WO2020189192A1 - 接合方法、及び接合装置 - Google Patents

接合方法、及び接合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020189192A1
WO2020189192A1 PCT/JP2020/007519 JP2020007519W WO2020189192A1 WO 2020189192 A1 WO2020189192 A1 WO 2020189192A1 JP 2020007519 W JP2020007519 W JP 2020007519W WO 2020189192 A1 WO2020189192 A1 WO 2020189192A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joining
insertion portion
thermal expansion
dimensions
relative position
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2020/007519
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
剛壮 藤本
友和 清水
Original Assignee
オリンパス株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by オリンパス株式会社 filed Critical オリンパス株式会社
Priority to CN202080018906.XA priority Critical patent/CN113573842B/zh
Publication of WO2020189192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020189192A1/ja
Priority to US17/472,830 priority patent/US11541486B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
    • B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
    • B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B4/00—Shrinkage connections, e.g. assembled with the parts at different temperature; Force fits; Non-releasable friction-grip fastenings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/14—Tools, e.g. nozzles, rollers, calenders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/40—Establishing desired heat distribution, e.g. to heat particular parts of workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
    • B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
    • B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
    • B23P11/027—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold for mounting tools in tool holders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a joining method and a joining device.
  • shrink fitting is known as a joining method for joining two joining objects of a first member and a second member having a joining insertion portion into which the first member is inserted (for example, Patent Document). See 1 and 2).
  • the diameter of the joining insertion portion is expanded by preheating the second member and thermally expanding it, and when the diameter is expanded, the first member is inserted to reduce the diameter of the joining insertion portion during cooling. It is a technology that uses it to join the two.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a technique of measuring the outer diameter of the first member and the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion of the second member, and optimizing the shrink fitting temperature according to the measurement result.
  • Patent Document 2 regulates the outward expansion of the second member in the plane orthogonal to the insertion direction in which the first member is inserted in the additional heating step after the first member is inserted into the joining insertion portion.
  • a technique for increasing the joint strength between the first member and the second member by plastically deforming the inner diameter of the second member in a direction of reducing the diameter by using a thermal expansion regulating member is described.
  • the clearance between the first member and the second member also varies.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first member and the inner peripheral surface of the joining insertion portion of the second member come into contact with each other at a temperature corresponding to the clearance during cooling (hereinafter, referred to as “contact temperature”).
  • contact temperature a temperature corresponding to the clearance during cooling
  • the second member shrinks according to the difference between the contact temperature and room temperature.
  • Patent Document 1 is a technique of optimizing the shrink fitting temperature according to the clearance, and does not consider the accuracy of the dimensions of the joint member.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a joining method and a joining device having good accuracy in longitudinal dimensions of a joining member obtained by joining the first member and the second member. With the goal.
  • the joining method joins a first member and a second member having a joining insertion portion into which the first member is inserted. At least one of the control dimensions that affect the dimensions of the members obtained in the above step is measured, and the first member is inserted into the joining insertion portion according to the measured control dimensions.
  • the relative position for positioning the member and the second member is determined, the second member is heated to the first temperature, the first member is inserted into the joining insertion portion, and the first member and the second member are inserted.
  • the member is placed in the relative position, the heating of the second member is stopped, and the first member and the second member are maintained in the relative position.
  • control dimension is the outer diameter of the portion of the first member to be inserted into the joining insertion portion, or the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion.
  • the joining method is a management that affects the dimensions of a member obtained by joining a first member and a second member having a joining insertion portion into which the first member is inserted.
  • a relative position where at least one of the dimensions is measured and the first member is inserted into the joining insertion portion to position the first member and the second member according to the measured control dimension.
  • the thermal expansion regulating member that regulates the thermal expansion to the outside of the second member is arranged outside the second member in the plane orthogonal to the insertion direction into which the first member is inserted.
  • the two members are heated to the first temperature, the first member is inserted into the joining insertion portion, the first member and the second member are placed in the relative positions, and the second member is placed at the first temperature. Heat to a high second temperature.
  • control dimensions are the outer diameter of the portion of the first member to be inserted into the joining insertion portion, the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion, and the second member.
  • the relative position is determined with reference to a database stored in advance in the storage unit.
  • control unit controls the position of the first member or the second member.
  • the joining device holds a second member that holds a first member holding portion that holds the first member and a second member that has a joining insertion portion into which the first member is inserted.
  • the measurement unit that measures at least one of the control dimensions that affect the dimensions of the member, the member obtained by joining the first member and the second member, and the measured control dimension.
  • a relative position determining unit that inserts the first member into the joining insertion portion to determine a relative position for positioning the first member and the second member, and a heating unit that heats the second member.
  • the joining device holds a second member that holds a first member holding portion that holds the first member and a second member that has a joining insertion portion into which the first member is inserted.
  • the measurement unit that measures at least one of the control dimensions that affect the dimensions of the member, the member obtained by joining the first member and the second member, and the measured control dimension.
  • the relative position determining portion for inserting the first member into the joining insertion portion to determine the relative position for positioning the first member and the second member, and the insertion direction for inserting the first member are orthogonal to each other.
  • a thermal expansion regulating member that regulates the thermal expansion of the second member to the outside, a heating portion that heats the thermal expansion regulating member and the second member, and the first member holding portion or the first member. It includes a first member insertion portion that interlocks with the two member holding portions and inserts the first member into the joining insertion portion so that the first member and the second member are in the relative positions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a joining device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method of joining the first member and the second member using the joining device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the clearance between the first member and the second member during heating and the length of the second member.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the joining device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a method of joining the first member and the second member using the joining device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the joining device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the joining device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the joining method according to the present invention and the embodiment of the joining device will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. It can be generally applied to a joining method for joining a rod-shaped first member and a second member having a joining insertion portion into which the first member is inserted, and a joining device in general.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a joining device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the joining device 1 according to the first embodiment is a joining device that joins the first member 2 and the second member 3, and holds the first member holding portion 4 and the second member.
  • a unit 5, a measuring unit 6, an electromagnetic induction heating coil 7, a first member insertion unit 8, a holding unit 9, a pedestal unit 10, and a control device 11 are provided.
  • FIG. 1 shows a state before joining the first member 2 and the second member 3.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the joining device 1, but FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway view, and the cut-out cross section is shown by hatching.
  • the first member 2 is composed of a rod-shaped substantially cylindrical member.
  • the first member 2 is made of, for example, a titanium alloy or the like.
  • the second member 3 is a substantially cylindrical member in which a joining insertion portion 3a, which is a cylindrical recess into which the first member 2 is inserted, is formed at one end.
  • the second member 3 is made of, for example, an aluminum alloy (coefficient of linear expansion ⁇ : about 25 ⁇ 10 -6 / ° C.).
  • a step portion 3b is formed at the central portion of the second member 3 in the insertion direction. The lower end of the step portion 3b comes into contact with the upper end of the second member holding portion 5, and positions the second member 3 with respect to the second member holding portion 5.
  • the first member 2 and the second member 3 are joined to each other with the first member 2 inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a.
  • the direction in which the first member 2 is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a is referred to as the insertion direction A.
  • the outer diameter of the portion of the first member 2 inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a is larger than the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a.
  • the diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a is expanded by heating and thermally expanding the second member 3, the first member 2 is inserted when the diameter is expanded, and the diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a is reduced during cooling. To join the two using.
  • the first member 2 and the second member 3 (hereinafter, referred to as "joining member") joined to each other are used, for example, in an ultrasonic treatment tool that applies ultrasonic energy to a living tissue to treat the living tissue.
  • the joining member receives the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator from one end (lower end in FIG. 1) to the other end (upper end in FIG. 1) that contacts the living tissue. It is used as a probe to transmit to.
  • the first member holding portion 4 holds the first member 2.
  • the first member holding portion 4 is a cylindrical member whose inner diameter substantially matches the outer diameter of the first member 2, and holds the first member 2 inserted inside.
  • the second member holding portion 5 holds the second member 3.
  • the second member holding portion 5 is a substantially cylindrical member in which a second member insertion hole 5a, which is a cylindrical recess, is formed at one end.
  • the second member holding portion 5 holds the second member 3 inserted into the second member insertion hole 5a.
  • the measuring unit 6 measures at least one of the control dimensions that affect the dimensions of the member obtained by joining the first member 2 and the second member 3.
  • the control dimension is the outer diameter of the portion of the first member 2 that is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a or the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a, but the length of the first member 2 or the height of the second member 3 is used. It may be included in the control dimensions.
  • the measuring unit 6 has the outer diameter of the portion of the first member 2 inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a, the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a, the length of the first member 2, or the height of the second member 3. Measure any one or more of them.
  • the measuring unit 6 is a laser measuring machine that irradiates a measurement target with a laser beam to measure the dimensions.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 is wound with a predetermined gap with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the second member 3. Then, the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 indirectly induces and heats the second member 3 by supplying a high frequency current from a high frequency power source (not shown). However, as the heating unit, a mechanism for directly heating the second member 3 with hot air or the like may be provided.
  • the first member inserting portion 8 interlocks with the first member holding portion 4, moves the first member holding portion 4 holding the first member 2 along the insertion direction A, and moves the first member 2 to the second member 3.
  • the first member 2 and the second member 3 are set to relative positions determined by the relative position determining unit 11b, which will be described later, by inserting into the joining insertion portion 3a.
  • the first member insertion portion 8 moves the first member holding portion 4 that grips the first member 2 in a direction orthogonal to the insertion direction A, and joins the first member 2 and the second member 3 with the insertion portion 3a. Align with.
  • the first member insertion portion 8 may be configured to interlock with the second member holding portion 5 and insert the first member 2 into the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3.
  • the holding portion 9 holds the first member holding portion 4 and the first member inserting portion 8 that grip the first member 2.
  • the pedestal portion 10 functions as a base for fixing the holding portion 9 and the second member holding portion 5.
  • the control device 11 includes a position detection unit 11a that detects the position of the first member 2 or the second member 3, a relative position determination unit 11b that determines the relative position between the first member 2 and the second member 3, and a joining device. It has a control unit 11c that comprehensively controls the entire unit 1 and a storage unit 11d that records various programs and the like for controlling the joining device 1.
  • the relative position determining unit 11b inserts the first member 2 into the joining insertion portion 3a and determines the relative position for positioning with the first member 2 and the second member 3 according to the control dimensions measured by the measuring unit 6. .. Specifically, the relative position determination unit 11b determines the relative position by referring to a database stored in the storage unit 11d in advance.
  • the control unit 11c controls the drive of the first member insertion unit 8 and comprehensively controls the first member holding unit 4, the second member holding unit 5, the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7, and the like.
  • the control unit 11c is realized by using a CPU (Central Processing Unit) having calculation and control functions, various calculation circuits, and the like.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the storage unit 11d stores various programs for executing the operation of the joining device 1.
  • the storage unit 11d is realized by using a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory) for storing calculation parameters and data of each process, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method of joining the first member and the second member using the joining device shown in FIG.
  • the operator holds the first member 2 by the first member holding portion 4 (step S1). Further, the operator holds the second member 3 by the second member holding portion 5 (step S2).
  • the operator uses the measuring unit 6 to measure, for example, the outer diameter of the first member 2 as a control dimension (step S3).
  • the relative position determining unit 11b inserts the first member 2 into the joining insertion portion 3a according to the outer diameter of the first member 2.
  • the relative position for positioning the first member 2 and the second member 3 is determined (step S4).
  • the relative positioning unit 11b calculates the clearance, which is the difference between the input outer diameter of the first member 2 and the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3.
  • the value measured by the measuring unit 6 may be used, but the center value of the dimensional tolerance or the center value of the variation may be used.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the clearance between the first member and the second member during heating and the length of the second member.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 3 is the clearance between the first member 2 and the second member 3, and the vertical axis is the dimension of the second member 3 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the state in which the clearance is negative means a state in which the outer diameter of the first member 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3.
  • the outer diameter of the first member 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3, and the clearance is a negative value x1. is there.
  • the dimension of the second member 3 in the longitudinal direction at this time is the length l1.
  • the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3 is larger than the outer diameter of the first member 2, and the clearance is a positive value. It becomes x2.
  • the dimension of the second member 3 in the longitudinal direction is increased by thermal expansion to become the length l2. In this state, the first member 2 is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3.
  • the outer diameter of the first member 2 shown at point P3 and the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3 match at the contact temperature Tx1 (temperature smaller than the first temperature).
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first member 2 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the joining insertion portion 3a), and the first member 2 and the second member 3 are joined.
  • the dimension of the second member 3 in the longitudinal direction at this time is the length l3. Then, when the second member 3 returns to room temperature, the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the second member 3 returns to a substantially length l1.
  • the length of is also shortened. That is, the length of the joining member becomes shorter according to the clearance between the first member 2 and the second member 3.
  • the relationship between the length of the joining member and the clearance is obtained by manufacturing a plurality of joining members in advance and performing measurement, and is stored in the storage unit 11d as a database.
  • the relative positioning unit 11b refers to the database stored in the storage unit 11d, and based on the clearance obtained by the measurement by the measuring unit 6, inserts the first member 2 into the joining insertion unit. It is inserted into 3a to determine a relative position for positioning the first member 2 and the second member 3.
  • the relative position determining portion 11b is the tip of the first member 2 when the first member 2 is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a in order to correct the shortening of the joining member according to the clearance. Is determined to be relative to the bottom of the joining insertion portion 3a by a length corresponding to the clearance.
  • the operator supplies a high-frequency current to the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 from a high-frequency power source (not shown) to induce and heat the second member 3. Then, the second member 3 is heated to the first temperature (step S5).
  • the first temperature is a temperature at which the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a is larger than the outer diameter of the first member 2.
  • the operator stops the supply of the high-frequency current from the high-frequency power supply (not shown) to the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 (stops the induction heating of the second member 3), and operates the first member insertion portion 8.
  • the first member 2 is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3 so that the central axis of the second member 3 and the central axis of the first member 2 coincide with each other, and the first member 2 and the second member 2 and the second member 2 are inserted.
  • the member 3 is set to a relative position (step S6).
  • the tip of the first member 2 is separated from the bottom of the joining insertion portion 3a by a length corresponding to the clearance.
  • the insertion step may be performed in a state where the second member 3 is induced to heat and the second member 3 maintains the first temperature.
  • the operator maintains a state in which the supply of the high-frequency current from the high-frequency power source (not shown) to the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 is stopped (maintains the state in which the heating of the second member 3 is stopped), and the first The member 2 and the second member 3 are maintained at relative positions, and the second member 3 is cooled to room temperature (step S7).
  • the first member 2 is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a and the first member 2 and the second member 3 are placed at relative positions, whereby the first member 2 and the second member 3 are joined. It suppresses the variation in the length of the joining member that occurs according to the variation in the clearance. As a result, according to the first embodiment, the accuracy of the longitudinal dimension of the joining member is good.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the joining device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the joining device 1A according to the second embodiment includes a thermal expansion regulating member 12A. Since the other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thermal expansion regulating member 12A regulates the thermal expansion of the second member 3 to the outside in a plane orthogonal to the insertion direction A.
  • the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is composed of a cylindrical member extending along the insertion direction A.
  • the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is composed of, for example, Kovar (coefficient of linear expansion ⁇ : about 5 ⁇ 10 -6 / ° C.). That is, the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is made of a material whose linear expansion coefficient ⁇ is smaller than the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ of the second member 3.
  • the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is set to be larger than the outer diameter of the second member 3 at room temperature. Further, the dimension of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A in the height direction (direction along the insertion direction A) may be a height that covers at least a part of the portion where the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3 is formed. It is not particularly limited. Further, a through hole 12Aa through which the first member 2 is inserted is formed at the upper end portion of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A. The inner diameter of the through hole 12Aa is sufficiently larger than the outer diameter of the first member 2.
  • the control dimensions are the outer diameter of the portion to be inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a of the first member 2, the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a, and the outer diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A of the second member 3. It is the outer diameter of the portion whose diameter is regulated, or the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A.
  • the measuring unit 6 regulates the outer diameter of the portion inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a of the first member 2, the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a, and the outer diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A of the second member 3. Either one or more of the outer diameter of the portion to be formed or the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is measured.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a method of joining the first member and the second member using the joining device shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the steps S1 to S4 are performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the operator arranges the thermal expansion regulating member 12A on the outside of the second member 3 (step S11). Specifically, the operator puts the thermal expansion regulating member 12A that regulates the thermal expansion of the second member 3 to the outside of the second member 3 in the plane orthogonal to the insertion direction A, and the thermal expansion regulating member. Arrange so that the center of 12A and the center of the second member 3 substantially coincide with each other.
  • the operator supplies a high-frequency current to the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 from a high-frequency power source (not shown) to induce and heat the thermal expansion regulating member 12A.
  • the second member 3 arranged inside the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is heated to the first temperature by transferring heat from the thermal expansion regulating member 12A (step S12).
  • the thermal expansion regulating member 12A and the second member 3 are thermally expanded. Then, the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A, the outer diameter of the second member 3, and the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a gradually increase.
  • the coefficient of linear expansion ⁇ of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion ⁇ of the second member 3. Therefore, the outer diameter of the second member 3 changes more than the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A. On the other hand, since the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a is smaller than the outer diameter of the second member 3, the inner diameter changes more gently than the outer diameter.
  • step S12 the operator induces and heats the thermal expansion regulating member 12A until the first member 2 reaches the first temperature.
  • the first temperature is a temperature at which the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a is larger than the outer diameter of the first member 2.
  • the operator stops the supply of the high-frequency current from the high-frequency power supply (not shown) to the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 (stops the induction heating of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A (heating of the second member 3)).
  • the first member insertion portion 8 By operating the first member insertion portion 8, the first member 2 is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3 so that the central axis of the second member 3 and the central axis of the first member 2 coincide with each other.
  • the first member 2 and the second member 3 are set to relative positions (step S13).
  • the insertion step may be performed in a state where the second member 3 is induced to heat and the second member 3 maintains the first temperature.
  • the operator supplies a high-frequency current to the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 from a high-frequency power source (not shown), and induces and heats the thermal expansion regulating member 12A again until the second member 3 reaches the second temperature (step). S14).
  • the second temperature is higher than the first temperature.
  • the second member 3 When the second member 3 is heated to the second temperature in this step S14, the second member 3 and the thermal expansion regulating member 12A thermally expand. Then, when the expansion regulation temperature Tx11 (a temperature smaller than the second temperature) is reached due to the difference between the linear expansion coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ of the second member 3 and the thermal expansion regulation member 12A, the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulation member 12A is reached. The outer diameter of the second member 3 matches (the outer peripheral surface of the second member 3 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A).
  • the second member 3 tries to thermally expand, but is mechanically regulated by the inner peripheral surface of the thermal expansion regulation member 12A. There is. Therefore, the second member 3 is in the direction not mechanically regulated by the thermal expansion regulating member 12A, that is, in the direction in which the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a is reduced and in the height direction (insertion direction A). Plastic deformation.
  • the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a gradually decreases when the expansion regulation temperature Tx11 is exceeded. Then, when the contact temperature Tx12 (a temperature higher than the expansion regulation temperature Tx11) is reached, the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a and the outer diameter of the first member 2 match (the inner peripheral surface of the joining insertion portion 3a). The outer peripheral surface of the first member 2 comes into contact with the surface).
  • the operator stops the supply of the high-frequency current from the high-frequency power supply (not shown) to the electromagnetic induction heating coil 7 (stops the induction heating of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A (heating of the second member 3)).
  • the thermal expansion regulating member 12A and the second member 3 are cooled to room temperature (step S15).
  • the cooling in step S15 causes the second member 3 and the thermal expansion regulating member 12A to contract.
  • the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A gradually decreases as the thermal expansion regulating member 12A shrinks, and finally becomes the same inner diameter as the inner diameter before the implementation of the joining method.
  • the outer diameter of the second member 3 gradually decreases in accordance with the contraction of the second member 3, and finally becomes an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter before the implementation of the joining method.
  • the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a tends to gradually decrease in accordance with the contraction of the second member 3, but the contraction is mechanically regulated on the outer peripheral surface of the first member 2.
  • the inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the first member 2 is maintained.
  • the relative positioning portion 11b has the outer diameter of the portion inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a in the first member 2 which is the control dimension, and the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a.
  • the relative position is determined based on the outer diameter of the portion of the second member 3 whose outer diameter is restricted by the thermal expansion regulating member 12A, or the inner diameter of the thermal expansion regulating member 12A.
  • the first member 2 is inserted into the joining insertion portion 3a so that the first member 2 and the second member 3 are in relative positions, so that the first member 2 and the second member 2 are in relative positions.
  • the variation in the length of the joining member caused by the variation in the clearance between the member 3 or the clearance between the second member 3 and the thermal expansion regulating member 12A is suppressed.
  • the accuracy of the longitudinal dimension of the joining member is good.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the joining device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first member insertion unit 8B controls the position of the first member 2 under the control of the control unit 11c.
  • the control unit 11c and the first member insertion unit 8B form a PLC (Programmable Logical Controller), and automatically control the position of the first member 2. Since the other configurations are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, the description thereof will be omitted.
  • PLC Programmable Logical Controller
  • This PLC automatically moves the position of the first member 2 to a relative position determined according to the measurement result of the measuring unit 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the joining device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control device 11C of the joining device 1C according to the fourth embodiment has a contact temperature constant calculation unit 11Ce. Since the other configurations are the same as those in the first to third embodiments, the description thereof will be omitted.
  • the contact temperature constant calculation unit 11Ce calculates the contact temperature constants ⁇ and T ⁇ calculated by the following equation (1).
  • x o the inner diameter of the thermal expansion restricting member 12A at room temperature
  • q o is the outer diameter of the first member 2 at room temperature
  • r o is at room temperature
  • ⁇ is the coefficient of linear expansion of the second member 3.
  • T ⁇ the inner diameter of the joining insertion portion 3a of the second member 3 coincides with the outer diameter of the first member 2, and the outer peripheral surface of the first member 2 and the inner peripheral surface of the joining insertion portion 3a come into contact with each other. It is the difference between the contact temperature Tx12 and the room temperature.
  • the contact temperature constant calculation unit 11Ce substitutes the control dimensions measured by the measurement unit 6 into the equation (1) to calculate the contact temperature constants ⁇ and T ⁇ .
  • the relative position determination unit 11b determines the relative position using the contact temperature constants ⁇ and T ⁇ calculated by the contact temperature constant calculation unit 11Ce. Specifically, the relative position determination unit 11b substitutes the coefficient of linear expansion ⁇ into the equation (1) to calculate T ⁇ . Then, the relative position determining unit 11b estimates how much the first member 2 and the second member 3 shrink during T ⁇ , and determines the relative position so as to correct this shrinkage. In this way, the relative position determination unit 11b may determine the relative position by calculation.

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Abstract

接合方法は、第１部材と、当該第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定し、測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定し、前記第２部材を第１温度まで加熱し、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にし、前記第２部材の加熱を停止して、前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置に維持する。これにより、第１部材と第２部材とを接合して得られる接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度がよい接合方法を提供する。

Description

接合方法、及び接合装置
　本発明は、接合方法、及び接合装置に関する。
　従来、第１部材と、当該第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材との２つの接合対象を互いに接合する接合方法として、焼き嵌めが知られている（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）。
　焼き嵌めは、第２部材を予め加熱して熱膨張させることにより接合用挿入部を拡径させ、その拡径状態の時に第１部材を挿入し、冷却時の接合用挿入部の縮径を利用して両者を接合させる技術である。
　特許文献１には、第１部材の外径と第２部材の接合用挿入部の内径とを測定し、測定結果に応じて焼き嵌め温度を最適化する技術が記載されている。
　特許文献２には、第１部材を接合用挿入部に挿入した後の追加加熱工程において、第１部材を挿入する挿入方向と直交する面内において、第２部材の外側への膨張を規制する熱膨張規制部材を用いて、第２部材の内径を縮径する方向に塑性変形させることにより、第１部材と第２部材との接合強度を高める技術が記載されている。
特開２０１５－１５０６２７号公報 特開２０１７－２２２０００号公報
　ところで、第１部材の外径と第２部材の接合用挿入部の内径とにばらつきがあることにより、第１部材と第２部材との間のクリアランスにもばらつきがある。すると、焼き嵌めにおいて、冷却時にクリアランスに応じた温度（以下、「接触温度」という）で第１部材の外周面と第２部材の接合用挿入部の内周面とが接触する。この接触後、第２部材は、接触温度と室温との差分に応じて収縮する。その結果、第１部材と第２部材とを接合して得られる部材（以下、「接合部材」という）の長手方向の寸法にばらつきが生じるという課題がある。
　特許文献１の技術は、クリアランスに応じて焼き嵌め温度を最適化する技術であり、接合部材の寸法の精度は考慮していない。
　特許文献２の技術では、第１部材と第２部材との間のクリアランスにばらつきがあると、追加加熱工程においてクリアランスに応じた接触温度で第１部材の外周面と第２部材の接合用挿入部の内周面とが接触する。その結果、接合部材の長手方向の寸法にばらつきが生じる。また、第２部材と熱膨張規制部材との間のクリアランスにばらつきがある場合も同様に、接合部材の長手方向の寸法にばらつきが生じる。
　本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、第１部材と第２部材とを接合して得られる接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度がよい接合方法、及び接合装置を提供することを目的とする。
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明の一態様に係る接合方法は、第１部材と、当該第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定し、測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定し、前記第２部材を第１温度まで加熱し、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にし、前記第２部材の加熱を停止して、前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置に維持する。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る接合方法は、前記管理寸法は、前記第１部材における前記接合用挿入部に挿入される部分の外径、又は前記接合用挿入部の内径である。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る接合方法は、第１部材と、当該第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定し、測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定し、前記第１部材を挿入する挿入方向と直交する面内において、前記第２部材の外側への熱膨張を規制する熱膨張規制部材を前記第２部材の外側に配置し、前記第２部材を第１温度まで加熱し、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にし、前記第２部材を前記第１温度より高い第２温度まで加熱する。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る接合方法は、前記管理寸法は、前記第１部材における前記接合用挿入部に挿入される部分の外径、前記接合用挿入部の内径、前記第２部材における前記熱膨張規制部材に外径を規制される部分の外径、又は前記熱膨張規制部材の内径である。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る接合方法は、前記相対位置は、予め記憶部に記憶されたデータベースを参照して決定される。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る接合方法は、制御部が、前記第１部材又は前記第２部材の位置を制御する。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る接合装置は、第１部材を保持する第１部材保持部と、前記第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材を保持する第２部材保持部と、前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定する測定部と、測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定する相対位置決定部と、前記第２部材を加熱する加熱部と、前記第１部材保持部又は前記第２部材保持部と連動し、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にする第１部材挿入部と、を備える。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る接合装置は、第１部材を保持する第１部材保持部と、前記第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材を保持する第２部材保持部と、前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定する測定部と、測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定する相対位置決定部と、前記第１部材を挿入する挿入方向と直交する面内において、前記第２部材の外側への熱膨張を規制する熱膨張規制部材と、前記熱膨張規制部材及び前記第２部材を加熱する加熱部と、前記第１部材保持部又は前記第２部材保持部と連動し、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にする第１部材挿入部と、を備える。
　本発明によれば、第１部材と第２部材とを接合して得られる接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度がよい接合方法、及び接合装置を実現することができる。
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。 図２は、図１に示す接合装置を利用した第１部材と第２部材との接合方法を示すフローチャートである。 図３は、加熱時における第１部材と第２部材との間のクリアランスと、第２部材の長さとの関係を表す図である。 図４は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。 図５は、図４に示す接合装置を利用した第１部材と第２部材との接合方法を示すフローチャートである。 図６は、本発明の実施の形態３に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。 図７は、本発明の実施の形態４に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。
　以下に、図面を参照して本発明に係る接合方法、及び接合装置の実施の形態を説明する。なお、これらの実施の形態により本発明が限定されるものではない。棒状の第１部材と、当該第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材とを接合する接合方法、及び接合装置一般に適用することができる。
　また、図面の記載において、同一又は対応する要素には適宜同一の符号を付している。また、図面は模式的なものであり、各要素の寸法の関係、各要素の比率などは、現実と異なる場合があることに留意する必要がある。図面の相互間においても、互いの寸法の関係や比率が異なる部分が含まれている場合がある。
（実施の形態１）
　図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。図１に示すように、本実施の形態１に係る接合装置１は、第１部材２と第２部材３とを接合する接合装置であって、第１部材保持部４と、第２部材保持部５と、測定部６と、電磁誘導加熱コイル７と、第１部材挿入部８と、保持部９と、台座部１０と、制御装置１１と、を備える。図１は、第１部材２と第２部材３とを接合する前の状態を表す。図１は、接合装置１を側方から見た図であるが、図１は、一部を切欠いた図であり、切欠いた断面をハッチングにより図示した。
　第１部材２は、棒状の略円柱部材で構成されている。そして、第１部材２は、例えば、チタン合金等で構成されている。
　第２部材３は、第１部材２が挿入される円筒状の凹部である接合用挿入部３ａが一端に形成されている略円筒状の部材である。そして、第２部材３は、例えば、アルミ合金（線膨張係数α：約２５×１０－６／℃）等で構成されている。また、第２部材３の挿入方向の中央部には、段差部３ｂが形成されている。段差部３ｂの下端は、第２部材保持部５の上端と接触し、第２部材３を第２部材保持部５に対して位置決めする。
　第１部材２及び第２部材３は、第１部材２が接合用挿入部３ａに挿入された状態で互いに接合される。以下において、第１部材２を接合用挿入部３ａに挿入する方向を挿入方向Ａという。第１部材２の接合用挿入部３ａに挿入される部分の外径は、接合用挿入部３ａの内径より大きい。そして、第２部材３を加熱して熱膨張させることにより接合用挿入部３ａを拡径させ、その拡径状態の時に第１部材２を挿入し、冷却時の接合用挿入部３ａの縮径を利用して両者を接合させる。
　互いに接合された第１部材２及び第２部材３（以下、「接合部材」という）は、例えば、超音波エネルギーを生体組織に付与して当該生体組織を処置する超音波処置具に用いられる。具体的には、接合部材は、超音波振動子が発生した超音波振動を一端（図１中、下方の端部）から当該生体組織に接触する他端（図１中、上方の端部）に伝達するプローブとして用いられる。
　〔接合装置の構成〕
　次に、第１部材２と第２部材３とを接合する接合装置１の構成について説明する。
　第１部材保持部４は、第１部材２を保持する。具体的には、第１部材保持部４は、内径が第１部材２の外径と略一致する円筒状の部材であり、内側に挿通された第１部材２を保持する。
　第２部材保持部５は、第２部材３を保持する。具体的には、第２部材保持部５は、円筒状の凹部である第２部材挿入孔５ａが一端に形成されている略円筒状の部材である。第２部材保持部５は、第２部材挿入孔５ａに挿入された第２部材３を保持する。
　測定部６は、第１部材２と第２部材３とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定する。管理寸法は、第１部材２における接合用挿入部３ａに挿入される部分の外径、又は接合用挿入部３ａの内径であるが、第１部材２の長さや第２部材３の高さを管理寸法に含めてもよい。換言すると、測定部６は、第１部材２における接合用挿入部３ａに挿入される部分の外径、接合用挿入部３ａの内径、第１部材２の長さ、又は第２部材３の高さのいずれか１つ以上を測定する。これらの管理寸法を測定部６により複数測定することにより、接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度をよくすることができるが、管理寸法のいくつかを寸法公差の中心値やばらつきの中心値としてもよい。測定部６は、測定対象にレーザ光を照射して寸法を測定するレーザ測定機である。
　電磁誘導加熱コイル７は、第２部材３の外周面に対して所定の隙間を有した状態で巻回されている。そして、電磁誘導加熱コイル７は、高周波電源（図示略）から高周波電流が供給されることにより、間接的に第２部材３を誘導加熱する。ただし、加熱部として、熱風等により第２部材３を直接的に加熱する機構を設けてもよい。
　第１部材挿入部８は、第１部材保持部４と連動し、第１部材２を保持した第１部材保持部４を挿入方向Ａに沿って移動させ、第１部材２を第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３とを、後述する相対位置決定部１１ｂが決定した相対位置にする。また、第１部材挿入部８は、挿入方向Ａに直交する方向に第１部材２を把持した第１部材保持部４を移動させ、第１部材２と第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａとの位置合わせを行う。ただし、第１部材挿入部８は、第２部材保持部５と連動し、第１部材２を第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａに挿入する構成であってもよい。
　保持部９は、第１部材２を把持した第１部材保持部４及び第１部材挿入部８を保持する。
　台座部１０は、保持部９及び第２部材保持部５を固定する土台として機能する。
　制御装置１１は、第１部材２又は第２部材３の位置を検出する位置検出部１１ａと、第１部材２と第２部材３との相対位置を決定する相対位置決定部１１ｂと、接合装置１全体を統括的に制御する制御部１１ｃと、接合装置１を制御するための各種プログラム等を記録する記憶部１１ｄと、を有する。
　相対位置決定部１１ｂは、測定部６が測定した管理寸法に応じて、第１部材２を接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３と位置決めする相対位置を決定する。具体的には、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、予め記憶部１１ｄに記憶されたデータベースを参照して相対位置を決定する。
　制御部１１ｃは、第１部材挿入部８の駆動を制御するとともに、第１部材保持部４、第２部材保持部５、及び電磁誘導加熱コイル７等を統括的に制御する。制御部１１ｃは、演算及び制御機能を有するＣＰＵ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ　Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ　Ｕｎｉｔ）や各種演算回路等を用いて実現される。
　記憶部１１ｄは、接合装置１の動作を実行するための各種プログラムを記憶する。記憶部１１ｄは、ＲＯＭ（Ｒｅａｄ　Ｏｎｌｙ　Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）、及び各処理の演算パラメータやデータ等を記憶するＲＡＭ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ　Ａｃｃｅｓｓ　Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）等を用いて実現される。
　〔接合方法〕
　次に、接合装置１を利用した第１部材２と第２部材３との接合方法について説明する。図２は、図１に示す接合装置を利用した第１部材と第２部材との接合方法を示すフローチャートである。
　まず、作業者は、第１部材保持部４により第１部材２を保持する（ステップＳ１）。さらに、作業者は、第２部材保持部５により第２部材３を保持する（ステップＳ２）。
　続いて、作業者は、測定部６を用いて、管理寸法として例えば第１部材２の外径を測定する（ステップＳ３）。
　そして、作業者が測定した第１部材２の外径を制御装置１１に入力すると、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、第１部材２の外径に応じて、第１部材２を接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３とを位置決めする相対位置を決定する（ステップＳ４）。
　まず、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、入力された第１部材２の外径と、第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径との差であるクリアランスを計算する。なお、第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径は、測定部６により測定した値を用いてもよいが、寸法公差の中心値やばらつきの中心値を用いてもよい。
　図３は、加熱時における第１部材と第２部材との間のクリアランスと、第２部材の長さとの関係を表す図である。図３の横軸は第１部材２と第２部材３との間のクリアランス、縦軸は第２部材３の長手方向の寸法である。クリアランスが負の状態とは、第１部材２の外径が第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径よりも大きい状態を意味する。
　図３に示すように、加熱前の室温の状態を表す点Ｐ１では、第１部材２の外径が第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径よりも大きく、クリアランスは負の値ｘ１である。このときの第２部材３の長手方向の寸法は長さｌ１である。
　続いて、第２部材３を第１温度まで加熱した状態を表す点Ｐ２では、第１部材２の外径より第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径が大きくなり、クリアランスは正の値ｘ２になる。このとき、第２部材３の長手方向の寸法は、熱膨張により大きくなり、長さｌ２になる。この状態で第１部材２を第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａに挿入する。
　その後、第２部材３を冷却すると、接触温度Ｔｘ１（第１温度よりも小さい温度）で点Ｐ３に示す第１部材２の外径と第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径とが一致する（接合用挿入部３ａの内周面に第１部材２の外周面が接触する）状態となり、第１部材２と第２部材３とが接合される。このときの第２部材３の長手方向の寸法は長さｌ３である。そして、第２部材３が室温に戻ると第２部材３の長手方向の寸法は、略長さｌ１に戻る。
　このとき、点Ｐ３の状態から点Ｐ１の状態に移行する際の第２部材３の長さの変化量ｌ３－ｌ１に応じて、第１部材２と第２部材３とが接合された接合部材の長さも短くなる。すなわち、接合部材の長さは、第１部材２と第２部材３との間のクリアランスに応じて短くなる。この接合部材の長さとクリアランスとの関係は、予め複数の接合部材を製造して測定を行うことにより求められており、データベースとして記憶部１１ｄに記憶されている。
　そこで、接合装置１において、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、記憶部１１ｄに記憶されているデータベースを参照し、測定部６による測定によって得られたクリアランスに基づいて、第１部材２を接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３とを位置決めする相対位置を決定する。具体的には、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、接合部材がクリアランスに応じて短くなるのを補正するために、第１部材２を接合用挿入部３ａに挿入する際に、第１部材２の先端を接合用挿入部３ａの底部からクリアランスに応じた長さ分だけ離間させるように相対位置を決定する。
　その後、作業者は、高周波電源（図示略）から電磁誘導加熱コイル７に高周波電流を供給し、第２部材３を誘導加熱する。そして、第２部材３は、第１温度まで加熱される（ステップＳ５）。
　このステップＳ５が実施されることで、第２部材３は、熱膨張する。そして、接合用挿入部３ａの内径は、徐々に大きくなる。第１温度は、接合用挿入部３ａの内径が第１部材２の外径よりも大きい状態となる温度である。
　続いて、作業者は、高周波電源（図示略）から電磁誘導加熱コイル７への高周波電流の供給を停止し（第２部材３の誘導加熱を停止し）、第１部材挿入部８を動作させて、第２部材３の中心軸と第１部材２の中心軸とが一致するように、第１部材２を第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３とを相対位置にする（ステップＳ６）。このとき、上述したように、第１部材２の先端は、接合用挿入部３ａの底部からクリアランスに応じた長さ分だけ離間している。なお、挿入工程は、第２部材３を誘導加熱して第２部材３が第１温度を維持した状態で行ってもよい。
　続いて、作業者は、高周波電源（図示略）から電磁誘導加熱コイル７への高周波電流の供給を停止した状態を維持し（第２部材３の加熱を停止した状態を維持し）、第１部材２と第２部材３とを相対位置に維持して、第２部材３を室温まで冷却する（ステップＳ７）。
　以上説明した接合方法では、第１部材２を接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３とを相対位置にすることにより、第１部材２と第２部材３とのクリアランスのばらつきに応じて生じる接合部材の長さのばらつきが生じることを抑制している。その結果、実施の形態１によれば、接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度がよい。
　なお、従来、接合部材の長手方向の寸法にばらつきが生じた場合には、研磨又は研削等によって、接合部材の長手方向の寸法を揃える工程が必要となり、手間がかかっていた。しかしながら、実施の形態１によれば、接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度がよいため、接合部材の長手方向の寸法を揃える工程が不要となる。
（実施の形態２）
　図４は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。図４に示すように、本実施の形態２に係る接合装置１Ａは、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａを備える。それ以外の構成は実施の形態１と同様であるから、説明を省略する。
　熱膨張規制部材１２Ａは、挿入方向Ａに直交する面内において、第２部材３の外側への熱膨張を規制する。熱膨張規制部材１２Ａは、挿入方向Ａに沿って延在する円筒部材で構成されている。そして、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａは、例えば、コバール（線膨張係数β：約５×１０－６／℃）等で構成されている。すなわち、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａは、その線膨張係数βが第２部材３の線膨張係数αよりも小さい材料で構成されている。
　この熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径は、室温時において、第２部材３の外径よりも大きく設定されている。また、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの高さ方向（挿入方向Ａに沿った方向）の寸法は、第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａが形成されている部分の少なくとも一部を覆う高さであればよく、特に限定されない。また、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの上端部には、第１部材２が挿通される貫通孔１２Ａａが形成されている。貫通孔１２Ａａの内径は、第１部材２の外径より十分に大きい。
　また、実施の形態２において管理寸法は、第１部材２における接合用挿入部３ａに挿入される部分の外径、接合用挿入部３ａの内径、第２部材３における熱膨張規制部材１２Ａに外径を規制される部分の外径、又は熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径である。換言すると、測定部６は、第１部材２における接合用挿入部３ａに挿入される部分の外径、接合用挿入部３ａの内径、第２部材３における熱膨張規制部材１２Ａに外径を規制される部分の外径、又は熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径のいずれか１つ以上を測定する。これらの管理寸法を測定部６により複数測定することにより、接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度をよくすることができるが、管理寸法のいくつかを寸法公差の中心値やばらつきの中心値としてもよい。
　〔接合方法〕
　次に、接合装置１Ａを利用した第１部材２と第２部材３との接合方法について説明する。図５は、図４に示す接合装置を利用した第１部材と第２部材との接合方法を示すフローチャートである。図５に示すように、実施の形態１と同様にステップＳ１～ステップＳ４の工程を行う。
　続いて、作業者は、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａを第２部材３の外側に配置する（ステップＳ１１）。具体的には、作業者は、挿入方向Ａと直交する面内において、第２部材３の外側への熱膨張を規制する熱膨張規制部材１２Ａを第２部材３の外側に、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの中心と第２部材３の中心とが略一致するように配置する。
　その後、作業者は、高周波電源（図示略）から電磁誘導加熱コイル７に高周波電流を供給し、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａを誘導加熱する。そして、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内部に配置されている第２部材３は、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａから熱が伝達されることにより、第１温度まで加熱される（ステップＳ１２）。
　このステップＳ１２が実施されることで、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａ及び第２部材３は、熱膨張する。そして、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径、第２部材３の外径、及び接合用挿入部３ａの内径は、徐々に大きくなる。
　ここで、上述したように、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの線膨張係数βは、第２部材３の線膨張係数αよりも小さいものである。このため、第２部材３の外径は、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径よりも大きく変化する。一方、接合用挿入部３ａの内径は、第２部材３の外径よりも小さいため、当該外径よりも緩やかに変化する。
　そして、ステップＳ１２では、作業者は、第１部材２が第１温度となるまで、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａを誘導加熱する。なお、第１温度は、接合用挿入部３ａの内径が第１部材２の外径よりも大きい状態となる温度である。
　続いて、作業者は、高周波電源（図示略）から電磁誘導加熱コイル７への高周波電流の供給を停止し（熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの誘導加熱（第２部材３の加熱）を停止し）、第１部材挿入部８を動作させて、第２部材３の中心軸と第１部材２の中心軸とが一致するように、第１部材２を第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３とを相対位置にする（ステップＳ１３）。なお、挿入工程は、第２部材３を誘導加熱して第２部材３が第１温度を維持した状態で行ってもよい。
　続いて、作業者は、高周波電源（図示略）から電磁誘導加熱コイル７に高周波電流を供給し、第２部材３が第２温度となるまで、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａを改めて誘導加熱する（ステップＳ１４）。なお、第２温度は、第１温度よりも高い温度である。
　このステップＳ１４で第２部材３を第２温度まで加熱すると、第２部材３及び熱膨張規制部材１２Ａは、熱膨張する。そして、第２部材３及び熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの線膨張係数α，βの差により、膨張規制温度Ｔｘ１１（第２温度よりも小さい温度）になった時点で、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径と第２部材３の外径とが一致する（熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内周面に第２部材３の外周面が接触する）。
　この後、第２部材３が膨張規制温度Ｔｘ１１以上になっていく過程において、第２部材３は、熱膨張しようとするが、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内周面にて機械的に規制されている。このため、第２部材３は、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａにて機械的に規制されていない方向、すなわち、接合用挿入部３ａの内径が縮径する方向、及び高さ方向（挿入方向Ａ）に塑性変形する。
　接合用挿入部３ａの内径は、膨張規制温度Ｔｘ１１を超えると、徐々に小さくなる。そして、接触温度Ｔｘ１２（膨張規制温度Ｔｘ１１よりも高い温度）になった時点で、接合用挿入部３ａの内径と第１部材２の外径とが一致する（接合用挿入部３ａの内周面に第１部材２の外周面が接触する）。
　続いて、作業者は、高周波電源（図示略）から電磁誘導加熱コイル７への高周波電流の供給を停止し（熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの誘導加熱（第２部材３の加熱）を停止し）、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａ及び第２部材３を室温まで冷却する（ステップＳ１５）。
　このステップＳ１５での冷却により、第２部材３及び熱膨張規制部材１２Ａは、収縮する。具体的に、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径は、熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの収縮に応じて徐々に小さくなり、最終的に、当該接合方法の実施前の内径と同一の内径となる。また、第２部材３の外径は、当該第２部材３の収縮に応じて徐々に小さくなり、最終的に、当該接合方法の実施前の外径よりも小さい外径となる。さらに、接合用挿入部３ａの内径は、当該第２部材３の収縮に応じて徐々に小さくなろうとするが、当該収縮が第１部材２の外周面にて機械的に規制されているため、最終的に、第１部材２の外径に一致した内径を維持する。以上の工程により、第１部材２及び第２部材３は、互いに接合される。
　以上説明した接合方法において、第１部材２と第２部材３との間のクリアランス、又は第２部材３と熱膨張規制部材１２Ａとの間のクリアランスにばらつきが生じると、膨張規制温度Ｔｘ１１又は接触温度Ｔｘ１２がばらつくことによって、接合部材の長手方向の寸法にばらつきが生じる。これに対して、実施の形態２によれば、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、管理寸法である第１部材２における接合用挿入部３ａに挿入される部分の外径、接合用挿入部３ａの内径、第２部材３における熱膨張規制部材１２Ａに外径を規制される部分の外径、又は熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径に基づいて相対位置を決定する。その結果、実施の形態２によれば、第１部材２を接合用挿入部３ａに挿入して第１部材２と第２部材３とを相対位置にすることにより、第１部材２と第２部材３との間のクリアランス、又は第２部材３と熱膨張規制部材１２Ａとの間のクリアランスのばらつきに応じて生じる接合部材の長さのばらつきを抑制している。その結果、実施の形態２によれば、接合部材の長手方向の寸法の精度がよい。
（実施の形態３）
　図６は、本発明の実施の形態３に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。図６に示すように、本実施の形態３に係る接合装置１Ｂにおいて、第１部材挿入部８Ｂは、制御部１１ｃによる制御のもと、第１部材２の位置を制御する。換言すると、制御部１１ｃと第１部材挿入部８Ｂとは、ＰＬＣ（Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍａｂｌｅ　Ｌｏｇｉｃ　Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｒ）を構成し、第１部材２の位置を自動的に制御する。それ以外の構成は実施の形態１、実施の形態２と同様であるから、説明を省略する。
　このＰＬＣは、第１部材２の位置を測定部６の測定結果に応じて決定された相対位置に自動的に移動させる。
（実施の形態４）
　図７は、本発明の実施の形態４に係る接合装置の構成を示す模式図である。図７に示すように、本実施の形態４に係る接合装置１Ｃの制御装置１１Ｃは、接触温度定数算出部１１Ｃｅを有する。それ以外の構成は実施の形態１～実施の形態３と同様であるから、説明を省略する。
　接触温度定数算出部１１Ｃｅは、以下の式（１）により算出される接触温度定数α・ＴΔを算出する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
　式（１）において、ｘｏは室温における熱膨張規制部材１２Ａの内径、ｑｏは室温における第１部材２の外径、Ｒｏは室温における第２部材３の外径、ｒｏは室温における第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径である。また、αは第２部材３の線膨張係数である。そして、ＴΔは、第２部材３の接合用挿入部３ａの内径が第１部材２の外径と一致し、第１部材２の外周面と接合用挿入部３ａの内周面とが接触する接触温度Ｔｘ１２と、室温との差分である。そして、接触温度定数算出部１１Ｃｅは、測定部６が測定した管理寸法を式（１）に代入し、接触温度定数α・ＴΔを算出する。
　相対位置決定部１１ｂは、接触温度定数算出部１１Ｃｅが算出した接触温度定数α・ＴΔを用いて相対位置を決定する。具体的には、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、式（１）に線膨張係数αを代入し、ＴΔを算出する。そして、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、ＴΔの間に第１部材２及び第２部材３がどれだけ縮むか推定し、この縮みを補正するように相対位置を決定する。このように、相対位置決定部１１ｂは、相対位置を演算によって決定してもよい。
　さらなる効果や変形例は、当業者によって容易に導き出すことができる。よって、本発明のより広範な態様は、以上のように表し、かつ記述した特定の詳細及び代表的な実施の形態に限定されるものではない。従って、添付のクレーム及びその均等物によって定義される総括的な発明の概念の精神又は範囲から逸脱することなく、様々な変更が可能である。
　１、１Ａ、１Ｂ、１Ｃ　接合装置
　２　第１部材
　３　第２部材
　３ａ　接合用挿入部
　３ｂ　段差部
　４　第１部材保持部
　５　第２部材保持部
　５ａ　第２部材挿入孔
　６　測定部
　７　電磁誘導加熱コイル
　８、８Ｂ　第１部材挿入部
　９　保持部
　１０　台座部
　１１、１１Ｃ　制御装置
　１１ａ　位置検出部
　１１ｂ　相対位置決定部
　１１ｃ　制御部
　１１ｄ　記憶部
　１１Ｃｅ　接触温度定数算出部
　１２Ａ　熱膨張規制部材
　１２Ａａ　貫通孔

Claims (8)

  1. 　第１部材と、当該第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定し、
    　測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定し、
    　前記第２部材を第１温度まで加熱し、
    　前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にし、
    　前記第２部材の加熱を停止して、前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置に維持する接合方法。
  2. 　前記管理寸法は、前記第１部材における前記接合用挿入部に挿入される部分の外径、又は前記接合用挿入部の内径である請求項１に記載の接合方法。
  3. 　第１部材と、当該第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定し、
    　測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定し、
    　前記第１部材を挿入する挿入方向と直交する面内において、前記第２部材の外側への熱膨張を規制する熱膨張規制部材を前記第２部材の外側に配置し、
    　前記第２部材を第１温度まで加熱し、
    　前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にし、
    　前記第２部材を前記第１温度より高い第２温度まで加熱する接合方法。
  4. 　前記管理寸法は、前記第１部材における前記接合用挿入部に挿入される部分の外径、前記接合用挿入部の内径、前記第２部材における前記熱膨張規制部材に外径を規制される部分の外径、又は前記熱膨張規制部材の内径である請求項３記載の接合方法。
  5. 　前記相対位置は、予め記憶部に記憶されたデータベースを参照して決定される請求項１～４のいずれか１つに記載の接合方法。
  6. 　制御部が、前記第１部材又は前記第２部材の位置を制御する請求項１～５のいずれか１つに記載の接合方法。
  7. 　第１部材を保持する第１部材保持部と、
    　前記第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材を保持する第２部材保持部と、
    　前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定する測定部と、
    　測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定する相対位置決定部と、
    　前記第２部材を加熱する加熱部と、
    　前記第１部材保持部又は前記第２部材保持部と連動し、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にする第１部材挿入部と、
    　を備える接合装置。
  8. 　第１部材を保持する第１部材保持部と、
    　前記第１部材が挿入される接合用挿入部を有する第２部材を保持する第２部材保持部と、
    　前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを接合して得られる部材の寸法に影響を与える管理寸法のうちの少なくとも一つ以上を測定する測定部と、
    　測定した前記管理寸法に応じて、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを位置決めする相対位置を決定する相対位置決定部と、
    　前記第１部材を挿入する挿入方向と直交する面内において、前記第２部材の外側への熱膨張を規制する熱膨張規制部材と、
    　前記熱膨張規制部材及び前記第２部材を加熱する加熱部と、
    　前記第１部材保持部又は前記第２部材保持部と連動し、前記第１部材を前記接合用挿入部に挿入して前記第１部材と前記第２部材とを前記相対位置にする第１部材挿入部と、
    　を備える接合装置。
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