WO2020188812A1 - 無方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
無方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention mainly relates to non-oriented electrical steel sheets having excellent fatigue strength and magnetic properties, which are used as iron core materials for electrical equipment.
- a motor consists of a stator (stator) and a rotor (rotor).
- stator stator
- rotor rotor
- IPM motor motor with a built-in permanent magnet
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for increasing the strength of the electromagnetic steel sheet itself used for the rotor core.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for strengthening work and quenching in order to strengthen only that part of the rotor core because the part of the rotor core that needs to be strengthened is the bridge part as described above.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for reinforcing a rotor from the outside with a ring or the like in order to increase the strength of the entire rotor core.
- Patent Document 1 has a drawback that the punching property of the blank of the rotor core is lowered because the strength of the magnetic steel sheet itself is increased.
- the decrease in punching property causes a decrease in blank accuracy at the time of punching, a decrease in punching speed, or a decrease in die wear at the time of punching.
- Patent Document 2 since an additional step of strengthening only the bridge portion is required when manufacturing the rotor core, the cost increases. Further, in the technique of Patent Document 3, a ring or the like for reinforcing the rotor from the outside is required, which increases the cost.
- Examples of the surface hardening method include transformation strengthening of the steel itself represented by quenching, precipitation strengthening to generate a second phase by nitriding, carburizing, etc., and work hardening in which strain is introduced by shot peening or the like. Both require additional steps.
- an object of the present invention to achieve both fatigue strength and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets without adding an additional step to the conventional manufacturing method. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a non-oriented electrical steel sheet which is excellent in fatigue strength and magnetic properties and also excellent in cost.
- the present inventors have diligently studied to form a surface-hardened layer on a silicon steel sheet which is a base steel sheet of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet by utilizing a manufacturing process of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet. did.
- an internal oxide layer can be formed on the surface of the silicon steel plate, and the hardness of the internal oxide layer can be controlled to harden the surface, thereby increasing the fatigue strength. I found that I could do it.
- the steel sheet having the adjusted steel composition is subjected to a heat-retaining heat treatment at the time of cooling after hot rolling and the heat-retaining conditions are appropriately controlled, the average thickness of the oxide and the internal oxide layer in the internal oxide layer is controlled. It was found that the heat treatment can be controlled and the hardness of this internal oxide layer can be controlled. That is, it was found that a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having both fatigue strength and magnetic characteristics can be obtained without adding a new process.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to one aspect of the present invention includes a silicon steel sheet and an insulating film, and the silicon steel sheet has a component composition of Si: more than 2.00% and 4.00%.
- Si more than 2.00% and 4.00%.
- Al 0.10% or more and 3.00% or less
- Mn 0.10% or more and 2.00% or less
- C 0.0030% or less
- P 0.050% or less
- S 0.005%
- N 0.005% or less
- Sn 0% or more and 0.40% or less
- Cu 0% or more and 1.00% or less
- Sb 0% or more and 0.40% or less
- REM 0% or more and 0.
- the silicon steel sheet has a SiO 2 phase on the surface when viewed from the cut surface. It has an internal oxide layer containing, and the average thickness of the internal oxide layer is 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less, and the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer is 1. It is 15 times or more and 1.5 times or less.
- the silicon steel sheet has a component composition of Sn: 0.02% or more and 0.40% or less, Cu: 0.10% or more 1 in mass%. It may contain at least one of .00% or less and Sb: 0.02% or more and 0.40% or less.
- the silicon steel sheet has a component composition of REM: 0.0005% or more and 0.0400% or less, Ca: 0. At least one of 0005% or more and 0.0400% or less and Mg: 0.0005% or more and 0.0400% or less may be contained.
- the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer may be 155 Hv or more.
- the average thickness of the internal oxide layer may be 0.55 ⁇ m or more.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how an internal oxide layer is formed on a base steel sheet of a non-directional electromagnetic steel sheet according to this embodiment.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the electromagnetic steel sheet of the present invention") according to the present embodiment, the reason for limiting the component composition of the silicon steel sheet which is the base steel sheet will be described.
- the silicon steel sheet contains a basic element as a component composition, and if necessary, a selective element, and the balance is composed of Fe and impurities.
- Si, Al, and Mn are the basic elements (main alloying elements) in the composition of the silicon steel sheet.
- Si More than 2.00% and less than 4.00% Si (silicon) is an element that increases electrical resistance, reduces eddy current loss, and contributes to reduction of iron loss. It is an element that increases the yield ratio and contributes to the improvement of tensile strength and fatigue strength. Further, Si is also an element necessary for forming a SiO 2 phase in the internal oxide layer and curing the surface of the steel sheet, as will be described later.
- Si is set to more than 2.00%. It is preferably 2.10% or more, more preferably 2.30% or more, and more preferably 2.60% or more.
- Si is set to 4.00% or less. It is preferably 3.70% or less, more preferably 3.40% or less.
- Al 0.10% or more and 3.00% or less
- Al is also an element that increases electrical resistance to reduce eddy current loss and contributes to reduction of iron loss, like Si. However, it is also an element whose hardness increases less than that of Si. Further, Al is an element that increases the ratio of the magnetic flux density B 50 to the saturated magnetic flux density Bs: B 50 / Bs and contributes to the improvement of the magnetic flux density.
- Al should be 0.10% or more. It is preferably 0.30% or more, more preferably more than 0.50%, still more preferably 0.60% or more.
- Al exceeds 3.00%, the saturation magnetic flux density is lowered, the magnetic flux density is lowered, the yield ratio is lowered, and the tensile strength and the fatigue strength are lowered, so that Al is 3.00%. It is as follows. It is preferably 2.70% or less, more preferably 2.40% or less.
- Mn 0.10% or more and 2.00% or less Mn (manganese) increases electrical resistance to reduce eddy current loss and produces ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 112> texture, which is undesirable for magnetic properties. It is an element that acts as an inhibitor.
- Mn is set to 0.10% or more. It is preferably 0.15% or more, more preferably 0.20% or more, still more preferably more than 0.60%, still more preferably 0.70% or more. On the other hand, if Mn exceeds 2.00%, the growth potential of crystal grains during annealing decreases and iron loss increases, so Mn is set to 2.00% or less. It is preferably 1.70% or less, more preferably 1.50% or less.
- the silicon steel sheet contains impurities as a component composition.
- impurities refer to those mixed from ore or scrap as a raw material, from the manufacturing environment, etc. when steel is industrially manufactured. For example, it means an element such as C, P, S, N. These impurities are preferably limited as follows in order to fully exert the effects of the present embodiment. Further, since the content of impurities is preferably small, it is not necessary to limit the lower limit value, and the lower limit value of impurities may be 0%.
- C is an impurity element that increases iron loss and causes magnetic aging. If C exceeds 0.003%, iron loss increases and magnetic aging occurs remarkably. Therefore, C is set to 0.0030% or less. It is preferably 0.0020% or less, more preferably 0.0010% or less. Although the lower limit includes 0%, it is difficult to set it to 0% in terms of production technology, and 0.0001% is a practical lower limit in practice.
- P 0.050% or less
- P (phosphorus) is an impurity element that embrittles the steel sheet, although it may contribute to the improvement of tensile strength. If P exceeds 0.050%, the steel sheet containing 2.00% or more of Si becomes extremely brittle, so P is set to 0.050% or less. It is preferably 0.030% or less, more preferably 0.020% or less. Although the lower limit includes 0%, it is difficult to set it to 0% in terms of production technology, and 0.002% is a practical lower limit in practice.
- S is an impurity element that forms fine sulfides such as MnS and inhibits recrystallization and grain growth during finish annealing. If S exceeds 0.005%, recrystallization and grain growth during finish annealing are significantly inhibited, so S is set to 0.005% or less. It is preferably 0.003% or less, more preferably 0.002% or less. Although the lower limit includes 0%, it is difficult to set it to 0% in terms of production technology, and 0.0003% is a practical lower limit in practice.
- N is an impurity element that forms fine nitrides such as AlN and inhibits recrystallization and grain growth during finish annealing. If N exceeds 0.005%, recrystallization and grain growth during finish annealing are significantly inhibited, so N is set to 0.005% or less. It is preferably 0.003% or less, more preferably 0.002% or less. Although the lower limit includes 0%, it is difficult to set it to 0% in terms of production technology, and 0.0005% is a practical lower limit in practice.
- the silicon steel plate may contain a selective element in addition to the basic elements and impurities described above.
- Sn, Cu, Sb, REM, Ca, and Mg may be contained as selective elements in place of a part of Fe, which is the balance described above.
- These selective elements may be contained according to the purpose. Therefore, it is not necessary to limit the lower limit of these selective elements, and the lower limit may be 0%. Further, even if these selective elements are contained as impurities, the above effects are not impaired.
- Sn 0% or more and 0.40% or less
- Cu 0% or more and 1.00% or less
- Sb 0% or more and 0.40% or less
- Sn (tin), Cu (copper), Sb (antimony) are desirable for magnetic properties. None ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 112> It is an element that suppresses the formation of texture, controls the oxidation of the surface of the steel plate, and regulates the grain growth. Further, Sn, Cu, and Sb are also elements that have an action of appropriately controlling the thickness of the internal oxide layer in the hot-rolled steel sheet.
- Sn exceeds 0.40%
- Cu exceeds 1.00%
- Sb exceeds 0.40%
- the addition effect is saturated, crystal grain growth during finish annealing is suppressed, and the steel sheet is made of steel sheet. Since the workability is lowered and the material becomes brittle during cold rolling, Sn is 0.40% or less, Cu is 1.00% or less, and Sb is 0.40% or less.
- Sn is 0.30% or less
- Cu is 0.60% or less
- Sb is 0.30% or less
- more preferably Sn is 0.20% or less
- Cu is 0.40% or less
- Sb is 0. .20% or less.
- the lower limit of Sn, Cu, and Sb is not particularly limited and may be 0%.
- Sn may be 0.02% or more
- Cu may be 0.10% or more
- Sb may be 0.02% or more.
- Sn is 0.03% or more
- Cu is 0.20% or more
- Sb is 0.03% or more
- Cu is 0.30% or more
- Sb is 0. It is 0.05% or more.
- the silicon steel plate has a component composition of Sn: 0.02% or more and 0.40% or less, Cu: 0.10% or more and 1.00% or less, and Sb: 0.02% or more in mass%. It is preferable to contain at least one of 0.40% or less.
- REM 0% or more and 0.0400% or less Ca: 0% or more and 0.0400% or less Mg: 0% or more and 0.0400% or less REM (Rare Earth Metal), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium) is S It is an element that is fixed as a sulfide or acid sulfide, suppresses fine precipitation of MnS and the like, and promotes recrystallization and crystal grain growth during finish annealing.
- REM, Ca, and Mg exceed 0.0400%, sulfide or acid sulfide is excessively generated, and recrystallization and grain growth during finish annealing are inhibited. Therefore, all of REM, Ca, and Mg are used. , 0.0400% or less. Preferably, each element is 0.0300% or less, more preferably 0.0200% or less.
- the lower limit of REM, Ca, and Mg is not particularly limited and may be 0%. In order to obtain the above effect preferably, all of REM, Ca and Mg may be 0.0005% or more. Preferably, each element is 0.0010% or more, more preferably 0.0050% or more.
- the silicon steel plate has a component composition of REM: 0.0005% or more and 0.0400% or less, Ca: 0.0005% or more and 0.0400% or less, Mg: 0.0005% or more in mass%. It is preferable to contain at least one of 0.0400% or less.
- REM refers to a total of 17 elements of Sc, Y and lanthanoid, and is at least one of them.
- the content of REM means the total content of at least one of these elements.
- lanthanoids they are industrially added in the form of misch metal.
- the above steel composition may be measured by a general analysis method for steel.
- the steel component may be measured using ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry).
- C and S may be measured using the combustion-infrared absorption method
- N may be measured using the inert gas melting-thermal conductivity method
- O may be measured using the inert gas melting-non-dispersion infrared absorption method.
- the above-mentioned component composition is the component composition of the silicon steel sheet, and when the silicon steel sheet as the measurement sample has an insulating film or the like on the surface, the component composition obtained by removing the insulating film or the like is used. is there.
- the non-directional electromagnetic steel plate having the insulating coating or the like is immersed in the order of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and nitric acid aqueous solution, washed, and warm air is used. There is a way to dry with. By this series of treatments, a silicon steel plate from which the insulating film has been removed can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet 1 according to the present embodiment includes a silicon steel sheet 11 and an insulating coating 15 arranged on the silicon steel sheet 11 when viewed from a cut surface whose cutting direction is parallel to the plate thickness direction.
- the silicon steel plate has an internal oxide layer 13 on its surface.
- the internal oxide layer 13 contains a SiO 2- phase 131.
- the internal oxide layer is a region in which an oxide phase such as Si is dispersed in a particle or layer inside a silicon steel plate.
- the internal oxide layer contains a SiO 2 phase.
- the effect of improving fatigue strength can be obtained by finely and densely depositing the SiO 2 phase in the internal oxide layer and controlling the hardness of the internal oxide layer.
- the steel sheet In order to finely and densely deposit the SiO 2 phase in the internal oxide layer, it is necessary for the steel sheet to contain more than 2.00% of Si. On top of that, it is necessary to appropriately control the heat treatment during cooling after hot rolling.
- ⁇ Average thickness of internal oxide layer > Average thickness of internal oxide layer: 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less If the average thickness of the internal oxide layer is less than 0.10 ⁇ m, the effect of improving fatigue strength cannot be obtained, so the average thickness of the internal oxide layer Is 0.10 ⁇ m or more. It is preferably more than 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.55 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, if the average thickness of the internal oxide layer exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, the magnetic properties deteriorate, and in particular, the iron loss increases. Therefore, the average thickness of the internal oxide layer is set to 5.0 ⁇ m or less. It is preferably 4.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer is controlled to a value higher than the Vickers hardness of the central portion of the steel sheet. That is, in the present embodiment, the fatigue strength is improved by increasing only the strength of the target portion without increasing the strength of the electromagnetic steel sheet itself.
- the plate thickness range of 5/8 to 3/8 of the silicon steel sheet is defined as the central portion. If the Vickers hardness of the central portion is less than 120 Hv, sufficient fatigue strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the Vickers hardness of the central portion is set to 120 Hv or more. It is preferably 150 Hv or more, more preferably 170 Hv or more.
- the Vickers hardness of the central portion exceeds 300 Hv, the entire steel sheet is too hard and the punching workability is lowered. Therefore, the Vickers hardness of the central portion is set to 300 Hv or less. It is preferably 270 Hv or less, more preferably 250 Hv or less.
- the Vickers hardness in the central part can be controlled by strengthening the solid solution of Si, Al, and Mn into Fe and the crystal grain size after finish annealing.
- the contents of Si, Al, and Mn may be determined, and the crystal grain size after finish annealing may be determined in consideration of the required magnetic properties, processability during cold spreading, manufacturing cost, and the like.
- the crystal grain size also affects the magnetic properties, especially the iron loss.
- the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer is the Vickers hardness of the central portion. Make it 1.15 times or more the Vickers hardness. It is preferably 1.20 times or more, more preferably 1.25 times or more.
- the upper limit of Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer is not particularly specified from the viewpoint of improving fatigue strength.
- the Vickers hardness of the internally obtained oxide layer is about 1.5 times the Vickers hardness of the central portion at the maximum.
- the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer may be 1.15 times or more the Vickers hardness of the central portion, and may be 138 Hv or more. However, the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer is preferably 155 Hv or more, more preferably 180 Hv or more, and further preferably 200 Hv or more. The Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer may be 400 Hv or less, more preferably 300 Hv or less.
- the above-mentioned structure observation and hardness measurement of the internal oxide layer and the central portion of the silicon steel plate may be performed by a general observation / measurement method.
- it may be performed by the following method.
- a test piece is cut out from the non-directional electromagnetic steel plate so that the cutting direction is parallel to the plate thickness direction (specifically, the test piece is cut out so that the cut surface is parallel to the plate thickness direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction).
- the cross-sectional structure of this cut surface is observed by SEM (Scanning Electron Parallel) at a magnification at which each layer is included in the observation field of view.
- SEM Sccanning Electron Parallel
- the constituent phases of the cross-sectional structure can be inferred.
- the silicon steel plate can be identified as a light color
- the SiO 2 phase in the internal oxide layer as a dark color
- the insulating film as an intermediate color.
- the constituent phases can be specified in detail by performing a quantitative analysis of the component composition using SEM-EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy).
- whether or not the internal oxide layer is present in the surface region of the silicon steel plate may be specified by SEM and SEM-EDX. Specifically, it is confirmed whether or not there is a region where the SiO 2 phase is observed from the interface between the silicon steel plate and the upper layer toward the depth direction of the silicon steel plate.
- a precipitate having an atomic ratio of Si to O of approximately 1: 2 may be specified by EDX in the observation field.
- EDX a precipitate having an atomic ratio of Si to O of approximately 1: 2 may be specified by EDX in the observation field. For example, in the above observation field, sets the straight line along the thickness direction as a reference line, this on the reference line to check whether an area in which SiO 2 phase is observed is present, SiO 2 phases was observed If a region exists in the silicon steel plate, it is determined that this region is an internal oxide layer. Further, the line segment (length) on the reference line of this region may be the thickness of the internal oxide layer.
- the average thickness of the internal oxide layer may be determined as follows. In the SEM image, observe a region of about 100 ⁇ m or more in the plane direction of the steel sheet. Then, 10 or more of the above reference lines are set at equal intervals, and the thickness of the internal oxide layer is obtained on each reference line. The average value of the obtained internal oxide layer thickness is defined as the average thickness of the internal oxide layer.
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- Vickers hardness can be measured by the method described in JIS Z 2244: 2009. For the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer, the indentation of the Vickers hardness must remain in the internal oxide layer, and the measured load in that case is 9.8 ⁇ 10-5 to 9.8 ⁇ 10 -2. Between N is preferable.
- the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer may be measured according to the thickness of the internal oxide layer, and if a load for obtaining the maximum indentation within the thickness range of the internal oxide layer is appropriately set, It can be measured more accurately.
- the load may be a load exceeding the above load range.
- the indentation diameter is usually measured using an optical microscope, but in order to measure with high accuracy, the indentation diameter may be measured at a magnification of 1000 times or more using an electron microscope such as SEM. ..
- the Vickers hardness of the central portion of the steel sheet is preferably the same as the measured load of the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer.
- the indentation diameter is smaller than the crystal grain size of the steel sheet, it is desirable to provide the indentation while avoiding the crystal grain boundaries and measure the indentation diameter.
- the measured load is set from 1 gf (9.8 x 10 -2 N), but the load is precisely controlled to reduce the load, and the indentation is internally oxidized. It is desirable to set the load so that it stays inside the layer and measure the Vickers hardness.
- the measured value can be converted to Vickers hardness using the nanoindening method. Good.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- molten steel having an adjusted composition is cast, hot-rolled, heat-treated at the time of cooling after hot-rolling, pickled, cold-rolled, and then finish-annealed to make a silicon steel sheet.
- a non-oriented electrical steel sheet is manufactured by providing an insulating film on the upper layer of the silicon steel sheet.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how an internal oxide layer is formed on the base steel plate.
- FIG. 3 (A) shows the state after hot rolling
- FIG. 3 (B) shows the state after heat treatment
- FIG. 3 (C) shows the state after pickling
- FIG. 3 (D) shows the cold state. The state after inter-rolling is shown.
- the external oxide layer 17 is formed on the surface of the base steel sheet 11 by hot rolling. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3B, oxygen is diffused from the external oxide layer 17 into the base steel sheet 11 by the heat treatment during cooling after hot rolling to form the internal oxide layer 13. .. At this time, it is preferable to finely and densely deposit the SiO 2- phase 131 in the internal oxide layer 13 by controlling the conditions of the heat treatment.
- the external oxide layer 17 on the surface of the base steel sheet 11 is removed by pickling.
- a part of the internal oxide layer 13 may be removed by pickling to control the thickness of the internal oxide layer 13.
- the internal oxide layer 13 on the surface of the base steel plate 11 is extended in the rolling direction L by cold rolling. After cold rolling, the internal oxide layer 13 may remain as it is, or if the thickness of the internal oxide layer 13 is excessive, a part of the internal oxide layer 13 is removed by pickling or the like to remove the inside. The thickness of the oxide layer 13 may be controlled.
- finish annealing is performed in an atmosphere containing nitrogen and hydrogen to promote recrystallization and grain growth of the base steel sheet to obtain a silicon steel sheet in which an internal oxide layer containing a SiO 2 phase is present on the surface. be able to.
- An insulating film may be applied to the surface of the silicon steel plate.
- the insulating coating is generally a coating called a semi-organic coating.
- a film composed of chromic acid and an organic resin disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 or a film composed of a phosphate and an organic resin disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 is generally used.
- the amount of the insulating coating adhered is preferably 0.1 to 5 gm- 2 per side.
- the silicon steel sheet has an inner oxide layer, SiO 2 phase is included in the inner oxide layer is 0.10 ⁇ m or more 5.0 ⁇ m or less the average thickness of the inner oxide layer
- the Vickers hardness of the central portion of the steel plate is 120 Hv or more and 300 Hv or less
- the Vickers hardness of the internal oxide layer is 1.15 times or more and 1.5 times or less of the Vickers hardness of the central portion. It is a feature.
- the silicon steel plate having the above characteristics may be manufactured by, for example, the following method.
- ⁇ Hot rolling> The slab with the adjusted composition is heated and hot-rolled. At this time, the heating temperature is set to 1200 ° C. or lower so that the iron loss does not worsen due to the solid solution and precipitation of sulfide and the like in the steel. Further, in order to secure a finishing temperature of 900 ° C. or higher, the heating temperature is 1080 ° C. or higher.
- the lower limit of the finishing temperature is set to 900 ° C.
- the upper limit of the finishing temperature is set to 1000 ° C.
- an external oxide layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet so that the internal oxide layer is appropriately formed during the heat treatment after hot rolling.
- the formation of the external oxide layer may be controlled by the temperature and holding time during hot rolling.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet retains heat during cooling after hot rolling.
- the crystal grain size is coarsened to 20 ⁇ m or more, and oxygen contained in the external oxide layer generated on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet is diffused into the hot-rolled steel sheet to form an internal oxide layer.
- the internal oxide layer mainly contains an external oxide layer formed during hot rolling, specifically, an external oxide layer containing wustite and hematite as an oxygen source, and oxygen diffuses inside the steel sheet during heat treatment. Is formed by.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is placed in an atmosphere where the oxygen partial pressure is 10-15 Pa or more, in a temperature range of 850 ° C or less and 700 ° C or more, and in a time of 10 minutes or more and 3 hours or less.
- the oxygen partial pressure is 10-15 Pa or more, in a temperature range of 850 ° C or less and 700 ° C or more, and in a time of 10 minutes or more and 3 hours or less.
- the heat retention temperature exceeds 850 ° C.
- the average thickness of the internal oxide layer becomes thick. Therefore, since the average thickness of the internal oxide layer exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m even after cold rolling, a load may be applied to pickling to reduce the thickness of the internal oxide layer.
- the heat retention temperature is preferably 850 ° C. or lower.
- the heat retention temperature is preferably 700 ° C. or higher, more preferably 750 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 800 ° C. or higher in order to finely and densely precipitate the SiO 2 phase, although it depends on the Si concentration in the steel.
- the heat retention time is preferably 10 minutes or more in order to grow the crystal grains of the hot-rolled steel sheet to 20 ⁇ m or more. Further, the heat retention time is preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 20 minutes or more, and further preferably 30 minutes or more in order to finely and densely precipitate the SiO 2 phase.
- the upper limit of the heat retention time is not particularly limited, but if the heat retention time is excessive, the crystal grain boundaries become brittle near the surface of the steel sheet, and subsequent pickling and cold rolling cause cracks and breakage.
- the heat retention time is preferably 3 hours or less because it becomes easy.
- the atmosphere of the heat treatment is preferably an oxygen partial pressure of 10 to 15 Pa or more.
- the atmosphere is preferably a mixed atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- an external oxide layer of 1 ⁇ m or more is formed during hot rolling, and heat retention is performed after adjusting so as to block contact between the steel sheet surface and the atmosphere during heat retention. For example, if heat is retained after winding a hot-rolled steel sheet, the surface of the steel sheet is in contact with each other except for the outermost surface of the coil. Therefore, the contact between the surface of the steel sheet and the atmosphere during heat retention is preferably cut off. Can be done.
- the steel sheet contains Sn, Cu, and Sb
- these elements suppress the formation and growth of the internal oxide layer, so that the heat retention temperature can be increased within the above range.
- the crystal grain size can be preferably coarsened while suppressing the excessive growth of the internal oxide layer.
- the heat retention temperature is set to 800 ° C. or higher, an internal oxide layer having an appropriate thickness can be formed, and at the same time, the magnetic flux density can be preferably improved.
- the amount of pickling may be controlled during the pickling treatment to adjust the internal oxide layer to an appropriate thickness.
- the mechanism by which the formation and growth of the internal oxide layer is suppressed when the steel sheet contains Sn, Cu, and Sb is that these elements segregate between the external oxide layer and the steel and are contained in the external oxide layer. It is considered that this is because the oxygen is prevented from diffusing into the steel sheet.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet was cooled to near room temperature after hot rolling, then heated again and annealed by hot-rolling sheet holding in a temperature range of 800 to 1000 ° C. for about 1 minute.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet in order to preferably control the internal oxide layer, is heat-retained under the above conditions during cooling after hot rolling. Then, after the heat-retained steel sheet is cooled to near room temperature, it is subjected to pickling and cold rolling without hot-rolling sheet annealing.
- the base steel sheet after the heat treatment is pickled.
- the amount of pickling (weight loss after pickling) varies depending on the state of the external oxide layer and the internal oxide layer on the surface of the steel sheet, the acid type used for pickling, the concentration, and the temperature. In pickling, the external oxide layer may be dissolved and the internal oxide layer may be reduced to the desired thickness.
- the amount of pickling it is effective to shorten the pickling time, lower the temperature of the pickling solution, or add a commercially available pickling inhibitor (polyamine or the like).
- the pickling inhibitor contains, for example, a polyamine as a main component, and this polymer has a property of being easily adsorbed on an unshared electron pair of an iron atom.
- the adhesion of the polymer to the surface of the steel sheet reduces the area in contact with the acid and suppresses the pickling rate.
- Formic acid and the like are known as additives that enhance this effect.
- the pickling accelerator has a property of easily forming a coordination bond with a chelating agent for iron atoms, that is, iron ions.
- a chelating agent for iron atoms that is, iron ions.
- the base steel sheet after pickling is cold-rolled.
- the cold reduction rate is preferably 50 to 90% from the viewpoint of increasing the magnetic flux density.
- the cold rolling ratio is a cumulative cold rolling ratio, and is obtained by (plate thickness before cold rolling-plate thickness after cold rolling) / plate thickness before cold rolling ⁇ 100. It is desirable to calculate back from the plate thickness of the final product and determine it in consideration of the cold rolling ratio, cold rollability, etc.
- Finish annealing is a step of recrystallizing a cold-rolled steel sheet and adjusting the crystal grain size to obtain magnetic characteristics, particularly good magnetic flux density and iron loss characteristics. Atmosphere is important for finish annealing. Since the magnetic properties deteriorate when the steel sheet is oxidized, the oxygen concentration in the finish annealing atmosphere is preferably several tens of ppm or less.
- the atmosphere gas is preferably a nitrogen atmosphere or an argon atmosphere, and if necessary, hydrogen may be added in order to prevent oxidation of the steel sheet. If the hydrogen concentration is excessively increased, the internal oxide layer is reduced, and the fine SiO 2 phase that contributes to the increase in fatigue strength is reduced.
- the finish annealing temperature is preferably 700 ° C. or higher at which recrystallization of the steel sheet occurs. If the finish annealing temperature is too low, recrystallization will be inadequate. On the other hand, if the finish annealing temperature is too high, the fine SiO 2 phase contained in the internal oxide layer grows, and the fatigue strength improving effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the finish annealing temperature is preferably 1150 ° C. or lower.
- the insulating film is formed on the silicon steel sheet after finish annealing.
- the insulating film may be, for example, a film composed of chromic acid and an organic resin, or a film composed of a phosphate and an organic resin.
- the amount of the insulating coating adhered is preferably 0.1 to 5 gm- 2 per side.
- the conditions in the examples are one condition example adopted for confirming the feasibility and effect of the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to this one-condition example.
- various conditions can be adopted as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated and the object of the present invention is achieved.
- Example 1 After casting the molten steel with the adjusted composition, the silicon steel sheet was manufactured by controlling the manufacturing conditions in each process.
- the chemical composition is shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the production conditions are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet having a plate thickness of 2.0 mm was produced by heating at a heating temperature of 1180 ° C. and hot rolling under the condition that the output side temperature of finish rolling was 970 ° C.
- a layer containing about 10 ⁇ m of Fe 3 O 4 as a main component was formed on the surface as an external oxide layer.
- the produced hot-rolled steel sheet was subjected to heat-retaining heat treatment at the temperatures and times shown in Tables 3 and 4 in an atmosphere where the oxygen partial pressure was 10-15 Pa or more during cooling after hot rolling to crystallize.
- the grains were grown to 20 ⁇ m or more, and an internal oxide layer was formed.
- the sample described as "heat-rolled sheet annealing" in the "heat retention” column in Table 4 was cooled to room temperature without heat retention during cooling after hot rolling, and then in an atmosphere of 100% nitrogen. Then, the hot-rolled plate was annealed at 800 ° C. for 60 seconds.
- a steel sheet that has been hot-rolled and then heat-retained or hot-rolled and annealed is immersed in hydrochloric acid (10% by mass) at 85 ° C. to which the additives (0.05% by mass) shown in Tables 3 and 4 are added for 30 seconds. By doing so, pickling was performed.
- the pickled steel sheet was cold-rolled at a reduction ratio of 75% to prepare a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- This cold-rolled steel sheet was finish-annealed at 1000 ° C. for 30 seconds in a furnace with a 10% hydrogen + 90% nitrogen atmosphere. The atmospheric dew point in the furnace at this time was ⁇ 30 ° C. Further, a phosphoric acid-based insulating film having an average thickness of 1 ⁇ m was formed on the silicon steel sheet after finish annealing.
- B 50 and W 15/50 Magnetic characteristics (B 50 and W 15/50 ) A 55 mm square sample was cut and collected from the manufactured non-oriented electrical steel sheet, and B 50 (magnetic flux density of the steel sheet when the steel sheet was magnetized with a magnetization force of 5000 A / m) by Single Sheet Tester (SST), unit: T (Tesla)) and W 15/50 (iron loss when the steel sheet was magnetized to a magnetic flux density of 1.5 T at 50 Hz) were measured.
- SST Single Sheet Tester
- W 15/50 iron loss when the steel sheet was magnetized to a magnetic flux density of 1.5 T at 50 Hz
- Fatigue strength A sample corresponding to the No. 5 test piece specified in Annex B of JIS Z 2241: 2011 was collected from the manufactured non-directional electromagnetic steel sheet by electric discharge machining from the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and under the following conditions. A fatigue test was performed. A test was conducted in which the stress ratio was kept constant and the minimum stress and the maximum stress were changed accordingly, and the stress conditions that did not break two or more out of three samples with 2 million repetitions were obtained, and the average stress ((( The fatigue strength was defined as the minimum stress + maximum stress) ⁇ 2).
- the fatigue test was carried out under the condition that the average stress was in increments of ⁇ 10 MPa, and the condition that two or more of the three samples did not break at 2 million repetitions was determined, and the average strength at that time was defined as the fatigue strength.
- Test conditions Test method Partial swing test Stress ratio 0.05 Frequency 20Hz Number of repetitions 2 million times Number of samples 1 Stress level 3 Fatigue strength evaluation criteria Pass: Average stress 200 MPa or more Fail: Average stress less than 200 MPa
- the cross section of the manufactured non-directional electromagnetic steel sheet is polished, and an SEM image is taken at 1000 times using a backscattered electron image to obtain the front and back surfaces of the steel sheet. , A region of about 100 ⁇ m or more was observed in the plane direction of the steel sheet. If necessary, the cross section of the manufactured non-oriented electrical steel sheet was observed by TEM.
- the structure of the internal oxide layer and the central portion of the silicon steel plate and the hardness measurement were carried out based on the above method.
- the average thickness of the internal oxide layer was calculated from a total of 20 locations.
- For Vickers hardness a total of 10 indentations were formed in each of the internal oxide layer and the central part under a measured load of 0.03 gf (2.94 ⁇ 10 -3 N), and each indentation (SEM). The diagonal length of the diamond) was measured, and the average value was calculated from a total of 10 locations. If necessary, the value measured using the nanoindenation method was converted to Vickers hardness.
- the chemical composition of the manufactured silicon steel sheet is shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the manufacturing conditions and evaluation results are shown in Tables 3 to 6.
- the chemical composition of the molten steel and the chemical composition of the silicon steel plate were substantially the same.
- the underlined values in the table indicate that they are outside the scope of the present invention. Further, in the table, regarding the composition of the silicon steel sheet, "-" indicates that the alloying element was not intentionally added.
- Test No. In the examples of the present invention of B1 to B26, since the component composition of the silicon steel sheet, the internal oxide layer, and the central portion of the steel sheet were preferably controlled, they were excellent in magnetic properties and fatigue strength as non-oriented electrical steel sheets. That is, these test Nos. In B1 to B26, non-oriented electrical steel sheets having excellent fatigue strength and magnetic properties were obtained without adding a new step for surface hardening.
- non-oriented electrical steel sheet which is excellent in fatigue strength and magnetic characteristics and also excellent in cost. Therefore, it is possible to provide non-oriented electrical steel sheets that are suitable as iron core materials for electrical equipment, particularly as iron core materials for rotary machines, small and medium-sized transformers, electrical components, etc., and are particularly suitable as rotor cores for IPM motors. Further, it is possible to provide a non-oriented electrical steel sheet that can sufficiently meet the demand for high efficiency, high speed and miniaturization of a rotating machine in the field of electrical equipment. Therefore, it has high industrial applicability.
- Non-oriented electrical steel sheet 11 Silicon steel sheet (base steel sheet) 13 Internal oxide layer 131 SiO 2- phase 15 Insulation coating (tension coating) 17 External oxide layer L Rolling direction
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Abstract
Description
(2)上記(1)に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板では、珪素鋼板が、成分組成として、質量%で、Sn:0.02%以上0.40%以下、Cu:0.10%以上1.00%以下、Sb:0.02%以上0.40%以下の少なくとも1種を含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板では、珪素鋼板が、成分組成として、質量%で、REM:0.0005%以上0.0400%以下、Ca:0.0005%以上0.0400%以下、Mg:0.0005%以上0.0400%以下の少なくとも1種を含有してもよい。
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の無方向性電磁鋼板では、内部酸化層のビッカース硬さが、155Hv以上であってもよい。
(5)上記(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の無方向性電磁鋼板では、内部酸化層の平均厚さが、0.55μm以上であってもよい。
本実施形態では、珪素鋼板が、成分組成として、基本元素を含み、必要に応じて選択元素を含み、残部がFe及び不純物からなる。
Si(シリコン)は、電気抵抗を増大させて渦電流損を減少させ、鉄損の低減に寄与する元素であり、また、固溶強化で鋼板の降伏比を高めて、引張強度及び疲労強度の向上に寄与する元素である。さらに、Siは、後述するように、内部酸化層内にSiO2相を生成させ、鋼板表面を硬化させるのに必要な元素でもある。
Al(アルミニウム)も、Siと同様に、電気抵抗を増大させて渦電流損を減少させ、鉄損の低減に寄与する作元素である。ただ、Siに比較して、硬さの上昇が小さい元素でもある。また、Alは、飽和磁束密度Bsに対する磁束密度B50の比率:B50/Bsを高め、磁束密度の向上に寄与する元素である。
Mn(マンガン)は、電気抵抗を増大させて渦電流損を低減するとともに、磁気特性に対して望ましくない{111}<112>集合組織の生成を抑制する作用をなす元素である。
C(炭素)は、鉄損を高めるとともに、磁気時効の原因ともなる不純物元素である。Cが0.003%を超えると、鉄損が増大するとともに、磁気時効が著しく生じるので、Cは0.0030%以下とする。好ましくは0.0020%以下、より好ましくは0.0010%以下である。下限は0%を含むが、生産技術上0%にすることは困難であり、実用上、0.0001%が実質的な下限である。
P(燐)は、引張強度の向上に寄与することもあるが、鋼板を脆化させる不純物元素である。Pが0.050%を超えると、Siを2.00%以上含有する鋼板が著しく脆くなるので、Pは0.050%以下とする。好ましくは0.030%以下、より好ましくは0.020%以下である。下限は0%を含むが、生産技術上0%にすることは困難であり、実用上、0.002%が実質的な下限である。
S(硫黄)は、MnS等の微細な硫化物を形成し、仕上げ焼鈍時の再結晶及び結晶粒成長を阻害する不純物元素である。Sが0.005%を超えると、仕上げ焼鈍時の再結晶及び結晶粒成長が著しく阻害されるので、Sは0.005%以下とする。好ましくは0.003%以下、より好ましくは0.002%以下である。下限は0%を含むが、生産技術上0%にすることは困難であり、実用上、0.0003%が実質的な下限である。
N(窒素)は、AlN等の微細な窒化物を形成し、仕上げ焼鈍時の再結晶及び結晶粒成長を阻害する不純物元素である。Nが0.005%を超えると、仕上げ焼鈍時の再結晶及び結晶粒成長が著しく阻害されるので、Nは0.005%以下とする。好ましくは0.003%以下、より好ましくは0.002%以下である。下限は0%を含むが、生産技術上0%にすることは困難であり、実用上、0.0005%が実質的な下限である。
Cu:0%以上1.00%以下
Sb:0%以上0.40%以下
Sn(スズ)、Cu(銅)、Sb(アンチモン)は、磁気特性に望ましくない{111}<112>集合組織の生成を抑制する作用をなすとともに、鋼板表面の酸化を制御し、かつ、結晶粒成長を整粒化する作用をなす元素である。また、Sn、Cu、Sbは、熱延鋼板における内部酸化層の厚さを適切に制御する作用をなす元素でもある。
Ca:0%以上0.0400%以下
Mg:0%以上0.0400%以下
REM(Rare Earth Metal)、Ca(カルシウム)、Mg(マグネシウム)は、Sを硫化物又は酸硫化物として固定し、MnS等の微細析出を抑制し、仕上げ焼鈍時の再結晶及び結晶粒成長を促進する作用をなす元素である。
内部酸化層は、SiO2相を含む。本実施形態では、内部酸化層中にSiO2相を微細かつ緻密に析出させて、内部酸化層の硬さを制御することで、疲労強度の向上効果が得られる。
内部酸化層の平均厚さ:0.10μm以上5.0μm以下
内部酸化層の平均厚さが0.10μm未満であると、疲労強度の向上効果が得られないので、内部酸化層の平均厚さは0.10μm以上とする。好ましくは0.5μm超、より好ましくは0.55μm以上、さらに好ましくは0.6μm以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.7μm以上であり、さらに好ましくは1.0μm以上である。一方、内部酸化層の平均厚さが5.0μmを超えると、磁気特性が低下、特に、鉄損が増大するので、内部酸化層の平均厚さは5.0μm以下とする。好ましくは4.0μm以下、より好ましくは3.0μm以下である。
本実施形態では、内部酸化層のビッカース硬さを、鋼板の中央部のビッカース硬さよりも高い値に制御する。すなわち、本実施形態では、電磁鋼板自体の強度を高めることなく、目的部位の強度のみを高めて、疲労強度を向上させる。
鋼板の中央部のビッカース硬さ:120Hv以上300Hv以下
切断方向が板厚方向と平行な切断面で見たとき、珪素鋼板の5/8~3/8の板厚範囲を中央部とする。この中央部のビッカース硬さが120Hv未満であると、十分な疲労強度が得られないので、中央部のビッカース硬さは120Hv以上とする。好ましくは150Hv以上、より好ましくは170Hv以上である。
内部酸化層のビッカース硬さ:中央部のビッカース硬さの1.15倍以上
SiO2相を内部酸化層中に微細かつ緻密に析出させて、内部酸化層の硬さを制御することで、疲労強度をより高めることができる。すなわち、本実施形態では、内部酸化層のビッカース硬さが、鋼板の中央部のビッカース硬さよりも大きくなる。
成分組成が調整された鋳片を加熱して熱間圧延する。この際、鋼中の硫化物などの固溶および析出に伴って鉄損が悪化しないように、加熱温度は1200℃以下とする。また、900℃以上の仕上げ温度を確保するために、加熱温度は1080℃以上とする。
熱間圧延後の冷却時に、熱延鋼板を保熱する。保熱処理では、結晶粒径を20μm以上に粗大化させ、また熱延鋼板の表面に生成した外部酸化層に含まれる酸素を熱延鋼板中に拡散させて内部酸化層を形成する。
保熱処理後の母材鋼板を酸洗する。酸洗量(酸洗後の重量減少)は、鋼板表面の外部酸化層及び内部酸化層の状態と、酸洗に使用する酸種や濃度や温度により変化する。酸洗では、外部酸化層を溶解し、内部酸化層を目的の厚さに減厚すればよい。
酸洗後の母材鋼板を冷間圧延する。冷間圧下率は50~90%であることが磁束密度を高める点で好ましい。なお、冷間圧下率は、累積の冷間圧下率であって、(冷間圧延前の板厚-冷間圧延後の板厚)÷冷間圧延前の板厚×100によって求められる。最終製品の板厚から逆算し、冷間圧下率及び冷間圧延性等を勘案して決定することが望ましい。
冷間圧延後の母材鋼板を仕上げ焼鈍する。仕上げ焼鈍は、冷延鋼板を再結晶させ、かつ、結晶粒径を調整して、磁気特性、特に、良好な磁束密度及び鉄損特性を得るための工程である。仕上げ焼鈍では、雰囲気が重要である。鋼板が酸化すると磁気特性が低下するので、仕上げ焼鈍雰囲気の酸素濃度は数十ppm以下とすることが好ましい。
成分組成を調整した溶鋼を鋳造後、各工程での製造条件を制御して珪素鋼板を製造した。化学組成を表1および表2に示し、製造条件を表3および表4に示す。なお、上記の製造時、加熱温度1180℃で加熱し、仕上げ圧延の出側温度が970℃の条件で熱間圧延して板厚2.0mmの熱延鋼板を作製した。その際、表面には約10μmのFe3O4を主成分とする層が外部酸化層として形成されていた。
製造した無方向性電磁鋼板から、55mm角の試料を切断して採取し、Single Sheet Tester(SST)により、B50(鋼板を磁化力5000A/mで磁化した場合の鋼板の磁束密度、単位:T(テスラ))及びW15/50(鋼板を50Hzで磁束密度1.5Tに磁化した時の鉄損)を測定した。
B50の評価基準
合格:1.65T以上 不合格:1.65T未満
W15/50の評価基準
合格:3.0W/kg以下 不合格:3.0W/kg超え
製造した無方向性電磁鋼板から、JIS Z 2241:2011の付属書Bに規定されている5号試験片に相当する試料を、鋼板の圧延方向から放電加工により採取し、以下の条件で疲労試験を行った。応力比を一定とし、それに応じた最小応力及び最大応力を変化させた試験を行い、試料数3個のうち、繰返し数200万回で2個以上破断しない応力条件を求め、その平均応力((最小応力+最大応力)÷2)を疲労強度とした。
試験条件
試験方法 部分片振り試験
応力比 0.05
周波数 20Hz
繰返し数 200万回
試料数 1応力水準 3個
疲労強度の評価基準
合格:平均応力200MPa以上 不合格:平均応力200MPa未満
製造した無方向性電磁鋼板の断面を研磨し、反射電子像を用い1000倍でSEM像を撮影して、鋼板の表面と裏面について、鋼板平面方向で約100μm以上の領域を観察した。必要に応じて、製造した無方向性電磁鋼板の断面をTEMによって観察した。
11 珪素鋼板(母材鋼板)
13 内部酸化層
131 SiO2相
15 絶縁被膜(張力被膜)
17 外部酸化層
L 圧延方向
Claims (5)
- 珪素鋼板と、絶縁被膜とを備える無方向性電磁鋼板において、
前記珪素鋼板が、成分組成として、質量%で、
Si:2.00%超4.00%以下、
Al:0.10%以上3.00%以下、
Mn:0.10%以上2.00%以下、
C:0.0030%以下、
P:0.050%以下、
S:0.005%以下、
N:0.005%以下、
Sn:0%以上0.40%以下、
Cu:0%以上1.00%以下、
Sb:0%以上0.40%以下、
REM:0%以上0.0400%以下、
Ca:0%以上0.0400%以下、
Mg:0%以上0.0400%以下
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物よりなり、
切断方向が板厚方向と平行な切断面で見たとき、前記珪素鋼板の5/8~3/8の板厚範囲である中央部のビッカース硬さが、120Hv以上300Hv以下であり、
前記切断面で見たとき、前記珪素鋼板が表面にSiO2相を含む内部酸化層を有し、前記内部酸化層の平均厚さが0.10μm以上5.0μm以下であり、前記内部酸化層のビッカース硬さが、前記中央部のビッカース硬さに対して、1.15倍以上1.5倍以下である
ことを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記珪素鋼板が、前記成分組成として、質量%で、
Sn:0.02%以上0.40%以下、
Cu:0.10%以上1.00%以下、
Sb:0.02%以上0.40%以下
の少なくとも1種を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記珪素鋼板が、前記成分組成として、質量%で、
REM:0.0005%以上0.0400%以下、
Ca:0.0005%以上0.0400%以下、
Mg:0.0005%以上0.0400%以下
の少なくとも1種を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又2に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記内部酸化層のビッカース硬さが、155Hv以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記内部酸化層の平均厚さが、0.55μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
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KR102683224B1 (ko) | 2024-07-10 |
EP3943632A1 (en) | 2022-01-26 |
US20220154304A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
CN113574194A (zh) | 2021-10-29 |
JPWO2020188812A1 (ja) | 2020-09-24 |
BR112021016820A2 (pt) | 2021-11-16 |
JP7173286B2 (ja) | 2022-11-16 |
KR20210125073A (ko) | 2021-10-15 |
EP3943632A4 (en) | 2022-07-27 |
CN113574194B (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
US11952641B2 (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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