WO2020188087A2 - Verfahren zur erfassung eines zustandes eines cvd-reaktors unter produktionsbedingungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erfassung eines zustandes eines cvd-reaktors unter produktionsbedingungen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020188087A2 WO2020188087A2 PCT/EP2020/057797 EP2020057797W WO2020188087A2 WO 2020188087 A2 WO2020188087 A2 WO 2020188087A2 EP 2020057797 W EP2020057797 W EP 2020057797W WO 2020188087 A2 WO2020188087 A2 WO 2020188087A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0227—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by cleaning or etching
- C23C16/0236—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by cleaning or etching by etching with a reactive gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4405—Cleaning of reactor or parts inside the reactor by using reactive gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/458—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4582—Rigid and flat substrates, e.g. plates or discs
- C23C16/4583—Rigid and flat substrates, e.g. plates or discs the substrate being supported substantially horizontally
- C23C16/4586—Elements in the interior of the support, e.g. electrodes, heating or cooling devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/46—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for heating the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/46—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for heating the substrate
- C23C16/463—Cooling of the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/46—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for heating the substrate
- C23C16/463—Cooling of the substrate
- C23C16/466—Cooling of the substrate using thermal contact gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a process chamber having CVD reactor, in which during a process in one or more process steps of a process phase in which a substrate is in the process chamber, by means of a control device according to one in the Control device stored recipe supplied control data in each case a process temperature, a pressure and a process gas flow is set in the process chamber mer, wherein during the process by means of sensors measurement data are determined from which a current "fingerprint" is calculated, which with a in the same way at one or several older processes determined historical "fingerprint” is compared.
- a CVD reactor is part of a coating system that carries out treatment phases of the substrate in the production process of coated semiconductor substrates according to recipes given by the operator of the system, in which substrates automahsch, semi-automatically or manually on a susceptor arranged within the CVD reactor be applied.
- the process chamber in which the susceptor is located is pumped out, rinsed and brought to a process temperature at which process gases are fed into the process chamber, so that a layer is deposited on the substrate surface.
- the treatment phase of the process can include a multitude of process steps that are carried out with different process parameters, i.e. at different temperatures, total pressures or process gas compositions.
- the CVD reactor is conditioned before or after a respective treatment phase.
- the CVD reactor will be calibrated prior to a treatment phase.
- the method can thus have a calibration or conditioning phase that precedes a process phase.
- process parameters in particular heat supply parameters and heat release parameters, are varied. These are parameters that influence the heat flow to the substrate or the heat output from the substrate.
- the substrate temperature changes.
- the values for various parameters can be determined with which a specified substrate temperature can be achieved.
- a conditioning phase the process chamber is to be brought into a defined target state.
- the conditioning phase usually also consists of a large number of steps, namely a large number of conditioning steps.
- the process chamber is brought to a conditioning temperature.
- a conditioning gas is introduced into the process chamber.
- the conditioning gas can be an etching gas, for example chlorine, or a compound containing a halogen.
- the conditioning gas can, however, also be another gas.
- the process chamber can be cleaned with the conditioning gas.
- the conditioning gas can also be used for precoating or surface conditioning of surfaces of the process chamber.
- At least one conditioning step is carried out according to fixed, predetermined process parameters.
- US Pat. No. 6,455,437 B1 and US 2004/0254762 A1 describe methods for operating a CVD reactor in which fingerprints are formed from measured values determined during the process. Every process step is a assigned individual fingerprint. Historical fingerprints formed in this way can be compared with current fingerprints in order to gain early knowledge about the operating status of the CVD reactor.
- US Pat. No. 7,212,950 B2 describes a method for operating a CVD reactor in which a number of identical CVD reactors are used in a factory. In order to recognize whether process data in the individual reactors are subject to a drift, characteristic "fingerprints" are formed from measurement data, which can be compared with one another.
- JP 2016213400 A describes a method for operating a CVD reactor in which process data is obtained during the process steps and is stored in a data collection.
- US Pat. No. 7,583,833 B2 describes a system and a method for quality assurance of a CVD deposition process in which measured values are determined during operation and compared with historical measured values.
- a method for determining the parameters in which a large number of values are determined in a calibration method that precedes the treatment method is known from US 2007/0195853 A1. From the multitude of values, the parameters are determined that provide an actual temperature that comes closest to a specified temperature. There, temperatures are increased step by step using a "setup recipe". In each step, temperature values are measured at several sensors. The values obtained form a matrix with which a calibrated thermal model is derived from a standard model that takes the thermal characteristics into account Model is calculated, which reflects the temperatures actually reached.
- the prior art described above makes it possible to compare processes with a sequence of identical process steps with regard to the stability of the process. If the control data is varied by the user, updated fingerprints must be obtained in order to analyze the stability of the processes later carried out with the same control data.
- the invention is based on the object of obtaining reliable knowledge of the thermal characteristics of the system status of a CVD reactor even if the user varies the control data in the process phase.
- At least one conditioning step be carried out with fixed, predetermined, unchangeable process parameters.
- Each of the large number of processes carried out in the production of coated semiconductor substrates has at least one first conditioning step, which can optionally be combined with second conditioning steps that have individual process parameters. sen.
- process data are determined at least during this first conditioning step and these process data are statistically evaluated with similar process data.
- the process data are, in particular, measured data such as a total pressure within the process chamber, a temperature within the process chamber or a measured partial pressure of a process gas.
- the process parameters are target temperatures, target pressures and target flows of process gases.
- the setpoints or actual values of bath temperatures, humidity values, etc. can also be used as process parameters or process data.
- the CVD reactor has a control device.
- the control device has a memory.
- a recipe according to which the process is carried out can be stored in the memory.
- the process can be divided into two phases, a conditioning phase in which the process chamber is conditioned in the absence of the substrates or in the presence of a dummy substrate, and a process phase in which a substrate located in the process chamber is processed, for example in the a substrate is coated with one or more layers. Both the process phase and the conditioning phase can each have several steps.
- the control device supplies control data for each process step and for each conditioning step, according to which a conditioning temperature or process temperature, a conditioning pressure or process pressure and a positioning gas flow or a process gas flow are set.
- the conditioning gas flow and the process gas flow can have a multiplicity of individual gas flows, for example a carrier gas flow and several reaction gas flows.
- measured values are recorded by means of suitable sensors at various points within the process chamber, but also outside the process chamber.
- the measured values can be partial pressures in a gas phase inside or outside the process chamber.
- the measurement data can but also temperatures at different locations inside or outside the process chamber.
- the measured data can be exhaust gas temperatures, temperatures of walls within the process chamber.
- a conditioning phase has several first conditioning steps, i.e. conditioning steps that are always carried out with the same process parameters, with these several first conditioning steps preferably following one another.
- the measured values that are measured during a conditioning step are stored.
- the historical measured values are treated statistically.
- the historical "fingerprint” can thus be the result of a Be calculation in which the measured values of conditioning steps carried out with identical process parameters are related.
- the current fingerprint to be compared with this historical “fingerprint” was obtained with measured values that have been determined in one or more conditioning steps that have the same process parameters as those used to determine the historical “fingerprint”. Minimum values, maximum values, mean values and standard deviations can be formed.
- the current process data are related to the historical statistical data obtained in this way in order to determine deviations of the CVD reactor or the CVD system from a target state.
- a production plant having a CVD reactor runs through the following production cycle, for example, with a predetermined one Algorithm, i.e. a calculation rule, calculates values or groups of values from the historical measured values and the current measured values, which are referred to here as "fingerprint".
- a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional window can be calculated from the statistical calculations in which a current "fingerprint.””must be in order to describe the current state of the CVD reactor as OK.
- the process is a production cycle that comprises several, almost completely automated phases, the main phases being a process phase and a conditioning phase.
- the process usually begins with the reactor being prepared to be loaded with substrates to be coated. For this purpose, uncoated substrates are brought into the process chamber from outside.
- the process chamber is prepared for the deposition process. This is followed by the deposition process, which represents a process phase and in which several coating processes can be carried out with different process parameters.
- a coating process can have several process steps.
- the CVD reactor is prepared for the transfer of the substrates from the process chamber.
- the process chamber is prepared for the conditioning steps.
- Several first and second conditioning steps are then carried out in a conditioning phase, with the second conditioning steps differing from the first conditioning steps in that the second conditioning steps are carried out with control parameters that change or that can be changed by the plant operator, and the first conditioning steps steps only have control parameters that are fixed, and in particular cannot be changed by the system operator, but only by the system manufacturer.
- the first conditioning steps are preferably part of each process, with some of the several processes that have identical first conditioning steps, process steps or second conditioning steps that are different from one another. can point. While in this first variant the conditioning steps can contain cleaning steps in which, for example, chlorine or ammonia is fed into the process chamber so that parasitic deposits on the walls of the process chamber are removed at elevated temperatures, the first conditioning steps of a second variant can be tempering steps be. This variant is essentially only carried out after maintenance of the process chamber, during which the process chamber was opened so that air has entered the interior of the process chamber. By heating the process chamber at high temperatures, for example at temperatures between 700 ° C. and 1200 ° C., any water adsorbed on the surfaces of walls in the process chamber is removed.
- the regulated process chamber temperature is increased in several steps from approximately 700 ° C. to approximately 1200 ° C. It can be provided that during each of these steps the heat flow from a heating device for heating the susceptor to a cooling device which is arranged above a process chamber ceiling is varied.
- the thermal resistance of the process chamber ceiling can be varied, for example, by feeding a temperature gas with changing thermal conductivity into a gap. The gap is located, for example, between a lower cover plate of the process chamber ceiling and an upper cover plate of the process chamber ceiling, which preferably rests against a temperature control body.
- a large number of measured values are recorded, in particular the process chamber ceiling temperature and a substrate temperature, which is measured on a dummy wafer arranged on a substrate holder.
- the measurements can be carried out with pyrometers.
- a value that can be compared with historical values can be obtained from measurements carried out at the same time. This value can be a single reading. However, it can also be one or more statistically from a large number of measurement value to act determined value.
- a conditioning phase has, for example, the following conditioning steps: a) heating the process chamber under a hydrogen atmosphere,
- Free parameters are essentially available to the system operator with regard to the cleaning steps g), j), k).
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining the parameters for temperature control of the surface of a substrate carried by a susceptor of a CVD reactor to a predetermined substrate temperature in order to thermally treat the substrate in at least one process step of a process phase at this temperature wherein a first parameter is a heat supply parameter that influences a first heat flux supplied to the susceptor from a heat source, and a second parameter is a heat release parameter that influences a second heat flux released from the surface of the substrate to a heat sink.
- the substrate is in a heat transfer path between a heat source, which is usually a heating device for heating the susceptor, and a heat sink, which is usually a process chamber ceiling or a cooling device adjacent to the process chamber ceiling.
- a heat source which is usually a heating device for heating the susceptor
- a heat sink which is usually a process chamber ceiling or a cooling device adjacent to the process chamber ceiling.
- the temperature of the surface of a substrate carried by the susceptor depends on the heat supply parameters.
- the thermodynamic relationships are described in particular in DE 10 2017 105 333 A1, in which the heat transfer paths between the heat source and substrate or substrate and heat sink are viewed as heat flow resistances. These heat flow resistances can change due to changes in properties, in particular special surface properties within the process chamber during the life of the process chamber.
- the heat flow resistances depend in particular on the type of process steps previously carried out in the process chamber.
- a heat supply parameter can be, for example, the susceptor temperature measured in particular on an underside, that is to say the side of the susceptor facing the heating device, to which the underside of the susceptor is regulated.
- the heat supply parameter can, however, also be the power supplied to the heating device.
- a heat output parameter can be the temperature of a process chamber ceiling, which can also be regulated to a target temperature. This can be done by modifying the cooling capacity of a cooling device. However, it is also possible to influence the process chamber ceiling temperature by varying a mixing ratio of a temperature control gas which is fed into a gap between the process chamber ceiling and the cooling device.
- the temperature gas consists of two gases with different thermal conductivities.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying means with which values for a heat supply parameter and a heat output parameter can be reliably determined at which a predetermined substrate temperature is established on the surface of the substrate facing the process chamber.
- the object is achieved in that a large number of value tuples is determined in one or more calibration steps.
- Each of these tuples of values has a value of a first parameter and a value of a second parameter, it being possible for these parameters to be the regulated susceptor temperature and / or the regulated process chamber ceiling temperature.
- the parameters can also be the heating power and / or the mixing ratio of the temperature control gas or the heat dissipation power of the cooling device.
- a function representing the actual temperature of the surface of the substrate via at least one of the parameters is formed from the plurality of value tuples by at least one-dimensional interpolation.
- the function can be a single function of a family of functions.
- At least one parameter is obtained which correlates with an actual temperature of the substrate surface that comes closest to the substrate temperature specified in a recipe.
- an inverse function is formed from the particular one-dimensional function, so to speak.
- the method described above can be used to determine the tuples.
- a first parameter for example the susceptor temperature
- the second parameter is also varied, for example the process chamber ceiling temperature, gradually increased. This can be done in the manner described above in that a temperature gas with a different composition is fed into a gap between the process chamber ceiling and the cooling device.
- the large number of measured values obtained in this way can support points of a two-dimensional mathematical that can be represented as a surface Function.
- the function can be represented in a three-dimensional coordinate system in such a way that, for example, an X-axis represents the susceptor temperature, a Y-axis represents the process chamber ceiling temperature and the Z-axis represents the measured surface temperature on the substrate.
- the susceptor temperature and the process chamber ceiling temperature can be controlled temperatures.
- the measured actual temperature of the substrate surface can be measured with a pyrometer.
- a function represented in the manner of a grid network can be interpolated as a surface area. From the resulting area, the point in the XY area can be determined which supplies a function value that comes closest to the specified substrate temperature.
- each calibration step that is carried out at the same susceptor temperature supplies an interpolated measurement curve that represents the measured substrate surface temperature above the process chamber ceiling temperature. From this measurement curve, with the formation of an inverse function, as it were, the parameters, i.e. the process chamber ceiling temperature, can be determined which, at the respective susceptor temperature, correlates to a substrate surface temperature that comes closest to a specified substrate temperature.
- the calibration curves obtained in the calibration phase are used instead of standard calibration curves in order to modify the parameters specified by a recipe, such as the susceptor temperature and the process chamber ceiling temperature.
- parameters such as the susceptor temperature or the process chamber ceiling temperature can be given, according to which the desired substrate temperature results according to a standard characteristic.
- a modified characteristic curve is obtained, on the basis of which modified setting values result.
- the device according to the invention has a control device which is programmable. Process parameters for the conditioning phase and the process phase can be specified via the programming.
- the process, and in particular each process that is carried out with the device contains one or more calibration or conditioning steps that are carried out with permanently predetermined process parameters. These calibration or conditioning steps cannot be omitted by the user. The process parameters of these calibration or conditioning steps cannot be changed either.
- the fingerprint is thus used in unchangeably predetermined steps of the process with fixed process parameters, such as in particular a total pressure in the Process chamber, a gas flow through the process chamber and at least one or more fixed temperatures in the process chamber are determined.
- FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a recipe
- 4 shows a graphic representation of a “fingerprint” relating to the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG
- FIG. 5 shows a representation according to FIG. 4 relating to the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through a
- FIG. 7 shows a representation of a temperature profile T over time t with four successive conditioning steps C1 .l, CI.2,
- a susceptor temperature TS is gradually increased from about 700 ° C to 1200 ° C and a substrate temperature TW and a ceiling temperature TC are measured
- FIG. 8 using a first example of how values K1 to K16 of a fingerprint are calculated from the measured values Ml to M16 and NI to N16 obtained during conditioning according to FIG.
- 9 schematically shows how values K1 to K4 of a fingerprint are compared with values K'1 to IC4 of a historical fingerprint
- 10 shows a representation of a two-dimensional function calculated from a plurality of value tuples by interpolation over the susceptor temperature Ts and the process chamber ceiling temperature TC, the function F representing the surface temperatures TW of the substrate and
- FIG. 11 shows a representation of a standard calibration curve 25 and a calibration curve 25 'determined in the calibration phase in a coordinate system which indicates the process chamber ceiling temperature TC in the X axis and the surface temperature TW of the substrate in a Y axis.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a CVD reactor as it is part of the device according to the invention or on which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
- a process chamber 3 is located in a housing of the CVD reactor 1 that is gas-tight to the outside, in particular made of stainless steel,.
- the process chamber is located above a susceptor 4 made of graphite or coated graphite, which is connected from below by means of a IR heating device 6 can be heated.
- the electromagnetic alternating fields generated by the heating device 6 generate eddy currents in the susceptor 4 which lead to the susceptor 4 heating up.
- On the top of the susceptor 4 lie one or more substrates 2 which are to be coated during a process carried out within the process chamber 3.
- Carrier gases or process gases can be fed into the process chamber 3 through a gas inlet 5.
- a vacuum pump 12 is provided, in front of which a throttle valve 11 is arranged. With a control device 10, gas flows can be controlled by 7, 8 and 9 designated gas sources are set, which are fed into the process chamber 3 by means of the gas inlet 5. With the control device 10, the heating device 6, the throttle valve 11 and the Pum pe 12 can also be controlled
- a liquid source 13 which contains, for example, an organometallic compound, is located in a temperature control bath 14, the temperature of which can be monitored.
- a process chamber ceiling 18 has a cooling device (not shown) and means for influencing its heat-conducting properties.
- the entire device is located in a cabinet 15, which can be closed essentially gas-tight to the environment.
- the cabinet 15 has a supply air 16 and an exhaust air 17. The gas composition in the exhaust air 17 and the exhaust air temperature can be measured.
- a cooling flow can flow through the cavities of the spiral heating device 6.
- control device 10 different recipes can be stored, with which different layers can be deposited on a substrate 2.
- a process in each case comprises a multiplicity of steps, the steps being able to be divided into phases which differ from one another.
- a conditioning phase PC which can be carried out for example before the actual coating phase, the process chamber 3 or the reactor system is brought to a target state.
- the conditioning steps Cl.l, CI.2 and CI.3 are carried out with different conditioning parameters.
- the temperatures T within the process chamber mer 3 or the total pressures P within the process chamber 3 or the gas flows Q (quantity and / or quality) of the conditioning gases may be different.
- the control parameters SP which are specified for controlling the temperature, the total pressure or the gas flows, are fixed and cannot be changed by the user.
- the conditioning phase has three conditioning steps, each of which must be carried out with unchangeable control parameters.
- the conditioning phase PC has, in addition to the first conditioning steps Cl.l, CI.2 and CI.3, which must be performed with fixed control parameters, second conditioning steps C2.1, C2.2, which can be carried out with variable control parameters.
- the user can change the control parameters.
- the conditioning phase PC is followed by a process phase PR, which has various successive process steps RI, R2 and R3, which are used to treat substrates arranged in the process chamber 3, for example around the substrates 2 with one or more layers to coat.
- the control parameters for process steps RI, R2 and R3 can be varied by the user.
- measured values are collected during all steps of the conditioning phase PC and the process phase PR, which values are determined with measuring sensors.
- the measurement data are stored in a memory of the control device 10 or in a memory system.
- "fingerprints” are only formed from the measured values that are obtained during the unchangeable first conditioning steps C1.1, C1.2, C1.3.
- the measured values are linked to one another in a suitable manner so that at least one "Fingerprint” forming value or a group of "fingerprint” forming values can be generated.
- These values can be treated statistically. For example, a minimum value, a maximum value and a standard deviation can be formed. This takes place in particular in that measured values of a large number of Processes carried out in the past and considered to be in order are used.
- a fingerprint can be a single value.
- the "fingerprint" preferably consists of a large number of values that are obtained from a large number of measured values.
- the measured values can, for example, be coolant temperatures, exhaust air temperatures, temperatures of the temperature control bath 14, pump temperatures, gas flow values or pressures From these series of measurements, statistical values can be generated, for example minimum, maximum, mean value and standard deviation. The statistical values can be part of the fingerprint.
- a “fingerprint” of a current process determined according to the same rules can be compared with a historical “fingerprint” that is formed by evaluating a large number of historical processes. It can be checked, for example, whether the current “fingerprint” or the values embodying the “fingerprint” are in a permissible value window.
- the measured values used to form the current or historical "fingerprint” can be measured values that are determined within the process chamber 3, for example temperatures that are determined on walls, ceilings or other areas of the process chamber 3 However, they can also be measured values that are determined outside the process chamber 3, for example in an exhaust gas stream. The exhaust gas temperature or gas concentrations in the exhaust gas can be measured here.
- pump temperatures, valve positions or actual Gas flows can be used as measured values to form the "fingerprint”.
- the temperature of the cooling liquid flow flowing through the heating coil 6 can also be used as the measured value.
- Some of the gas sources 7, 8, 9 can be arranged in temperature control baths.
- the temperatures of these tempering baths can be used as measured values for the formation of the "fingerprint".
- the device can have a control cabinet, for example a cabinet, in which electrical components are arranged or in which a gas mixing system or a loading or unloading device for the CVD reactor is arranged.
- a sensor can be provided in order to measure a characteristic control cabinet temperature therein. This temperature can also be used to determine the “fingerprint”.
- the system can have cooling water circuits with which, for example, a process chamber ceiling or the reactor housing 1 is cooled.
- the cooling water temperature can also be used to form the "fingerprint”. It is essential that the parameters of the conditioning steps that are used to use the historical “fingerprint” are identical to the parameters of the conditioning steps from whose measured values the current “fingerprint” is determined.
- the current "fingerprint” can be evaluated according to predetermined statistical rules. In particular, it can be checked whether information must be given to the user so that he can plan maintenance and repair measures
- the comparison of the current “fingerprint” with the historical “fingerprint” thus takes place in accordance with a rule-based decision-making system.
- the evaluation either only takes into account data recorded last or also data from conditioning phases that were long ago.
- Standard deviation [n] outside the interval (standard deviation [n-1 .. n-10 ⁇ - 0.5; standard deviation [n-1 .. n-10] + 0.5) - value range and limit value check of an extrapolated value based on historical data.
- a rule can be defined in such a way that when looking at historical data (e.g. a moving average) it only takes into account those data which were carried out after the last maintenance time.
- the information on when maintenance was carried out receives the rule-executing system from a higher-level production control system.
- the typical production cycle has alternating process phases and conditioning phases.
- a large number of values are obtained in conditioning steps of this conditioning phase, which values are recorded, for example, by a permanent measurement during the conditioning step.
- the temperatures, flows or pressures can be measured over a longer period of time during the at least one first conditioning step.
- the temperature mean values, temperature standard deviations, minima and maxima are calculated from these measurements.
- These statistical data then form a fingerprint, so that the fingerprint can have a large number of statistical data that differ from one another, measured values.
- the current state of the coating system can be characterized. It can be provided that the historical data only have data that have been obtained, for example, from the last ten conditioning phases in the past.
- the process chamber has to be opened in order to exchange replacement parts or for other reasons, in any case for maintenance purposes.
- ambient air can enter the process chamber so that moisture contained in the air can adsorb on the walls of the process chamber.
- the process chamber is heated to high temperatures under almost vacuum conditions or while hydrogen is being fed into the process chamber, which is pumped out again by means of a pumping device, these temperatures being in the range of 700 ° C and 800 ° C.
- the heating can take place in several steps. The heating takes place according to process parameters that are fixed in the control device 10 and, in particular, cannot be changed by the system operator.
- a calibration phase can also be carried out before the process phase.
- one or more calibration steps are carried out by varying the susceptor temperature TS and the Process chamber ceiling temperature TC determines a plurality of value tuples, each value tuple having a value of the susceptor temperature TS, a value of the process chamber ceiling temperature TC and a measured value of the surface temperature TW of the substrate 2.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a cross section through a CVD reactor in which a heating device 6 generates a heat flow H1 into the susceptor 4.
- a substrate holder 19 is located in a pocket of the susceptor and is carried by a gas cushion which is generated by a flushing gas flow QS. This forms a gap 21 between the bottom of the pocket of the susceptor 4 and the underside of the substrate holder 19, through which gap 21 a second heat flux H2 flows.
- the heat flows through the substrate holder 19 and through the substrate 2 lying on the substrate holder 19.
- H3 denotes a heat flow that flows from the surface of the substrate 2 to the process chamber ceiling 18.
- the process chamber ceiling 18 is spaced apart from a cooling device 22 by a gap 20.
- a temperature control gas is located in this gap 20.
- the temperature control gas is formed by the flushing gas QC which is fed into the gap 20, the flushing gas QC being a mixture of gases with mutually different thermal conductivities, for example H2 and N2.
- the heat flow H4 through the gap 20 can be influenced by varying the composition of the purge gas QC.
- the cooling device 22 is located above the process chamber ceiling 18 and is cooled to a target temperature by means of a cooling liquid.
- the coolant temperature can be measured and also used to form the fingerprint.
- the temperature of the surface of the substrate tes 2 namely the substrate temperature TW and the temperature of the process chamber ceiling, namely the process chamber ceiling temperature TC.
- the reference numeral 23 denotes a first temperature regulator which regulates the susceptor temperature TS measured on the underside of the susceptor 4 against a setpoint value Ts 0 . This is done by influencing the heating power LS fed into the heating device 6.
- the susceptor temperature TS or the heating power LS forms a heat supply parameter with which a heat flow H1, H2 from the heating device 6 to the substrate 2 is influenced.
- the reference number 24 designates a second control circuit with which the process chamber ceiling temperature TC is controlled against a setpoint Tc 0 . This can be done by influencing the coolant temperature of the cooling device 22. However, this can also be done by varying the mixing ratio of the temperature control gas QC fed into the gap 20.
- the temperature periergas consists of a mixture of a high thermal conductivity pointing gas, for example H2, and a gas having a low thermal conductivity, for example N2.
- the process chamber ceiling temperature TC or the mixing ratio of the temperature control gas QC or the cooling capacity of the cooling device 22 form a heat release parameter.
- FIG. 7 is a temperature / time diagram.
- FIG. 7 shows four first calibration or conditioning steps C1.1 carried out in succession,
- the susceptor temperature TS which is measured on the underside of the susceptor 4 is increased in steps from approximately 750 ° C. to approximately 1200 ° C.
- the substrate temperature TW and the process chamber ceiling temperature TC are measured. It can be seen that the measured values NI, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, Nil, N12, N13, N14, N15, N16 of the substrate temperature TW are lower than the susceptor temperature TS, which is used to control the process temperature.
- the lower curve in FIG. 7 shows the course of the process chamber ceiling temperature TC, the mixing ratio of the purging gas QC fed into the gap 20 being varied in each of the four calibration or conditioning steps.
- the measurement Ml is a temperature measurement of the process chamber ceiling temperature at which the Tb content in the Tb / N2 mixture of the purge gas QC is 95 percent.
- the measured value M2 was obtained with a mixing ratio of 35 percent, the measured value M3 with a mixing ratio of 65 percent and the measured value M4 with a mixing ratio of 5 percent Tb.
- a total of 16 temperature values TC and 16 temperature values TW were obtained during the four calibration or conditioning steps. In each of the calibration or conditioning steps, the four previously described purge gas compositions were fed one after the other into the gap 20 of the process chamber ceiling 18.
- Each of the measurements Ml to Ml 6 and NI to NI 6 was carried out over several, for example 20 seconds. Mean values and other statistical data were obtained during the measurement.
- the measured values NI to N16, M1 to M16 and possibly additionally calculated statistical data represent a "thermal fingerprint" of the CVD reactor.
- the individual measurements obtained during the respective measurement can also be used to calculate the gradient over time, that is to say the first derivative with respect to time.
- Statistical data can also be calculated from these derived values, which flow into the thermal fingerprint. eat.
- the thermal fingerprint obtained in this way can be compared with a historical or several historical or an averaged historical fingerprint.
- FIG. 8 shows pairs of measured values with K1, K2, K3, K4 to K16, which represent the measurements Nl / Ml, N2 / M2 ... N16 / M16.
- the process chamber ceiling temperature TC of the respective measurement Ml, M2 ... is shown on the X axis.
- the measured substrate temperature TW is plotted on the Y axis. It is thus the measured values NI, N2 ... that determine the position of the points Kl, K2 ... here.
- the solid line is a regression curve and can be compared with a dash-dotted line that represents the historical fingerprint.
- FIG. 9 shows a representation similar to FIG. 8, with a quadratic regression curve being drawn through points K1, K2, K3 and K4 instead of a linear regression curve.
- the points Kl, K2, K3, K4 on the curve can be compared with the historical measuring points K'l, I 2, IC3, I 4, with a distance di in the susceptor temperature TW and a distance d2 in the process chamber ceiling temperature TC is determined.
- These distances di, d2 can be compared with maximum values. If the distances di, d2 exceed the specified maximum values, this is a sign that something has changed in the state of the CVD reactor. If, however, the distances di, d2 are within a specified value window, then this is interpreted to mean that the CVD reactor is in a desired state.
- the method shown in FIG. 7 is also used to determine the thermal properties of a CVD reactor 1 and in particular to calibrate a characteristic curve.
- a calibration phase which is carried out before a process phase in which a substrate 2 is thermally treated, in particular coated, in one or more process steps, parameters are determined with which a predetermined substrate temperature is tur TW can be set.
- the steps shown in FIG. 7 with C1.1, C1.2, C1.3 and C1.4 form calibration steps in which the mixing ratios of the temperature control gas QC are changed with a susceptor temperature TS held at a fixed value.
- the mixing ratio and a cooling capacity of the cooling device 22 form further parameters. This is repeated for a large number of different susceptor temperatures TS.
- the measured values determined in this way each form tuples that contain the following elements:
- FIG. 10 shows only the influence of two parameters, namely the susceptor temperature TS and the process chamber ceiling temperature TC, on the substrate temperature TW.
- the substrate temperature TW is presented there as a two-dimensional function F over the two arguments TC and TS.
- the function F is calculated by means of a two-dimensional (two-dimensional) interpolation over the support points formed by the measured value tuples. From the "surface mountain" obtained in this way, the point can be determined which corresponds to the value TW1, which comes closest to a specified substrate temperature or corresponds to a specified substrate temperature.
- This value TW1 corresponds to a value TC1 of a process chamber ceiling temperature TC and a value TS1 a susceptor temperature TS.
- the susceptor 4 is then regulated to the susceptor temperature TS1 and the process chamber ceiling 18 to this temperature TC1.
- FIG. 11 shows a standard characteristic curve 25, as is specified by a recipe.
- Point 26 is the point at which, under standard conditions, a process chamber ceiling temperature TC1 at a given susceptor temperature TS leads to a substrate temperature TW1.
- the standard characteristic curve 25 is a curve of a family of curves, each curve of the family of curves corresponding to a different susceptor temperature TS.
- Reference numeral 25 ' denotes a corrected characteristic.
- This corrected characteristic curve 25 ' was determined by the calibration method described above.
- the corrected characteristic curve 25 ' is also a curve of a curve sharp.
- the family of curves has a large number of curves which were recorded at one of the different susceptor temperatures TS, that is to say in each case in a calibration step C1.1, CI.2, CI.3 or C1.4. From the measured values recorded in the individual calibration steps Cl.l, CI.2, CI.3 and C1.4, the curve of the function F, which represents the corrected characteristic curve 25 ', was determined by interpolation.
- the inverse function can be formed from this function F, so that the current process chamber ceiling temperature TC2 can be determined immediately for a given substrate temperature TW1.
- tuples of values are determined during the calibration phase by targeted variation of parameters that influence the heat inflow and the heat outflow to the substrate.
- the parameters are, for example, the susceptor temperature TS and / or the process chamber ceiling temperature TC.
- the value tuples contain the respective measured substrate temperature as an additional element. Through interpolation, these value tuples are converted into a multidimensional function or a family of one-dimensional dimensional functions determined. Using an interval nesting, Taylor development or other suitable mathematical, in particular numerical method, these functions or groups of functions are used to determine the parameter set that corresponds to a substrate temperature TW that comes closest to or corresponds to a substrate temperature desired in a process step .
- a method or a device which is characterized in that the measured values are values of physical variables that are measured inside the process chamber 3 or outside the process chamber 3 and in particular cooling water temperatures, temperature bath temperatures of temperature baths 14, flow rates, temperatures of Pumps, gas lines or liquid lines, temperatures or gas concentration values or the like measured in an exhaust gas flow or a switch cabinet exhaust air 17.
- a method or a device which is characterized in that at least one of the one or more first calibration or conditioning steps CI, C2, C3, C4 is a cleaning step in which a cleaning gas is fed into the process chamber 3, which in particular a halogen, for example chlorine, or a hydride, for example ammonia, contains.
- a cleaning gas is fed into the process chamber 3, which in particular a halogen, for example chlorine, or a hydride, for example ammonia, contains.
- the "fingerprint”, in particular the historical "fingerprint” is obtained through a statistical evaluation of measurement data, in particular older processes, with statistical mean values, minimum values, maximum values and / or standard deviations be determined.
- a method or an apparatus which is characterized in that at least one of the one or more first conditioning steps Cl.l, CI.2, CI.3 is a tempering step in which at an elevated temperature, in particular in one Range between 700 and 1200 ° C a temperature gas, for example hydrogen, is fed into the process chamber.
- a temperature gas for example hydrogen
- a method or a device which is characterized in that a conditioning phase PC is carried out before or after each process phase PR, during which a “fingerprint” is obtained.
- a method or a device which is characterized in that a conditioning step PC with one or more first conditioning steps Cl.l, CI.2, CI.3 is carried out after a previous maintenance W, and / or that a calibration - or conditioning step PC with one or more first calibration or conditioning steps Cl.l, C1.2, C1.3 is carried out after a previous maintenance W, during which ambient air has passed into the process chamber 3, with the one or "Fingerprint" obtained from several measured values is a "thermal fingerprint".
- a method or a device which is characterized in that the comparison of the current “fingerprint” with the historical “fingerprint” takes place in accordance with a rule-based decision-making system.
- a method or a device which is characterized in that at least one value of the "fingerprint” is calculated from a measurement series of measured values obtained one after the other over time, with provision being made in particular that a derivation according to time is formed from the measured values .
- a method which is characterized in that, in a calibration phase that precedes the process phase in time, a plurality of value tuples is determined in several calibration steps Cl.1, CI.2, CI.3, each having a value of the first parameter TS, LS, a value of the second parameter (TS, QC) and an actual temperature TW of the substrate surface that is established at these values, with one of the multitude of value tuples by interpolation representing the actual temperature TW via at least one of the parameters Function F is formed from which a value TW1 of the at least one parameter TC, QC; TS, LS is obtained, which is correlated with an actual tempera ture TW of the substrate surface, which comes closest to a predetermined substrate temperature.
- a method which is characterized in that several first calibration or conditioning steps follow one another directly, with provision being made in particular that the several calibration or conditioning steps are carried out with gradually increasing or decreasing temperatures and / or with changing cooling parameters .
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2021556740A JP7716985B2 (ja) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-03-20 | 処理条件の下でのcvdリアクタの状態の記録方法 |
| CN202080035752.5A CN113853448B (zh) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-03-20 | 用于在生产条件下采集cvd反应器的状态的方法 |
| US17/593,423 US12435422B2 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-03-20 | Method for recording a state of a CVD reactor under production conditions |
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| DE102019107295.6A DE102019107295A1 (de) | 2019-03-21 | 2019-03-21 | Verfahren zur Erfassung eines Zustandes eines CVD-Reaktors unter Produktionsbedingungen |
| DE102019107295.6 | 2019-03-21 |
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| US (1) | US12435422B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7716985B2 (de) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP7716985B2 (ja) | 2025-08-01 |
| WO2020188087A3 (de) | 2020-11-19 |
| TW202041709A (zh) | 2020-11-16 |
| TWI858037B (zh) | 2024-10-11 |
| US20220186375A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
| US12435422B2 (en) | 2025-10-07 |
| JP2022525802A (ja) | 2022-05-19 |
| CN113853448B (zh) | 2024-08-13 |
| DE102019107295A1 (de) | 2020-09-24 |
| CN113853448A (zh) | 2021-12-28 |
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