WO2020168919A1 - 一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020168919A1
WO2020168919A1 PCT/CN2020/074391 CN2020074391W WO2020168919A1 WO 2020168919 A1 WO2020168919 A1 WO 2020168919A1 CN 2020074391 W CN2020074391 W CN 2020074391W WO 2020168919 A1 WO2020168919 A1 WO 2020168919A1
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Prior art keywords
tool
groove
bar
rough machining
screw
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2020/074391
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李长河
张彦彬
罗建
徐海州
刁玉臣
纪合聚
邓存智
李仁壮
孟庆阳
郑伟
李润泽
侯亚丽
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Qingdao University of Technology
Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd
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Qingdao University of Technology
Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2020168919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020168919A1/zh
Priority to ZA2021/05875A priority Critical patent/ZA202105875B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B5/28—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning wheels or wheel sets or cranks thereon, i.e. wheel lathes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mechanical processing, in particular to a tool device and method for rough machining a pulley groove.
  • Pulleys are disc-type hub parts, generally larger in size, and are mainly cast and forged in the manufacturing process.
  • the larger design uses the casting method.
  • the material is usually cast iron (good casting performance), cast steel is rarely used (poor casting performance).
  • the smaller size can be forged, and the material is steel.
  • the pulley industry in my country has developed very rapidly in recent years. The gap between domestic pulley manufacturers and foreign advanced technology has further narrowed. At present, the pulleys produced in my country have been able to meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets.
  • my country's belt pulley industry still has a series of problems such as many production enterprises, small scale, low level of export products, concentrated export market, and fierce price competition.
  • the processing and manufacturing technology of the pulley is also undergoing rapid changes.
  • Turning processing is one of the most commonly used processing methods in mechanical processing. Because the CNC lathe has the characteristics of high machining accuracy, linear interpolation and circular interpolation, and automatic speed change during machining, its process range is much wider than ordinary machine tools. All parts that can be installed on the lathe fixture can be processed on the lathe.
  • the processing technology of the pulleys of Chinese factories and enterprises is: rough turning contour end surface-fine turning contour end surface-keyway-rough turning pulley groove-finishing turning pulley groove.
  • the current processing method of the pulley groove is: row cutter rolling, and then contour finishing.
  • the processing time is long and the efficiency is low. In this process, the turning is easy to deform after clamping; the parts are easy to drop when the clamping is light.
  • Belt pulleys are not only in large market demand, but also have higher processing quality requirements, such as no impurities on the surface, uniform structure, low roughness, and good straightness.
  • processing quality requirements such as no impurities on the surface, uniform structure, low roughness, and good straightness.
  • the tool wear rate is faster, and cutting is performed during processing. The speed is small and the shape accuracy is difficult to guarantee, so the production cost is relatively high, the production efficiency is low, and the quality of the finished product is poor.
  • CNC machining technology is the development trend of machining in the next few decades, and is an important and necessary technical support for the construction of modern manufacturing. Its application will become more and more extensive.
  • the first method the same as the process of processing pulley grooves on ordinary lathes, the grooving turning tool and the forming turning tool are used in conjunction with each other, and the workpiece is processed by the program control method: first use the grooving turning tool to machine straight grooves, and then use Shaped turning tool trims the wheel groove.
  • the second method Use the grooving turning tool and the left and right offset tools to work with each other, and use the program control method to process the parts: first use the grooving turning tool to machine straight grooves, then use the left offset tool to machine the left side, then The right side surface is machined with a right offset tool to realize the groove processing of the V-belt pulley.
  • the third method use a forming turning tool to directly process the wheel groove.
  • the fourth method Use only one grooving tool to process the parts using program control methods: first use turning to produce straight grooves, and then use the left tip of the grooving tool to machine the left side of the wheel groove. Then use the right tool tip of the grooving tool to machine the right side of the wheel groove, and finally finish machining to complete the turning of the V-belt wheel groove step by step.
  • the advantage of the first method is that the process is mature, easy to implement, and the programming is simple.
  • the disadvantage is that the scrap rate is high, the forming turning tool needs to be ground, and the cost is high when a single piece is produced in a small batch.
  • the advantage of the second method is that the technology is mature, the turning tool has good rigidity, and the machining accuracy is high.
  • the disadvantage is that the tool setting operation is complicated. Due to the large size of the left and right offset tools, it is not suitable for small-sized wheel groove processing.
  • the advantages of the third method are high processing efficiency and one-time molding, but the disadvantages are relatively high cost and severe tool wear.
  • the advantage of the fourth method is that the tool is simple, the tool setting operation is simple, the program drawing is simpler, easy to realize, and the machining accuracy is good. It is suitable for small batch or large batch processing.
  • the disadvantage is that the rigidity of the turning tool is poor and the processing parameters need to be carefully selected. .
  • the fourth method has the advantages of simple selection of processing tools, easy implementation, high processing accuracy, and easy programming
  • the fourth method is currently selected in China: using an ordinary grooving tool and processing with a CNC lathe , Realize the processing of pulley groove.
  • the inventor found that the above processing methods still have shortcomings, and the processing efficiency is relatively low.
  • the tool wear is large. After wear, the turning tool needs to be reground. The cost is very high, the applicability is single, except for some parts with special requirements, this kind of tool is generally not used.
  • the present invention provides a tool device for rough machining the groove of a pulley, which can effectively adjust the spacing between the groove tools, has strong adaptability and a wider range of adaptation.
  • the invention also provides a method for rough machining the pulley groove, which can effectively improve the efficiency of the pulley groove processing.
  • a specific plan of a tool device for rough machining the pulley groove is as follows:
  • a tool device for rough machining a pulley groove including:
  • Tool bar the tool bar is provided with grooves
  • the movable knife body is set in the groove of the tool bar, the screw shaft links the movable knife body and the tool bar, and the screw shaft and the movable knife are matched to realize a self-locking spiral lifting mechanism;
  • At least two groove knives one of which is installed at the end of the moving knife body, and the other is installed at the end of the knife shaft, rotate the screw shaft to adjust the distance between the groove knives.
  • the screw shaft links the moving tool body and the tool bar, and the moving tool body has a movable space in the groove of the tool bar.
  • the moving tool body can drive the corresponding groove knife to move. It is convenient to adjust the height of the movable knife relative to the knife shaft.
  • the cutter device further includes a locking member, which connects the cutter bar and the movable cutter body.
  • the locking member includes a first set screw and a taper end positioning screw installed on the same longitudinal surface of the tool bar, the first set screw is provided on one side of the screw shaft, and the locking member also includes a set For the second set screw on the other side of the screw shaft, after determining the position of the groove knife, the movable knife is positioned and connected by the taper end positioning screw, and then the movable knife is connected to the movable knife with the first set screw.
  • the first set screw is on the top and the taper end positioning screw is on the bottom.
  • first set screw is a flat-end set screw.
  • second set screw is specially provided, and the second set screw is a hexagonal cylinder head screw in the cutter body.
  • the tool device further includes at least one optical axis longitudinally passing through the tool bar and the movable knife body, the penetrating optical axis is used to guide the movable knife body in the longitudinal direction of the tool bar, and the movable knife body It is completely positioned by the end face of the shank, the inner side wall of the shank and the taper end positioning screw.
  • optical axis is arranged on both sides of the screw shaft.
  • one end of the screw shaft protrudes from the cutter bar, that is, a nut is arranged at the end of the screw shaft to facilitate the rotation of the screw shaft, and a bearing is arranged between the screw shaft and the cutter rod.
  • the shaft and the inner ring of the bearing, the outer ring of the bearing and the shank all adopt an interference fit.
  • the end of the tool bar is provided with a pressure plate for pressing the groove knife, and the pressure plate is connected with the tool bar through a third locking screw, so that the arrangement of the third locking screw can make the pressure plate align with the groove knife. Perform compaction.
  • the tool bar is provided with a scale line at the end of the groove knife, and the position of the groove knife can be confirmed by the setting of the scale line.
  • the center distance of the two groove knife tips can be adjusted in the range of 10-25mm. Suitable for processing various types of pulley grooves.
  • the vertical force of the screw shaft is very small. The two ends of the screw shaft and the bearing adopt interference connection, and the specific position of the moving knife can be adjusted manually.
  • the present invention also provides a method for rough machining the pulley groove, using the tool device for rough machining the pulley groove.
  • the present invention can adjust the two-groove knife tool according to different types of pulleys, thereby processing pulleys with different wheel groove center distances, with stronger adaptability and wider adaptability.
  • the tool of the present invention is a grooved knife, which greatly reduces the cost, and the grooved knife can be quickly replaced without on-site grinding and avoiding impact on production.
  • the present invention can theoretically increase the machining efficiency of the wheel groove process by 50%, which has great benefits for the mass production of pulleys, can adapt to various production scales, improve the processing efficiency, and can effectively reduce the wear on the tools. It is recommended to delete the second sentence, the present invention does not reduce tool wear
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device in an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the device in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the device in an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the device in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the knife bar in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the knife bar in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of the knife bar in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a front view of a moving knife in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a top view of the moving knife in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-slotted flat-end set screw 2-screw shaft, 3-first rolling bearing, 4-smooth shaft, 5-tool bar, 6-moving knife concrete, 7-second rolling bearing, 8-slotted cone End positioning screw, 9-hexagonal cylinder head screw in the cutter body, 10-pressing plate, 11-hexagonal socket cylinder head screw, 12-shaft retaining ring, 13-slot cutter, 14-slot hole, 15-extending section, 16-Optical axis hole, 17-screw mounting hole.
  • the present invention proposes a tool device for rough machining a pulley groove.
  • a tool device for rough machining a pulley groove includes a tool bar 5, which is provided with grooves; and a moving tool body 6 is provided with grooves.
  • the screw shaft 2 links the movable cutter body 6 with the cutter bar 5; at least two groove knives 13, one of which is installed at the end of the movable cutter body 6, the other is installed on the cutter bar 5 At the end, turn the screw shaft 2 to adjust the distance between the groove knives.
  • the material of the knife bar 5 is 45 steel, and the specific material of the movable knife is 40Cr.
  • the specific material can be replaced, and there is no mandatory limitation.
  • the screw shaft 2 links the moving tool body with the tool bar.
  • the moving tool body has a movable space in the groove of the tool bar.
  • the moving tool body 6 can drive the corresponding grooved tool. It is convenient to adjust the height of the movable cutter body 6 relative to the cutter bar 5.
  • the screw shaft 2 cooperates with the movable cutter body 6 to realize self-locking.
  • the slot knife 13 is provided with an arc-shaped positioning groove, and the arc-shaped positioning slot of the slot knife 13 is positioned by an arc-shaped positioning surface provided at the end of the tool bar 5 and the movable knife body 6, so as to facilitate installation.
  • the end of the knife bar 5 is provided with a pressure plate 10 for pressing the groove knife, and the pressure plate 10 is connected to the knife bar 5 through a third locking screw, so that the setting of the third locking screw can make the pressure plate align with the groove knife 13
  • the third locking screw is a hexagon socket head screw 11.
  • the groove cutter 13 is an ordinary groove cutter, and the outer contour diameter of the pulley groove is the same before the pulley is processed. Theoretically, the grooves processed are basically the same within the error tolerance range.
  • the cutter device further includes a locking member, which connects the cutter bar 5 and the movable cutter body 6.
  • the locking member includes a first set screw installed on the same longitudinal surface of the tool bar 5 and a slotted taper end positioning screw 8.
  • the first set screw is provided on one side of the screw shaft 2, and the locking member also includes a set The second set screw on the other side of the screw shaft. The second set screw and the first set screw are perpendicular to each other.
  • the moving knife is specifically positioned by the taper end set screw Connect, and then realize the connection between the movable cutter body 6 and the tool bar 5 through the first set screw, where the first set screw is on the top, the slotted taper end positioning screw 8 is on the bottom, the two are set in a straight line, and the tool bar 5 is set
  • the threaded hole is used to install the corresponding locking member, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, and the side of the end face of the tool bar 5 for installing the grooved knife is provided with a protruding section 15 for protecting the grooved knife.
  • the movable cutter body 6 is provided with a screw mounting hole 17, and the side of the tool bar 5 is provided with a long hole 14.
  • the hexagonal cylinder head screw 9 in the tool body passes through the long bar hole 14 and the screw mounting hole 17 It is connected to the movable knife body 6.
  • a plurality of hexagonal cylinder head screws 9 in the tool body may be provided to stabilize the installation of the movable knife body 6 from the side of the tool shaft.
  • the first set screw is a slotted flat-end set screw 1.
  • a second set screw is specially set.
  • the second set screw is a hexagonal cylinder head screw 9 in the cutter body.
  • the tool device also includes at least one optical shaft 4 longitudinally passing through the tool bar and the moving knife body.
  • the through optical axis 4 is used to guide the moving tool body in the longitudinal direction of the tool bar 5.
  • Two optical shafts 4 the optical shaft 4 is set on both sides of the screw shaft 2
  • the optical shaft 4 is set on the outside of the locking member
  • the shaft elastic retaining ring 12 is set between the optical shaft 4 and the knife bar 5
  • the moving knife Specifically, 6 is provided with an optical axis hole 16 for passing the optical axis
  • the optical axis 4 is arranged parallel to the screw axis 2
  • the optical axis 4 and the hexagonal cylinder head screw 9 in the cutter body are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the movable knife body 6 is positioned to limit the five degrees of freedom through the end face of the knife bar with scales and the inner side wall of the knife bar. That is, the knife bar 5 is provided with an opening slot, which is set through the opening slot.
  • the movable knife body 6 restricts part of the degree of freedom of the movable knife body 6.
  • the height of the opening groove is greater than the height of the movable knife body 6, which facilitates the adjustment of the height of the movable knife body, and the slotted taper end positioning screw 8 limits a degree of freedom , Realize the positioning of the movable knife concrete 6.
  • One end of the screw shaft 2 protrudes from the cutter bar 5, that is, a nut is provided at the end of the screw shaft 2 to facilitate the rotation of the screw shaft 2, and a bearing is arranged between the screw shaft 2 and the cutter bar 5.
  • a rolling bearing specifically the first rolling bearing 3 and the second rolling bearing 7, the screw shaft 2 and the inner ring of the bearing, and the outer ring of the bearing and the tool bar 5 adopt an interference fit.
  • the knife bar 5 is provided with scale lines at the end of the groove knife 13, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the position of the groove knife 13 can be confirmed by the setting of the scale lines.
  • the center distance of the two groove knife tips can be adjusted in the range of 10-25mm , It is suitable for processing various types of pulley grooves.
  • the vertical force of the screw shaft 12 is very small, and the two ends of the screw shaft 12 are in interference connection with the bearing, and the specific position of the moving knife can be adjusted manually.
  • the tool device provided in this embodiment can be applied to vertical CNC lathes and horizontal CNC lathes. According to the size and position requirements of the pulley groove, the distance between the two groove knives is manually adjusted according to the scale line, and after locking Install it on the lathe tool post for rough machining of the pulley groove.
  • the present invention also provides a method for rough machining the pulley groove, using the tool device for rough machining the pulley groove.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，包括刀杆(5)，刀杆(5)设置凹槽；移动刀具体(6)，设于刀杆(5)凹槽内，丝杠轴(2)将移动刀具体(6)与刀杆(5)联动连接，且丝杠轴(2)与移动刀具体(6)配合实现自锁的螺旋升降机构；至少两个槽刀(13)，其中一个槽刀(13)安装于移动刀具体(6)端部，另一个安装于刀杆(5)端部，转动丝杠轴(2)，以调节槽刀(13)之间的距离。还包括一种使用这种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置的加工方法。可以实现皮带轮加工效率高、降低对刀具磨损。

Description

一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机械加工领域，特别是涉及一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置及方法。
背景技术
皮带轮属于盘式轮毂零件，一般尺寸较大，制造过程中主要是铸造和锻造。一般情况下，尺寸较大的设计采用铸造法。材料通常是铸铁(铸造性能好)，铸钢很少使用(铸造性能差)。一般来说，较小的尺寸可以锻造成型，材料采用钢。皮带轮作为传动系统的主要支柱产业，我国皮带轮产业近几年来发展非常迅速。国内皮带轮制造商与国外先进技术的差距进一步缩小。目前，我国生产的皮带轮已经能够满足国内外市场的需求。但是，我国皮带轮行业还存在着生产企业多、规模小、出口产品水平低、出口市场集中、价格竞争激烈等一系列问题。此外，由于传动系统对零件重量的要求以及皮带轮原材料铸件价格的增长，皮带轮的加工制造技术也在快速的变革。
我国皮带轮行业的国内市场占有很大的市场份额，但自主创新能力仍然很薄弱，核心技术受到限制。产品和产业结构也不尽合理；市场格局和激烈竞争态势等问题依然突出。我国与国外在主机制造方面的差距日益缩小。然而，有些零部件的生产仍存在许多长期依赖进口的问题。“中低端过剩，高端严重不足”现象十分明显。一般来说，较大尺寸的皮带轮设计为铸造，而较小尺寸的皮带轮可设计为锻造。
车削加工是机械加工中最常用的加工方法之一。由于数控车床具有加工精度高、可以进行直线插补和圆弧插补、加工时能自动变速等特点，其工艺范围比普通机床要宽得多。所有可以安装在车床夹具上的零件都可以在车床上加工。现阶段我国工厂企业皮带轮的加工工艺过程为：粗车轮廓端面—精车轮廓端面—拉键槽—粗车皮带轮槽—精车皮带轮槽。而皮带轮槽的现加工方式是：排刀轧车，然后轮廓精车。加工时间长，效率低，在这过程中夹紧后车削易变形；装夹轻时易掉件。
皮带轮不仅市场需求量大，加工质量的要求较高，例如要求表面无杂质、组 织均匀、粗糙度低、直线度好等；而且在加工铸铁皮带轮时，其刀具的磨损速度较快、加工时切削速度较小、其形状精度难以保证，因此生产成本比较高、生产效率低下、成产加工的质量差等问题。数控加工技术是未来数十年机械加工的发展趋势，是建设现代制造业的重要且必要的技术支撑，它的应用也将越来越广泛。利用数控车床加工皮带轮的轮槽，一般主要有一下四种加工方法：
第一种方法：和普通车床加工皮带轮轮槽工艺一样，采用切槽车刀和成形车刀互相配合使用，利用程序控制方法对工件进行加工：先用切槽车刀加工出直槽，然后用成形车刀修整轮槽。第二种方法：采用切槽车刀和左右偏刀互相配合使用，利用程序控制方法对零件进行加工：先用切槽车刀加工出直槽，再用左偏刀加工出左侧面，然后用右偏刀加工出右侧面，从而实现V型皮带轮的轮槽加工。第三种方法：采用一次成形车刀，直接将轮槽加工出来。第四种方法：只采用一把切槽车刀，利用程序控制方法对零件进行加工：先利用车削加工出直槽，再用切槽车刀的左刀尖加工出轮槽的左侧面，然后用切槽车刀的右刀尖加工出轮槽的右侧面，最后再进行精加工，一步步地完成V型带轮轮槽的车削加工。
第一种方法的优点是工艺成熟，容易实现，程序编制简单，缺点是废品率较高，需要修磨出成形车刀，单件小批量生产时成本高。第二种方法的优点是工艺成熟，车刀刚性好，加工精度较高，缺点是对刀操作复杂，由于左右偏刀的尺寸较大，不适宜小尺寸的轮槽加工。第三种方法的优点是加工效率高，一次成型，缺点是成本比较高，刀具磨损严重。第四种方法的优点是刀具简单，对刀操作简单，程序绘制较简单，容易实现，加工精度好，适用于小批量或大批量的加工，缺点是车刀刚性较差，需要小心选择加工参数。
由于第四种方法具有选用加工刀具简单，容易实现，加工精度较高的特点，程序编制容易等优点，所以目前国内选用第四种方法：采用一把普通的切槽刀，用数控车床进行加工，实现皮带轮轮槽的加工。但发明人发现以上加工方式仍有不足之处，加工效率比较低，虽然现已有多齿成形车刀，采用一次成型，但对刀具损耗较大，磨损后，需要对车刀进行修磨，成本非常高，适用性单一，除一些有特别要求的零件外，一般不采用这种刀具。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装 置，能有效对槽刀之间的间距进行调整，适应能力强，适应范围更广。
本发明还提供了一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的方法，能有效提高皮带轮槽加工的效率。
一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置的具体方案如下：
一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，包括：
刀杆，刀杆设置凹槽；
移动刀具体，设于刀杆凹槽内，丝杠轴将移动刀具体与刀杆联动连接，且丝杠轴与移动刀具体配合实现自锁的螺旋升降机构；
至少两个槽刀，其中一个槽刀安装于移动刀具体端部，另一个安装于刀杆端部，转动丝杠轴，以调节槽刀之间的距离。
上述的刀具装置，丝杠轴将移动刀具体和刀杆联动连接，移动刀具体在刀杆凹槽内有活动空间，通过转动丝杠轴，就可以实现移动刀具体带动相应槽刀的移动，便于调节移动刀具体相对于刀杆的高度。
进一步地，刀具装置还包括锁紧件，锁紧件连接所述的刀杆与所述移动刀具体。
进一步地，所述锁紧件包括安装于所述刀杆同一纵向面的第一紧定螺钉和锥端定位螺钉，第一紧定螺钉设于丝杠轴的一侧，锁紧件还包括设于所述丝杠轴另一侧的第二紧定螺钉，在对槽刀位置确定后，通过锥端定位螺钉对移动刀具体进行定位连接，然后再通过第一紧定螺钉实现移动刀具体与刀杆的连接，其中第一紧定螺钉在上，锥端定位螺钉在下。
进一步地，所述第一紧定螺钉为平端紧定螺钉，为了对移动刀具体锁紧均衡，特设置了第二紧定螺钉，所述第二紧定螺钉为刀具体内六角圆柱头螺钉。
进一步地，所述刀具装置还包括纵向穿过所述刀杆和移动刀具体的至少一根光轴，贯穿设置的光轴用于在刀杆的纵向方向对移动刀具体进行导向，移动刀具体通过刀杆端面、刀杆内侧壁及锥端定位螺钉进行完全定位。
进一步地，所述光轴设于所述丝杠轴的两侧。
进一步地，所述丝杠轴一端突出于所述刀杆设置，即在丝杠轴端部设置螺母，以方便对丝杠轴的转动，且丝杠轴与刀杆之间设置轴承，丝杠轴与轴承内圈，轴承外圈与刀杆之间均采用过盈配合的方式。
进一步地，所述刀杆端部设置用于对所述槽刀压紧的压板，压板通过第三锁紧螺钉与所述刀杆连接，这样第三锁紧螺钉的设置可使压板对槽刀进行压紧。
进一步地，所述刀杆在所述槽刀设置的端部设置刻度线，通过刻度线的设置便于对槽刀的位置确认，两槽刀刀尖的中心距可调节范围为10～25mm，可适用多种型号的皮带轮轮槽加工。丝杠轴的竖直方向受力很小，丝杠轴两端与轴承采用过盈连接，可以通过手动调节来调节移动刀具体的位置。
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明还提供了一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的方法，采用所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1)本发明通过移动刀具体的设置，可根据不同型号的皮带轮调节两槽刀的刀具，从而加工不同轮槽中心距的皮带轮，适应能力更强，适应范围更广。
2)本发明的刀具为槽刀，大大降低了成本，而且可快速更换槽刀，无需现场进行修磨，避免对生产造成影响。
3)本发明理论上可以提高轮槽工序50％的加工效率，这对皮带轮批量生产有很大的效益，能够适应各种生产规模，提高加工效率，而且可以有效降低对刀具的磨损。建议删除后半句，本发明并不能减少刀具磨损
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明实施例中装置的剖视图；
图2为本发明实施例中装置的主视图；
图3为本发明实施例中装置的俯视图；
图4为本发明实施例中装置的侧视图；
图5为本发明实施例中刀杆的剖视图；
图6为本发明实施例中刀杆的主视图；
图7为本发明实施例中刀杆的侧视图；
图8为本发明实施例中移动刀具体的主视图；
图9为本发明实施例中移动刀具体的俯视图；
其中：1-开槽平端紧定螺钉，2-丝杠轴，3-第一滚动轴承，4-光轴，5-刀杆， 6-移动刀具体，7-第二滚动轴承，8-开槽锥端定位螺钉，9-刀具体内六角圆柱头螺钉，10-压板，11-内六角圆柱头螺钉，12-轴用弹性挡圈，13-槽刀，14-长条孔，15-伸出段，16-光轴孔，17-螺钉安装孔。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中存在的不足，为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置。
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1-图4所示，一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，包括刀杆5，刀杆5设置凹槽；移动刀具体6，设于刀杆5凹槽内，丝杠轴2将移动刀具体6与刀杆5联动连接；至少两个槽刀13，其中一个槽刀安装于移动刀具体6端部，另一个安装于刀杆5端部，转动丝杠轴2，以调节槽刀之间的距离。
在一些实施例中，刀杆5的材料为45钢，移动刀具体的材料为40Cr，具体材料可进行更换，不做强制限定。
上述的刀具装置，丝杠轴2将移动刀具体和刀杆联动连接，移动刀具体在刀杆凹槽内有活动空间，通过转动丝杠轴2，就可以实现移动刀具体6带动相应槽刀的移动，便于调节移动刀具体6相对于刀杆5的高度，此外丝杠轴2与移动刀具体6配合，能够实现自锁，自锁条件：螺纹升角α＜θ，静摩擦因数μ 0＝0.1，μ 0＝tanθ则θ为5°43′，α＝4°～4°13′，本实施例中丝杠轴2选用螺纹升角α＝4°。其中，槽刀13设置弧形定位槽，槽刀13弧形定位槽通过设于刀杆5和移动刀具体6端部的弧形定位面进行定位，从而便于安装。刀杆5端部设置用 于对所述槽刀压紧的压板10，压板10通过第三锁紧螺钉与所述刀杆5连接，这样第三锁紧螺钉的设置可使压板对槽刀13进行压紧，如图2所示，第三锁紧螺钉为内六角圆柱头螺钉11。
槽刀13为普通槽刀，皮带轮加工轮槽之前外轮廓直径相同，理论上，在误差允许范围内，加工出来的轮槽基本上是相同的。
刀具装置还包括锁紧件，锁紧件连接所述的刀杆5与所述移动刀具体6。锁紧件包括安装于所述刀杆5同一纵向面的第一紧定螺钉和开槽锥端定位螺钉8，第一紧定螺钉设于丝杠轴2的一侧，锁紧件还包括设于所述丝杠轴另一侧的第二紧定螺钉，第二紧定螺钉与第一紧定螺钉相互垂直，在对槽刀13位置确定后，通过锥端定位螺钉对移动刀具体进行定位连接，然后再通过第一紧定螺钉实现移动刀具体6与刀杆5的连接，其中第一紧定螺钉在上，开槽锥端定位螺钉8在下，二者同一直线设置，刀杆5设置螺纹孔，用于安装相应的锁紧件，如图5和图6所示，且刀杆5用于安装槽刀的端面一侧设置伸出段15用于保护槽刀。
如图8和图9所示，移动刀具体6设置螺钉安装孔17，刀杆5侧部设置长条孔14，刀具体内六角圆柱头螺钉9穿过刀杆长条孔14、螺钉安装孔17与移动刀具体6连接，在一些实施例中，刀具体内六角圆柱头螺钉9可设有多个，以从刀杆侧部稳定移动刀具体6的安装。
第一紧定螺钉为开槽平端紧定螺钉1，为了对移动刀具体锁紧均衡，增强稳固性，特设置了第二紧定螺钉，第二紧定螺钉为刀具体内六角圆柱头螺钉9。
刀具装置还包括纵向穿过刀杆和移动刀具体的至少一根光轴4，贯穿设置的光轴4用于在刀杆5的纵向方向对移动刀具体进行导向，在一些实施例中，设置两根光轴4，光轴4设于丝杠轴2的两侧，光轴4设于锁紧件的外侧，光轴4与刀杆5之间设置轴用弹性挡圈12，在移动刀具体6设置光轴孔16用于光轴的穿过，光轴4与丝杠轴2平行设置，光轴4与刀具体内六角圆柱头螺钉9相互垂直设置。
通过光轴4与锁紧件的设置，移动刀具体6通过刀杆设有刻度的端面、刀杆内侧壁两个面定位限制五个自由度，即刀杆5设置开口槽，通过开口槽设置移动刀具体6并限制移动刀具体6的部分自由度，开口槽的高度大于移动刀具体6的高度，这便于对移动刀具体高度的调节，再通过开槽锥端定位螺钉8限制一个 自由度，实现对移动刀具体6的定位。
丝杠轴2一端突出于所述刀杆5设置，即在丝杠轴2端部设置螺母，以方便对丝杠轴2的转动，且丝杠轴2与刀杆5之间设置轴承，轴承为滚动轴承，具体为第一滚动轴承3和第二滚动轴承7，丝杠轴2与轴承内圈，轴承外圈与刀杆5之间均采用过盈配合的方式。
刀杆5在槽刀13设置的端部设置刻度线，如图4所示，通过刻度线的设置便于对槽刀13的位置确认，两槽刀刀尖的中心距可调节范围为10～25mm，可适用多种型号的皮带轮轮槽加工。丝杠轴12的竖直方向受力很小，丝杠轴12两端与轴承采用过盈连接，可以通过手动调节来调节移动刀具体的位置。
本实施例提供的刀具装置可以适用于立式数控车车床又可适用于卧式数控车床，根据皮带轮轮槽的尺寸及位置要求，按照刻度线手动调好两把槽刀的间距，锁紧之后安装到车床刀架上，进行皮带轮轮槽的粗加工。
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明还提供了一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的方法，采用所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，包括：
    刀杆，刀杆设置凹槽；
    移动刀具体，设于刀杆凹槽内，丝杠轴将移动刀具体与刀杆联动连接，且丝杠轴与移动刀具体配合实现自锁的螺旋升降机构；
    至少两个槽刀，其中一个槽刀安装于移动刀具体端部，另一个安装于刀杆端部，转动丝杠轴，以调节槽刀之间的距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，还包括锁紧件，锁紧件连接所述的刀杆与所述移动刀具体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，所述锁紧件包括安装于所述刀杆同一纵向面的第一紧定螺钉和锥端定位螺钉，第一紧定螺钉设于丝杠轴的一侧，锁紧件还包括设于所述丝杠轴另一侧的第二紧定螺钉。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，所述第一紧定螺钉为平端紧定螺钉，所述第二紧定螺钉为刀具体内六角圆柱头螺钉。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，还包括纵向穿过所述刀杆和移动刀具体的至少一根光轴。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，所述丝杠轴一端突出于所述刀杆设置，且丝杠轴与刀杆之间设置轴承。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，所述刀杆端部设置用于对所述槽刀压紧的压板，压板通过第三锁紧螺钉与所述刀杆连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，所述刀杆在所述槽刀设置的端部设置刻度线。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置，其特征在于，所述光轴设于所述丝杠轴的两侧。
  10. 一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-9中任一项所述的一种用于粗加工皮带轮槽的刀具装置。
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CN120362536B (zh) * 2025-06-10 2025-10-24 丹东华骏机床有限责任公司 一种可调整刀具的数控机床

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