WO2020162531A1 - 偏光膜、偏光板、および該偏光膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
偏光膜、偏光板、および該偏光膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020162531A1 WO2020162531A1 PCT/JP2020/004508 JP2020004508W WO2020162531A1 WO 2020162531 A1 WO2020162531 A1 WO 2020162531A1 JP 2020004508 W JP2020004508 W JP 2020004508W WO 2020162531 A1 WO2020162531 A1 WO 2020162531A1
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- polarizing film
- stretching
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- based resin
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00634—Production of filters
- B29D11/00644—Production of filters polarizing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/08—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of polarising materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polarizing film, a polarizing plate, and a method for manufacturing the polarizing film.
- a liquid crystal display device which is a typical image display device, has polarizing films on both sides of the liquid crystal cell due to its image forming method.
- a method for producing a polarizing film for example, a method in which a laminate having a resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin layer is stretched and then subjected to dyeing treatment to obtain a polarizing film on the resin substrate It has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). According to such a method, a polarizing film having a small thickness can be obtained, and therefore, it has been noted that it can contribute to the thinning of the image display device in recent years.
- the thin polarizing film as described above has a problem that it is easy to tear along the absorption axis direction (easy to tear).
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its main object is to provide a polarizing film in which breakage along the absorption axis direction is suppressed.
- the polarizing film according to the embodiment of the present invention is made of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film containing a dichroic material and has an orientation function of 0.30 or less. In one embodiment, the polarizing film has a thickness of 8 ⁇ m or less. In one embodiment, the polarizing film has a single transmittance of 40.0% or more and a polarization degree of 99.0% or more. In one embodiment, the polarizing film has a puncture strength of 30 gf/ ⁇ m or more.
- a polarizing film according to another embodiment of the present invention is composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film containing a dichroic substance, and has a puncture strength of 30 gf/ ⁇ m or more.
- a polarizing plate has the above-mentioned polarizing film and a protective layer arranged on at least one side of the polarizing film.
- a method for manufacturing the above polarizing film comprises forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer containing iodide or sodium chloride and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin on one side of a long thermoplastic resin substrate to form a laminate; and the laminate.
- the total draw ratio of the in-air supplementary stretching treatment and the in-water stretching treatment is 3.0 to 4.5 times the original length of the laminate; It is larger than the draw ratio of the drawing process.
- the orientation function by setting the orientation function to 0.30 or less, or the puncture strength to 30 gf/ ⁇ m or more, a polarizing film in which breakage along the absorption axis direction is suppressed can be realized. It can. Conventionally, it was difficult to obtain acceptable optical characteristics (typically, single transmittance and degree of polarization) with a polarizing film having such a small orientation function. It is possible to achieve both an orientation function and an acceptable optical characteristic. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to achieve both such a high puncture strength and an acceptable optical characteristic.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic which shows an example of the drying shrinkage process using a heating roll.
- the polarizing film according to the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin film containing a dichroic substance (typically, iodine or a dichroic dye) and has an orientation function of 0.30 or less. Is. With such a configuration, it is possible to significantly prevent the polarizing film from tearing (breaking) along the absorption axis direction. As a result, a polarizing film having extremely excellent flexibility (as a result, a polarizing plate) can be obtained.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Such a polarizing film (and consequently a polarizing plate) can be applied to a curved image display device, more preferably a foldable image display device, and further preferably a foldable image display device.
- the orientation function is, for example, 0.25 or less, preferably 0.22 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less, further preferably 0.18 or less, and particularly preferably 0.15 or less. ..
- the lower limit of the orientation function can be, for example, 0.05. If the orientation function is too small, acceptable single transmittance and/or degree of polarization may not be obtained.
- the orientation function (f) is obtained by, for example, an attenuated total reflection (ATR) measurement using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and polarized light as the measurement light. Specifically, the measurement was performed with the stretching direction of the polarizing film parallel and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the measurement light, and the intensity at 2941 cm ⁇ 1 of the obtained absorbance spectrum was used to calculate according to the following formula. To be done.
- the intensity I as a reference peak to 3330cm -1, a value of 2941cm -1 / 3330cm -1.
- the peak at 2941 cm ⁇ 1 is considered to be absorption due to vibration of the main chain (—CH 2 —) of PVA in the polarizing film.
- ⁇ 90°.
- ⁇ angle of molecular chain with respect to stretching direction
- ⁇ angle of transition dipole moment with respect to molecular chain axis
- I ⁇ Absorption intensity when the polarization direction of the measurement light is perpendicular to the stretching direction of the polarizing film
- I // Absorption intensity when the polarization direction of the measurement light is parallel to the stretching direction of the polarizing film
- the thickness of the polarizing film is preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the polarizing film may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the polarizing film is 2 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m in one embodiment, 2 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m in another embodiment, 2 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m in still another embodiment, and 5.5 ⁇ m to 7. ⁇ m in still another embodiment. It may be 5 ⁇ m, and in yet another embodiment 6 ⁇ m to 7.2 ⁇ m.
- the polarizing film preferably exhibits absorption dichroism at any wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the single transmittance of the polarizing film is preferably 40.0% or more, more preferably 41.0% or more.
- the upper limit of the simple substance transmittance may be, for example, 49.0%.
- the single transmittance of the polarizing film is 40.0% to 45.0% in one embodiment.
- the polarization degree of the polarizing film is preferably 99.0% or more, more preferably 99.4% or more.
- the upper limit of the degree of polarization may be, for example, 99.999%.
- the polarization degree of the polarizing film is 99.0% to 99.99% in one embodiment.
- the present invention such a practically acceptable single transmittance and degree of polarization can be realized even though the orientation function is very small as described above. It is assumed that this is due to the manufacturing method described later.
- the single transmittance is typically a Y value measured with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and subjected to luminosity correction.
- the degree of polarization is typically obtained by the following formula based on the parallel transmittance Tp and the orthogonal transmittance Tc measured by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and subjected to the visibility correction.
- Polarization degree (%) ⁇ (Tp ⁇ Tc)/(Tp+Tc) ⁇ 1/2 ⁇ 100
- the puncture strength of the polarizing film is 30 gf/ ⁇ m or more, preferably 35 gf/ ⁇ m or more, more preferably 40 gf/ ⁇ m or more, further preferably 45 gf/ ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 50 gf/ ⁇ m or more. Is.
- the upper limit of puncture strength may be, for example, 80 gf/ ⁇ m.
- the puncture strength indicates the crack resistance of the polarizing film when the polarizing film is pierced with a predetermined strength.
- the puncture strength can be expressed, for example, as the strength (breaking strength) at which the polarizing film is broken when a predetermined needle is attached to the compression tester and the needle is pierced into the polarizing film at a predetermined speed.
- the puncture strength means the puncture strength per unit thickness (1 ⁇ m) of the polarizing film.
- the polarizing film is composed of a PVA resin film containing iodine as described above.
- the PVA-based resin forming the PVA-based resin film includes an acetoacetyl-modified PVA-based resin.
- a polarizing film having a desired puncture strength can be obtained.
- the content of the acetoacetyl-modified PVA-based resin is preferably 5% by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably 8% by weight to 12% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the entire PVA-based resin. ..
- the puncture strength can be set in a more suitable range.
- the polarizing film can be typically manufactured by using a laminate of two or more layers.
- Specific examples of the polarizing film obtained by using the laminate include a polarizing film obtained by using a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA-based resin layer formed by coating on the resin base material.
- a polarizing film obtained by using a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA-based resin layer formed by coating on the resin base material is, for example, a resin base material obtained by applying a PVA-based resin solution to the resin base material and drying the solution.
- a PVA-based resin layer is formed thereon to obtain a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA-based resin layer; the laminate is stretched and dyed to form the PVA-based resin layer as a polarizing film.
- a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer containing a halide and a polyvinyl alcohol resin is formed on one side of the resin substrate.
- Stretching typically involves dipping the laminate in an aqueous boric acid solution and stretching. Further, the stretching preferably further includes stretching the laminate in air at a high temperature (for example, 95° C. or higher) before stretching in the aqueous boric acid solution.
- the total stretching ratio is, for example, 3.0 times to 4.5 times, which is significantly smaller than usual. Even with such a total stretching ratio, a polarizing film having acceptable optical characteristics can be obtained by adding a halide and combining with a drying shrinkage treatment.
- the draw ratio of the in-air auxiliary drawing is larger than the draw ratio of the underwater boric acid drawing.
- the laminate is preferably subjected to a dry shrinkage treatment in which the laminate is shrunk by 2% or more in the width direction by heating while being conveyed in the longitudinal direction.
- the method for producing a polarizing film includes subjecting the laminate to an in-air auxiliary stretching treatment, a dyeing treatment, an underwater stretching treatment, and a drying shrinkage treatment in this order.
- the crystallinity of PVA can be enhanced and high optical characteristics can be achieved even when PVA is applied onto the thermoplastic resin.
- by preliminarily enhancing the orientation of PVA it is possible to prevent problems such as reduction in orientation and dissolution of PVA when immersed in water in a subsequent dyeing step or stretching step, and high optical characteristics. Can be achieved.
- the alignment disorder of the polyvinyl alcohol molecules and the decrease in the orientation can be suppressed as compared with the case where the PVA-based resin layer does not contain a halide.
- the obtained resin base material/polarizing film laminate may be used as it is (that is, the resin base material may be used as a protective layer for the polarizing film), or the resin base material is peeled from the resin base material/polarizing film laminate.
- any appropriate protective layer depending on the purpose may be laminated on the peeled surface and used. Details of the method of manufacturing the polarizing film will be described later in the section C.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarizing plate according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the polarizing plate 100 includes a polarizing film 10, a first protective layer 20 arranged on one side of the polarizing film 10, and a second protective layer 30 arranged on the other side of the polarizing film 10.
- the polarizing film 10 is the polarizing film of the present invention described in the above section A.
- One of the first protective layer 20 and the second protective layer 30 may be omitted.
- one of the first protective layer and the second protective layer may be the resin base material used for manufacturing the above-mentioned polarizing film.
- the first and second protective layers are formed of any appropriate film that can be used as a protective layer for the polarizing film.
- the material that is the main component of the film include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyester resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyether sulfone resins, and polysulfone resins.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- polyester resins polyvinyl alcohol resins
- polycarbonate resins polyamide resins
- polyimide resins polyether sulfone resins
- polysulfone resins polysulfone resins.
- thermosetting resin such as a (meth)acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a (meth)acrylic urethane resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, or an ultraviolet curable resin
- a glassy polymer such as a siloxane polymer may be used.
- the polymer film described in JP 2001-343529 A (WO 01/37007) can also be used. Examples of the material of this film include a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted imide group in its side chain and a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a nitrile group in its side chain.
- the polymer film can be, for example, an extruded product of the resin composition.
- the thickness of the protective layer (outer protective layer) arranged on the side opposite to the display panel is typically 300 ⁇ m or less, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably The thickness is 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the outer protective layer is the thickness including the thickness of the surface treated layer.
- the thickness of the protective layer (inner protective layer) arranged on the display panel side is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m. is there.
- the inner protective layer is a retardation layer having any suitable retardation value.
- the in-plane retardation Re(550) of the retardation layer is, for example, 110 nm to 150 nm.
- nx is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (that is, the slow axis direction), and “ny” is in the surface in the direction orthogonal to the slow axis (that is, the fast phase). Is the refractive index in the axial direction, “nz” is the refractive index in the thickness direction, and “d” is the thickness (nm) of the layer (film).
- a method for manufacturing a polarizing film according to one embodiment of the present invention is a polyvinyl alcohol containing a halide and a polyvinyl alcohol resin (PVA resin) on one side of a long thermoplastic resin substrate.
- PVA system resin layer a system resin layer
- the content of the halide in the PVA-based resin layer is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA-based resin.
- the drying shrinkage treatment is preferably performed using a heating roll, and the temperature of the heating roll is preferably 60° C. to 120° C.
- the shrinkage ratio in the width direction of the laminate by the dry shrinkage treatment is preferably 2% or more.
- the polarizing film described in the above section A can be obtained.
- by producing a laminate including a PVA-based resin layer containing a halide stretching the laminate by multistage stretching including in-air auxiliary stretching and underwater stretching, and heating the laminated body after heating with a heating roll. It is possible to obtain a polarizing film having excellent optical characteristics (typically, single-piece transmittance and unit absorbance).
- a PVA-based resin layer is formed on the thermoplastic resin substrate by applying a coating liquid containing a halide and a PVA-based resin on the surface of the thermoplastic resin substrate and drying the coating liquid.
- the content of the halide in the PVA-based resin layer is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA-based resin.
- any suitable method can be adopted as the method for applying the application liquid.
- a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a wire bar coating method, a dip coating method, a die coating method, a curtain coating method, a spray coating method, a knife coating method (a comma coating method, etc.) and the like can be mentioned.
- the coating/drying temperature of the coating liquid is preferably 50° C. or higher.
- the thickness of the PVA resin layer is preferably 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic resin substrate Before the PVA-based resin layer is formed, the thermoplastic resin substrate may be subjected to surface treatment (for example, corona treatment), or the easily adhesive layer may be formed on the thermoplastic resin substrate. By performing such a treatment, the adhesion between the thermoplastic resin base material and the PVA-based resin layer can be improved.
- surface treatment for example, corona treatment
- the easily adhesive layer may be formed on the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- thermoplastic resin base material any suitable thermoplastic resin film can be adopted. Details of the thermoplastic resin substrate are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-73580. The entire disclosure of this publication is incorporated herein by reference.
- the coating liquid contains a halide and a PVA-based resin as described above.
- the coating liquid is typically a solution prepared by dissolving the halide and the PVA resin in a solvent.
- the solvent include water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, various glycols, polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, and amines such as ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, water is preferable.
- the concentration of the PVA resin in the solution is preferably 3 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solvent. With such a resin concentration, it is possible to form a uniform coating film in close contact with the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- the content of the halide in the coating liquid is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA-based resin.
- Additives may be added to the coating liquid.
- the additive include a plasticizer and a surfactant.
- the plasticizer include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin.
- the surfactant include nonionic surfactants. These can be used for the purpose of further improving the uniformity, dyeability and stretchability of the obtained PVA-based resin layer.
- any suitable resin can be adopted as the PVA-based resin.
- Examples thereof include polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
- Polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer can be obtained by saponifying an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the degree of saponification of the PVA-based resin is usually 85 mol% to 100 mol%, preferably 95.0 mol% to 99.95 mol%, and more preferably 99.0 mol% to 99.93 mol%. ..
- the degree of saponification can be determined according to JIS K 6726-1994.
- the PVA-based resin By using a PVA-based resin having such a saponification degree, a polarizing film having excellent durability can be obtained. If the degree of saponification is too high, gelation may occur.
- the PVA-based resin preferably comprises an acetoacetyl-modified PVA-based resin.
- the average degree of polymerization of the PVA resin can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the average degree of polymerization is usually 1000 to 10000, preferably 1200 to 4500, and more preferably 1500 to 4300.
- the average degree of polymerization can be determined according to JIS K 6726-1994.
- halide any appropriate halide can be adopted as the above-mentioned halide.
- examples include iodide and sodium chloride.
- examples of iodides include potassium iodide, sodium iodide, and lithium iodide. Among these, potassium iodide is preferable.
- the amount of halide in the coating solution is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of PVA-based resin, and more preferably 10 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of PVA-based resin. It is a department. If the amount of the halide exceeds 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA-based resin, the halide may bleed out, and the finally obtained polarizing film may become cloudy.
- the orientation of the polyvinyl alcohol molecules in the PVA-based resin becomes high.
- the stretched PVA-based resin layer is immersed in a liquid containing water, the polyvinyl alcohol molecules The orientation may be disturbed and the orientation may be deteriorated.
- the laminate in boric acid water when stretching the laminate in boric acid water at a relatively high temperature in order to stabilize the stretching of the thermoplastic resin, The tendency of the reduction of the degree of orientation is remarkable.
- stretching of a PVA film alone in boric acid water is generally performed at 60° C.
- stretching of a laminate of A-PET (thermoplastic resin base material) and PVA-based resin layer is performed. It is carried out at a high temperature of around 70° C.
- the orientation of PVA in the initial stage of stretching may be lowered in the stage before being raised by the underwater stretching.
- by producing a laminate of a PVA-based resin layer containing a halide and a thermoplastic resin substrate and stretching the laminate at high temperature in air (auxiliary stretching) before stretching in boric acid water.
- the crystallization of the PVA-based resin in the PVA-based resin layer of the laminate after the auxiliary stretching can be promoted.
- the disorder of the alignment of the polyvinyl alcohol molecules and the deterioration of the orientation can be suppressed as compared with the case where the PVA-based resin layer does not contain a halide.
- This can improve the optical characteristics of the polarizing film obtained through a treatment process such as a dyeing treatment and an underwater stretching treatment performed by immersing the laminate in a liquid.
- auxiliary stretching treatment In order to obtain particularly high optical properties, a two-stage stretching method is selected in which dry stretching (auxiliary stretching) and boric acid in-water stretching are combined. By introducing auxiliary stretching like two-stage stretching, it is possible to stretch while suppressing crystallization of the thermoplastic resin substrate. Furthermore, when applying the PVA-based resin on the thermoplastic resin substrate, in order to suppress the influence of the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin substrate, compared with the case where the PVA-based resin is applied on the ordinary metal drum. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the coating temperature, and as a result, the crystallization of the PVA-based resin becomes relatively low, which may cause a problem that sufficient optical characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the crystallinity of the PVA-based resin can be increased even when the PVA-based resin is applied onto the thermoplastic resin, and high optical characteristics can be achieved. Become. Further, at the same time, by preliminarily enhancing the orientation of the PVA-based resin, it is possible to prevent problems such as deterioration of the orientation of the PVA-based resin and dissolution when the PVA-based resin is immersed in water in the subsequent dyeing step or stretching step. It becomes possible to achieve high optical characteristics.
- the stretching method for the in-air auxiliary stretching may be fixed-end stretching (for example, a stretching method using a tenter stretching machine) or free-end stretching (for example, a uniaxial stretching method in which a laminate is passed between rolls having different peripheral speeds).
- free end stretching can be positively adopted in order to obtain high optical characteristics.
- the in-air stretching treatment includes a heating roll stretching step of stretching the laminate by the difference in peripheral speed between the heating rolls while conveying the laminate in the longitudinal direction.
- the in-air stretching treatment typically includes a zone stretching step and a heating roll stretching step.
- the order of the zone stretching step and the heating roll stretching step is not limited, and the zone stretching step may be performed first or the heating roll stretching step may be performed first.
- the zone stretching step may be omitted.
- the zone stretching step and the heated roll stretching step are performed in this order.
- the film in the tenter stretching machine, the film is stretched by gripping the end portions of the film and widening the distance between the tenter in the flow direction (the spread of the distance between the tenter is the stretching ratio).
- the distance of the tenter in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the flow direction) is set to be arbitrarily close.
- it can be set so as to be closer to the free end stretching with respect to the stretching ratio in the machine direction.
- Assisted stretching in the air may be performed in one stage or in multiple stages.
- the draw ratio is the product of the draw ratio of each stage.
- the stretching direction in the in-air auxiliary stretching is preferably substantially the same as the stretching direction in the underwater stretching.
- the draw ratio in the in-air auxiliary drawing is preferably 1.0 to 4.0 times, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 times, and further preferably 2.0 to 3.0 times. is there.
- the total stretching ratio can be set to a desired range when combined with the underwater stretching, and a desired orientation function can be realized.
- the draw ratio of the in-air auxiliary drawing is larger than the draw ratio of boric acid in water drawing. With such a structure, a polarizing film having acceptable optical characteristics can be obtained even if the total stretching ratio is small.
- the drawing temperature of the in-air auxiliary drawing can be set to any appropriate value depending on the forming material of the thermoplastic resin substrate, the drawing method, and the like.
- the stretching temperature is preferably the glass transition temperature (Tg) or higher of the thermoplastic resin substrate, more preferably the glass transition temperature (Tg)+10° C. or higher of the thermoplastic resin substrate, and particularly preferably Tg+15° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the stretching temperature is preferably 170°C.
- an insolubilization treatment is carried out after the in-air auxiliary stretching treatment and before the underwater stretching treatment or the dyeing treatment.
- the insolubilization treatment is typically performed by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in an aqueous boric acid solution.
- the dyeing treatment is typically performed by dyeing the PVA-based resin layer with a dichroic material (typically iodine).
- a crosslinking treatment is performed after the dyeing treatment and before the underwater stretching treatment.
- the cross-linking treatment is typically performed by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in an aqueous boric acid solution. Details of the insolubilization treatment, the dyeing treatment, and the crosslinking treatment are described, for example, in JP 2012-73580 A (above).
- the underwater stretching treatment is performed by immersing the laminate in a stretching bath. According to the underwater stretching treatment, stretching can be performed at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature (typically about 80° C.) of the thermoplastic resin substrate or the PVA-based resin layer, and the PVA-based resin layer is crystallized. It can be stretched while suppressing. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a polarizing film having excellent optical characteristics.
- any appropriate method can be adopted as the stretching method of the laminate. Specifically, it may be fixed-end stretching or free-end stretching (for example, a method of uniaxially stretching by passing a laminate between rolls having different peripheral speeds). Preferably, free end stretching is selected. Stretching of the laminate may be performed in one stage or in multiple stages. When performing in multiple stages, the total draw ratio is the product of the draw ratios in each stage.
- the underwater stretching is preferably performed by immersing the laminate in an aqueous boric acid solution (boric acid underwater stretching).
- an aqueous boric acid solution as the stretching bath, the PVA-based resin layer can be provided with rigidity that can withstand the tension applied during stretching and water resistance that does not dissolve in water.
- boric acid can generate a tetrahydroxyborate anion in an aqueous solution to crosslink with a PVA-based resin by hydrogen bond.
- the PVA-based resin layer can be imparted with rigidity and water resistance, can be favorably stretched, and a polarizing film having excellent optical characteristics can be manufactured.
- the boric acid aqueous solution is preferably obtained by dissolving boric acid and/or borate in water as a solvent.
- the boric acid concentration is preferably 1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 2.5 parts by weight to 6 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 3 parts by weight to 5 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of water. Is.
- concentration of boric acid By setting the concentration of boric acid to 1 part by weight or more, dissolution of the PVA-based resin layer can be effectively suppressed, and a polarizing film having higher characteristics can be manufactured.
- an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving a boron compound such as borax, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, etc. in a solvent can also be used.
- iodide is added to the stretching bath (boric acid aqueous solution).
- the stretching bath boic acid aqueous solution.
- concentration of iodide is preferably 0.05 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of water.
- the stretching temperature (liquid temperature of the stretching bath) is preferably 40°C to 85°C, more preferably 60°C to 75°C. At such a temperature, the PVA-based resin layer can be stretched at a high ratio while suppressing the dissolution.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably 60° C. or higher in relation to the formation of the PVA-based resin layer. In this case, if the stretching temperature is lower than 40° C., it may not be possible to stretch well even if the plasticization of the thermoplastic resin substrate by water is taken into consideration. On the other hand, the higher the temperature of the drawing bath, the higher the solubility of the PVA-based resin layer, and there is a possibility that excellent optical characteristics will not be obtained.
- the immersion time of the laminate in the stretching bath is preferably 15 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the draw ratio by underwater drawing is preferably 1.0 to 3.0 times, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 times, and further preferably 1.0 to 1.5 times. ..
- the total draw ratio can be set in a desired range, and a desired orientation function can be realized. As a result, it is possible to obtain a polarizing film in which breakage along the absorption axis direction is suppressed.
- the total stretching ratio (the total of the stretching ratios when the in-air auxiliary stretching and the underwater stretching are combined) is, for example, 3.0 times to 4.0 times, and more preferably 3.0 times to 3.5 times.
- drying shrinkage treatment may be performed by zone heating performed by heating the entire zone, or may be performed by heating the transport roll (using a so-called heating roll) (heating roll drying method). Both are preferably used.
- heating roll heating roll drying method
- the crystallization of the thermoplastic resin substrate can be efficiently promoted to increase the crystallinity, which is relatively low. Even at the drying temperature, the crystallinity of the thermoplastic resin substrate can be satisfactorily increased.
- the rigidity of the thermoplastic resin base material increases, and the thermoplastic resin base material can withstand the shrinkage of the PVA-based resin layer due to drying, and curling is suppressed.
- the laminate can be dried while being kept flat, so that not only curling but also generation of wrinkles can be suppressed.
- the laminated body can be improved in optical characteristics by shrinking in the width direction by a drying shrinkage treatment. This is because the orientation of PVA and the PVA/iodine complex can be effectively enhanced.
- the shrinkage ratio in the width direction of the laminate due to the dry shrinkage treatment is preferably 1% to 10%, more preferably 2% to 8%, and particularly preferably 4% to 6%.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the drying shrinkage treatment.
- the laminate 200 is dried while being transported by the transport rolls R1 to R6 heated to a predetermined temperature and the guide rolls G1 to G4.
- the transport rolls R1 to R6 are arranged so as to alternately and continuously heat the surface of the PVA resin layer and the surface of the thermoplastic resin substrate, but for example, one surface of the laminate 200 (for example, thermoplastic resin) is used.
- the transport rolls R1 to R6 may be arranged so that only the resin substrate surface) is continuously heated.
- the drying conditions can be controlled by adjusting the heating temperature of the transport rolls (temperature of the heating rolls), the number of heating rolls, the contact time with the heating rolls, and the like.
- the temperature of the heating roll is preferably 60°C to 120°C, more preferably 65°C to 100°C, and particularly preferably 70°C to 80°C. It is possible to satisfactorily increase the crystallinity of the thermoplastic resin, satisfactorily suppress curling, and manufacture an optical laminate having extremely excellent durability.
- the temperature of the heating roll can be measured with a contact thermometer. In the illustrated example, six transport rolls are provided, but there is no particular limitation as long as there are multiple transport rolls.
- the number of transport rolls is usually 2 to 40, preferably 4 to 30.
- the contact time (total contact time) between the laminate and the heating roll is preferably 1 second to 300 seconds, more preferably 1 to 20 seconds, and further preferably 1 to 10 seconds.
- the heating roll may be provided in a heating furnace (for example, an oven) or may be provided in a normal production line (under room temperature environment). Preferably, it is provided in a heating furnace provided with a blowing means.
- a heating furnace provided with a blowing means.
- the temperature of hot air drying is preferably 30°C to 100°C.
- the hot air drying time is preferably 1 to 300 seconds.
- the velocity of the hot air is preferably about 10 m/s to 30 m/s.
- the wind speed is the wind speed in the heating furnace, and can be measured by a mini vane type digital anemometer.
- a washing treatment is performed after the underwater stretching treatment and before the drying shrinkage treatment.
- the washing treatment is typically performed by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in an aqueous potassium iodide solution.
- the measuring method of each characteristic is as follows. In the examples and comparative examples, “parts” and “%” are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
- Thickness The thickness was measured using an interference film thickness meter (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., product name "MCPD-3000"). The calculation wavelength range used for thickness calculation was 400 nm to 500 nm, and the refractive index was 1.53.
- the polarized infrared light (measurement light) to be incident is polarized light (s-polarized light) that oscillates parallel to the surface on which the sample of the germanium crystal is adhered, and the stretching direction of the polarizing film is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the measurement light ( ⁇ ) and the parallel (//) arrangement, the respective absorbance spectra were measured. From the obtained absorbance spectrum was calculated and a reference to (3330cm -1 intensity) (2941cm -1 intensity) I.
- I ⁇ is the relative polarization directions of the measurement light is obtained from the absorbance spectrum obtained when the stretching direction is arranged in a vertical ( ⁇ ) of the polarizing film (2941cm -1 intensity) / (3330cm -1 strength).
- I // is obtained from the absorbance spectrum obtained when the stretching direction of the polarizing film is arranged parallel (//) to the polarization direction of the measurement light (2941 cm ⁇ 1 intensity)/(3330 cm ⁇ 1 intensity) Is.
- (2941cm -1 strength) is the bottom of the absorption spectrum, the absorbance of 2941cm -1 when the 2770Cm -1 and 2990cm -1 were the baseline, (3330cm -1 strength), 2990Cm - 1 and 3650 cm -1 which is the absorbance of 3330cm -1 when the baseline.
- the orientation function f was calculated according to Equation 1 using the obtained I ⁇ and I // .
- the single-piece transmittance Ts, the parallel transmittance Tp, and the orthogonal transmittance Tc measured by using the values are respectively set as Ts, Tp, and Tc of the polarizing film.
- These Ts, Tp, and Tc are Y values measured by the 2-degree visual field (C light source) of JIS Z8701 and subjected to luminosity correction.
- the degree of polarization P was determined from the obtained Tp and Tc by the following formula.
- Polarization degree P(%) ⁇ (Tp ⁇ Tc)/(Tp+Tc) ⁇ 1/2 ⁇ 100
- the same measurement can be performed with "LPF-200" manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., and the same measurement result can be obtained regardless of which spectrophotometer is used. Has been confirmed.
- (4) Breaking strength A compression tester (manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd., product name “NDG5” needle) in which a polarizing film was peeled from the laminate of the polarizing film/thermoplastic resin substrate used in Examples and Comparative Examples, and a needle was attached.
- breaking strength As the evaluation value, the breaking strength of 10 sample pieces was measured and the average value thereof was used.
- the needle used had a tip diameter of 1 mm ⁇ and 0.5R.
- a jig having a circular opening with a diameter of about 11 mm was sandwiched and fixed from both sides of the polarizing film, and a needle was pierced at the center of the opening to conduct the test.
- the breaking strength per unit thickness was used as an index of the resistance to breakage, and evaluation was performed according to the following criteria. ⁇ : Breaking strength exceeds 30 gf/ ⁇ m ⁇ : Breaking strength is 30 gf/ ⁇ m or less
- thermoplastic resin substrate an amorphous isophthalic copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness: 100 ⁇ m) having a long shape, a water absorption of 0.75% and a Tg of about 75° C. was used. Corona treatment (treatment condition: 55 W ⁇ min/m 2 ) was applied to one surface of the resin substrate.
- Polyvinyl alcohol (polymerization degree: 4200, saponification degree: 99.2 mol%) and acetoacetyl-modified PVA (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "Gosephimmer Z410") mixed at 9:1 100 weight of PVA-based resin
- 13 parts by weight of potassium iodide was added to prepare a PVA aqueous solution (coating solution).
- the PVA aqueous solution was applied onto the corona-treated surface of the resin substrate and dried at 60° C. to form a PVA-based resin layer having a thickness of 13 ⁇ m, and a laminate was prepared.
- the obtained laminated body was uniaxially stretched by 2.4 times in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) between rolls having different peripheral speeds in an oven at 130° C. (in-air auxiliary stretching treatment).
- the laminate was immersed in an insolubilizing bath (solution of boric acid obtained by mixing 4 parts by weight of boric acid with 100 parts by weight of water) having a liquid temperature of 40° C. for 30 seconds (insolubilization treatment).
- a dyeing bath having a liquid temperature of 30° C. an iodine aqueous solution obtained by mixing iodine and potassium iodide in a weight ratio of 1:7 with respect to 100 parts by weight of water
- the sample was immersed for 60 seconds while adjusting the concentration so that the simple substance transmittance (Ts) was 41.6% (dyeing treatment). Then, it was immersed in a crosslinking bath at a liquid temperature of 40° C. (boric acid aqueous solution obtained by mixing 3 parts by weight of potassium iodide and 5 parts by weight of boric acid with 100 parts by weight of water) for 30 seconds. (Crosslinking treatment). Then, while immersing the laminated body in a boric acid aqueous solution (boric acid concentration: 4.0% by weight, potassium iodide: 5.0% by weight) having a liquid temperature of 62° C., the laminate was vertically (lengthwise) between rolls having different peripheral speeds.
- Ts simple substance transmittance
- underwater stretching treatment the stretching ratio in the underwater stretching treatment was 1.25 times.
- the laminate was immersed in a cleaning bath having a liquid temperature of 20° C. (an aqueous solution obtained by mixing 4 parts by weight of potassium iodide with 100 parts by weight of water) (cleaning treatment).
- cleaning treatment while being dried in an oven kept at 90° C., it was brought into contact with a heating roll made of SUS whose surface temperature was kept at 75° C. for about 2 seconds (dry shrinkage treatment).
- the shrinkage ratio in the width direction of the laminate due to the dry shrinkage treatment was 2%. In this way, a 7.1 ⁇ m thick polarizing film was formed on the resin substrate.
- Table 1 shows the orientation function, simple substance transmittance, polarization degree and breaking strength of the obtained polarizing film.
- Example 2 A polarizing film having a thickness of 6.6 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the stretching ratio in the underwater stretching treatment was 1.45 and the total stretching ratio was 3.5. The obtained polarizing film was subjected to the same evaluations as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A polarizing film having a thickness of 6.1 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the draw ratio in the underwater drawing treatment was 1.67 and the total draw ratio was 4.0. The obtained polarizing film was subjected to the same evaluations as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A polarizing film having a thickness of 5.6 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the stretching ratio in the underwater stretching treatment was 1.87 and the total stretching ratio was 4.5. The obtained polarizing film was subjected to the same evaluations as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 A thickness of 5. was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the draw ratio in the underwater draw treatment was 2.4, the total draw ratio was 5.5, and the liquid temperature of the draw bath was 70°C. A 0 ⁇ m polarizing film was prepared. The residual width of the obtained polarizing film was 48% (the shrinkage in the width direction was 52%). The obtained polarizing film was subjected to the same evaluations as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the polarizing films of the examples of the present invention have practically acceptable single transmittance and degree of polarization, and also have a very high breaking strength along the absorption axis direction. Such breaking strength means that the polarizing film is unlikely to tear along the absorption axis direction.
- the polarizing film and the polarizing plate of the present invention are suitably used for a liquid crystal display device.
- Polarizing Film 20 First Protective Layer 30 Second Protective Layer 100 Polarizing Plate
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Abstract
Description
1つの実施形態においては、上記偏光膜は、厚みが8μm以下である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記偏光膜は、単体透過率が40.0%以上であり、かつ、偏光度が99.0%以上である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記偏光膜は、突き刺し強度が30gf/μm以上である。
本発明の別の実施形態による偏光膜は、二色性物質を含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムで構成され、突き刺し強度が30gf/μm以上である。
本発明の別の局面によれば、偏光板が提供される。この偏光板は、上記の偏光膜と、該偏光膜の少なくとも一方の側に配置された保護層とを有する。
本発明の別の局面によれば、上記の偏光膜の製造方法が提供される。この製造方法は、長尺状の熱可塑性樹脂基材の片側に、ヨウ化物または塩化ナトリウムとポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とを含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂層を形成して積層体とすること;および、該積層体に、空中補助延伸処理と、染色処理と、水中延伸処理と、長手方向に搬送しながら加熱することにより、幅方向に2%以上収縮させる乾燥収縮処理と、をこの順に施すこと;を含む。該空中補助延伸処理および該水中延伸処理の延伸の総倍率は、該積層体の元長に対して3.0倍~4.5倍であり;該空中補助延伸処理の延伸倍率は、該水中延伸処理の延伸倍率よりも大きい。
本発明の実施形態による偏光膜は、二色性物質(代表的には、ヨウ素、二色性染料)を含むポリビニルアルコール(PVA)系樹脂フィルムで構成され、配向関数が0.30以下である。このような構成であれば、偏光膜が吸収軸方向に沿って裂ける(破れる)ことを顕著に抑制することができる。その結果、屈曲性に非常に優れた偏光膜(結果として、偏光板)が得られ得る。このような偏光膜(結果として、偏光板)は、好ましくは湾曲した画像表示装置、より好ましくは折り曲げ可能な画像表示装置、さらに好ましくは折り畳み可能な画像表示装置に適用され得る。配向関数は、例えば0.25以下であり、好ましくは0.22以下であり、より好ましくは0.20以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.18以下であり、特に好ましくは0.15以下である。配向関数の下限は、例えば、0.05であり得る。配向関数が小さすぎると、許容可能な単体透過率および/または偏光度が得られない場合がある。
f=(3<cos2θ>-1)/2
=(1-D)/[c(2D+1)]
=-2×(1-D)/(2D+1)
ただし、
c=(3cos2β-1)/2 で, 2941cm-1 の振動の場合は、β=90°である。
θ:延伸方向に対する分子鎖の角度
β:分子鎖軸に対する遷移双極子モーメントの角度
D=(I⊥)/(I//) (この場合、PVA分子が配向するほどDが大きくなる)
I⊥ :測定光の偏光方向と偏光膜の延伸方向が垂直の場合の吸収強度
I// :測定光の偏光方向と偏光膜の延伸方向が平行の場合の吸収強度
偏光度(%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)}1/2×100
図1は、本発明の1つの実施形態による偏光板の概略断面図である。偏光板100は、偏光膜10と、偏光膜10の一方の側に配置された第1の保護層20と、偏光膜10の他方の側に配置された第2の保護層30とを有する。偏光膜10は、上記A項で説明した本発明の偏光膜である。第1の保護層20および第2の保護層30のうち一方の保護層は省略されてもよい。なお、上記のとおり、第1の保護層および第2の保護層のうち一方は、上記の偏光膜の製造に用いられる樹脂基材であってもよい。
本発明の1つの実施形態による偏光膜の製造方法は、長尺状の熱可塑性樹脂基材の片側に、ハロゲン化物とポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(PVA系樹脂)とを含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂層(PVA系樹脂層)を形成して積層体とすること、および、積層体に、空中補助延伸処理と、染色処理と、水中延伸処理と、長手方向に搬送しながら加熱することにより幅方向に2%以上収縮させる乾燥収縮処理と、をこの順に施すことを含む。PVA系樹脂層におけるハロゲン化物の含有量は、好ましくは、PVA系樹脂100重量部に対して5重量部~20重量部である。乾燥収縮処理は、加熱ロールを用いて処理することが好ましく、加熱ロールの温度は、好ましくは60℃~120℃である。乾燥収縮処理による積層体の幅方向の収縮率は、好ましくは2%以上である。このような製造方法によれば、上記A項で説明した偏光膜を得ることができる。特に、ハロゲン化物を含むPVA系樹脂層を含む積層体を作製し、上記積層体の延伸を空中補助延伸及び水中延伸を含む多段階延伸とし、延伸後の積層体を加熱ロールで加熱することにより、優れた光学特性(代表的には、単体透過率および単位吸光度)を有する偏光膜を得ることができる。
熱可塑性樹脂基材とPVA系樹脂層との積層体を作製する方法としては、任意の適切な方法が採用され得る。好ましくは、熱可塑性樹脂基材の表面に、ハロゲン化物とPVA系樹脂とを含む塗布液を塗布し、乾燥することにより、熱可塑性樹脂基材上にPVA系樹脂層を形成する。上記のとおり、PVA系樹脂層におけるハロゲン化物の含有量は、好ましくは、PVA系樹脂100重量部に対して5重量部~20重量部である。
熱可塑性樹脂基材としては、任意の適切な熱可塑性樹脂フィルムが採用され得る。熱可塑性樹脂基材の詳細については、例えば特開2012-73580号公報に記載されている。当該公報は、その全体の記載が本明細書に参考として援用される。
塗布液は、上記のとおり、ハロゲン化物とPVA系樹脂とを含む。上記塗布液は、代表的には、上記ハロゲン化物および上記PVA系樹脂を溶媒に溶解させた溶液である。溶媒としては、例えば、水、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、各種グリコール類、トリメチロールプロパン等の多価アルコール類、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン等のアミン類が挙げられる。これらは単独で、または、二種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。これらの中でも、好ましくは、水である。溶液のPVA系樹脂濃度は、溶媒100重量部に対して、好ましくは3重量部~20重量部である。このような樹脂濃度であれば、熱可塑性樹脂基材に密着した均一な塗布膜を形成することができる。塗布液におけるハロゲン化物の含有量は、好ましくは、PVA系樹脂100重量部に対して5重量部~20重量部である。
特に、高い光学特性を得るためには、乾式延伸(補助延伸)とホウ酸水中延伸を組み合わせる、2段延伸の方法が選択される。2段延伸のように、補助延伸を導入することにより、熱可塑性樹脂基材の結晶化を抑制しながら延伸することができる。さらには、熱可塑性樹脂基材上にPVA系樹脂を塗布する場合、熱可塑性樹脂基材のガラス転移温度の影響を抑制するために、通常の金属ドラム上にPVA系樹脂を塗布する場合と比べて塗布温度を低くする必要があり、その結果、PVA系樹脂の結晶化が相対的に低くなり、十分な光学特性が得られない、という問題が生じ得る。これに対して、補助延伸を導入することにより、熱可塑性樹脂上にPVA系樹脂を塗布する場合でも、PVA系樹脂の結晶性を高めることが可能となり、高い光学特性を達成することが可能となる。また、同時にPVA系樹脂の配向性を事前に高めることで、後の染色工程や延伸工程で水に浸漬された時に、PVA系樹脂の配向性の低下や溶解などの問題を防止することができ、高い光学特性を達成することが可能になる。
必要に応じて、空中補助延伸処理の後、水中延伸処理や染色処理の前に、不溶化処理を施す。上記不溶化処理は、代表的には、ホウ酸水溶液にPVA系樹脂層を浸漬することにより行う。上記染色処理は、代表的には、PVA系樹脂層を二色性物質(代表的には、ヨウ素)で染色することにより行う。必要に応じて、染色処理の後、水中延伸処理の前に、架橋処理を施す。上記架橋処理は、代表的には、ホウ酸水溶液にPVA系樹脂層を浸漬させることにより行う。不溶化処理、染色処理および架橋処理の詳細については、例えば特開2012-73580号公報(上記)に記載されている。
水中延伸処理は、積層体を延伸浴に浸漬させて行う。水中延伸処理によれば、上記熱可塑性樹脂基材やPVA系樹脂層のガラス転移温度(代表的には、80℃程度)よりも低い温度で延伸し得、PVA系樹脂層を、その結晶化を抑えながら延伸することができる。その結果、優れた光学特性を有する偏光膜を製造することができる。
上記乾燥収縮処理は、ゾーン全体を加熱して行うゾーン加熱により行っても良いし、搬送ロールを加熱する(いわゆる加熱ロールを用いる)ことにより行う(加熱ロール乾燥方式)こともできる。好ましくは、その両方を用いる。加熱ロールを用いて乾燥させることにより、効率的に積層体の加熱カールを抑制して、外観に優れた偏光膜を製造することができる。具体的には、加熱ロールに積層体を沿わせた状態で乾燥することにより、上記熱可塑性樹脂基材の結晶化を効率的に促進させて結晶化度を増加させることができ、比較的低い乾燥温度であっても、熱可塑性樹脂基材の結晶化度を良好に増加させることができる。その結果、熱可塑性樹脂基材は、その剛性が増加して、乾燥によるPVA系樹脂層の収縮に耐え得る状態となり、カールが抑制される。また、加熱ロールを用いることにより、積層体を平らな状態に維持しながら乾燥できるので、カールだけでなくシワの発生も抑制することができる。この時、積層体は、乾燥収縮処理により幅方向に収縮させることにより、光学特性を向上させることができる。PVAおよびPVA/ヨウ素錯体の配向性を効果的に高めることができるからである。乾燥収縮処理による積層体の幅方向の収縮率は、好ましくは1%~10%であり、より好ましくは2%~8%であり、特に好ましくは4%~6%である。
好ましくは、水中延伸処理の後、乾燥収縮処理の前に、洗浄処理を施す。上記洗浄処理は、代表的には、ヨウ化カリウム水溶液にPVA系樹脂層を浸漬させることにより行う。
(1)厚み
干渉膜厚計(大塚電子社製、製品名「MCPD-3000」)を用いて測定した。厚み算出に用いた計算波長範囲は400nm~500nmで、屈折率は1.53とした。
(2)配向関数
実施例および比較例で得られた偏光膜について、フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計(FT-IR)(Perkin Elmer社製、商品名:「Frontier」)を用い、偏光された赤外光を測定光として、偏光膜表面の全反射減衰分光(ATR:attenuated total reflection)測定を行った。偏光膜を密着させる結晶子はゲルマニウムを用い、測定光の入射角は45°入射とした。配向関数の算出は以下の手順で行った。入射させる偏光された赤外光(測定光) は、ゲルマニウム結晶のサンプルを密着させる面に平行に振動する偏光 (s偏光)とし、測定光の偏光方向に対し、偏光膜の延伸方向を垂直(⊥)および平行(//) に配置した状態で各々の吸光度スペクトルを測定した。得られた吸光度スペクトルから、(3330cm-1 強度)を参照とした(2941cm-1 強度)I を算出した。I⊥ は、測定光の偏光方向に対し偏光膜の延伸方向を垂直(⊥)に配置した場合に得られる吸光度スペクトルから得られる (2941cm-1 強度)/(3330cm-1 強度)である。また、I// は、測定光の偏光方向に対し偏光膜の延伸方向を平行(//)に配置した場合に得られる吸光度スペクトルから得られる (2941cm-1 強度)/(3330cm-1 強度)である。ここで、(2941cm-1強度)は、吸光度スペクトルのボトムである、2770cm-1と2990cm-1をベースラインとしたときの2941cm-1の吸光度であり、(3330cm-1 強度)は、2990cm-1と3650cm-1をベースラインとしたときの3330cm-1の吸光度である。得られたI⊥およびI// を用い、式1に従って配向関数fを算出した。なお、f=1のとき完全配向、f=0のときランダムとなる。また、2941cm-1のピークは、偏光膜中のPVAの主鎖(-CH2-)の振動起因の吸収といわれている。また、3330cm-1のピークは、PVAの水酸基の振動起因の吸収といわれている。
(式1)f=(3<cos2θ>-1)/2
=(1-D)/[c(2D+1)]
但し
c=(3cos2β-1)/2
で、上記のように2941cm-1を用いた場合、β=90°⇒f=-2×(1-D)/(2D+1)である。
θ:延伸方向に対する分子鎖の角度
β:分子鎖軸に対する遷移双極子モーメントの角度
D=(I⊥)/(I//)
I⊥:測定光の偏光方向と偏光膜の延伸方向が垂直の場合の吸収強度
I//:測定光の偏光方向と偏光膜の延伸方向が平行の場合の吸収強度
(3)単体透過率および偏光度
実施例および比較例に用いた偏光膜/熱可塑性樹脂基材の積層体から偏光膜を剥離し、当該偏光膜について、紫外可視分光光度計(日本分光社製「V-7100」)を用いて測定した単体透過率Ts、平行透過率Tp、直交透過率Tcをそれぞれ、偏光膜のTs、TpおよびTcとした。これらのTs、TpおよびTcは、JIS Z8701の2度視野(C光源)により測定して視感度補正を行なったY値である。
得られたTpおよびTcから、下記式により偏光度Pを求めた。
偏光度P(%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)}1/2×100
なお、分光光度計は、大塚電子社製「LPF-200」などでも同等の測定をすることが可能であり、いずれの分光光度計を用いた場合であっても同等の測定結果が得られることが確認されている。
(4)破断強度
実施例および比較例に用いた偏光膜/熱可塑性樹脂基材の積層体から偏光膜を剥離し、ニードルを装着した圧縮試験機(カトーテック社製、 製品名「NDG5」ニードル貫通力測定仕様)に載置し、室温(23℃±3℃)環境下、突き刺し速度0.33cm/秒で突き刺し、偏光膜が割れたときの強度を破断強度(突き刺し強度)とした。評価値は試料片10個の破断強度を測定し、その平均値を用いた。なお、ニードルは、先端径1mmφ、0.5Rのものを用いた。測定する偏光膜については、直径約11mmの円形の開口部を有する治具を偏光膜の両面から挟んで固定し、開口部の中央にニードルを突き刺して試験を行った。単位厚み当たりの破断強度を破れにくさの指標とし、以下の基準で評価した。
○:破断強度が30gf/μmを超える
×:破断強度が30gf/μm以下
熱可塑性樹脂基材として、長尺状で、吸水率0.75%、Tg約75℃である、非晶質のイソフタル共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(厚み:100μm)を用いた。樹脂基材の片面に、コロナ処理(処理条件:55W・min/m2)を施した。
ポリビニルアルコール(重合度4200、ケン化度99.2モル%)およびアセトアセチル変性PVA(日本合成化学工業社製、商品名「ゴーセファイマーZ410」)を9:1で混合したPVA系樹脂100重量部に、ヨウ化カリウム13重量部を添加し、PVA水溶液(塗布液)を調製した。
樹脂基材のコロナ処理面に、上記PVA水溶液を塗布して60℃で乾燥することにより、厚み13μmのPVA系樹脂層を形成し、積層体を作製した。
得られた積層体を、130℃のオーブン内で周速の異なるロール間で縦方向(長手方向)に2.4倍に自由端一軸延伸した(空中補助延伸処理)。
次いで、積層体を、液温40℃の不溶化浴(水100重量部に対して、ホウ酸を4重量部配合して得られたホウ酸水溶液)に30秒間浸漬させた(不溶化処理)。
次いで、液温30℃の染色浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ素とヨウ化カリウムを1:7の重量比で配合して得られたヨウ素水溶液)に、最終的に得られる偏光膜の単体透過率(Ts)が41.6%となるように濃度を調整しながら60秒間浸漬させた(染色処理)。
次いで、液温40℃の架橋浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ化カリウムを3重量部配合し、ホウ酸を5重量部配合して得られたホウ酸水溶液)に30秒間浸漬させた(架橋処理)。
その後、積層体を、液温62℃のホウ酸水溶液(ホウ酸濃度4.0重量%、ヨウ化カリウム5.0重量%)に浸漬させながら、周速の異なるロール間で縦方向(長手方向)に総延伸倍率が3.0倍となるように一軸延伸を行った(水中延伸処理:水中延伸処理における延伸倍率は1.25倍)。
その後、積層体を液温20℃の洗浄浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ化カリウムを4重量部配合して得られた水溶液)に浸漬させた(洗浄処理)。
その後、90℃に保たれたオーブン中で乾燥しながら、表面温度が75℃に保たれたSUS製の加熱ロールに約2秒接触させた(乾燥収縮処理)。乾燥収縮処理による積層体の幅方向の収縮率は2%であった。
このようにして、樹脂基材上に厚み7.1μmの偏光膜を形成した。
水中延伸処理の延伸倍率を1.45倍として総延伸倍率を3.5倍としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚み6.6μmの偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
水中延伸処理の延伸倍率を1.67倍として総延伸倍率を4.0倍としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚み6.1μmの偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
水中延伸処理の延伸倍率を1.87倍として総延伸倍率を4.5倍としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚み5.6μmの偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
水中延伸処理の延伸倍率を2.4倍として総延伸倍率を5.5倍としたこと、および、延伸浴の液温を70℃としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚み5.0μmの偏光膜を作製した。なお、得られた偏光膜における幅残存率は48%(幅方向の収縮率は52%)であった。得られた偏光膜を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
幅残存率を43%(幅方向の収縮率を57%)としたこと以外は比較例1と同様にして、厚み5.5μmの偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
厚み30μmのPVA系樹脂フィルム(クラレ製、製品名「PE3000」)の長尺ロールを、ロール延伸機により総延伸倍率が6.0倍になるようにして長尺方向に一軸延伸しながら、同時に膨潤、染色、架橋および洗浄処理を施し、最後に乾燥処理を施すことにより厚み12μmの偏光子を作製した。得られた偏光子を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
20 第1の保護層
30 第2の保護層
100 偏光板
Claims (7)
- 二色性物質を含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムで構成され、配向関数が0.30以下である、偏光膜。
- 厚みが8μm以下である、請求項1に記載の偏光膜。
- 単体透過率が40.0%以上であり、かつ、偏光度が99.0%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の偏光膜。
- 突き刺し強度が30gf/μm以上である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の偏光膜。
- 二色性物質を含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムで構成され、突き刺し強度が30gf/μm以上である、偏光膜。
- 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の偏光膜と、該偏光膜の少なくとも一方の側に配置された保護層とを有する、偏光板。
- 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の偏光膜の製造方法であって、
長尺状の熱可塑性樹脂基材の片側に、ヨウ化物または塩化ナトリウムとポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とを含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂層を形成して積層体とすること、および
該積層体に、空中補助延伸処理と、染色処理と、水中延伸処理と、長手方向に搬送しながら加熱することにより、幅方向に2%以上収縮させる乾燥収縮処理と、をこの順に施すこと、を含み、
該空中補助延伸処理および該水中延伸処理の延伸の総倍率が、該積層体の元長に対して3.0倍~4.5倍であり、
該空中補助延伸処理の延伸倍率が、該水中延伸処理の延伸倍率よりも大きい、
製造方法。
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| JP2022058175A (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
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| WO2016104741A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-06-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
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| JP2017003954A (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光フィルム及びそれを含む偏光板 |
| CN108885297A (zh) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-11-23 | 日东电工株式会社 | 挠性偏振膜、其制造方法及图像显示装置 |
| KR101819414B1 (ko) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-01-16 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 편광 필름 |
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| JP6409142B1 (ja) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-10-17 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光膜、偏光板、および偏光膜の製造方法 |
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2020
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| WO2016093278A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光フィルムの製造方法及び偏光フィルム |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021095526A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光膜、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| WO2021095527A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光膜、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| JPWO2021095527A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | ||
| JPWO2021095526A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | ||
| JP2022058175A (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
| JPWO2024214690A1 (ja) * | 2023-04-13 | 2024-10-17 | ||
| WO2024214690A1 (ja) * | 2023-04-13 | 2024-10-17 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光膜、画像表示装置、偏光サングラス、および、偏光膜の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024144775A (ja) | 2024-10-11 |
| KR102815835B1 (ko) | 2025-06-04 |
| KR20240116853A (ko) | 2024-07-30 |
| KR20210126003A (ko) | 2021-10-19 |
| TWI821519B (zh) | 2023-11-11 |
| KR102830968B1 (ko) | 2025-07-07 |
| TW202041546A (zh) | 2020-11-16 |
| CN119861444A (zh) | 2025-04-22 |
| JP7382974B2 (ja) | 2023-11-17 |
| CN113412439A (zh) | 2021-09-17 |
| CN119861444B (zh) | 2026-02-24 |
| KR20240168477A (ko) | 2024-11-29 |
| CN118671872A (zh) | 2024-09-20 |
| CN118671872B (zh) | 2025-02-11 |
| JPWO2020162531A1 (ja) | 2021-10-14 |
| JP7592665B2 (ja) | 2024-12-02 |
| JP2022111165A (ja) | 2022-07-29 |
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