WO2020155556A1 - 一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机及加工方法 - Google Patents

一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机及加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020155556A1
WO2020155556A1 PCT/CN2019/094693 CN2019094693W WO2020155556A1 WO 2020155556 A1 WO2020155556 A1 WO 2020155556A1 CN 2019094693 W CN2019094693 W CN 2019094693W WO 2020155556 A1 WO2020155556 A1 WO 2020155556A1
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Prior art keywords
fruits
fruit
vegetables
peeling
knife
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PCT/CN2019/094693
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨李益
李秉璋
禹跃明
王玉龙
王增龙
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杨李益
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Priority to US17/277,295 priority Critical patent/US20210354326A1/en
Publication of WO2020155556A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155556A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/03—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole pieces or fragments without mashing the original pieces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N7/00—Peeling vegetables or fruit
    • A23N7/02—Peeling potatoes, apples or similarly shaped vegetables or fruit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N7/00—Peeling vegetables or fruit
    • A23N7/10—Driving mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D11/00—Combinations of several similar cutting apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
    • B26D7/02—Means for holding or positioning work with clamping means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D11/00—Combinations of several similar cutting apparatus
    • B26D2011/005—Combinations of several similar cutting apparatus in combination with different kind of cutters, e.g. two serial slitters in combination with a transversal cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D2210/00—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials
    • B26D2210/02—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials for cutting food products, e.g. food slicers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of deep processing of fruits and vegetables, in particular to an electromechanical integrated melon and fruit double-knife peeling and cutting machine and a processing method.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient and reliable electromechanical double-knife peeling and cutting machine for melons and fruits.
  • the present invention also proposes a processing method using the electromechanical double-knife peeling and cutting machine for melons and fruits to improve The efficiency of the deep processing of fruits and vegetables and the reduction of production costs.
  • the present invention proposes an electromechanical double-knife peeling and slitting machine for melons and fruits, which includes a holding mechanism, a peeling mechanism, and a slitting mechanism arranged in sequence along the fruit and vegetable processing direction.
  • the holding mechanism receives the hold Tighten the fruits and vegetables and push the fruits and vegetables to the peeling mechanism for positioning, the peeling mechanism locates and detects the actual cutting height of the fruits and vegetables and adaptively removes the skins of the fruits and vegetables through a double peeling knife, and the blocking mechanism removes the peeled fruits and vegetables head And the tail and cut it into pieces.
  • the holding mechanism includes a first telescopic cylinder mounted on the frame, and the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder is connected to the first clamping cylinder and pushes it to move in the direction of the peeling mechanism.
  • Both ends of a clamping cylinder are respectively connected with two symmetrically arranged first mechanical grippers, a positioning hole is provided on the surface of the rack mounting plate and is located directly below the first mechanical gripper, and a photodetector is provided under the positioning hole Electrically connected with the PLC controller, the first mechanical gripper grips fruits and vegetables.
  • the peeling mechanism includes a detection rod arranged on the upper part of the rack and used for detecting the height of fruits and vegetables, the detection rod is arranged inside the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod and moves axially, and the detection rod is provided with The travel switch is electrically connected to the PLC controller.
  • a lower setting fruit rod is axially provided directly below the upper setting fruit sleeve rod.
  • the top of the upper setting fruit sleeve rod is driven by a servo motor gear mechanism and moves axially.
  • the lower setting fruit rod The lower part is driven to rotate by a plurality of pulley mechanisms, and two groups of peeling knife mechanisms are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the lower fixed fruit rod to cut the outer skin of fruits and vegetables.
  • the paring knife mechanism includes a paring knife drive motor fixed to the upper part of the frame, the lower part of the paring knife drive motor is connected with a screw rod, and the screw rod is also connected with a sliding block structure.
  • the end of the slider structure is provided with a removable peeling knife to cut the outer skin of fruits and vegetables.
  • the slitting mechanism includes a second clamping cylinder, both ends of the second clamping cylinder are respectively connected with a second mechanical clamping hand arranged symmetrically, and the second clamping cylinder cylinder block and the second telescopic cylinder
  • the telescopic ends are connected, two third telescopic cylinders are symmetrically provided at the lower part of the second telescopic cylinder, the ends of the third telescopic cylinders are respectively connected with the ends of the cutter through connecting blocks, and the second mechanical gripper is provided below
  • the cutting knife is arranged horizontally, the two connecting blocks have different lengths, and both sides of the cutting knife are provided with blades.
  • the present invention also proposes a processing method using the melon and fruit double-knife peeling and cutting machine, which includes the following steps:
  • the photodetector sends a signal to the PLC controller after detecting the fruits and vegetables, and the PLC controller controls the first clamping cylinder to drive the The first mechanical gripper closes and clamps the fruits and vegetables, and then the first telescopic cylinder pushes the first gripping cylinder and the first mechanical gripper to move together to directly above the lower fixed fruit rod and place the fruits and vegetables on The top of the lower fixed fruit rod, the first telescopic cylinder, the first clamping cylinder and the first mechanical clamping hand are reset;
  • the detection rod moves downward along with the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod and abuts against the top of the fruits and vegetables, the top of the detection rod touches the travel switch, and the travel switch sends a working signal to the PLC controller, so The pulley mechanism drives the lower fixed fruit rod to rotate axially, thereby driving the fruits and vegetables to rotate around the central axis;
  • the peeling knife drive motor drives the screw to rotate, and drives the slider structure to move up and down, and the outer surface of the fruit and vegetable is cut and removed by the arc blade;
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is to place the fruits and vegetables to be processed on the rack mounting plate, and after the photodetector detects the fruits and vegetables, it sends a signal to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller controls the first clamping cylinder to drive the first mechanical clamping hands to close together Clamp fruits and vegetables, and then the first telescopic cylinder pushes the first clamping cylinder and the first mechanical gripper to move together to directly above the lower fixed fruit rod and place the fruits and vegetables on top of the lower fixed fruit rod.
  • the first telescopic cylinder, the first clamping cylinder and The first mechanical gripper is reset.
  • the detection rod moves down with the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod and touches the top of the fruits and vegetables.
  • the top of the detection rod touches the travel switch, and the travel switch sends a working signal to the PLC controller.
  • the pulley mechanism drives the lower fixed fruit rod to rotate axially, and then drives the fruits and vegetables around the center
  • the axis rotates, and then the paring knife drives the motor to drive the screw to rotate, and drives the slider structure to move up and down, and the outer surface of the fruit and vegetable is cut and removed by the arc blade.
  • the second telescopic cylinder pushes the second clamping cylinder and the second mechanical chuck to move toward the fruits and vegetables, and the second clamping cylinder controls the second mechanical chuck to open each other and then close it to peel the peeled.
  • the second telescopic cylinder is reset to transfer the fruits and vegetables to the cutting knife
  • the second telescopic cylinder, the second clamping cylinder and the second mechanical gripper are reset
  • the cylinder pushes the push rod to move downward to push the fruits and vegetables
  • the dicing knife transfer the next peeled fruit and vegetable to the previous fruit and vegetable, and then push the next fruit and vegetable into the slicing knife through the push rod to completely divide the previous fruit and vegetable into pieces.
  • the technical solution of the present invention clamps and fixes the processing position of the fruits and vegetables through the holding mechanism, and then accurately detects the height of the fruits and vegetables to be processed through the peeling structure, and the double peeling knives efficiently and adaptively remove the skin of the fruits and vegetables, and finally push
  • the air cylinder sequentially passes multiple pieces of fruits and vegetables through the cutting knife for dicing.
  • the third telescopic air cylinder pushes the cutting knife and cooperates with the fruit and vegetable process to cut the bottom and top of the fruits and vegetables respectively, thereby saving processing time and improving production efficiency.
  • the cutting knife of the technical solution of the present invention cuts at a certain angle in the horizontal plane.
  • the cutting edge and the fruits and vegetables are relatively slidingly cut, so that the cutting edge of the cutting knife is not only fixed.
  • the fruits and vegetables are cut in a smaller position, and there is no direct impact on the fruits and vegetables for cutting, which can effectively increase the service life of the cutter.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an electromechanical integrated melon and fruit double-knife peeling and cutting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of part of the structure of the mecha and fruit double-knife peeling and cutting machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a melon and fruit double-knife peeling and cutting machine with electromechanical integration.
  • the electromechanical double-knife peeling and cutting machine for melon and fruit mainly includes a holding mechanism 1, a peeling mechanism 2, and a cutting mechanism 3 arranged along the fruit and vegetable processing direction.
  • the holding mechanism 1 receives and holds the fruits and vegetables and pushes them to the peeling mechanism 2 for positioning.
  • the peeling mechanism 2 locates and detects the actual cutting height of the fruits and vegetables and adaptively removes the outer skin of the fruits and vegetables through the double peeling knife.
  • the dividing mechanism 3 removes the peeling Cut the head and tail of the fruits and vegetables into pieces.
  • the holding mechanism 1 includes a first telescopic cylinder 12 fixedly arranged on the mounting plate of the frame.
  • the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder 12 is connected to the cylinder body of the first clamping cylinder 13, and two of the first clamping cylinder 13
  • the two working ends of the first clamping cylinder 13 are respectively connected with two symmetrically arranged first mechanical grippers 14.
  • the frame mounting plate 15 is provided with positioning holes 151 arranged on the Directly below a mechanical gripper 14, and below the positioning hole 151, a photodetector for detecting fruits and vegetables is connected to the PLC controller.
  • the user places the fruits and vegetables to be processed behind the positioning hole 151, and the photodetector
  • the detection signal will be blocked by the fruits and vegetables, and then the photodetector will transmit the detected signals to the PLC controller.
  • the PLC controller controls the first clamping cylinder 13 to drive the first mechanical clamping hands 14 arranged on the left and right to close each other to clamp the fruits and vegetables.
  • the PLC controller controls the telescopic end of the first clamping cylinder 13 to extend outward, and the first mechanical clamping hand 14 holding fruits and vegetables is pushed forward to directly above the lower fixed fruit rod 24, and passes through the first mechanical clamping hand 14 Loosen the clamping of the fruits and vegetables so that the fruits and vegetables can be stably placed on the top of the lower fixed fruit rod 24 and supported by the lower fixed fruit rod 24, and then the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder 12 moves backward to pull the first clamping cylinder 13 And the first mechanical gripper 14 moves backward and resets.
  • the peeling mechanism 2 of this embodiment includes a detection rod 231 arranged on the upper part of the frame 4 and used to detect the height of fruits and vegetables, and the detection rod 231 is arranged inside the upper fixed fruit set rod 23 and can be arranged along the upper fixed fruit set rod. 23 moves axially inside. At the same time, there is a travel switch above the detection rod 231 and the top end of the detection rod 231 is spaced a certain distance from the top of the detection rod 231.
  • the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod 23 is axially provided with a lower fixed fruit rod 24 and an upper fixed fruit sleeve rod 23. The top is driven by the servo motor gear mechanism 21 for axial movement.
  • the paring knife mechanism of this embodiment includes a paring knife drive motor 22 fixed to the upper part of the frame 4.
  • the lower part of the paring knife drive motor 22 is connected to a screw rod, which is also connected to a slider structure 26.
  • the end of 26 is also equipped with a removable paring knife to cut the outer skin of fruits and vegetables.
  • the detachable tool of this embodiment includes an arc blade 25 in an arc shape, and both ends of the arc blade 25 are clamped and fixed by clamping blocks.
  • the PLC controller drives the servo motor of the servo motor gear mechanism 21 to rotate, and then drives the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod 23 and the detection rod 231 together through the gear structure
  • the detection rod 231 gradually moves downward, the end of the detection rod 231 will abut the top of the fruits and vegetables, and the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod 23 will continue to move downward, and the top of the stationary detection rod 231 will be with
  • the stroke switch touches and causes it to send a control signal to the PLC controller.
  • the PLC controller controls the servo motor to stop the action, so that the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod 23 will remain stationary and cooperate with the top of the lower fixed fruit rod 24 to clamp fruits and vegetables fixed. Then, the lower fixed fruit rod 24 is driven to rotate by the multiple pulley mechanisms 11 under the lower fixed fruit rod 24, which in turn drives the whole fruit and vegetable to rotate. At the same time, the PLC controller controls the working end of the paring knife drive motor 22 to rotate, thereby driving the wire The rod rotates, so that the slider structure 26 can move axially along the screw rod to cut the outer skin of fruits and vegetables, wherein the arc blade 25 is embedded in the peel to cut the peel.
  • a spring and a bolt are arranged at the other end of the slider structure 26, and the spring is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the bolt.
  • the tightness of the spring is adjusted to make the curved blade 25 produces different values for the pressure on the surface of fruits and vegetables, so that the cutting depth of the surfaces of fruits and vegetables will be correspondingly different, so that the cutting depth can be adjusted for different fruits and vegetables.
  • the slitting mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a second telescopic cylinder 31 fixedly connected to the frame 4, and the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder 31 is connected to the cylinder of the second clamping cylinder 36, and the second clamp The two working ends of the holding cylinder 36 are respectively connected with the second mechanical gripper 34.
  • the lower part of the second telescopic cylinder 31 is symmetrically provided with two third telescopic cylinders 35, and the ends of the third telescopic cylinder 35 pass
  • the connecting blocks 32 are respectively connected to the ends of the cutting knife 33, and a dividing cutting knife 37 is also provided under the second mechanical gripper 34 to divide the fruits and vegetables into pieces.
  • the third telescopic cylinder 35 is controlled by the PLC controller to synchronously advance in the direction of the fruits and vegetables, so that the cutting knife 33 can cut the bottom of the fruits and vegetables.
  • the third telescopic cylinder 35 remains stationary, and the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder 31 extends outwards, thereby pushing the second clamping cylinder 36 and the second mechanical gripper 34 together in the direction of the fruits and vegetables.
  • the two ends of the second clamping cylinder 36 are respectively output outwards, so that the two second mechanical clamping hands 34 arranged symmetrically expand outward.
  • the two second mechanical grippers 34 are controlled by the second clamping cylinder 36 to move closer to each other to clamp the peeled fruits and vegetables, and then the second telescopic cylinder 31 is used to reset the fruits and vegetables to move the fruits and vegetables to just above the cutting knife 37 , And then set the push rod above the block cutter 37 to move downward by pushing the air cylinder 27, and push the lower part of the fruits and vegetables into the block cutter 37.
  • the third telescopic cylinder 35 moves to reset and pulls the cutter.
  • the knife 33 is reset. Since both sides of the cutting knife 33 are provided with blades, the other side of the cutting knife 33 can cut off the top of the fruits and vegetables during the resetting process.
  • next peeled fruit and vegetable When the next peeled fruit and vegetable is transferred to the top of the previous peeled fruit and vegetable, the next fruit and vegetable is moved downwards, and the upper part of the previous fruit and vegetable can be pushed down completely and passed through the cutting knife 37, and finally up A fruit and vegetable can be completely divided into several pieces.
  • the cutting knives 33 used to cut the top and bottom of the fruits and vegetables are horizontally arranged, and the lengths of the connecting blocks 32 respectively connected to both ends of the cutting knives 33 are different, so that the cutting knives 33 are in the horizontal plane.
  • the applicant found in the actual application process that by inclining the cutting knife 33, when the cutting knife 33 cuts fruits and vegetables, the cutting edge and the fruits and vegetables are relatively slid and cut, so that the cutting edge of the cutting knife 33 is not only
  • the fruits and vegetables are cut at a fixed and small position, and the method of directly hitting the fruits and vegetables for cutting like the prior art is not used.
  • the technical solution of the present embodiment is used for a long time, which can effectively improve the service life of the cutter.
  • the present invention also proposes a processing method using an electromechanical integrated melon and fruit double-knife peeling and cutting machine, including the following steps:
  • the detection rod 231 moves down with the upper fixed fruit sleeve rod 23 and abuts against the top of the fruits and vegetables, the top of the detection rod 231 touches the travel switch, the travel switch sends a working signal to the PLC controller, and the pulley mechanism 11 drives the lower fixed fruit rod 24 axially Rotation, which drives the fruits and vegetables to rotate around the central axis;
  • the peeling knife drive motor 22 drives the screw rod to rotate, and drives the slider structure 26 to move up and down, and the outer surface of the fruit and vegetable is cut and removed by the arc blade 25;

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，包括沿果蔬加工方向依次设置的抱紧机构（1）、削皮机构（2）、分切机构（3），抱紧机构接收抱紧果蔬并将果蔬推送至削皮机构定位，削皮机构定位并检测果蔬实际切削高度且通过双削皮刀自适应地去除果蔬外皮，分块机构去除削皮后的果蔬首部和尾部并将其切割分块。还公开了一种使用机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机的加工方法，通过抱紧机构对果蔬加工位置夹持固定，再通过削皮结构对果蔬待加工高度进行精准检测，并且双削皮刀高效且自适应地去除果蔬表皮，最终通过推动气缸（27）将多个果蔬依次通过分块切刀（37）进行切块处理，通过第三伸缩气缸推动切刀并配合果蔬的工序以分别切除果蔬底部和顶部，可节省加工时间和提高生产效率。

Description

一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机及加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及果蔬深加工技术领域，特别涉及一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机及加工方法。
背景技术
为提高果蔬的经济价值，则需要对果蔬进行深加工，例如制造成果汁、果仁等产品，现有技术通常使用人工对果蔬原材料进行加工，例如通过人工进行削皮、掏心、切块等，但由于果蔬表面通常含有果酸等腐蚀性物质，长期接触后会对人手表面造成伤害，并且开放式的加工环境会存在一定卫生风险且容易造成果蔬成品受到污染，并且人工加工的工作效率不高，无法为企业带来较大的经济效益。
因此，能够实现自动化地对果蔬进行抱紧固定、削皮、切除首尾部分以及切割分块等工序，对降低加工强度以及提高生产效率具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种高效且可靠的机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，本发明还提出一种使用机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机的加工方法，旨在提高果蔬深加工的工作效率和降低生产成本。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出的一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，包括沿果蔬加工方向依次设置的抱紧机构、削皮机构、分切机构，所述抱紧机构接收抱紧果蔬并将果蔬推送至所述削皮机构定位，所述削皮机构定位并检测果蔬实际切削高度且通过双削皮刀自适应地去除果蔬外皮，所述分块机构去除削皮后的果蔬首部和尾部并将其切割分块。
优选地，所述抱紧机构包括安装于机架的第一伸缩气缸，所述第一伸缩气缸的伸缩端与第一夹持气缸相连并推动其向所述削皮机构方向移动，所述第一夹持气缸两端分别与对称设置的两个第一机械夹手相连，机架安装板表 面设有定位孔位于所述第一机械夹手正下方，所述定位孔下方设有光电检测器与PLC控制器电连接，所述第一机械夹手将果蔬夹持。
优选地，所述削皮机构包括设置于所述机架上部且用于检测果蔬高度的检测杆，所述检测杆设于上定果套杆内部并轴向移动，所述检测杆上方设有行程开关与PLC控制器电连接，所述上定果套杆正下方轴向设有下定果杆，所述上定果套杆顶部由伺服电机齿轮机构驱动并轴向移动，所述下定果杆下部由多个皮带轮机构驱动旋转，所述下定果杆两侧分别中心对称有两组削皮刀机构对果蔬外表皮切削。
优选地，所述削皮刀机构包括固定于所述机架上部的削皮刀驱动电机，所述削皮刀驱动电机下部与丝杆相连，所述丝杆还与滑块结构相连，所述滑块结构末端设有可拆装削皮刀对果蔬外表皮切削。
优选地，所述分切机构包括第二夹持气缸，所述第二夹持气缸两端分别与对称设置的第二机械夹手相连，所述第二夹持气缸缸体与第二伸缩气缸伸缩端相连，所述第二伸缩气缸下部对称设有两个第三伸缩气缸，所述第三伸缩气缸的端部通过连接块分别与切刀端部相连，所述第二机械夹手下方设有分块切刀并配合上下移动的推杆将果蔬分割切块。
优选地，所述切刀为水平设置，两个所述连接块长度不相同，所述切刀两侧均设有刀刃。
本发明还提出一种使用所述机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：待处理果蔬放置于所述机架安装板后，所述光电检测器检测到果蔬后，向所述PLC控制器发送信号，所述PLC控制器控制所述第一夹持气缸驱动所述第一机械夹手相互合拢并夹持果蔬，进而所述第一伸缩气缸推动所述第一夹持气缸和所述第一机械夹手共同移动至所述下定果杆正上方并将果蔬放置于所述下定果杆顶部，所述第一伸缩气缸、所述第一夹持气缸以及所述第一机械夹手复位；
S2：所述检测杆伴随所述上定果套杆向下移动并抵于果蔬顶端，所述检测杆顶部触碰所述行程开关，所述行程开关向所述PLC控制器发送工作信号，所述皮带轮机构驱动下定果杆轴向旋转，进而带动果蔬绕中心轴线旋转；
S3：所述削皮刀驱动电机驱动丝杆旋转，并带动片所述滑块结构上下移 动，通过弧形刀片对果蔬外表面进行切削去除表皮；
S4：果蔬表皮被完全去除后，所述第二伸缩气缸推动所述第二夹持气缸以及所述第二机械夹手向果蔬方向移动，所述第二夹持气缸控制所述第二机械夹手相互张开后再合拢以将已削皮果蔬夹持，所述第二伸缩气缸复位将果蔬转移至所述分块切刀上，所述第二伸缩气缸、所述第二夹持气缸以及所述第二机械夹手复位动作；
S5：所述推动气缸推动所述推杆向下移动将果蔬推入至所述分块切刀内，通过上述步骤S4将下一个已削皮果蔬转移至上一个果蔬上，再通过所述推杆推动下一个果蔬推入至分块切刀内以将上一个果蔬完全分割切块。
本发明技术方案相对现有技术具有以下优点：
本发明技术方案通过将待处理果蔬放置于机架安装板后，光电检测器检测到果蔬后，向PLC控制器发送信号，PLC控制器控制第一夹持气缸驱动第一机械夹手相互合拢并夹持果蔬，进而第一伸缩气缸推动第一夹持气缸和第一机械夹手共同移动至下定果杆正上方并将果蔬放置于下定果杆顶部，第一伸缩气缸、第一夹持气缸以及第一机械夹手复位。检测杆伴随上定果套杆向下移动并抵于果蔬顶端，检测杆顶部触碰行程开关，行程开关向PLC控制器发送工作信号，皮带轮机构驱动下定果杆轴向旋转，进而带动果蔬绕中心轴线旋转，然后削皮刀驱动电机驱动丝杆旋转，并带动片滑块结构上下移动，通过弧形刀片对果蔬外表面进行切削去除表皮。果蔬表皮被完全去除后，第二伸缩气缸推动第二夹持气缸以及第二机械夹手向果蔬方向移动，第二夹持气缸控制第二机械夹手相互张开后再合拢以将已削皮果蔬夹持，第二伸缩气缸复位将果蔬转移至分块切刀上，第二伸缩气缸、第二夹持气缸以及第二机械夹手复位动作，最终推动气缸推动推杆向下移动将果蔬推入至分块切刀内，通过将下一个已削皮果蔬转移至上一个果蔬上，再通过推杆推动下一个果蔬推入至分块切刀内以将上一个果蔬完全分割切块。
因此本发明技术方案通过抱紧机构对果蔬加工位置进行夹持固定，然后再通过削皮结构对果蔬待加工高度进行精准检测，并且双削皮刀高效且自适应地去除果蔬表皮，最终通过推动气缸将多个果蔬依次通过分块切刀进行切块处理，另外，通过第三伸缩气缸推动切刀并配合果蔬的工序以分别切除果蔬的底部和顶部，从而节省加工时间以及提高生产效率。
另外本发明技术方案的切刀为水平面内切斜一定角度，通过将切刀倾斜设置能够使切刀在切割果蔬时，刀刃与果蔬之间是相对滑动切割，这样切刀的刀刃不会只有固定且较小位置对果蔬进行切割，也不会出现直接撞击果蔬进行切削方式，能够有效提高切刀的使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机的立体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机的部分结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
1 抱紧机构 25 弧形刀片
11 皮带轮机构 26 滑块结构
12 第一伸缩气缸 27 推动气缸
13 第一夹持气缸 3 分切机构
14 第一机械夹手 31 第二伸缩气缸
15 机架安装板 32 连接块
151 定位孔 33 切刀
2 削皮机构 34 第二机械夹手
21 伺服电机齿轮机构 35 第三伸缩气缸
22 削皮刀驱动电机 36 第二夹持气缸
23 上定果套杆 37 分块切刀
231 检测杆 4 机架
24 下定果杆    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步 说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，若本发明实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本发明实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明提出一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机。
请参见图1和图2，本发明实施例的机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，主要包括沿着果蔬加工方向进行设置的抱紧机构1、削皮机构2、分切机构3，抱紧机构1接收抱紧果蔬并将果蔬推送至削皮机构2定位，削皮机构2定位并检测果蔬实际切削高度且通过双削皮刀自适应地去除果蔬外皮，分块机构3去除削皮后的果蔬首部和尾部并将其切割分块。
其中抱紧机构1包括固定设置于机架安装板上的第一伸缩气缸12，第一伸缩气缸12的伸缩端与第一夹持气缸13的缸体相连，而第一夹持气缸13的两端为同步作用端，并且第一夹持气缸13的两个工作端分别与两个对称设置的第一机械夹手14相连，与此同时，机架安装板15设有定位孔151设置于第一机械夹手14的正下方，另外，定位孔151的下方还设有用于检测果蔬的光电检测器与PLC控制器相连，因此用户将待处理的果蔬放置于该定位孔151 后，光电检测器的检测信号将会被果蔬遮挡，进而光电检测器将检测到的信号传送至PLC控制器，PLC控制器控制第一夹持气缸13驱动左右设置的第一机械夹手14相互合拢以将果蔬夹持，然后PLC控制器控制第一夹持气缸13的伸缩端向外伸出，夹持有果蔬的第一机械夹手14向前推进至下定果杆24的正上方，通过第一机械夹手14松开对果蔬的夹持，使果蔬能够稳定地放置于下定果杆24的顶端并由下定果杆24进行支撑，然后第一伸缩气缸12的伸缩端向后移动拉动第一夹持气缸13以及第一机械夹手14向后移动并复位。
而本实施例的削皮机构2包括设置于机架4上部且用于检测的果蔬高度的检测杆231，而检测杆231设置于上定果套杆23的内部且可沿上定果套杆23内部轴向移动，与此同时，检测杆231上方设有行程开关与检测杆231顶端相隔一定距离，上定果套杆23正下方轴向设有下定果杆24，上定果套杆23顶部由伺服电机齿轮机构21驱动进行轴向移动，另外下定果杆24下部有多个皮带轮机构11驱动旋转，下定果杆24两侧分别中心对称设有两组削皮刀机构对果蔬外周皮进行切削。而本实施例的削皮刀机构包括固定于机架4上部的削皮刀驱动电机22，削皮刀驱动电机22的下部与丝杆相连，丝杆还与滑块结构26相连，滑块结构26末端还设有可拆装削皮刀对果蔬的外表皮进行切削。优选地，本实施例的可拆装刀具包括呈弧形的弧形刀片25，并且弧形刀片25的两端分别通过夹块夹紧固定。
待处理的果蔬通过第一机械夹手14放置于下定果杆24顶端后，PLC控制器驱动伺服电机齿轮机构21的伺服电机转动，然后通过齿轮结构驱动上定果套杆23和检测杆231共同向下移动，当检测杆231逐渐向下移动时，检测杆231末端将会抵于果蔬顶端，而上定果套杆23也会不断向下移动，静止不动的检测杆231顶端将会与行程开关触碰进而使其向PLC控制器发出控制信号，PLC控制器控制伺服电机停止动作，这样上定果套杆23则会保持静止，并与下定果杆24顶端相互配合对果蔬进行夹持固定。然后再通过下定果杆24下部的多个皮带轮机构11驱动下定果杆24旋转，进而带动果蔬整体旋转，与此同时，PLC控制器控制削皮刀驱动电机22的工作端进行旋转，进而驱动丝杆旋转，这样滑块结构26可沿着丝杆轴向移动以对果蔬的外表皮切削，其中弧形刀片25通过嵌入果皮内部以对果皮切削。当滑块结构26沿着丝杆从底部向上移动至顶部或从顶部移动至底部时，也就是完成了果蔬外皮的切削 过程。为提高弧形刀片25对果蔬外表面的切削效果，本实施通过在滑块结构26的另一端设置有弹簧和螺栓，弹簧套于螺栓外周面，通过调整弹簧的松紧度，以使得弧形刀片25对果蔬表面的压力产生不同值，这样对果蔬表面的切削深度则会相应不同，从而可针对不同果蔬进行适应性的调整切削深度。
而本实施例的分切机构3包括有缸体与机架4固定相连的第二伸缩气缸31，第二伸缩气缸31的伸缩端部与第二夹持气缸36的缸体相连，第二夹持气缸36的两个工作端部分别与第二机械夹手34相连，与此同时，第二伸缩气缸31的下部对称设有两个第三伸缩气缸35，第三伸缩气缸35的端部通过连接块32分别与切刀33的端部相连，第二机械夹手34下方还设有分块切刀37将果蔬进行分割切块。当果蔬的外皮被切削完毕后，通过PLC控制器控制第三伸缩气缸35的同步向果蔬的方向进行推进，这样即可使切刀33对果蔬的底部进行切除，当通过切刀33将果蔬的底部切除后，第三伸缩气缸35保持静止状态，第二伸缩气缸31的伸缩端向外伸出，从而将第二夹持气缸36以及第二机械夹手34共同向果蔬的方向推出，与此同时，第二夹持气缸36的两端分别向外输出，使左右对称设置的两个第二机械夹手34向外扩张，当两个第二机械夹手34扩张并达到果蔬两侧后，通过第二夹持气缸36控制两个第二机械夹手34相互靠拢以将已削皮的果蔬夹持，再通过第二伸缩气缸31进行复位，使果蔬移动至分块切刀37的正上方，然后设置分块切刀37上方的推杆通过推动气缸27而向下移动，并将果蔬下部分推入至分块切刀37内，此时的第三伸缩气缸35进行复位移动，拉动切刀33复位，由于切刀33的两侧均设有刀刃，因此通过切刀33进行复位的过程，切刀33的另一侧刀刃可将果蔬顶部切除。而当下一个已削皮后的果蔬被转运至上一个已削皮的果蔬顶部后，通过下一个果蔬向下移动，可将上一个果蔬的上部完全向下推动并通过分块切刀37，最终上一个果蔬即可被完全分割切块为若干块。
另外，本实施例中，用于对果蔬顶部和底部进行切除的切刀33为水平设置，并且分别与切刀33两端相连的连接块32长度各不相同，这样使得切刀33在水平面内切斜一定角度，申请人在实际应用过程中发现，通过将切刀33倾斜设置能够使切刀33在切割果蔬时，刀刃与果蔬之间是相对滑动切割，这样切刀33的刀刃不会只有固定且较小位置对果蔬进行切割，并且也不会像现有技术直接撞击果蔬进行切削的方式，本实施例技术方案在长期使用，能够 有效提高切刀的使用寿命。
请参见图1和图2，本发明还提出一种使用机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：待处理果蔬放置于机架安装板15后，光电检测器检测到果蔬后，向PLC控制器发送信号，PLC控制器控制第一夹持气缸13驱动第一机械夹手14相互合拢并夹持果蔬，进而第一伸缩气缸12推动第一夹持气缸13和第一机械夹手14共同移动至下定果杆24正上方并将果蔬放置于下定果杆24顶部，第一伸缩气缸12、第一夹持气缸13以及第一机械夹手14复位；
S2：检测杆231伴随上定果套杆23向下移动并抵于果蔬顶端，检测杆231顶部触碰行程开关，行程开关向PLC控制器发送工作信号，皮带轮机构11驱动下定果杆24轴向旋转，进而带动果蔬绕中心轴线旋转；
S3：削皮刀驱动电机22驱动丝杆旋转，并带动片滑块结构26上下移动，通过弧形刀片25对果蔬外表面进行切削去除表皮；
S4：果蔬表皮被完全去除后，第二伸缩气缸31推动第二夹持气缸36以及第二机械夹手34向果蔬方向移动，第二夹持气缸36控制第二机械夹手34相互张开后再合拢以将已削皮果蔬夹持，第二伸缩气缸31复位将果蔬转移至分块切刀37上，第二伸缩气缸31、第二夹持气缸36以及第二机械夹手34复位动作；
S5：推动气缸27推动推杆向下移动将果蔬推入至分块切刀37内，通过上述步骤S4将下一个已削皮果蔬转移至上一个果蔬上，再通过推杆推动下一个果蔬推入至分块切刀37内以将上一个果蔬完全分割切块。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，其特征在于，包括沿果蔬加工方向依次设置的抱紧机构、削皮机构、分切机构，所述抱紧机构接收抱紧果蔬并将果蔬推送至所述削皮机构定位，所述削皮机构定位并检测果蔬实际切削高度且通过双削皮刀自适应地去除果蔬外皮，所述分块机构去除削皮后的果蔬首部和尾部并将其切割分块。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，其特征在于，所述抱紧机构包括安装于机架的第一伸缩气缸，所述第一伸缩气缸的伸缩端与第一夹持气缸相连并推动其向所述削皮机构方向移动，所述第一夹持气缸两端分别与对称设置的两个第一机械夹手相连，机架安装板表面设有定位孔位于所述第一机械夹手正下方，所述定位孔下方设有光电检测器与PLC控制器电连接，所述第一机械夹手将果蔬夹持。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，其特征在于，所述削皮机构包括设置于所述机架上部且用于检测果蔬高度的检测杆，所述检测杆设于上定果套杆内部并轴向移动，所述检测杆上方设有行程开关与PLC控制器电连接，所述上定果套杆正下方轴向设有下定果杆，所述上定果套杆顶部由伺服电机齿轮机构驱动并轴向移动，所述下定果杆下部由多个皮带轮机构驱动旋转，所述下定果杆两侧分别中心对称有两组削皮刀机构对果蔬外表皮切削。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，其特征在于，所述削皮刀机构包括固定于所述机架上部的削皮刀驱动电机，所述削皮刀驱动电机下部与丝杆相连，所述丝杆还与滑块结构相连，所述滑块结构末端设有可拆装削皮刀对果蔬外表皮切削。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，其特征在于，所述分切机构包括第二夹持气缸，所述第二夹持气缸两端分别与对称设置的第二机械夹手相连，所述第二夹持气缸缸体与第二伸缩气缸伸缩端相连，所述第二伸缩气缸下部对称设有两个第三伸缩气缸，所述第三伸缩气缸的端部通过连接块分别与切刀端部相连，所述第二机械夹手下方设有分块切刀并配合上下移动的推杆将果蔬分割切块。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机，其特征在于，所述切刀为水平设置，两个所述连接块长度不相同，所述切刀两侧均设有刀刃。
  7. 一种使用如权利要求6所述机电一体瓜果双刀削皮分切机的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：待处理果蔬放置于所述机架安装板后，所述光电检测器检测到果蔬后，向所述PLC控制器发送信号，所述PLC控制器控制所述第一夹持气缸驱动所述第一机械夹手相互合拢并夹持果蔬，进而所述第一伸缩气缸推动所述第一夹持气缸和所述第一机械夹手共同移动至所述下定果杆正上方并将果蔬放置于所述下定果杆顶部，所述第一伸缩气缸、所述第一夹持气缸以及所述第一机械夹手复位；
    S2：所述检测杆伴随所述上定果套杆向下移动并抵于果蔬顶端，所述检测杆顶部触碰所述行程开关，所述行程开关向所述PLC控制器发送工作信号，所述皮带轮机构驱动下定果杆轴向旋转，进而带动果蔬绕中心轴线旋转；
    S3：所述削皮刀驱动电机驱动丝杆旋转，并带动片所述滑块结构上下移动，通过弧形刀片对果蔬外表面进行切削去除表皮；
    S4：果蔬表皮被完全去除后，所述第二伸缩气缸推动所述第二夹持气缸以及所述第二机械夹手向果蔬方向移动，所述第二夹持气缸控制所述第二机械夹手相互张开后再合拢以将已削皮果蔬夹持，所述第二伸缩气缸复位将果蔬转移至所述分块切刀上，所述第二伸缩气缸、所述第二夹持气缸以及所述第二机械夹手复位动作；
    S5：所述推动气缸推动所述推杆向下移动将果蔬推入至所述分块切刀内，通过上述步骤S4将下一个已削皮果蔬转移至上一个果蔬上，再通过所述推杆推动下一个果蔬推入至分块切刀内以将上一个果蔬完全分割切块。
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