WO2020138286A1 - ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及びそれを用いた偏光フィルムの製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及びそれを用いた偏光フィルムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020138286A1 WO2020138286A1 PCT/JP2019/051114 JP2019051114W WO2020138286A1 WO 2020138286 A1 WO2020138286 A1 WO 2020138286A1 JP 2019051114 W JP2019051114 W JP 2019051114W WO 2020138286 A1 WO2020138286 A1 WO 2020138286A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film having a small number of optical defects and activator aggregates, a low haze value, and good peelability, and a method for producing a polarizing film using the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- Polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PVA) film is used for various purposes by utilizing its unique properties such as transparency, optical properties, mechanical strength, and water solubility.
- a PVA film is used as a raw material (raw film) for manufacturing a polarizing film that constitutes a polarizing plate that is a basic component of a liquid crystal display (LCD) by utilizing its excellent optical characteristics.
- Raw film raw material
- polarizing film that constitutes a polarizing plate that is a basic component of a liquid crystal display (LCD) by utilizing its excellent optical characteristics.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- Applications are expanding.
- the polarizing plate for LCD is required to have high optical performance, and the polarizing film which is a component thereof is also required to have high optical performance.
- a polarizing plate is generally manufactured by subjecting a raw PVA film to dyeing, uniaxial stretching, and if necessary, fixing treatment with a boron compound or the like to produce a polarizing film, and then producing cellulose triacetate on the surface of the polarizing film. It is manufactured by laminating a protective film such as a (TAC) film.
- the raw PVA film is generally produced by a method such as a cast film forming method in which a PVA-containing stock solution is dried.
- Patent Document 1 includes a step of forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based film by a casting method using a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution containing an alkyl sulfonate-based surfactant. Manufacturing methods are described. According to this, it is said that it is possible to provide a method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol-based film that is excellent in colorless and transparent in addition to optical characteristics.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film using an alkyl sulfonate surfactant alone may have a problem in releasability when the film is formed.
- the number of the surfactant agglomerates is large, the haze value is high, and the polarizing film In some cases, the polarization performance when processed into a sheet is inferior, and improvement has been desired.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, a small number of optical defects and activator aggregates, a low haze value, good releasability, in the polarizing performance when processed into a polarizing film.
- An object is to provide an excellent PVA film and a method for producing a polarizing film using the same.
- the above-mentioned problem is a polyvinyl alcohol film containing polyvinyl alcohol (A), an anionic surfactant (B) having 9 to 30 carbon atoms and an electrolyte (C) having 0 to 8 carbon atoms,
- the content of the anionic surfactant (B) is 0.04 to 0.40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol (A)
- the electrolyte (C) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal sulfonates, alkali metal phosphates and alkali metal carboxylates.
- the film width is preferably 1.5 m or more, and the film length is preferably 3000 m or more. It is also preferable that the film thickness is 10 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the above problems can also be solved by providing a method for producing a polarizing film having a step of dyeing and a step of stretching the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- the PVA film of the present invention has a small number of optical defects and agglomerates of activators, a low haze value, and good releasability, and therefore has excellent processability. Therefore, by using the PVA film as an original fabric, a polarizing film having good polarization performance can be obtained.
- the PVA film of the present invention contains PVA (A), an anionic surfactant having 9 to 30 carbon atoms (B) and an electrolyte having 0 to 8 carbon atoms (C).
- the present inventors have a PVA film containing PVA (A), an anionic surfactant (B) and an electrolyte (C) in fixed amounts, respectively, the number of optical defects and activator aggregates is small, and the haze is small. It was found that a PVA film having a low value of and a good peelability can be obtained. And it became clear that a polarizing film excellent in polarizing performance can be obtained by using such a PVA film. The present inventors have found that when the contents of PVA (A), anionic surfactant (B) and electrolyte (C) were not within a certain range, a PVA film with good quality and peelability could not be obtained. I have confirmed.
- the present inventors have found that when a nonionic surfactant is used instead of the electrolyte (C), the number of activator aggregates is large, the haze value is high, and the polarizing performance when processed into a polarizing film. Is confirmed to be inferior.
- the PVA film contains a fixed amount of PVA (A), anionic surfactant (B) and electrolyte (C), as in the present invention.
- PVA PVA
- anionic surfactant B
- electrolyte C
- PVA (A) As the PVA (A), a product produced by saponifying a vinyl ester polymer obtained by polymerizing a vinyl ester can be used.
- the vinyl ester include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valerate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but the former is preferred.
- Vinyl acetate is preferable as the vinyl ester from the viewpoints of availability, cost, PVA (A) productivity, and the like.
- Other monomers copolymerizable with vinyl ester include, for example, ethylene; olefins having 3 to 30 carbon atoms such as propylene, 1-butene, and isobutene; acrylic acid or salts thereof; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid Acrylic esters such as n-propyl, i-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate; methacryl Acids or salts thereof; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexy
- Methacrylic acid esters such as dodecyl methacrylate and octadecyl methacrylate; acrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-ethyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, acrylamide propane sulfonic acid or its salt, acrylamide propyl dimethyl amine or Acrylamide derivatives such as salts thereof, N-methylolacrylamide or derivatives thereof; methacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, methacrylamidepropanesulfonic acid or salts thereof, methacrylamidepropyldimethylamine or salts thereof, N- Methacrylic amide derivatives such as methylol methacrylamide or derivatives thereof; N-vinyl amides such as N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone; methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl
- These other monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, ethylene and olefins having 3 to 30 carbon atoms are preferable as the other monomer, and ethylene is more preferable.
- the ratio of the structural units derived from the other monomer in the vinyl ester polymer is not particularly limited, but is 15 mol% or less based on the number of moles of all structural units constituting the vinyl ester polymer. It is preferably 5 mol% or less, and more preferably 5 mol% or less.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA (A) is not necessarily limited, but it is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 300 or more, and further preferably 400 or more because the film strength tends to decrease as the polymerization degree decreases. It is particularly preferably 500 or more. Further, if the polymerization degree is too high, the viscosity of the aqueous solution of PVA (A) or the melted PVA (A) tends to be high, and film formation tends to be difficult, so that it is preferably 10,000 or less, and more preferable. Is preferably 9,000 or less, more preferably 8,000 or less, and particularly preferably 7,000 or less.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA (A) means the average degree of polymerization measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994, and the degree of polymerization of PVA (A) is measured again in water at 30° C. after resaponification and purification.
- the degree of saponification of PVA (A) is not particularly limited, and for example, 60 mol% or more of PVA (A) can be used. However, from the viewpoint of use as a raw film for producing an optical film such as a polarizing film, PVA (PVA) is used.
- the degree of saponification of (A) is preferably 95 mol% or more, more preferably 98 mol% or more, still more preferably 99 mol% or more.
- the degree of saponification of PVA (A) means the total number of moles of structural units (typically vinyl ester-based monomer units) and vinyl alcohol units that PVA (A) can convert into vinyl alcohol units by saponification. In contrast, the ratio (mol %) occupied by the number of moles of the vinyl alcohol unit.
- the degree of saponification of PVA (A) can be measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994.
- PVA (A) one type of PVA may be used alone, or two or more types of PVA having different degrees of polymerization, degree of saponification, degree of modification and the like may be used in combination.
- the PVA film has a PVA having an acidic functional group such as a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group; a PVA having an acid anhydride group; a PVA having a basic functional group such as an amino group;
- PVA having a functional group that promotes the above is contained, the secondary processability of the PVA film may be deteriorated due to a crosslinking reaction between PVA molecules.
- PVA (A) having an acidic functional group PVA having an acid anhydride group
- basic The content of PVA having a functional group and the neutralized product thereof is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and more preferably none of them is contained.
- the content of PVA (A) in the PVA film is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and further preferably 85% by mass or more.
- the content of PVA (A) is usually 90% by mass or less.
- the anionic surfactant (B) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has 9 to 30 carbon atoms, and it is a group consisting of a sulfate ester salt type, a sulfonate salt type and a phosphate ester salt type. It is preferably at least one selected from The number of carbon atoms is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more. On the other hand, the carbon number is preferably 26 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and further preferably 16 or less.
- Examples of the sulfate ester salt type include sodium alkyl sulfate, potassium alkyl sulfate, ammonium alkyl sulfate, triethanolamine alkyl sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxypropylene alkyl ether sulfate, and sodium polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate.
- the alkyl is preferably an alkyl having 8 to 20 carbons, and more preferably an alkyl having 10 to 16 carbons.
- Examples of the sulfonate type include sodium alkyl sulfonate, potassium alkyl sulfonate, ammonium alkyl sulfonate, triethanolamine alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, disodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate. Examples thereof include disodium acid salt and disodium polyoxyethylene alkylsulfosuccinate.
- the alkyl is preferably an alkyl having 8 to 20 carbons, and more preferably an alkyl having 10 to 16 carbons.
- Examples of the phosphoric acid ester salt type include alkyl phosphoric acid ester sodium, alkyl phosphoric acid ester potassium, alkyl phosphoric acid ester ammonium, alkyl phosphoric acid ester triethanolamine, sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid ester, and polyoxypropylene alkyl ether. Examples thereof include sodium phosphate ester and sodium polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether phosphate ester.
- the alkyl is preferably an alkyl having 8 to 20 carbons, and more preferably an alkyl having 10 to 16 carbons.
- the anionic surfactant (B) is preferably a sulfonate type from the viewpoint that the number of the activator aggregates is small and the haze value is low.
- the content of the anionic surfactant (B) is 0.04 to 0.40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A).
- the content of the anionic surfactant (B) is preferably 0.05 part by mass or more, and more preferably 0.06 part by mass or more.
- the content of the anionic surfactant (B) is preferably 0.35 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.25 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 0.15 parts by mass or less. Is particularly preferably 0.1 part by mass or less.
- the electrolyte (C) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a carbon number of 0 to 8, and an alkali metal sulfate, an alkali metal sulfonate, an alkali metal phosphate and an alkali metal carboxylate. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of The number of carbon atoms of the alkali metal carboxylate is preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 2 to 7, and further preferably 3 to 6.
- alkali metal carboxylates examples include alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids such as lactic acid, malonic acid, glyceric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid and adipic acid.
- carboxylic acids such as lactic acid, malonic acid, glyceric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid and adipic acid.
- an alkali metal salt of at least one carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, citric acid and gluconic acid is preferably used.
- the alkali metal is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium. That is, as the electrolyte (C), at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfonate, potassium sulfonate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium carboxylate and potassium carboxylate is more preferable. It is preferably used.
- the carboxylic acid the above-mentioned ones can be preferably used.
- the content of the electrolyte (C) is 0.04 to 0.40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A).
- the content of the electrolyte (C) is preferably 0.05 part by mass or more, and more preferably 0.06 part by mass or more.
- the content of the electrolyte (C) exceeds 0.40 parts by mass, many optical defects occur in the PVA film.
- the content of the electrolyte (C) is preferably 0.35 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.25 parts by mass or less, further preferably 0.15 parts by mass or less, and 0.1 It is particularly preferable that the amount is less than or equal to parts by mass.
- the PVA film of the present invention preferably contains a plasticizer.
- plasticizers include polyhydric alcohols, and specific examples thereof include ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane. These may use only 1 type of plasticizer, and may use 2 or more types of plasticizers together. Among them, ethylene glycol or glycerin is preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with PVA (A) and availability.
- the content of the plasticizer is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A).
- the content of the plasticizer is 1 part by mass or more, problems with mechanical properties such as impact strength and process passability during secondary processing are less likely to occur.
- the content of the plasticizer is 30 parts by mass or less, the film becomes moderately flexible and the handleability is improved.
- the PVA film of the present invention may further contain components other than PVA (A), anionic surfactant (B), electrolyte (C) and plasticizer, if necessary.
- components other than PVA (A), anionic surfactant (B), electrolyte (C) and plasticizer include water, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, lubricants, colorants, fillers (inorganic particles/starch, etc.), preservatives, antifungal agents, and components other than the above-mentioned components. Examples thereof include polymer compounds.
- the content of other components in the PVA film is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the width of the PVA film of the present invention there is no particular limitation on the width of the PVA film of the present invention. Since a polarizing film having a wide width is required in recent years, the width is preferably 1.5 m or more. Further, if the width of the PVA film is too wide, the manufacturing cost of the film forming apparatus for forming the PVA film increases, and further, when the optical film is manufactured by a practically used manufacturing apparatus, it is uniform. The width of the PVA film is usually 7.5 m or less because it may be difficult to stretch the PVA film.
- the shape of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is long because of the fact that a more uniform PVA film can be continuously and smoothly produced, and that it is continuously used when producing an optical film or the like. It is preferably a full length film.
- the length of the long film (length in the flow direction) is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately.
- the length of the film is preferably 3000 m or more.
- the length of the film is preferably 30,000 m or less.
- a long film is preferably wound into a core to form a film roll.
- the thickness of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately.
- the thickness of the film is preferably 10 to 70 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of use as a raw film for producing an optical film such as a polarizing film.
- the thickness of the PVA film can be obtained as an average value of values measured at arbitrary 10 places.
- the haze of the PVA film of the present invention and the number of activator aggregates are measured by the methods described in the examples below.
- the haze value is preferably 0.4 or less, more preferably 0.3 or less, even more preferably 0.2 or less, and particularly preferably 0.15 or less.
- the number of such activator aggregates is preferably 150 or less, more preferably 90 or less, further preferably 75 or less, and particularly preferably 65 or less.
- the method for producing the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is a method for producing a PVA film containing PVA (A), an anionic surfactant (B) and an electrolyte (C), wherein PVA (A), anion
- the method for producing a PVA film preferably includes a step of preparing a film-forming stock solution by mixing the system surfactant (B) and the electrolyte (C), and a step of forming a film using the film-forming stock solution.
- a liquid medium can be further mixed in the step of preparing the film-forming stock solution.
- the liquid medium at this time include water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine, Examples thereof include diethylenetriamine, and one or more of these can be used. Among them, water is preferable from the viewpoints of low environmental load and recoverability.
- PVA (A) anionic surfactant (B), electrolyte (C), liquid medium, and optionally a plasticizer and other components described above are contained.
- a known method such as a casting film forming method or a melt extrusion film forming method can be adopted using the film forming stock solution.
- the film-forming stock solution may be PVA (A) dissolved in a liquid medium or may be PVA (A) melted.
- the volatile content ratio of the stock solution for film formation (content ratio of volatile components such as liquid medium removed by volatilization or evaporation during film formation in the stock solution for film formation) varies depending on the film forming method, film forming conditions, etc. It is preferably in the range of 90% by mass, more preferably in the range of 55 to 80% by mass.
- the volatile content of the film-forming stock solution is 50% by mass or more, the viscosity of the film-forming stock solution does not become too high, and film formation is facilitated.
- the volatile matter content of the film-forming stock solution is 90 mass% or less, the thickness uniformity of the PVA film obtained can be improved without the viscosity of the film-forming stock solution becoming too low.
- the PVA film of the present invention is preferably produced by the casting film forming method or the melt extrusion film forming method using the above film forming solution.
- the specific manufacturing method at this time is not particularly limited, and for example, it is obtained by casting or discharging the film-forming stock solution in the form of a film on a support such as a drum or a belt, and drying on the support. You can If necessary, the obtained film may be further dried by a drying roll or a hot air drying device, may be heat-treated by a heat treatment device, or may be moisture-conditioned by a humidity control device.
- the manufactured PVA film is preferably wound into a core to form a film roll. Further, both ends in the width direction of the manufactured PVA film may be cut off.
- the PVA film of the present invention can be suitably used as a raw film for producing a polarizing film, a retardation film, a special light condensing film and the like. According to the present invention, a PVA film having excellent optical performance and high quality can be obtained. Therefore, the optical PVA film is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a polarizing film having a step of dyeing the PVA film and a step of stretching.
- the manufacturing method may further include a fixing treatment step, a drying treatment step, a heat treatment step, and the like.
- the order of dyeing and stretching is not particularly limited, and the dyeing treatment may be performed before the stretching treatment, the dyeing treatment may be performed simultaneously with the stretching treatment, or the dyeing treatment may be performed after the stretching treatment. .. Further, the steps such as stretching and dyeing may be repeated multiple times. Particularly, it is preferable to divide the drawing into two or more stages because uniform drawing can be easily performed.
- Dyes used for dyeing PVA films include iodine or dichroic organic dyes (for example, DirectBlack 17, 19, 154; DirectBrown 44, 106, 195, 210, 223; DirectRed 2, 23, 28, 31, 37, 39). , 79, 81, 240, 242, 247; DirectBlue 1, 15, 22, 78, 90, 98, 151, 168, 202, 236, 249, 270; DirectViolet 9, 12, 51, 98; DirectGreen 1, 85; Direct Yellow 8, 12, 44, 86, 87; dichroic dyes such as Direct Orange 26, 39, 106, 107) and the like can be used. These dyes can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Dyeing can usually be performed by immersing the PVA film in a solution containing the above dye, but the treatment conditions and treatment method are not particularly limited.
- the uniaxial stretching for stretching the PVA film in the machine direction (MD) or the like may be performed by either a wet stretching method or a dry heat stretching method, but the wet stretching method is used from the viewpoint of stability of performance and quality of the obtained polarizing film. Is preferred.
- the wet stretching method include a method of stretching a PVA film in pure water, an aqueous solution containing various components such as additives and water-soluble organic solvents, or an aqueous dispersion liquid in which various components are dispersed.
- the uniaxial stretching method by the wet stretching method include a method of uniaxially stretching in warm water containing boric acid, a method of uniaxially stretching in a solution containing the dye or in a fixing treatment bath described later.
- the PVA film after absorbing water may be uniaxially stretched in the air, or may be uniaxially stretched by another method.
- the stretching temperature during uniaxial stretching is not particularly limited, but in the case of wet stretching, a temperature within the range of preferably 20 to 90°C, more preferably 25 to 70°C, further preferably 30 to 65°C is adopted, and dry stretching is performed. In the case of hot stretching, a temperature within the range of 50 to 180° C. is preferably adopted.
- the stretching ratio of the uniaxial stretching treatment is preferably as much as possible until just before the film is cut from the viewpoint of polarization performance, specifically, 4 times or more. Is more preferable, 5 times or more is more preferable, and 5.5 times or more is further preferable.
- the upper limit of the stretching ratio is not particularly limited as long as the film is not broken, but it is preferably 8.0 times or less in order to perform uniform stretching.
- the fixing treatment a general method of immersing the PVA film in a treatment bath to which boric acid and/or a boron compound is added can be adopted. At that time, an iodine compound may be added to the treatment bath if necessary.
- the PVA film that has been uniaxially stretched or uniaxially stretched and fixed is then subjected to drying treatment or heat treatment.
- the temperature of the drying treatment or heat treatment is preferably 30 to 150°C, and particularly preferably 50 to 140°C. If the temperature is too low, the dimensional stability of the obtained polarizing film tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the polarization performance is likely to deteriorate due to decomposition of the dye.
- a protective film that is optically transparent and has mechanical strength can be attached to both sides or one side of the polarizing film obtained as described above to form a polarizing plate.
- a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film, an acetic acid/cellulose butyrate (CAB) film, an acrylic film, a polyester film, or the like is used as the protective film.
- a PVA-based adhesive or a urethane-based adhesive is generally used, and among them, the PVA-based adhesive is preferably used.
- the polarizing plate obtained as described above can be used as a component of a liquid crystal display device after being coated with an adhesive such as an acrylic resin and then attached to a glass substrate.
- an adhesive such as an acrylic resin
- a retardation film, a viewing angle improving film, a brightness improving film and the like may be attached at the same time.
- Method for measuring the number of activator aggregates A region of 10 m from the surface layer side of the PVA film roll to be measured was cut out, and a sample piece of MD50 mm ⁇ TD50 mm (thickness 60 ⁇ m) was collected from an arbitrary position. Images of the collected samples were taken at positions of about 1 ⁇ m in the film thickness direction using a microscope VHX6000 manufactured by Keyence Corporation (magnification is 1000 times), and the number of activator aggregates reflected in the taken images was counted. ..
- the light transmittance when tilted at 45° and the light transmittance when tilted at ⁇ 45° were measured, and their average value Ts2 (%) was determined.
- the transmittance Ts (%) of the polarizing film was calculated by averaging Ts1 and Ts2 by the following formula (1).
- Ts (Ts1+Ts2)/2 (1)
- B) Measurement of Polarization Degree V The light transmittance T ⁇ (%) and the long length when the two samples taken in the above measurement of the transmittance Ts are overlapped so that their length directions are parallel to each other.
- Example 1 As PVA (A), chips of PVA (saponification product of homopolymer of vinyl acetate) having a degree of polymerization of 2400 and a degree of saponification of 99.9 mol% were used. After immersing 100 parts by mass of the PVA chip in 2500 parts by mass of distilled water at 35° C., centrifugal dehydration was performed to obtain a PVA water-containing chip having a volatile content of 60% by mass.
- PVA PVA
- the obtained mixture was heated and melted (maximum temperature 130° C.) with a twin-screw extruder to obtain a stock solution for film formation.
- the anionic surfactant (B) used at this time was sodium alkyl sulfonate (alkyl group has 15 carbon atoms).
- the electrolyte (C) was sodium citrate.
- This stock solution for film formation was cooled to 100° C. by a heat exchanger, then extruded into a film having a surface temperature of 90° C. from a coat hanger die having a width of 180 cm, and further dried using a hot air dryer, and then, A PVA film having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a width of 165 cm was continuously manufactured by cutting off both ends of the film thickened by neck-in during film formation.
- the peelability of the PVA film in the manufacturing process was evaluated by the method described above. Then, a length of 4000 m of the manufactured PVA film was wound on a cylindrical core to obtain a film roll.
- the optical defects, haze, and the number of activator aggregates of the obtained PVA film were evaluated by the methods described above.
- a polarizing film was manufactured using the obtained PVA film, and the transmittance at a polarization degree of 99.995% was evaluated as the polarizing performance. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 2-7, Comparative Examples 1-4 A PVA film was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of the anionic surfactant (B) and the electrolyte (C) used were changed as shown in Table 1.
- the anionic surfactant (B) used in Examples 2 to 4 and 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is the same as the sulfonic acid type used in Example 1.
- the anionic surfactant (B) used in Example 5 and Comparative Example 4 was a sulfuric acid ester type sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (polyoxyethylene chain number 3 and alkyl chain carbon number 12).
- the anionic surfactant (B) used in Example 6 is a phosphoric acid ester type polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphoric acid ester potassium sulfate (having 6 polyoxyethylene chains and 13 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain). ..
- the electrolyte (C) was not used, and 0.07 parts by mass of a tertiary amide type lauric acid diethanolamide which is a nonionic surfactant was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the PVA films of Examples 1 to 7 were excellent in peelability, had a small number of optical defects and activator aggregates, had a low haze value, and had good quality, and were usable as products. ..
- the PVA films of Examples 1 to 7 were also excellent in polarization performance.
- the PVA film of Comparative Example 1 containing a small amount of the electrolyte (C) had many optical defects.
- the PVA film of Comparative Example 2 in which the content of the anionic surfactant (B) was small did not have good peelability, and many optical defects occurred. Many optical defects occurred in the PVA film of Comparative Example 3 containing a large amount of the anionic surfactant (B) and the electrolyte (C).
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Abstract
Description
アニオン系界面活性剤(B)の含有量が、ポリビニルアルコール(A)100質量部に対して0.04~0.40質量部であり、
電解質(C)の含有量が、ポリビニルアルコール(A)100質量部に対して0.04~0.40質量部であるポリビニルアルコールフィルムを提供することによって解決される。
PVA(A)としては、ビニルエステルを重合して得られるビニルエステル系重合体をけん化することにより製造されたものを使用することができる。ビニルエステルとしては、例えば、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、バレリン酸ビニル、ラウリン酸ビニル、ステアリン酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、ピバリン酸ビニル、バーサティック酸ビニル等を挙げることができる。これらは1種類を単独で使用してもよいし、2種類以上を併用してもよいが前者が好ましい。入手性、コスト、PVA(A)の生産性などの観点からビニルエステルとして酢酸ビニルが好ましい。
重合度 = ([η]×104/8.29)(1/0.62)
本発明で用いられるアニオン系界面活性剤(B)としては、炭素数9~30を満たすものであれば特に限定されず、硫酸エステル塩型、スルホン酸塩型及びリン酸エステル塩型からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。炭素数としては、10以上であることが好ましく、12以上であることがより好ましい。一方、炭素数としては、26以下であることが好ましく、20以下であることがより好ましく、16以下であることが更に好ましい。
本発明で用いられる電解質(C)としては、炭素数0~8を満たすものであれば特に限定されず、アルカリ金属硫酸塩、アルカリ金属スルホン酸塩、アルカリ金属リン酸塩及びアルカリ金属カルボン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。アルカリ金属カルボン酸塩の炭素数としては、1~8であることが好ましく、2~7であることがより好ましく、3~6であることが更に好ましい。アルカリ金属カルボン酸塩としては、乳酸、マロン酸、グリセリン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、クエン酸、グルコン酸、アジピン酸等のカルボン酸のアルカリ金属塩が挙げられる。中でも、酒石酸、クエン酸及びグルコン酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカルボン酸のアルカリ金属塩が好適に用いられる。
PVAフィルムに柔軟性を付与させることができる観点から、本発明のPVAフィルムは可塑剤を含有することが好ましい。好ましい可塑剤としては多価アルコールが挙げられ、具体的には、エチレングリコール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、トリメチロールプロパン等を挙げることができる。これらは1種の可塑剤のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上の可塑剤を併用してもよい。中でも、PVA(A)との相溶性や入手性などの観点から、エチレングリコールまたはグリセリンが好ましい。
(剥離性)
4000m以上の長尺フィルムの製膜において、キャストドラムから膜を剥離する際に、問題なく剥離できたものをA、ドラムへの付着で剥離できなかったものをBとして評価した。
(光学欠陥の評価方法)
PVAフィルム上の製膜時の流れ方向(MD方向)に平行に存在するスジ状の欠点と鮫肌状の欠点を目視で観察して評価した。具体的には以下の実施例、比較例で得られたPVAフィルムから切り出したサンプル片をMD方向が垂直になるように吊り下げ、その背後に30Wの直管状蛍光灯を垂直に置いて点灯し、光学欠陥について、以下の基準で評価した。
A:スジ状と鮫肌状の欠陥が全くなく製品に最も適したレベル。
B:スジ状または鮫肌状の欠陥が所々あるが製品として使用可能なレベル。
C:スジ状または鮫肌状の欠陥が多数あり製品に適さないレベル。
測定対象となるPVAフィルムロールの表層側から10mの領域を切り出し、更に任意の位置からMD50mm×TD50mmの正方形(厚み60μm)のサンプル片を3枚採取した。採取したサンプルをスガ試験機株式会社製のヘーズメーター「HZ-2」を用いて、JIS K7136に準じて、前記PVAフィルムの中央部のヘイズを各3回測定し、その平均値を求めた。
測定対象となるPVAフィルムロールの表層側から10mの領域を切り出し、更に任意の位置からMD50mm×TD50mm(厚み60μm)のサンプル片を採取した。採取したサンプルをキーエンス株式会社製のマイクロスコープVHX6000(倍率は1000倍)を用いてフィルム厚み方向に約1μm間隔の位置の画像を撮影し、撮影した画像に映る活性剤凝集物の個数を数えた。
測定対象となるPVAフィルムロールからMD100mm×TD50mmのサイズにサンプルを採取し、サンプルの中央部に長さ50mmの標線を記入した。標線を記入したサンプル4枚を延伸治具に取り付け、当該サンプルを温度30℃の水中に1分間浸漬している間に元の長さの2.0倍に長さ方向(MD)に一軸延伸(1段目延伸)した。次いで当該サンプルを、ヨウ素を0.03~0.05質量%およびヨウ化カリウムを1.0質量%の濃度で含有する温度32℃の染色浴に2分間浸漬している間に元の長さの2.5倍まで長さ方向(MD)に一軸延伸(2段目延伸)した。
(a)透過率Tsの測定
実施例または比較例で得られたPVAフィルムを用いて作製された偏光フィルムからMD20mm×TD20mmの正方形のサンプルを2枚採取し、積分球付き分光光度計(日本分光株式会社製「V7100」)を用いて、JIS Z8722:2009(物体色の測定方法)に準拠し、C光源、2°視野の可視光領域の視感度補正を行い、1枚のサンプルについて、長さ方向に対して45°傾けた場合の光の透過率と-45°傾けた場合の光の透過率を測定して、それらの平均値Ts1(%)を求めた。もう1枚のサンプルについても同様にして、45°傾けた場合の光の透過率と-45°傾けた場合の光の透過率を測定して、それらの平均値Ts2(%)を求めた。下記式(1)によりTs1とTs2を平均し、偏光フィルムの透過率Ts(%)とした。
Ts=(Ts1+Ts2)/2 (1)
(b)偏光度Vの測定
上記透過率Tsの測定で採取した2枚のサンプルを、その長さ方向が平行になるように重ねた場合の光の透過率T∥(%)、および、長さ方向が直交するように重ねた場合の光の透過率T⊥(%)を、上記「(a)透過率Tsの測定」の場合と同様にして測定し、下記式(2)により偏光度V(%)を求めた。
V = {(T∥-T⊥)/(T∥+T⊥)}1/2×100 (2)
(c)光透過性
染色浴のヨウ素濃度を調整することにより作製した透過率Tsが43.0%から44.0%の偏光子について、透過率Tsと偏光度Vの関係から、偏光度Vが99.995%における透過率Tsを算出し、光透過性の指標とした。
PVA(A)として重合度2400、けん化度99.9モル%のPVA(酢酸ビニルの単独重合体のけん化物)のチップを用いた。当該PVAのチップ100質量部を35℃の蒸留水2500質量部に浸漬させた後、遠心脱水を行い、揮発分率60質量%のPVA含水チップを得た。
アニオン系界面活性剤(B)、電解質(C)の種類及び使用量を表1に示されるとおりに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてPVAフィルムを製造してそれを評価した。なお、実施例2~4、7及び比較例1~3で使用したアニオン系界面活性剤(B)は、実施例1で使用したスルホン酸型と同じものである。実施例5及び比較例4で使用したアニオン系界面活性剤(B)は、硫酸エステル型のポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム(ポリオキシエチレン鎖数が3、アルキル鎖の炭素数が12)であり、実施例6で使用したアニオン系界面活性剤(B)は、リン酸エステル型のポリオキシエチレンアルキルリン酸エステル硫酸カリウム(ポリオキシエチレン鎖数が6、アルキル鎖の炭素数が13)である。また、比較例4では、電解質(C)を使用せず、ノニオン系界面活性剤である3級アミド型のラウリン酸ジエタノールアミド0.07質量部を使用した。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (6)
- ポリビニルアルコール(A)、炭素数9~30のアニオン系界面活性剤(B)及び炭素数0~8の電解質(C)を含有するポリビニルアルコールフィルムであって、
アニオン系界面活性剤(B)の含有量が、ポリビニルアルコール(A)100質量部に対して0.04~0.40質量部であり、
電解質(C)の含有量が、ポリビニルアルコール(A)100質量部に対して0.04~0.40質量部であるポリビニルアルコールフィルム。 - 電解質(C)が、アルカリ金属硫酸塩、アルカリ金属スルホン酸塩、アルカリ金属リン酸塩及びアルカリ金属カルボン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
- フィルム幅が1.5m以上である、請求項1または2に記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
- フィルムの長さが3000m以上である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
- フィルム厚みが10~70μmである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを染色する工程及び延伸する工程を有する、偏光フィルムの製造方法。
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