WO2020134740A1 - 一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
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- the invention relates to a platinum-doped carbide electrolytic water catalytic material and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of electrolytic water catalysis.
- Nano-carbon fiber is a fibrous nano-carbon material made by rolling multiple layers of graphite sheets. Because of its high strength, high electrical conductivity and good thermal conductivity, it is used in fuel cell electrodes, capacitor electrode materials, heavy metal detection and other fields; In addition, nano-carbon fiber is widely used in the field of catalysis due to its simple preparation, large specific surface area, acid and alkali resistance, and good conductivity.
- Carbide especially metal carbide has good stability and strong corrosion resistance, but its catalytic activity is poor, when introducing some other metal elements in the metal carbide, such as: Ni, Co and other elements, Forming metal-doped carbides, the catalytic performance of the carbides is greatly improved at this time, but there are relatively few researches on the use of metal-doped carbides in the electrolysis of electrolyzed water.
- the main preparation methods of metal-doped carbides are: template method, hydrothermal method, electrodeposition method and so on. These preparation methods are relatively cumbersome, and some methods require more stringent conditions.
- the prepared metal-doped carbides have problems of uneven dispersion, large and non-uniform size, and insignificant synergistic catalytic effect.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a platinum-doped carbide electrolytic water catalytic material and a preparation method thereof.
- the method is simple in process and relatively low in cost.
- the platinum-doped carbide catalyst obtained in the preparation of platinum-doped carbide catalyst is dispersed With good performance and small particle size, the prepared catalyst has high catalytic activity.
- the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for preparing a platinum-doped carbide electrolytic water catalytic material, the method comprising:
- the solvent for the ultrafine fiber precursor is prepared into a spinning solution with a mass concentration of 5 to 15%, and the platinum precursor and the carbide precursor are dissolved in the spinning solution, and the mass ratio of the two is 1 : 2 ⁇ 5, then use the electrospinning method to prepare the spinning solution into ultrafine fiber membrane;
- the ultrafine fiber precursor is one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the metal platinum precursor is one or more of chloroplatinic acid, platinum chloride, and platinum acetylacetonate.
- the precursor of the carbide is one of phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, ammonium metatungstate, and molybdenum carbonyl.
- the solvent is any one of dimethylformamide, ethanol, or water.
- the operating parameters of the electrospinning method are: the spinning voltage is 4 to 20 kV, the distance from the spinning needle to the receiving device is 5 to 20 cm, and the solution pushing speed is 0.01 to 0.05 mL /min.
- the calcination is to place the ultrafine fiber membrane in the corundum boat, and then place it in the middle of the tube furnace for calcination.
- the temperature increase rate in the calcination process is 1 to 5°C/min.
- the invention provides a platinum-doped carbide electrolyzed water catalytic material prepared by the above preparation method, the electrolytic water catalyst material is composed of a catalytically active substance and a carrier, the catalytically active substance is a platinum-doped carbide, the carrier It is ultra-fine carbon fiber.
- the diameter of the ultra-fine carbon fiber is 100-1000 nm.
- the size of the platinum-doped carbide is 2-10 nm.
- the invention also provides the application of the platinum-doped carbide electrolysis water catalytic material in the field of electrolysis water.
- the present invention has significant advantages:
- the electrospinning method is used to dissolve the ultrafine fiber precursor, metal salt and carbide precursor in a solvent to prepare a spinning solution, and then use the electrostatic spinning method to prepare the spinning solution into ultrafine fibers ,
- the method is simple and easy to operate.
- the ultra-fine carbon fiber can effectively protect the doped metals and carbides from the corrosion of the electrolyte, giving the catalyst good stability and durability.
- the catalyst After the catalyst has passed 5000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry, it is at 10mA ⁇
- the corresponding over-potential at the current density of cm -2 is only reduced by 15mV, and it can still maintain a high catalytic activity.
- Fig.1 Polarization curves of electrolyzed water catalytic materials Ar-Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs and Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs in 0.5M H 2 SO 4 (Ar represents the whole process of catalyst preparation under argon protection Bottom; 2:1 represents the molar ratio of platinum acetylacetonate to phosphomolybdic acid).
- FIG. 1 Microstructure of Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs electrolyzed water catalytic material, where (a): field emission scanning electron micrograph; (b): transmission electron micrograph.
- Figure 6 Field emission scanning electron micrograph of Pt/MoC(2:1)-NFs-4% electrolyzed water catalytic material.
- Fig.7 Polarization curves of electrolyzed water catalytic materials Pt/MoC(0.08:1)-CNFs, Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs and Pt/MoC(3.8:1)-CNFs in 0.5M H 2 SO 4 .
- the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity was tested in a 0.5M sulfuric acid solution.
- the data obtained are shown in FIG. 1.
- the curve represented by the solid small square in FIG. 1 is the Ar-Pt/MoC prepared in Example 1. 2:1)-The polarization curve of CNFs hybrid material in 0.5MH 2 SO 4 is based on the current density of 10mA ⁇ cm -2 , and the over-potential corresponding to the material is compared to determine the catalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the material. Corresponding value for the abscissa. Through the polarization curve, the catalyst performance can be obtained
- FIG. 1 shows the Ar-Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs prepared in Example 1 and its implementation.
- Example 2 The polarization curves of the two Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs hybrid materials prepared in 0.5MH 2 SO 4 based on the current density of 10mA ⁇ cm -2 and comparing the corresponding overpotentials of the materials To determine the catalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the material, the closer the overpotential (that is, the value corresponding to the abscissa) to 0, the better the catalytic performance. By comparison, it is found that the pre-oxidized material has better catalytic performance. Therefore, the firing conditions are preferred Pre-oxidation.
- Fig. 2 is the microscopic morphology of Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs hybrid material, where (a) is a field emission scanning electron microscope photograph, showing that the Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs hybrid prepared by the present invention
- the fiber diameter of the chemical material is about 250nm, the surface of the fiber is relatively smooth, and there are no large particles.
- (b) is a transmission electron micrograph. It can be seen that the particles of the Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs hybrid material are evenly dispersed on the carbon fiber.
- the size is 2 ⁇ 3nm, the particle size distribution is very narrow, and the size is very uniform, which is better than platinum doped carbide prepared by other methods (>5nm, poor uniformity).
- Figure 3 is the XRD spectrum of Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs hybrid material.
- the spectrum proves the existence of MoC in Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs hybrid material, but no metal appears in the spectrum.
- the peak of platinum indicates that the platinum particles are extremely small, doped in MoC and carbon fiber, and thus cannot be seen.
- Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs (Pt content of 1.7wt%) were directly used as electrodes, and their electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity was tested in 0.5M sulfuric acid solution.
- the data obtained are shown in Figure 4, at a current density of 10mA ⁇ cm -2 Under the same conditions, the overpotential value of the commercial Pt/C electrode (Pt content is 20wt%) under the current density of 10mA ⁇ cm -2 , the overpotential value is 30mV, it can be seen that Catalytic materials can achieve almost uniform catalytic hydrogen evolution activity of commercial Pt/C electrodes with a small amount of Pt content.
- the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution stability was tested in 0.5M sulfuric acid solution. The data obtained is shown in Figure 5. It can be seen that after 5000 cycles of CV testing, it is 10mA ⁇ cm -2 At current density, the overpotential value is only reduced by 15mV. It can be seen that the electrocatalytic material prepared by the present invention has excellent stability and is a material that is expected to replace commercial Pt/C electrodes.
- Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 it can be seen that the electrocatalytic material prepared by the present invention has strong hydrogen evolution activity, (b) is commercialized Pt/C (20wt%), Pt/MoC (2:1)- The Tafel slopes of the four materials CNFs, MoC-CNFs and Pt-CNFs in 0.5MH 2 SO 4 , this graph compares the catalytic performance of electrolyzed water in terms of kinetics, that is, the lower the slope value, the more conducive to the improvement of catalytic performance . It can be seen that the Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs electrolyzed water catalytic material prepared by the method of Example 2 has excellent catalytic performance.
- the spinning voltage is preferably 12 kV.
- the ultrafine fiber film obtained under the same spinning conditions to the corundum boat, and place the corundum boat in the middle of the tube furnace; under air conditions, it needs 4h to rise from room temperature to 200°C, and at 200°C Hold for 1h; then raise the temperature to 900°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min for 3h, while passing argon inert gas, and finally cool to room temperature under the protection of argon to obtain electrolysis of metal doped in carbide particles Water catalytic material. Use it directly as an electrode, and test its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity in 0.5M sulfuric acid solution. It was found that the performance of the resulting catalyst The catalyst in Example 2 In comparison, the overpotential has increased. Therefore, the optimum firing temperature of the catalyst is preferably 1000°C.
- the mass ratio of platinum acetylacetonate to phosphomolybdic acid is preferably 1:2.38.
- the fiber precursor is preferably polyacrylonitrile.
- the mass concentration of the spinning precursor is too low or too high to affect whether high-quality fibers can be spun.
- the optimal amount of platinum acetylacetonate is preferably 0.078g.
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Abstract
一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料及其制备方法,首先利用静电纺丝法将金属前驱体、碳化物前驱体和超细纤维前驱体制备得到超细纤维膜,之后经过预氧化或非预氧化的方法和高温碳化的方式制备得到金属铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料。制备得到的金属铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料结合了碳纤维的高导电性和碳化物与金属之间的协同作用,提高了其析氢催化活性以及稳定性;采用静电纺丝进行制备,既简单又安全。
Description
本发明涉及一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料及其制备方法,属于电解水催化技术领域。
在新能源发展中,氢气由于其具有零排放,来源丰富的特点而备受研究者喜爱。在众多产氢方法中,电解水制氢被认为是一种高效、便捷和最有前途的制备方法。在电解水制氢过程中,主要有两个基本的半反应:阴极析氢反应和阳极析氧反应。由于反应具有较大的动力学阻碍,所以这两个反应都需借助催化剂来完成。迄今为止,铂金属催化剂在电解水析氢方面的催化性能最优异,然而因其价格昂贵且在地球的储存量低,大大限制了它的应用。电解水制氢领域的研究者一直在找寻低成本、高性能、高稳定性的催化材料。
纳米碳纤维是由多层石墨片卷曲而成的纤维状纳米碳材料,因其具有高强度、高导电性以及较好的导热性而被应用于燃料电池电极、电容电极材料、重金属检测等领域;此外,纳米碳纤维还由于其制备简单、比表面积大、耐酸耐碱以及导电性好的优点,使得其被广泛应用于催化领域。
碳化物,尤其是金属碳化物具有较好的稳定性与较强的耐腐蚀性,但其催化活性较差,当在金属碳化物中引入其他的一些金属元素,如:Ni、Co等元素,形成金属掺杂的碳化物,这时碳化物的催化性能大大提高,但是目前关于金属掺杂碳化物用于电解水催化的相关研究还相对较少。
目前金属掺杂碳化物的制备方法主要有:模板法、水热法、电沉积法等。这些制备方法相对来说较为繁琐,有些方法所需条件较为苛刻,所制备的金属掺杂碳化物存在分散不均匀,尺寸较大且不均一,协同催化效果不明显等问题。
需要寻找一种简单的、反应温度温和的制备金属掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料及其制备方法,该方法工艺简单、成本较为低廉,制备的铂掺杂碳化物的催化剂中得铂掺杂碳化物得分散性好、颗粒尺寸小,制备得到催化剂得催化活性较高。
具体的,本发明提供的技术方案为:一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,所述方法包括:
(1)将超细纤维前驱体用溶剂配成质量浓度为5~15%的纺丝液,将金属铂的前驱体和碳化物的前驱体溶解于纺丝液中,两者质量比为1:2~5,然后采用静电纺丝法将纺丝液制备成超细纤维膜;
(2)将超细纤维膜进行煅烧,首先在200~280℃下,在空气中预氧化保温1~3h,或在惰性气体中无预氧化保温1~3h,保温结束后,在惰性气氛下,之后升温至800~1200℃,保温3~6h,最后在惰性气体保护下冷却至室温,即得制备得到铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料,其中,金属铂的负载量为1~5wt%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述超细纤维前驱体为聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述金属铂的前驱体为氯铂酸、氯化铂、乙酰丙酮铂中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述碳化物的前驱体为磷钼酸、磷钨酸、偏钨酸铵、羰基钼中的一种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇或水中的任一种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述静电纺丝法的操作参数为:纺丝电压为4~20kV,纺丝针头到接收装置的距离为5~20cm,溶液推速为0.01~0.05mL/min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述煅烧为将超细纤维膜放置于刚玉舟中,再放置在管式炉中部进行煅烧。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述煅烧过程中的升温速率为1~5℃/min。
本发明提供了上述制备方法制备得到的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料,所述电解水催化剂材料由催化活性物和载体组成,所述催化活性物为铂掺杂碳化物,所述载体为超细碳纤维。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述超细碳纤维的直径为100~1000nm。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述铂掺杂碳化物的尺寸为2~10nm。
本发明还提供了上述铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料在电解水领域的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有显著优点:
(1)本发明采用静电纺丝法将超细纤维前驱体、金属盐和碳化物前驱体溶于溶剂中,配成纺丝液,随后利用静电纺丝法将纺丝液制备成超细纤维,该方法简单,易操作。
(2)本发明所制备的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料,其中金属Pt的质量比小于5wt%,Pt掺杂碳化物粒子分散均匀,尺寸均一,为2~10nm;本发明利用掺杂金属与碳化物粒子之 间的协同作用,能够显著提高催化剂的催化活性,在相同的测试条件下,Pt(1.7wt%)掺杂碳化钼的电解水催化材料的催化性能(10mA·cm
-1处的过电位为η
10=38mV)接近商业铂碳(20wt%)的催化性能(10mA·cm
-1处的过电位为η
10=30mV)。
(3)超细碳纤维可以有效保护掺杂金属以及碳化物免受电解液的侵蚀,赋予催化剂良好的稳定性与耐久性,在电解质溶液中,催化剂经过5000圈循环伏安测试后,其在10mA·cm
-2电流密度下所对应的过电位只降低了15mV,仍能够保持较高的催化活性。
图1电解水催化材料Ar-Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs和Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs在0.5M H
2SO
4中的极化曲线(Ar代表催化剂制备全程在氩气保护下;2:1代表乙酰丙酮铂和磷钼酸的摩尔比)。
图2Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs电解水催化材料的微观形貌,其中,(a):场发扫描电镜照片;(b):透射电镜照片。
图3Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs电解水催化材料的XRD谱图。
图4实施例2~4制备得到的电解水催化材料的电催化活性,其中,(a):电解水催化材料在0.5M H
2SO
4中的极化曲线;(b):电解水催化材料在0.5M H
2SO
4中的Tafel斜率。
图5Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs电解水催化材料的经过5000圈循环伏安测试后的极化曲线。
图6Pt/MoC(2:1)-NFs-4%电解水催化材料的场发扫描电镜照片。
图7电解水催化材料Pt/MoC(0.08:1)-CNFs、Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs和Pt/MoC(3.8:1)-CNFs在0.5M H
2SO
4中的极化曲线。
实施例1
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂、0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜;
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;打开氩气通气30min,随后运行程序,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持3h,反应一直维持在氩气惰性气体中,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料,命名为Ar-Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs。
将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性,所得数据如图1所示,图1中实心小正方形所表示的曲线为实施例1制备得到的Ar-Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs杂化材料在 0.5M H
2SO
4中的极化曲线,以10mA·cm
-2电流密度为基准,对比材料所对应的过电位来判定材料的催化析氢性能,过电位即为横坐标对应数值。通过极化曲线图,可得催化剂性能为
实施例2
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂、0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料,命名为Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs。
将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性,所得数据如图1所示,图1为实施例1制备得到的Ar-Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs和实施例2制备得到的Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs两种杂化材料在0.5M H
2SO
4中的极化曲线,以10mA·cm
-2电流密度为基准,对比材料所对应的过电位来判定材料的催化析氢性能,过电位(即为横坐标对应数值)越接近0,说明催化性能越好,通过对比发现,预氧化后的材料,催化性能更好,由此,烧制条件优选预氧化。
图2为Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs杂化材料的微观形貌,其中,(a)为场发射扫描电镜照片,可见本发明制备得到的Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs杂化材料的纤维直径大概在250nm,纤维表面较为光滑,无大粒子,(b)为透射电镜照片,可见,Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs杂化材料的粒子均匀分散在碳纤维上,粒子尺寸在2~3nm,粒径分布很窄,尺寸非常均一,优于其他方法制备得到的铂掺杂碳化物(>5nm,均一性较差)。
图3为Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs杂化材料的XRD谱图,谱图证明了在Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs杂化材料中MoC的存在,而图谱中没有出现金属铂的峰,这说明了铂粒子特别小,掺杂在MoC和碳纤维中,因而显现不出来。
将Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs(Pt含量为1.7wt%)直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性,所得数据如图4,在10mA·cm
-2电流密度下,其过电位值为38mV,相同条件下,商业Pt/C电极(Pt含量为20wt%)在10mA·cm
-2电流密度下,其过电位值为30mV,可见,本发明制备得到得电催化材料能够在少量Pt含量的情况下,达到商业Pt/C电极几乎一致的催化析氢活性。
将Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢稳定性,所得数据如图5,可见,经过5000圈CV测试后,在10mA·cm
-2电流密度下,其过电位值仅降低15mV,可见,本发明制备得到得电催化材料具有优良的稳定性,是一种有望替代商业Pt/C电极的材料。
对比例1
取0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在超细碳纤维中的电解水催化材料,命名为MoC-CNFs。
将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性,所得数据如图4,可见,未掺杂金属铂的碳化物电催化材料的析氢活性大大降低。
对比例2
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在超细碳纤维中的电解水催化材料,命名为Pt-CNFs。
将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性,所得数据如图4,可见单独使用金属Pt负载在碳纤维上,制备得到的电催化材料的析氢活性较差,综合比较实施例1~2和对比例1~2,可见,本发明制备得到电催化材料具有较强的析氢活性,(b)为商业化Pt/C(20wt%)、Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs、MoC-CNFs和Pt-CNFs四种材料在0.5M H
2SO
4中的Tafel斜率,这个图从动力学方面比较了电解水的催化性能,即斜率值越低,越有利于催化性能的提高。可见,实施例2方法制备得到的Pt/MoC(2:1)-CNFs电解水催化材料的催化性能优异。
实施例3
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂、0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为16kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料。
实施例4
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂、0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1100℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料。将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性。结果发现,所得催化剂
与实施例2中催化剂
相比,过电位有所增大。
将同样纺丝条件下所得的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至900℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料。将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性。结果发现,所得催化剂性能
与实施例2中催化剂
相比,过电位有所增大。因而优选出催化剂最佳烧制温度为1000℃。
实施例5
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂、0.0931g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为 12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料。将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性。结果发现,所得催化剂性能
与实施例2中催化剂
相比,过电位有所增大。仅改变磷钼酸的加入量(0.2275g),其它条件保持不变,所得催化剂的性能
与实施例2中催化剂
相比,过电位有所增大。因而,优选出乙酰丙酮铂与磷钼酸的质量比为1:2.38。
实施例6
取0.078g氯铂酸、0.1857g磷钨酸和1g聚乙烯醇加入到9mL水溶液中,然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为20kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为20cm(即接收距离为20cm),溶液流速为0.04mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至260℃,需要1h,并在260℃下保温3h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持5h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料。
对比例3
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂、0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到24g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为4%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,所得材料命名为Pt/MoC(2:1)-NFs-4%(NF表示没有经过碳化过程的原始纤维)。在纺丝过程中,滴液现象严重,得到的催化材料纤维形貌差,如图6所示。
取0.078g乙酰丙酮铂、0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到5.25g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为16%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min, 在纺丝过程中,由于纺丝液浓度大,纺丝针头易堵,难得到纤维。
可见,纺丝前驱体的质量浓度太低或者太高都影响能否纺出高品质的纤维。
对比例4
取0.0312g乙酰丙酮铂、0.1857g磷钼酸和1g聚丙烯腈加入到6.8g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(其中聚丙烯腈的质量浓度为12.8%),然后采用静电纺丝法对该溶液进行纺丝,控制纺丝电压为12kV,接收装置到纺丝针头的距离为12cm(即接收距离为12cm),溶液流速为0.01mL/min,即得到超细纤维膜。
将一定量的超细纤维膜加入到刚玉舟中,并将刚玉舟置于管式炉中间部位;在空气条件下,从室温升至200℃,需要4h,并在200℃下保温1h;然后以5℃/min升温速率升温至1000℃,维持3h,与此同时通氩气惰性气体,最后在氩气保护下冷却至室温,得到金属掺杂在碳化物粒子中的电解水催化材料,命名为Pt/MoC(0.08:1)-CNFs。
将其直接作为电极,在0.5M硫酸溶液中测试其电催化析氢活性,所得数据如图7所示。结果发现,所得催化剂性能
与实施例2中催化剂
相比,过电位有所增大。仅改变乙酰丙酮铂的加入量(0.1482g),其它条件保持不变,所得催化材料命名为Pt/MoC(3.8:1)-CNFs,催化剂的性能(Pt含量为3.32wt%,
),与实施例2中催化剂(Pt含量为1.5wt%,
)相比,过电位有所增大。以38mV过电位为衡量标准,进行质量比活性计算,计算结果表明,实施例2中的催化剂质量比活性(3.49A mg
-1)远大于Pt/MoC(3.8:1)-CNFs(0.32A mg
-1)。因而,优选出最优的乙酰丙酮铂用量为0.078g。
其中,质量比活性的计算过程为:在0.5M H
2SO
4中测得极化曲线,选取一定过电位,依据极化曲线得到各种材料所对应的电流密度J(单位为mA cm
-2),然后计算出电流J
K=J*S/1000(S为所用电极的表面积,J
K单位为A),再除以负载在电极上Pt的含量m(m=滴加催化剂质量*Pt wt%,单位为mg,其中,Pt wt%为各催化剂中的Pt含量,用ICP标定)。依据以上数据,计算得质量活性=J
K/m(A/mg)。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (14)
- 一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:(1)将超细纤维前驱体用溶剂配成质量浓度为5~15%的纺丝液,将金属铂的前驱体和碳化物的前驱体溶解于纺丝液中,两者质量比为1:2~5,然后采用静电纺丝法将纺丝液制备成超细纤维膜;(2)将超细纤维膜进行煅烧:首先在200~280℃下,在空气中预氧化保温1~3h或在惰性气体中无预氧化保温1~3h,保温结束后,在惰性气氛下升温至800~1200℃,保温3~6h,最后在惰性气体保护下冷却至室温,即得制备得到铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料,其中,金属铂的负载量为1wt%~5wt%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超细纤维前驱体为聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属铂的前驱体为氯铂酸、氯化铂、乙酰丙酮铂中的一种或几种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳化物的前驱体为磷钼酸、磷钨酸、偏钨酸铵、羰基钼中的任一种或几种。
- 根据权利要求1~4任一所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述静电纺丝法的操作参数为:纺丝电压为4~20kV,纺丝针头到接收装置的距离为5~20cm,溶液推速为0.01~0.05mL/min。
- 根据权利要求1~4任一所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预氧化或者无预氧化过程的升温的速率为1~5℃/min。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预氧化或者无预氧化过程的升温的速率为1~5℃/min。
- 权利要求1~4任一所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法制备得到的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料。
- 权利要求5所述的一种铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的制备方法制备得到的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料。
- 根据权利要求8或9所述的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料,其特征在于,所述电解水催化材料包括超细碳纤维和铂掺杂碳化物,其中所述超细碳纤维的直径为100~1000nm,所述铂掺杂碳化物的尺寸为2~10nm。
- 包含权利要求8或9所述的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的电解水装置或者电极。
- 包含权利要求10所述的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料的电解水装置或者电极。
- 权利要求8或9所述的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料在电解水领域的应用。
- 权利要求10所述的铂掺杂碳化物的电解水催化材料在电解水领域的应用。
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| CN112779550A (zh) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 中山大学 | 一种三维微米管状析氢反应电催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN121321031A (zh) * | 2025-11-20 | 2026-01-13 | 西安交通大学 | 硼掺杂碳纳米纤维负载钌金属纳米颗粒her催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN122321965A (zh) * | 2026-06-02 | 2026-07-03 | 西湖大学 | 利用太阳能光热转化以实现全氟污染物高效矿化的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN113322583A (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-31 | 北京化工大学 | 一种单原子金属掺杂碳纳米纤维膜及其制备方法 |
| CN114540834A (zh) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-27 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | 一种MXene基催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN116122039B (zh) * | 2023-01-17 | 2024-10-22 | 河北科技大学 | 一种非贵金属基碳纳米纤维电极及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN116445960A (zh) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-07-18 | 青岛大学 | 一种柔性电解水析氢催化材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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