WO2020134157A1 - 量子点发光二极管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

量子点发光二极管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020134157A1
WO2020134157A1 PCT/CN2019/103878 CN2019103878W WO2020134157A1 WO 2020134157 A1 WO2020134157 A1 WO 2020134157A1 CN 2019103878 W CN2019103878 W CN 2019103878W WO 2020134157 A1 WO2020134157 A1 WO 2020134157A1
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Prior art keywords
quantum dot
dot light
layer
emitting diode
electron
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PCT/CN2019/103878
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
眭俊
谢相伟
黄航
苏亮
田亚蒙
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Tcl科技集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020134157A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134157A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/115OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising active inorganic nanostructures, e.g. luminescent quantum dots
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/17Carrier injection layers

Definitions

  • Quantum dot light emitting diode and preparation method thereof
  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a quantum dot light emitting diode and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • Display technologies range from early cathode ray tubes (Cathode Ray Tube, CRT) to liquid crystal displays (Liquid Crystal) in the mid-1980s
  • Display LCD
  • plasma display panel PDP
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • QLED Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode
  • Quantum dot light-emitting diodes have great development potential in the field of display and illumination due to their advantages of narrow half-width, high brightness, continuously adjustable color with the size of quantum dots, and solution preparation.
  • the display panel prepared based on QLED has a wide color gamut and high color purity.
  • the research of QLED is still in the laboratory stage, and there are many problems to be solved in the device structure and process.
  • the carrier injection imbalance is One of the main reasons restricting the performance of QLED devices, this is because there is a large band order (hole injection barrier) between the highest electron occupation orbit of the commonly used hole transport layer HOMO and the valence band of the commonly used quantum dots. The band mismatch caused by the order largely suppresses the hole injection efficiency.
  • One of the purposes of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a quantum dot light emitting diode and a method for manufacturing the same, aiming to solve the technical problem of unbalanced carrier injection of existing devices.
  • a quantum dot light emitting diode including an anode, a cathode, and a quantum dot light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, the anode and the quantum dot light emitting layer being disposed between A material layer composed of organic molecules, the organic molecules containing electron-withdrawing groups.
  • the organic molecule contains an electron-withdrawing group selected from at least tertiary amine positive ion, nitro, trihalomethyl, cyano, sulfonate, formyl, acyl and carboxyl group at least One kind.
  • the organic molecule further contains a thiol group.
  • the organic molecule is selected from thiol, the thiol is selected from 8-nitrooctanethiol, 8-cyanooctanethiol, 12-nitrododecanethiol and 12- At least one of cyanododecanethiol.
  • the organic molecule contains a mercapto group, and the mercapto group and the electron-withdrawing group are connected by a conjugated group.
  • the organic molecule is selected from thiophenol
  • the thiophenol is selected from 4-nitrothiophenol, 3,5-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrothiophenol, 4 -Trifluoromethylthiophenol, 4-trichloromethylthiophenol, 4-cyanothiophenol, 4-sulfobenzenethiophenol, 4-formylthiophenol, 4-acylthiothio , At least one of 4-carboxythiophenol and 3,5-trifluoromethyl-4-carboxythiophenol.
  • the thickness of the material layer is 5-15 nm.
  • an electronic functional layer is provided between the cathode and the quantum dot light emitting layer.
  • the electron functional layer is an electron transport layer; or, the electron functional layer includes an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer that are stacked, and the electron transport layer and the quantum dot emit light The diodes are adjacent.
  • a hole functional layer is provided between the anode and the material layer.
  • the hole functional layer is a hole transport layer; or, the hole functional layer includes a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer provided in a stack, and the hole transport layer Adjacent to the material layer.
  • a method for manufacturing a quantum dot light emitting diode including the following steps:
  • the step of preparing a material layer composed of organic molecules on the substrate includes:
  • the organic molecular solution is deposited on the substrate, and then annealed to obtain the material layer.
  • the temperature of the annealing treatment is 80-120°C.
  • the annealing treatment time is 10-20min.
  • the solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, acetone, propanol and butanol.
  • the organic molecular solution is deposited on the substrate, followed by vacuum drying treatment and cleaning treatment with a solvent, and then performing the annealing treatment to obtain the material layer.
  • the substrate is an anode substrate, after preparing the material layer on the substrate, further comprising: preparing a quantum dot light-emitting layer on the material layer, the quantum dot light-emitting layer Preparing an electron transport layer on top, and preparing a cathode on the electron transport layer; or,
  • the substrate is a cathode substrate, and a quantum dot light emitting layer is provided on the surface of the substrate. After preparing the material layer on the quantum dot light emitting layer, the method further includes: preparing an anode on the surface of the material layer.
  • the organic molecule is a thiol
  • the thiol is selected from 8-nitrooctanethiol, 8-cyanooctanethiol, 12-nitrododecanethiol and 12-cyano Based on at least one kind of dodecanethiol.
  • the organic molecule is thiophenol
  • the thiophenol is selected from 4-nitrothiophenol, 3, 5-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrothiothio, 4- Trifluoromethylthiophenol, 4-trichloromethylthiophenol, 4-cyanothiophenol,
  • the beneficial effects of the quantum dot light emitting diode are as follows:
  • a material layer for increasing the work function of the anode surface is provided between the anode and the quantum dot light emitting layer.
  • the organic molecules contain electron-withdrawing groups
  • the organic molecules containing electron-withdrawing groups can form a positive dipole on the anode surface, and the positive dipole can raise the vacuum level of the anode material surface, thereby increasing
  • the surface work function of the anode material reduces the hole injection barrier from the anode to the quantum dot material, thereby improving the hole injection efficiency of the device, making the injection of holes and electrons more balanced, and ultimately improving the performance of the device.
  • the beneficial effects of the preparation method of the quantum dot light emitting diode are as follows:
  • the preparation method is simple in process and low in cost, and a material layer composed of unique organic molecules can be directly prepared on the substrate In order to obtain the device; in the device finally obtained by the preparation method, the material layer is between the anode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, and is made of organic molecules containing electron-withdrawing groups, such organic molecules can increase the anode material
  • the surface work function reduces the hole injection barrier from the anode to the quantum dot material, thereby improving the hole injection efficiency of the device, making the injection of holes and electrons more balanced, and ultimately improving the performance of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum dot light emitting diode according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum dot light emitting diode according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a quantum dot light emitting diode according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide a quantum dot light emitting diode, including an anode, a cathode, and a quantum dot light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, the anode and the quantum dot light emitting layer being disposed between A material layer composed of organic molecules, the organic molecules containing electron-withdrawing groups.
  • the surface work function of a material is determined by the difference between the vacuum level on the surface and the internal Fermi level, and is expressed as:
  • 0 is the surface work function
  • represents the Fermi energy level
  • a material layer for increasing the work function of the anode surface is provided between the anode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, and the material layer is composed of unique organic molecules, that is, the Organic molecules contain electron-withdrawing groups.
  • the organic molecules with electron-withdrawing groups can form a positive dipole on the surface of the anode.
  • the positive dipole can raise the vacuum level of the surface of the anode material, thereby increasing the surface work function of the anode material.
  • the hole injection barrier from the anode to the quantum dot material is reduced, thereby improving the hole injection efficiency of the device, making the injection of holes and electrons more balanced, and ultimately improving the performance of the device.
  • the electron-withdrawing group contained in the organic molecule is selected from a tertiary amine positive ion (-N + R 3 ) and a nitro group (-NO 2
  • trihalomethyl such as trifluoromethyl (-CF 3 ), trichloromethyl (-CC1 3 ), cyano (-CN), sulfonate (-S0 3 H)
  • the electron-withdrawing group may be one, for example, the electron-withdrawing group may be a tertiary amine positive ion, or the electron-withdrawing group may be a nitro group, or the electron-withdrawing group may be a trihalomethyl group, etc.; or
  • the electron withdrawing group may include two types, for example, the electron withdrawing group includes a tertiary amine positive ion and a nitro group, or the electron withdrawing group includes a nitro group and trinanmethyl group, or the electron withdrawing group includes a carboxyl group and trihalomethyl group, Or the like; or the electron withdrawing group may include three kinds, for example, the electron withdrawing group may include a nitro group, trinamyl group, and sulfonic acid group, etc.
  • the organic molecule contains a thiol group
  • the thiol group can not only be used as a coordination group to bind to the quantum dot, but also when the organic molecule contains a thiol group
  • the organic molecule containing thiol has a high ionization potential, it is placed between the anode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, which can reduce the Fermi level of the anode material, thereby increasing the surface work function of the anode material.
  • the electron-withdrawing group it also contains a thiol group. Through the superposition of the two, the surface work function of the anode is increased, and the hole injection barrier from the anode to the quantum dot material is reduced, thereby improving the high hole injection efficiency of the device and making the device Performance is better.
  • the organic molecule is selected from thiol
  • the thiol is selected from 8-nitrooctanethiol, 8-cyanooctanethiol, 12-nitrododecanethiol and 12- At least one of cyano dodecanethiol; specifically, the thiol may be one, such as the thiol is 8-nitrooctanethiol, or the thiol is 8-cyanooctanethiol, or the thiol is 12-nitrododecanethiol, etc.; or thiols may include two kinds, such as thiols including 8-nitrooctanethiol and 8-cyanooctanethiol, or thiols including 8-cyanooctanethiol and 12-cyanododecanethiol, or thiols including 12-nitrododecanethiol and 12-cyanododecanethiol;
  • the organic molecule is selected from at least one of thiol and thiophenol, the organic molecule contains a mercapto group, the mercapto group is a group used by the quantum dot ligand, thereby reducing hole injection from the anode to the quantum dot material Barrier.
  • the thiophenol is selected from 4-nitrothiophenol, 3,5-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrothiothio, 4-trifluoromethylthiothio, 4-trithiol Chloromethyl thiophenol, 4-cyanothiophenol, 4-sulfothiophenol, 4-formylthiophenol, 4-acylthiothio, 4-carboxythiothio and 3, 5- At least one of trifluoromethyl-4-carboxythiophenol; specifically, thiophenol may be one, such as thiophenol is 4-nitrobenzenethiophenol, or thiophenol is 3, 5-trifluoromethyl 4-nitronitrothiophenol, or 4-thiotrimethylthiophenol, or 4-trichloromethylthiophenol, etc.; or thiophenol can include two types, such as Thiols include 4-nitrobenzenethiol and 3,5-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrobenzenethiol, or thiophenols include 4-trichloromethylthiophenol and 4-cyan
  • the organic molecule is sulfur
  • the thickness of the material layer is 5-15 nm.
  • an electronic functional layer is provided between the cathode and the quantum dot light emitting layer, and the electronic functional layer is an electron transport layer, or
  • the electron functional layer includes an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer that are stacked, and the electron transport layer is adjacent to the quantum dot light-emitting diode, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a hole functional layer is provided between the anode and the material layer.
  • the hole functional layer is a hole transport layer; or, the hole functional layer includes a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer that are stacked, and the hole transport layer is adjacent to the material layer, As shown in Figure 1.
  • the hole function layer includes a hole transport layer
  • the material layer composed of the organic molecules is disposed on the surface of the hole transport layer close to the quantum dot light-emitting layer, so that the hole transport layer can be increased by the action of the material layer
  • the surface work function of the material reduces the hole injection barrier from the hole transport layer material to the quantum dot material, thereby more effectively improving the hole injection efficiency of the device, making the injection of holes and electrons more balanced, and ultimately better Device performance.
  • the structure is sequentially arranged from bottom to top Substrate, anode, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, material layer composed of organic molecules containing mercapto groups and electron withdrawing groups, quantum dot light emitting layer, electron transport layer, cathode.
  • the substrate is a commonly used rigid substrate such as glass, commonly used flexible substrate such as PI film, etc.
  • the anode is a commonly used anode material, such as ITO, IZO, etc.
  • the hole injection layer (HIL) The materials are commonly used hole injection materials, such as PEDOT:PSS, NiOx, W03, etc.
  • the hole transport layer (HTL) materials are commonly used hole transport materials, such as TPD, poly-TPD, PVK, CBP, NPB, TCTA, TFB, etc.
  • the quantum dot light emitting layer is a commonly used quantum dot, such as n-vi group compound, mv group compound, nv group compound, m-vi group compound, iv-vi group compound, im-vi group compound, One or more of n-iv-vi group compounds or group iv elements
  • the electron transport layer material (ETL) is a commonly used electron transport material, such as ZnO, BaO, 110 2 etc.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a quantum dot light emitting diode, as shown in FIG. 3, including the following steps:
  • S02 preparing a material layer composed of organic molecules on the substrate; wherein, the organic molecules contain electron-withdrawing groups.
  • the preparation method of the quantum dot light emitting diode has a simple process and low cost, and the device can be obtained by directly preparing a material layer composed of unique organic molecules on the substrate; the device finally obtained by the preparation method
  • the material layer is between the anode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, and is a material layer made of organic molecules containing electron-withdrawing groups.
  • Such organic molecules can increase the surface work function of the anode material and reduce the anode to quantum dot material.
  • the hole injection barrier improves the hole injection efficiency of the device, makes the injection of holes and electrons more balanced, and ultimately improves the performance of the device.
  • step S01 if an anode is provided on the surface of the substrate, the substrate is an anode substrate, a material layer composed of organic molecules containing electron-withdrawing groups is directly prepared on the anode, and subsequently a quantum is prepared on the material layer Dot light-emitting layer, then an electron transport layer is prepared on the quantum dot light-emitting layer, and finally a cathode is prepared on the electron transport layer; if a quantum dot light-emitting layer is provided on the surface of the substrate, the substrate is a cathode substrate, and the quantum dot light-emitting layer is prepared directly containing A material layer composed of organic molecules with electron-withdrawing groups, and an anode is subsequently prepared on the surface of the material layer.
  • the step of preparing a material layer composed of organic molecules on the substrate includes:
  • E01 dissolving the organic molecules in a solvent to obtain an organic molecule solution
  • E02 depositing the organic molecular solution on the substrate and then annealing to obtain the material layer.
  • the organic molecule may be a thiol or thiophenol, as described above in detail, when the thiol, the thiol is selected from 8-nitrooctanethiol, 8-cyano At least one of octanethiol, 12-nitrododecanethiol, and 12-cyanododecanethiol; specifically, the thiol may be one, for example, the thiol is 8-nitrooctanethiol, or sulfur The alcohol is 8-cyanooctanethiol, or the thiol is 12-nitrododecanethiol, etc.; or the thiol may include two kinds, for example, the thiol includes 8-nitrooctanethiol and 8-cyanooctane Mercaptan, or mercaptan including 8-cyanooctanethiol and 12-cyanododecanethiol, or mercapt
  • the thiophenol is selected from 4-nitrothiophenol, 3,5-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrothiothio, 4-trifluoromethylthiothio, 4-trithiol Chloromethyl thiophenol, 4-cyanothiophenol, 4-sulfothiophenol, 4-formylthiophenol, 4-acylthiothio, 4-carboxythiothio and 3, 5- At least one of trifluoromethyl-4-carboxythiophenol; specifically, thiophenol may be one, such as thiophenol is 4-nitrobenzenethiophenol, or thiophenol is 3, 5-trifluoromethyl 4-Nitrothiophenol, or thiophenol is 4-trifluoromethyl thiophenol, or thiophenol is 4-trichloromethyl thiophenol, etc.; or thiophenol can include two types, such as Thiols include 4-nitrobenzenethiol and 3,5-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrothiophenol, or thiophenols include
  • the organic molecule is thiophenol.
  • the solvent is an organic solvent, such as ethanol, acetone, propanol, butanol, etc.
  • the solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, acetone, propanol, and butanol.
  • the solvent may be one, for example, the solvent is ethanol, or the solvent is acetone, or the solvent is propanol, etc.; or the solvent may Including two types, such as solvents including ethanol and acetone, or solvents including ethanol and propanol, etc.; or
  • the agent may include three kinds, for example, the solvent includes ethanol, propanol, butanol and the like.
  • the temperature of the annealing process is 80-120 ° C; the time of the annealing process is 10- 20min. Within this temperature and time range, the material layer can be better formed.
  • the organic molecular solution is deposited on the substrate, followed by vacuum drying treatment and cleaning treatment with a solvent, and then performing the annealing treatment to obtain the material layer.
  • vacuum drying and solvent cleaning uncoordinated organic molecules in the material layer can be better removed.
  • the organic molecular solution is deposited on the substrate, after vacuum drying to form a film, annealing at 100 ° C, N 2 atmosphere for 15 min, and then spin coating with ethanol solvent, to After removing the uncoordinated organic molecules, the spin-coating treatment with ethanol solvent is repeated 3 times in this way, and subsequent annealing treatment is performed.
  • a QLED light emitting device a schematic structural diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2, includes a substrate, an anode disposed on the substrate, a hole injection layer disposed on the anode, and a hole injection disposed from bottom to top A hole transport layer on the layer, a material layer composed of 4-nitrothiophenol on the hole transport layer, a quantum dot light emitting layer on the material layer, an electron transport layer on the quantum dot light emitting layer, The cathode arranged on the electron transport layer is arranged on the encapsulation layer between the anode and the cathode (not shown).
  • the substrate is a glass substrate
  • the anode is made of ITO and has a thickness of 150 nm. Take out the ITO, first clear the large particles of dust on the surface with a nitrogen gun, then ultrasonically clean with detergent, ultra-pure water, and isopropanol in sequence for 15 minutes, and finally quickly dry the surface with a high-purity nitrogen gun and dry it for use;
  • the hole injection layer prepared on the anode in principle, common hole injection materials can be used in this embodiment, such as PEDOT: PSS, NiO, WO 3
  • the water-soluble conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on the anode, vacuum-dried to form a film, and annealed at 150°C for 15 min, with a thickness of 60 nm;
  • the hole transport layer prepared on the hole injection layer in principle, common hole transport materials can be used in this embodiment, such as TPD, poly-TPD, PYK, CBP, NPB, TCTA, TFB, etc.,
  • TPD poly-TPD
  • PYK poly-TPD
  • CBP CBP
  • NPB TCTA
  • TFB TFB
  • T The FB solution was spin-coated on the hole injection layer, and after vacuum drying to form a film, 230°C, N 2
  • the material layer prepared on the hole transport layer is prepared using 4-nitrothiophenol ethanol solution, by spin coating the 4-nitrothiophenol ethanol solution on the hole transport layer After vacuum drying, the film is annealed at 100°C under N 2 atmosphere for 15 minutes, and then spin-coated with ethanol solvent to remove the uncoordinated 4_nitrothiophenol, so spin-coated with ethanol solvent repeatedly After 3 treatments, then 100°C, N 2
  • the modification layer thickness is 10nm
  • the quantum dot light emitting layer prepared on the material layer in principle, common quantum dot light emitting materials can be used in this embodiment, such as n-vi group compounds, mv group compounds, nv group compounds, m-vi group compounds , Iv-vi group compound, im-vi group compound, n-iv-vi group compound or one or more of iv elemental substance, in this embodiment, CdSe/CdS/ZnS red light quantum dot ink is used for spin coating on the material On the layer, after vacuum drying to form a film, annealed lOmin in 100 °CN 2 atmosphere, the thickness is 25nm;
  • the electron transport layer prepared on the quantum dot light-emitting layer in principle, common electron transport layer materials can be used in this embodiment, such as ZnO, BaO, Ti02, etc.
  • ZnO is used as the electron transport layer material, After spin-coating the ZnO solution on the quantum dot light-emitting layer and vacuum drying to form a film, 120°CN 2
  • the cathode prepared on the electron transport layer in principle, common cathode materials such as low work function metals or their alloys can be used in this embodiment, such as Al, Ag, MgAg alloy, etc.
  • A1 is steamed Plated on the electron transport layer; thickness is 150nm;
  • Each functional layer is encapsulated between the anode and the cathode through a UV sealant and a drying sheet to obtain a complete device.
  • This embodiment provides a method applied to the HTL/QD film interface modification, by adding a layer of 4-nitrothiophenol to the surface of the HTL near the QD.
  • the 4-nitrothiophenol organic small molecule contains two functional groups, one group is the group used by the quantum dot ligand: mercapto group (connected to the benzene ring, generally called thiophenol), by introducing thiophenol Functional groups can make molecules have a higher ionization potential, can reduce the Fermi level of HTL materials, thereby increasing the surface work function of HTL materials, and reducing the hole injection barrier from HTL materials to quantum dot materials; another base
  • the group is an electron-withdrawing group nitro (-N0 2 ).
  • a positive dipole By introducing an electron-withdrawing group, a positive dipole can be formed on the surface of the HTL.
  • the positive dipole can raise the vacuum level of the surface of the HTL material, thereby increasing the surface of the HTL material.
  • the work function reduces the hole injection barrier from the HTL material to the quantum dot material.
  • the two groups are combined and the effects of the two groups are superimposed, which can significantly improve the work function of the surface of the HTL material, reduce the hole injection barrier of the HTL material to the quantum dot material, and improve the hole injection.
  • the efficiency makes the injection of holes and electrons tend to be electrically balanced, so that the recombination efficiency of excitons is greatly improved, thereby improving the performance of the device.

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Abstract

本申请公开一种量子点发光二极管及其制备方法。一种量子点发光二极管,包括阳极、阴极以及位于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的量子点发光层,所述阳极与所述量子点发光层之间设置由有机分子组成的材料层,所述有机分子含有吸电子基团。该含有吸电子基团有机分子组成的材料层,能降低阳极到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒,从而提高器件的空穴注入效率,使空穴跟电子的注入更平衡,最终提高器件的性能。

Description

量子点发光二极管及其制备方法
[0001] 本申请要求于 2018年 12月 28日在中国专利局提交的、 申请号为 2018116266357
、 发明名称为“量子点发光二极管及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全 部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
[0002] 本申请涉及显示技术领域, 具体涉及一种量子点发光二极管及其制备方法。
背景技术
[0003] 显示技术从早期的阴极射线管 (Cathode Ray Tube, CRT) 到 20世纪 80年代中 期的液晶显示器 (Liquid Crystal
Display , LCD) 、 等离子体平板显示屏 (plasma display panel, PDP) , 再到目 前主流的有机发光二极管 (Organic Light Emitting Diode, OLED) 和量子点发光 二极管 (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode, QLED) , 显示技术完成了一次又 一次质的飞跃。
[0004] 量子点发光二极管因其窄半峰宽、 高亮度、 发光颜色随量子点尺寸连续可调、 可溶液法制备等优点在显示和照明领域具有较大的发展潜力。 基于 QLED制备的 显示面板覆盖色域广, 同时具有较高的色纯度, 然而 QLED的研究还处于实验室 阶段, 在器件结构和工艺上有很多亟待解决的问题, 其中载流子注入不平衡是 制约 QLED器件性能的主要原因之一, 这是因为常用的空穴传输层的最高电子占 有轨道 HOMO与常用量子点的价带之间具有较大的带阶 (空穴注入势垒), 由带阶 引起的能带不匹配很大程度上抑制了空穴的注入效率。
[0005] 因此, 相关技术还有待改进。
发明概述
技术问题
[0006] 本申请实施例的目的之一在于: 提供一种量子点发光二极管及其制备方法, 旨 在解决现有器件的载流子注入不平衡的技术问题。 问题的解决方案 技术解决方案
[0007] 为解决上述技术问题, 本申请实施例采用的技术方案是:
[0008] 第一方面, 提供了一种量子点发光二极管, 包括阳极、 阴极以及位于所述阳极 和所述阴极之间的量子点发光层, 所述阳极和所述量子点发光层之间设置由有 机分子组成的材料层, 所述有机分子含有吸电子基团。
[0009] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子含有的吸电子基团选自叔胺正离子、 硝基、 三 卤甲基、 氰基、 磺酸基、 甲酰基、 酰基和羧基中的至少一种。
[0010] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子还含有巯基。
[0011] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子选自硫醇, 所述硫醇选自 8 -硝基辛硫醇、 8 -氰 基辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇中的至少一种。
[0012] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子含有巯基, 且所述巯基和所述吸电子基团通过 共轭基团连接。
[0013] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子选自硫酚, 所述硫酚选自 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 3,5- 三氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯硫酚, 4 -三氟甲基苯硫酚, 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚, 4 -氰基苯硫酚 , 4 -磺酸基苯硫酚, 4 -甲酰基苯硫酚, 4 -酰基苯硫酚, 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲 基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚中的至少一种。
[0014] 在一个实施例中, 所述材料层的厚度为 5-15nm。
[0015] 在一个实施例中, 所述阴极与所述量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层。
[0016] 在一个实施例中, 所述电子功能层为电子传输层; 或者, 所述电子功能层包括 层叠设置的电子注入层和电子传输层, 且所述电子传输层与所述量子点发光二 极管相邻。
[0017] 在一个实施例中, 所述阳极与所述材料层之间设置有空穴功能层。
[0018] 在一个实施例中, 所述空穴功能层为空穴传输层; 或者, 所述空穴功能层包括 层叠设置的空穴注入层和空穴传输层, 且所述空穴传输层与所述材料层相邻。
[0019] 第二方面, 提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法, 包括如下步骤:
[0020] 提供基底;
[0021] 在所述基底上制备有机分子组成的材料层; 其中, 所述有机分子含有吸电子基 团。 [0022] 在一个实施例中, 在所述基底上制备有机分子组成的材料层的步骤包括:
[0023] 将所述有机分子溶解在溶剂中, 得到有机分子溶液;
[0024] 将所述有机分子溶液沉积在所述基底上, 然后退火处理, 得到所述材料层。
[0025] 在一个实施例中, 所述退火处理的温度为 80-120°C。
[0026] 在一个实施例中, 所述退火处理的时间为 10-20min。
[0027] 在一个实施例中, 所述溶剂选自乙醇、 丙酮、 丙醇和丁醇中的至少一种。
[0028] 在一个实施例中, 将所述有机分子溶液沉积在所述基底上, 依次进行真空干燥 处理和用溶剂进行清洗处理, 然后再进行所述退火处理, 得到所述材料层。
[0029] 在一个实施例中, 所述基底为阳极基底, 在所述基底上制备所述材料层后, 还 包括: 在所述材料层上制备量子点发光层, 在所述量子点发光层上制备电子传 输层, 在所述电子传输层上制备阴极; 或者,
[0030] 所述基底为阴极基底, 且所述基底表面设置有量子点发光层, 在所述量子点发 光层上制备所述材料层后, 还包括: 在所述材料层表面制备阳极。
[0031] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子为硫醇, 所述硫醇选自 8 -硝基辛硫醇、 8 -氰基 辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇中的至少一种。
[0032] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子为硫酚, 所述硫酚选自 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 3, 5 -三 氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯硫酚, 4 -三氟甲基苯硫酚, 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚, 4 -氰基苯硫酚,
4 -磺酸基苯硫酚, 4 -甲酰基苯硫酚, 4 -酰基苯硫酚, 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚中的至少一种。
[0033] 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管的有益效果在于: 该量子点发光二极管 中, 在阳极和量子点发光层之间设置有用于增加阳极表面功函数的材料层, 该 材料层由特有的有机分子, 即该有机分子含有吸电子基团, 该含有吸电子基团 的有机分子可以在阳极表面形成正偶极, 该正偶极可以抬高阳极材料表面的真 空能级, 从而增加阳极材料的表面功函数, 降低阳极到量子点材料的空穴注入 势垒, 从而提高器件的空穴注入效率, 使空穴跟电子的注入更平衡, 最终提高 器件的性能。
[0034] 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管的制备方法的有益效果在于: 该制备方 法工艺简单、 成本低, 直接在基底上制备由特有的有机分子组成的材料层就可 以得到该器件; 因该制备方法最终得到的器件中该材料层在阳极与量子点发光 层之间, 且是由含有吸电子基团有机分子制成材料层, 这样的有机分子能够增 加阳极材料的表面功函数, 降低阳极到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒, 从而提高 器件的空穴注入效率, 使空穴跟电子的注入更平衡, 最终提高器件的性能。 对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0035] 为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例或示范性技术 描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅 是本申请的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动 的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
[0036] 图 1为本申请一实施例的量子点发光二极管结构示意图;
[0037] 图 2为本申请一实施例的量子点发光二极管结构示意图;
[0038] 图 3为本申请一实施例的量子点发光二极管的制备方法流程图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0039] 为了使本申请的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图及实施例 , 对本申请进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以 解释本申请, 并不用于限定本申请。
[0040] 本申请一些实施例提供一种量子点发光二极管, 包括阳极、 阴极以及位于所述 阳极和所述阴极之间的量子点发光层, 所述阳极和所述量子点发光层之间设置 由有机分子组成的材料层, 所述有机分子含有吸电子基团。
[0041] 材料的表面功函数是由其表面的真空能级和内部的费米能级差决定的, 用公式 表示为:
[0042] 0 E Vac E F
[0043] 其中, 0为表面功函数,
Figure imgf000006_0001
表示真空能级, ^表示费米能级, 从上述公式 可以看出, 如要增加阳极材料表面功函数, 有两种途径: ( 1) 抬高真空能级 £ , (2) 降低费米能级 这两种途径取其一或者两种途径叠加在一起, 都能 增加阳极材料的表面功函数。 [0044] 因此, 在本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管中, 在阳极和量子点发光层之 间设置有用于增加阳极表面功函数的材料层, 该材料层由特有的有机分子, 即 该有机分子含有吸电子基团, 该含有吸电子基团的有机分子可以在阳极表面形 成正偶极, 该正偶极可以抬高阳极材料表面的真空能级, 从而增加阳极材料的 表面功函数, 降低阳极到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒, 从而提高器件的空穴注 入效率, 使空穴跟电子的注入更平衡, 最终提高器件的性能。
[0045] 在一个实施例中, 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管中, 所述有机分子含 有的吸电子基团选自叔胺正离子 (-N +R 3), 硝基 (-NO 2
), 三卤甲基如三氟甲基 (-CF 3), 三氯甲基 (-CC1 3), 氰基 (-CN), 磺酸基 (-S0 3H)
, 甲酰基 (-CHO), 酰基 (-COR), 羧基 (-COOH)等中的至少一种。 具体地, 吸电 子基团可以是一种, 如吸电子基团可以是叔胺正离子, 或者吸电子基团可以是 硝基, 或者吸电子基团可以是三卤甲基, 等等; 或者吸电子基团可以包括两种 , 如吸电子基团包括叔胺正离子和硝基, 或者吸电子基团包括硝基和三南甲基 , 或者吸电子基团包括羧基和三卤甲基, 等等; 或者吸电子基团可以包括三种 , 如吸电子基团可以包括硝基、 三南甲基和磺酸基, 等等。
[0046] 在一个实施例中, 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管中, 所述有机分子含 有还含有巯基, 巯基不仅可以作为配位基团与量子点结合, 而且当该有机分子 含有巯基时, 含有巯基的有机分子具有较高的离子化电势, 设置在阳极与量子 点发光层之间, 可以降低阳极材料的费米能级, 从而增加阳极材料的表面功函 数, 通过在该有机分子含有吸电子基团的基础上还含有巯基, 通过两者的叠加 作用, 增加阳极的表面功函数, 降低阳极到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒, 从而 提高器件的高空穴注入效率, 使器件的性能更佳。
[0047] 在一个实施例中, 所述有机分子选自硫醇, 所述硫醇选自 8 -硝基辛硫醇、 8 -氰 基辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇中的至少一种; 具体地, 硫醇可 以是一种, 如硫醇为 8 -硝基辛硫醇, 或硫醇为 8 -氰基辛硫醇, 或硫醇为 12 -硝基 十二硫醇, 等等; 或者硫醇可以包括两种, 如硫醇包括 8 -硝基辛硫醇和 8 -氰基辛 硫醇, 或者硫醇包括 8 -氰基辛硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇, 或者硫醇包括 12 -硝基十 二硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇, 等等; 或者硫醇可以包括三种, 如硫醇包括 8 -氰基 辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇, 等等。 或者, 所述有机分子含有 的巯基和吸电子基团通过共轭基团连接, 此时, 该有机分子为硫酚。
[0048] 具体地, 所述有机分子选自硫醇和硫酚中的至少一种, 该有机分子中含有巯基 , 巯基为量子点配体所用基团, 从而降低阳极到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒。 当为硫酚时, 所述硫酚选自 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯硫酚, 4 -三氟 甲基苯硫酚, 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚, 4 -氰基苯硫酚, 4 -磺酸基苯硫酚, 4 -甲酰基苯 硫酚, 4 -酰基苯硫酚, 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚中的至少一种 ; 具体地, 硫酚可以是一种, 如硫酚为 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 或硫酚为 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4- 硝基苯硫酚, 或硫酚为 4 -三氟甲基苯硫酚, 或硫酚为 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚, 等等; 或者硫酚可以包括两种, 如硫酚包括 4 -硝基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯硫酚 , 或者硫酚包括 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚和 4 -氰基苯硫酚, 或者硫酚包括 4 -羧基苯硫酚 和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚, 等等; 或者, 硫酚可以包括三种, 如硫酚包括 4- 酰基苯硫酚、 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚。
[0049] 在一个实施例中, 该有机分子为硫酷。
[0050] 在一个实施例中, 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管中, 所述材料层的厚 度为 5-15nm。
[0051] 在一个实施例中, 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管中, 所述阴极与所述 量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层, 所述电子功能层为电子传输层, 或者, 所述电子功能层包括层叠设置的电子注入层和电子传输层, 且所述电子传输层 与所述量子点发光二极管相邻, 如图 1所示。 在一实施例中, 所述阳极与所述材 料层之间设置有空穴功能层。 该所述空穴功能层为空穴传输层; 或者, 所述空 穴功能层包括层叠设置的空穴注入层和空穴传输层, 且所述空穴传输层与所述 材料层相邻, 如图 1所示。 如所述空穴功能层包括空穴传输层, 则该有机分子组 成的材料层设置在空穴传输层靠近量子点发光层的表面, 这样, 通过该材料层 的作用, 能够增加空穴传输层材料的表面功函数, 降低空穴传输层材料到量子 点材料的空穴注入势垒, 从而更有效地提高器件的空穴注入效率, 使空穴跟电 子的注入更平衡, 最终更好地提高器件的性能。
[0052] 在本申请实施例中的一种 QLED器件中, 如图 2所示, 其结构从下往上依次设置 衬底、 阳极、 空穴注入层、 空穴传输层、 含有巯基和吸电子基团的有机分子组 成的材料层、 量子点发光层、 电子传输层、 阴极。
[0053] 其中, 所述衬底为常用刚性衬底如玻璃, 常用柔性衬底如 PI膜等; 所述阳极为 常用的阳极材料, 如 ITO , IZO等; 所述空穴注入层 (HIL) 材料为常用的空穴 注入材料, 如 PEDOT:PSS, NiOx, W03等; 所述空穴传输层 (HTL) 材料为常 用的空穴传输材料, 如 TPD, poly-TPD , PVK, CBP, NPB , TCTA, TFB等; 所述量子点发光层为常用的量子点, 如 n-vi族化合物、 m-v族化合物、 n-v族化 合物、 m-vi族化合物、 iv- vi族化合物、 i-m-vi族化合物、 n-iv-vi族化合物或 iv 族单质中的一种或多种; 所述电子传输层材料 (ETL) 为常用的电子传输材料, 如 ZnO、 BaO、 110 2等; 所述阴极为常用的阴极材料, 如 Al, Ag, MgAg合金等
[0054] 另一方面, 本申请实施例还提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法, 如图 3 所示, 包括如下步骤:
[0055] S01: 提供基底;
[0056] S02: 在所述基底上制备有机分子组成的材料层; 其中, 所述有机分子含有吸 电子基团。
[0057] 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管的制备方法工艺简单、 成本低, 直接在 基底上制备由特有的有机分子组成的材料层就可以得到该器件; 因该制备方法 最终得到的器件中该材料层在阳极与量子点发光层之间, 且是由含有吸电子基 团有机分子制成的材料层, 这样的有机分子能够增加阳极材料的表面功函数, 降低阳极到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒, 从而提高器件的空穴注入效率, 使空 穴跟电子的注入更平衡, 最终提高器件的性能。
[0058] 具体地, 在上述步骤 S01中, 如果基底表面设置有阳极, 则基底为阳极基底, 直接在阳极上制备含有吸电子基团的有机分子组成的材料层, 后续在材料层上 制备量子点发光层、 再在量子点发光层上制备电子传输层, 最后在电子传输层 上制备阴极; 如果基底表面设置有量子点发光层, 则基底为阴极基底, 直接在 量子点发光层上制备含有吸电子基团的有机分子组成的材料层, 后续在材料层 表面制备阳极。 [0059] 当然, 对于阴极与量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层、 或者阳极与材料层之 间设置有空穴功能层的器件, 可以在上述结构层之间制备相关的电子功能层和 空穴功能层。
[0060] 具体地, 在上述步骤 S02中, 在所述基底上制备有机分子组成的材料层的步骤 包括:
[0061] E01: 将所述有机分子溶解在溶剂中, 得到有机分子溶液;
[0062] E02: 将所述有机分子溶液沉积在所述基底上, 然后退火处理, 得到所述材料 层。
[0063] 在一个实施例中, 该有机分子可以为硫醇或硫酚, 上文已经详细阐述, 当为硫 醇时, 所述硫醇选自 8 -硝基辛硫醇、 8 -氰基辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12 -氰基 十二硫醇中的至少一种; 具体地, 硫醇可以是一种, 如硫醇为 8 -硝基辛硫醇, 或 硫醇为 8 -氰基辛硫醇, 或硫醇为 12 -硝基十二硫醇, 等等; 或者硫醇可以包括两 种, 如硫醇包括 8 -硝基辛硫醇和 8 -氰基辛硫醇, 或者硫醇包括 8 -氰基辛硫醇和 12- 氰基十二硫醇, 或者硫醇包括 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇, 等等; 或者 硫醇可以包括三种, 如硫醇包括 8 -氰基辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12 -氰基十二 硫醇, 等等。 当为硫酚时, 所述硫酚选自 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯 硫酚, 4 -三氟甲基苯硫酚, 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚, 4 -氰基苯硫酚, 4 -磺酸基苯硫酚 , 4 -甲酰基苯硫酚, 4 -酰基苯硫酚, 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚 中的至少一种; 具体地, 硫酚可以是一种, 如硫酚为 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 或硫酚为 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯硫酚, 或硫酚为 4 -三氟甲基苯硫酚, 或硫酚为 4 -三氯甲基苯 硫酷, 等等; 或者硫酚可以包括两种, 如硫酚包括 4 -硝基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基- 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 或者硫酚包括 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚和 4 -氰基苯硫酚, 或者硫酚包括 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚, 等等; 或者, 硫酚可以包括三种, 如硫酚包括 4 -酰基苯硫酚、 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚。 在一个 实施例中, 该有机分子为硫酚。 溶剂为有机溶剂, 如乙醇、 丙酮、 丙醇、 丁醇 等。 所述溶剂选自乙醇、 丙酮、 丙醇和丁醇中的至少一种, 具体地, 溶剂可以 为一种, 如溶剂为乙醇, 或溶剂为丙酮, 或溶剂为丙醇, 等等; 或者溶剂可以 包括两种, 如溶剂包括乙醇和丙酮, 或者溶剂包括乙醇和丙醇, 等等; 或者溶 剂可以包括三种, 如溶剂包括乙醇、 丙醇和丁醇等等。
[0064] 在一个实施例中, 所述退火处理的温度为 80-120°C; 所述退火处理的时间为 10- 20min。 在该温度和时间范围内, 可更好地形成该材料层。
[0065] 在一个实施例中, 将所述有机分子溶液沉积在所述基底上, 依次进行真空干燥 处理和用溶剂进行清洗处理, 然后再进行所述退火处理, 得到所述材料层。 通 过真空干燥和溶剂清洗, 可以更好地去除材料层中未配位的有机分子。
[0066] 具体一实施例中, 将所述有机分子溶液沉积在所述基底上, 真空干燥成膜后, 100°C、 N 2气氛下退火 15min, 然后再用乙醇溶剂做旋涂处理, 来除去未配位的 有机分子, 如此反复用乙醇溶剂旋涂处理 3次后, 进行后续退火处理。
[0067] 本申请先后进行过多次试验, 现举一部分试验结果作为参考对申请进行进一步 详细描述, 下面结合具体实施例进行详细说明。
[0068] 实施例 1
[0069] 一种 QLED发光器件, 其结构示意图如图 2所示, 从下到上依次包括衬底, 设置 于衬底上的阳极, 设置于阳极上的空穴注入层, 设置于空穴注入层上的空穴传 输层, 设置于空穴传输层上由 4 -硝基苯硫酚组成的材料层, 设置于材料层上的量 子点发光层, 设置于量子点发光层上电子传输层, 设置于电子传输层上的阴极 , 设置于阳极与阴极间的封装层 (图未画出) 。
[0070] 其中,
[0071] 本实施例中衬底采用玻璃衬底;
[0072] 本实施例中阳极采用 ITO, 厚度为 150nm。 取出 ITO首先用氮气枪清楚表面的大 颗粒灰尘, 再依次用洗涤剂、 超纯水、 异丙醇超声清洗 15min, 最后用高纯氮气 枪快速吹干表面, 烘干待用;
[0073] 在阳极上制备的空穴注入层, 原则上常见的空穴注入材料都可以用到本实施例 中, 如 PEDOT:PSS, NiO , WO 3
等, 本实施例将水溶性的导电聚合物 PEDOT:PSS通过旋涂于阳极上, 真空干燥 成膜后, 150°C退火 15min, 厚度为 60nm;
[0074] 在空穴注入层上制备的空穴传输层, 原则上常见的空穴传输材料都可用到本实 施例中, 如 TPD, poly-TPD , PYK, CBP, NPB , TCTA, TFB等, 本实施例将 T FB溶液通过旋涂于空穴注入层上, 真空干燥成膜后, 230°C、 N 2
气氛下退火 30min, 厚度为 40nm;
[0075] 在空穴传输层上制备的材料层, 本实施例中材料层采用 4 -硝基苯硫酚乙醇溶液 制备, 通过将 4 -硝基苯硫酚乙醇溶液旋涂于空穴传输层上, 真空干燥成膜后, 10 0°C、 N 2气氛下退火 15min, 然后再用乙醇溶剂做旋涂处理, 来除去未配位的 4_ 硝基苯硫酚, 如此反复用乙醇溶剂旋涂处理 3次后, 再 100°C、 N 2
气氛下退火 15min, 修饰层厚度 10nm;
[0076] 在材料层上制备的量子点发光层, 原则上常见的量子点发光材料都可用到本实 施例中, 如 n- vi族化合物、 m-v族化合物、 n-v族化合物、 m-vi族化合物、 iv- vi族化合物、 i-m-vi族化合物、 n-iv- vi族化合物或 iv族单质中的一种或多种, 本实施例中采用 CdSe/CdS/ZnS红光量子点墨水旋涂于材料层上, 真空干燥成膜 后, 100°C N 2气氛下退火 lOmin, 厚度为 25nm;
[0077] 在量子点发光层上制备的电子传输层, 原则上常见的电子传输层材料都可用到 本实施例中, 如 ZnO、 BaO、 Ti02等, 本实施例采用 ZnO作为电子传输层材料, 通过将 ZnO溶液旋涂于量子点发光层上, 真空干燥成膜后, 120°C N 2
气氛下退火 15min, 厚度为 30nm;
[0078] 在电子传输层上制备的阴极, 原则上常见的阴极材料如低功函数金属或其合金 都可用在本实施例中, 如 Al, Ag, MgAg合金等, 本实施例将 A1通过蒸镀于电子 传输层上; 厚度为 150nm;
[0079] 在阳极与阴极间通过 UV框胶跟干燥片把各功能层封装起来得到完整的器件。
[0080] 本实施例提供一种应用于 HTL/QD薄膜界面修饰的方法, 通过在 HTL靠近 QD的 表面增加一层由 4 -硝基苯硫酚组成的材料层。 该 4 -硝基苯硫酚有机小分子含有两 种功能基团, 一种基团是量子点配体所用基团: 巯基 (跟苯环相接, 一般叫苯 硫酚) , 通过引入硫酚类官能团能使分子具有较高的离子化电势, 可以降低 HTL 材料的费米能级, 从而增加 HTL材料的表面功函数, 降低 HTL材料到量子点材料 的空穴注入势垒; 另一种基团是吸电子基团硝基 (-N0 2), 通过引入吸电子基团 可以在 HTL表面形成正偶极, 该正偶极可以抬高 HTL材料表面的真空能级, 从而 增加 HTL材料的表面功函数, 降低 HTL材料到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒。 本实 施例将两种基团合在一起, 把两种基团的作用叠加在一起, 能显著提高 HTL材料 表面的功函数, 降低 HTL材料到量子点材料的空穴注入势垒, 提高空穴注入效率 , 让空穴跟电子的注入倾向于电平衡, 使激子的复合效率大大提高, 从而提升 器件的性能。
[0081] 以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本申请。 对于本领域的技术 人员来说, 本申请可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本申请的精神和原则之内, 所 作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种量子点发光二极管, 包括阳极、 阴极以及位于所述阳极和所述阴 极之间的量子点发光层, 其特征在于, 所述阳极与所述量子点发光层 之间设置由有机分子组成的材料层, 所述有机分子含吸电子基团。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述有机分子 含有的吸电子基团选自叔胺正离子、 硝基、 三卤甲基、 氰基、 磺酸基 、 甲酰基、 酰基和羧基中的至少一种。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述有机分子 还含有疏基。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述有机分子 选自硫醇, 所述硫醇选自 8 -硝基辛硫醇、 8 -氰基辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二 硫醇和 12 -氰基十二硫醇中的至少一种。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述有机分子 含有巯基, 且所述巯基和所述吸电子基团通过共轭基团连接。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 5所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述有机分子 选自硫酚, 所述硫酚选自 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯硫酚 , 4 -三氟甲基苯硫酚, 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚, 4 -氰基苯硫酚, 4 -磺酸基 苯硫酚, 4 -甲酰基苯硫酚, 4 -酰基苯硫酚, 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲 基 -4 -羧基苯硫酚中的至少一种。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述材料层的 厚度为 5-15nm。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述阴极与所 述量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 8所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述电子功能 层为电子传输层; 或者, 所述电子功能层包括层叠设置的电子注入层 和电子传输层, 且所述电子传输层与所述量子点发光二极管相邻。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述阳极与所 述材料层之间设置有空穴功能层。
[权利要求 11] 如权利要求 10所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述空穴功能 层为空穴传输层; 或者, 所述空穴功能层包括层叠设置的空穴注入层 和空穴传输层, 且所述空穴传输层与所述材料层相邻。
[权利要求 12] 一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤: 提供基底;
在所述基底上制备有机分子组成的材料层; 其中, 所述有机分子含有 吸电子基团。
[权利要求 13] 如权利要求 12所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 在所述基底上制备有机 分子组成的材料层的步骤包括:
将所述有机分子溶解在溶剂中, 得到有机分子溶液;
将所述有机分子溶液沉积在所述基底上, 然后退火处理, 得到所述材 料层。
[权利要求 14] 如权利要求 13所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述退火处理的温度为
80-120°C。
[权利要求 15] 如权利要求 13所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述退火处理的时间为
10-20min。
[权利要求 16] 如权利要求 13所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述溶剂选自乙醇、 丙 酮、 丙醇和丁醇中的至少一种。
[权利要求 17] 如权利要求 13所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将所述有机分子溶液沉 积在所述基底上, 依次进行真空干燥处理和用溶剂进行清洗处理, 然 后再进行所述退火处理, 得到所述材料层。
[权利要求 18] 如权利要求 12所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述基底为阳极基底, 在所述基底上制备所述材料层后, 还包括: 在所述材料层上制备量子 点发光层, 在所述量子点发光层上制备电子传输层, 在所述电子传输 层上制备阴极; 或者,
所述基底为阴极基底, 且所述基底表面设置有量子点发光层, 在所述 量子点发光层上制备所述材料层后, 还包括: 在所述材料层表面制备 阳极。
[权利要求 19] 如权利要求 12所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述有机分子为硫醇, 所述硫醇选自 8 -硝基辛硫醇、 8 -氰基辛硫醇、 12 -硝基十二硫醇和 12- 氰基十二硫醇中的至少一种。
[权利要求 20] 如权利要求 12所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述有机分子为硫酚, 所述硫酚选自 4 -硝基苯硫酚, 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -硝基苯硫酚, 4 -三氟甲 基苯硫酚, 4 -三氯甲基苯硫酚, 4 -氰基苯硫酚, 4 -磺酸基苯硫酚, 4- 甲酰基苯硫酚, 4 -酰基苯硫酚, 4 -羧基苯硫酚和 3, 5 -三氟甲基 -4 -羧基 苯硫酚中的至少一种。
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CN112018254A (zh) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-01 河南工程学院 一种基于苯硫醇衍生物的量子点发光二极管及其制备方法
CN112018254B (zh) * 2020-09-04 2023-09-19 河南工程学院 一种基于苯硫醇衍生物的量子点发光二极管及其制备方法
CN113314678A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-27 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 量子点发光器件、其制作方法及显示装置
CN113314678B (zh) * 2021-05-28 2024-04-09 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 量子点发光器件、其制作方法及显示装置

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