WO2020119528A1 - 复合负极片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

复合负极片及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020119528A1
WO2020119528A1 PCT/CN2019/122748 CN2019122748W WO2020119528A1 WO 2020119528 A1 WO2020119528 A1 WO 2020119528A1 CN 2019122748 W CN2019122748 W CN 2019122748W WO 2020119528 A1 WO2020119528 A1 WO 2020119528A1
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Prior art keywords
film layer
thin film
solid electrolyte
negative electrode
metal foil
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PCT/CN2019/122748
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐永炳
闫家肖
蒋春磊
石磊
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深圳先进技术研究院
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Publication of WO2020119528A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020119528A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of battery anodes, and particularly relates to a composite anode sheet, a method for preparing the composite anode sheet, and an application of the composite anode sheet.
  • the current manufacturing cost of lithium-ion batteries is relatively high, and battery disposal will cause serious environmental problems.
  • power batteries for new energy vehicles have challenges of cost and cruising range.
  • the Tang Yongbing team invented a new high-energy density aluminum-graphite dual-ion battery technology, which can manufacture a new high-efficiency, low-cost energy storage battery.
  • This new battery adjusts the positive and negative electrodes of the traditional lithium-ion battery, and replaces lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, ternary or lithium iron phosphate that has been used in large quantities in lithium ion batteries with inexpensive and easily available graphite as the battery Positive electrode material; metal foil is used as the negative electrode material and negative electrode current collector of the battery at the same time; the electrolyte is composed of conventional lithium salts and carbonate organic solvents (for specific technical content of aluminum negative electrode protection in dual-ion batteries, see such as Tang Yongbing et al. Chinese invention patent, CN201711439546.7). The working principle of the battery is different from the traditional lithium ion battery.
  • the anion intercalation reaction occurs on the positive graphite, and the aluminum-lithium alloying reaction occurs on the aluminum negative electrode, and the discharge process is the opposite.
  • This new reaction mechanism not only significantly improves the operating voltage of the battery (3.8 V-4.6 V), but also greatly reduces the quality, volume and manufacturing cost of the battery, thereby comprehensively improving the energy density of the entire battery.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite negative electrode sheet and a secondary battery, aiming to solve the problem that the metal negative electrode is easily crushed and broken when the metal negative electrode of the existing dual ion battery metal-lithium alloying reaction occurs, resulting in a decrease in battery cycle performance The problem.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a composite negative electrode sheet including a metal foil serving as both a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material, a solid electrolyte film layer provided on one surface of the metal foil, and the solid state The electrolyte thin film layer is away from the diamond-like thin film layer provided on the surface of the metal foil.
  • the composite negative electrode sheet is composed of the metal foil, the solid electrolyte thin film layer and the diamond-like thin film layer, and the metal foil is a base, the solid electrolyte thin film layer is an intermediate layer, the class The diamond film layer is the outermost layer.
  • the metal foil is selected from one or more of aluminum foil, copper foil, iron foil, tin foil, silver foil, gold foil, platinum foil, zinc foil, lead foil, and nickel foil.
  • the solid electrolyte film layer is selected from one or more of lithium phosphine oxynitride layer, polyacrylonitrile layer, polyvinylidene fluoride layer, polyoxyethylene layer, polysiloxane layer, and sulfide electrolyte layer Species.
  • the thickness of the metal foil is 20-150 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the metal foil is 40-60 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the solid electrolyte thin film layer is 20-300 nm.
  • the thickness of the solid electrolyte thin film layer is 80-120 nm.
  • the layer thickness of the diamond-like thin film is 10-50 nm.
  • the layer thickness of the diamond-like thin film is 15-20 nm.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite negative electrode sheet, including the following steps:
  • a diamond-like thin film layer is deposited on the surface of the solid electrolyte thin film layer.
  • the solid electrolyte thin film layer is prepared by vapor deposition method.
  • the diamond-like thin film layer is prepared by a vapor deposition method.
  • the vapor deposition method includes magnetron sputtering method, vacuum evaporation method, arc plasma coating method, ion coating method, molecular beam epitaxy method, evaporation in gas method, chemical vapor reaction method, sputtering source method, flow Vacuum deposition method on oil surface, metal vapor synthesis method.
  • the metal foil is an aluminum foil
  • the solid electrolyte thin film layer is a lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer
  • the method for depositing the solid electrolyte thin film layer on the surface of the metal foil is: placing the washed metal foil in Nitrogen is introduced into the deposition chamber to adjust the pressure of the vacuum chamber to 0.2 ⁇ 1.3 Pa, turn on the solid electrolyte target, and control the target power of the solid electrolyte target to be 30-70W, and deposit the solid electrolyte thin film layer on the surface of the metal foil under the condition that the substrate bias is 100-300 V.
  • the distance between the lithium phosphate arc target and the aluminum foil is 5 cm to 15 cm.
  • nitrogen gas is introduced to adjust the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 50-400 sccm.
  • acetylene is used as the working gas, and the pressure in the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 0.5 ⁇ 1.0Pa, the ion source voltage is 50 ⁇ 100V, the substrate The bias voltage is 50 ⁇ 200V, and a diamond-like thin film layer is deposited on the surface of the solid electrolyte thin film layer.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is the composite aluminum negative electrode sheet of the present invention , Or the negative electrode is a composite aluminum negative electrode prepared by the method of the present invention.
  • the composite aluminum negative electrode sheet provided by the invention is provided with a solid electrolyte thin film layer and a diamond-like thin film layer on the surface of a metal foil which is simultaneously a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material.
  • a solid electrolyte thin film layer and a diamond-like thin film layer are sequentially provided on the surface of the metal foil that is simultaneously the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material.
  • the solid electrolyte layer has good lithium conductivity, which can improve the ion diffusion rate of the composite metal anode/electrolyte interface and improve the battery rate performance; and the solid electrolyte layer can effectively isolate the surface of the composite metal from the electrolyte.
  • the solid electrolyte layer can also provide effective mechanical protection for the composite metal anode, improve the powdering problem of the composite metal anode due to volume changes during the electrochemical reaction, Thereby effectively improving the battery cycle performance.
  • a diamond-like thin film layer is provided on the surface of the solid electrolyte thin film layer facing away from the metal foil, which can isolate the effect of water and oxygen infiltration on the solid electrolyte thin film layer through the diamond-like thin film layer, ensuring that the solid electrolyte thin film layer is fully utilized Its function; at the same time, the diamond-like thin film layer has the advantage of high hardness, so that under thinner conditions, the protection of the solid electrolyte thin film layer can be achieved, which in turn gives the composite aluminum negative electrode better self-will and avoids ion conductivity Impact.
  • the preparation method of the composite aluminum negative electrode sheet provided by the invention can realize the deposition of the solid electrolyte thin film layer and the diamond-like thin film layer on the metal foil by preparing the solid electrolyte thin film layer, and has good adhesion and the film layer is not easy to fall off.
  • the resulting composite aluminum negative electrode sheet can prevent the aluminum negative electrode sheet, that is, the metal foil, from falling off due to crushing and cracking, thereby ensuring the cycle performance of the battery.
  • the negative electrode is the above-mentioned composite aluminum negative electrode sheet. Since the negative electrode has good stability, the cycle performance of the secondary battery can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite negative electrode provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a magnetron sputtering coating equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between target power, deposition rate effect, and ion conductivity when a lithium phosphorous oxynitride layer is prepared by magnetron sputtering provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between target power, deposition rate effect, and ionic conductivity when a lithium phosphorous oxynitride layer is prepared by magnetron sputtering according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance between the lithium phosphate target and the aluminum foil and the ionic conductivity when the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer is prepared by magnetron sputtering according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Example 6 is a graph of the battery voltage and rate curve provided in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 7 is a graph of the battery rate performance provided by Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 8 is a battery cycle performance graph provided by Example 1 of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for description purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • the meaning of “plurality” is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite negative electrode sheet including a metal foil 10 serving as a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material, and a solid electrolyte film layer 20 provided on a surface of an aluminum foil 10, And the diamond-like thin film layer 30 provided on the surface of the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 facing away from the metal foil 10.
  • the composite negative electrode includes a three-layer structure. Specifically, it includes an aluminum foil 10, a laminated structure provided on one surface of the aluminum foil 10, the laminated structure includes a solid electrolyte film layer 20 directly bonded to the surface of the aluminum foil 10, and a The solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 faces away from the diamond-like thin film layer 30 on the surface of the aluminum foil 10.
  • the composite negative electrode sheet is composed of a metal foil 10, a solid electrolyte thin film layer 20, and a diamond-like thin film layer 30, and the metal foil 10 is a base, the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 is an intermediate layer, and a diamond-like thin film layer 30 is the outermost layer.
  • the metal foil 10 serves as both the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material, that is, when the metal foil 10 is used as the negative electrode of the battery, there is no need to form another negative electrode active material on the metal foil 10.
  • the metal foil 10 is selected from one or more of aluminum foil, copper foil, iron foil, tin foil, silver foil, gold foil, platinum foil, zinc foil, lead foil, and nickel foil.
  • the listed metal foils can be used as both the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material of the battery.
  • the thickness of the metal foil 10 is 20 microns to 150 microns, so as to meet its requirements as a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the metal foil 10 is 40 microns to 60 microns. In the most preferred embodiment, the thickness of the metal foil 10 is 50 microns.
  • the metal foil 10 especially aluminum foil
  • the negative electrode volume expansion occurs during alloying with lithium ions, resulting in powdering of the electrodes, which causes battery capacity attenuation and reduces battery cycle stability.
  • the solid electrolyte film layer 20 is formed on the metal foil 10 to cover the surface of the metal foil 10 to form a protective layer.
  • the solid electrolyte material has good lithium conductivity and can be used as a protective layer to seal the metal foil 10.
  • the solid electrolyte film layer is selected from one of a lithium phosphine oxynitride layer, a polyacrylonitrile layer, a polyvinylidene fluoride layer, a polyoxyethylene layer, a polysiloxane layer, and a sulfide electrolyte layer One or more.
  • the above-mentioned solid electrolyte thin film layer not only has good lithium conductivity, but also can effectively seal the metal foil 1 to prevent the metal negative electrode from crushing and breaking away.
  • the solid electrolyte thin film layer is a lithium phosphine oxynitride layer.
  • the lithium phosphorus oxynitride material itself has good lithium conductivity and does not affect the lithium ion conductivity during battery operation; meanwhile, the solid electrolyte film layer is used as a protective layer material to seal the metal foil 10, which can inhibit metal -Lithium alloying reaction, especially the powdering of the metal foil 10 during the volume expansion of the aluminum-lithium alloying reaction, to avoid crushing and rupture of the negative electrode and separation, improve the battery coulombic efficiency, reduce the irreversible capacity, and improve the cycle stability of the battery.
  • the thickness of the solid electrolyte film layer 20 is set so as to be able to seal the metal foil 10 to prevent the metal foil 10 serving as the negative electrode of the battery (at the same time as the negative electrode current collector and negative electrode active material) from being powdered If it is too thin, the protective effect of the metal foil 10 is small, and the above effect cannot be exerted. In spite of this, it is not that the thicker the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 is, the better.
  • the thickness of the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 is 20 nm to 300 nm.
  • the thickness of the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 is 80 nm to 120 nm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the thickness of the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 is 100 nm.
  • the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 is sensitive to water and oxygen. If the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 is formed directly on the surface of the metal foil 10, the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 will be destroyed in the presence of water and oxygen, and it cannot be used to prevent the metal foil 10 from being powdered. Effect. Based on this, a diamond-like thin film layer 30 needs to be provided on the surface of the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 facing away from the metal foil 10, and the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 can be protected by the diamond-like thin film layer 30 to block water and oxygen and prevent it from penetrating into the solid electrolyte film The layer 20 ensures that the solid electrolyte film layer 20 fully exerts its function.
  • diamond-like carbon has the advantage of high hardness, which can protect the solid electrolyte film layer 20 under ultra-thin conditions and give the composite electrode excellent toughness and strength.
  • the diamond-like carbon film layer 30 can be realized under thin conditions The above-mentioned effect avoids the influence of the excessively thick diamond-like thin film layer 30 (which is less than itself) on the conductive effect of the battery.
  • the thickness of the solid electrolyte film layer 20 is set so that it can effectively protect the solid electrolyte film layer 20 from water and oxygen penetration, and does not affect the battery conduction effect.
  • the thickness of the diamond-like thin film layer 30 is 10 nm to 50 nm. If the thickness of the diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 is too thin, water and oxygen cannot be effectively blocked, and thus the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 cannot fully ensure its function; if the thickness of the diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 is too thick, it will reduce the migration of lithium ions in the negative electrode The rate, even causing difficulty in lithium ion migration, affects the electrical performance of the battery.
  • the thickness of the diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 is too thick, and when it exceeds 50 nm, the bonding force of the diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 in the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 drops significantly, and it is easy to fall off the solid electrolyte thin film layer 20.
  • the thickness of the diamond-like thin film layer 30 is 15 nm to 20 nm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the thickness of the diamond-like thin film layer 30 is 15 nm.
  • the composite negative electrode sheet includes an aluminum foil serving as both a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material, a lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer provided on one surface of the aluminum foil, and The lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer is a diamond-like thin film layer disposed away from the surface of the aluminum foil.
  • the obtained composite negative electrode sheet has the best electrochemical performance.
  • the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer has good lithium conductivity and can be used as a battery material; and the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer has strong stability in the battery reaction system and can be used as a protective layer
  • the aluminum foil is sealed so that even when an aluminum-lithium alloying reaction occurs in the aluminum negative electrode, the aluminum negative electrode will not break apart and break away, thereby improving the rate performance and cycle performance of the battery.
  • the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer is sensitive to water and oxygen.
  • the diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 is provided on the surface of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer facing away from the aluminum foil, and the effect of water and oxygen penetration on the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer can be isolated by the diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 to ensure that the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer is sufficient
  • the diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 has the advantage of high hardness, so that under thinner conditions, the protection of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer can be achieved, which in turn gives the composite aluminum negative electrode better self-will, and avoids Effect on ion conductivity.
  • the thickness of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer is 50 nm to 150 nm
  • the thickness of the diamond-like carbon thin film layer is 10 nm to 40 nm
  • the thickness of the aluminum foil is 30 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer is 80 nm to 120 nm
  • the thickness of the diamond-like carbon thin film layer is 15 nm to 20 nm
  • the thickness of the metal foil is 40 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the thin film layer of the solid electrolyte thin film layer is 100 nm
  • the thickness of the diamond-like thin film layer 30 is 15 nm to 20 nm
  • the thickness of the aluminum foil is 50 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of each layer is appropriate, not only can form a layered protective barrier (solid electrolyte thin film layer lithium phosphorus oxide nitrogen film layer protects aluminum foil, diamond-like carbon thin film layer 30 protects the solid electrolyte film layer lithium phosphorus oxide nitrogen film layer), but also each layer Has a good binding force.
  • the thickness of the composite aluminum negative electrode that meets the above requirements has better lithium ion conduction effect.
  • a solid electrolyte thin film layer 20 and a diamond-like thin film layer 30 are sequentially provided on the surface of the metal foil 10 serving as both the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material.
  • the solid electrolyte layer 20 has good lithium conductivity, can improve the ion diffusion rate of the composite metal negative electrode/electrolyte interface, and improve the battery rate performance; and the solid electrolyte layer 20 can effectively isolate the surface of the composite metal from the electrolysis
  • the liquid contact reduces the side reaction process and improves the battery's coulombic efficiency; and the solid electrolyte layer 20 can also provide effective mechanical protection for the composite metal negative electrode and improve the powder of the composite metal negative electrode due to volume changes during the electrochemical reaction process Improve the battery cycle performance.
  • the composite aluminum negative electrode provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be prepared by the following method.
  • Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative electrode sheet, including the following steps:
  • Solid electrolyte target deposits a solid electrolyte thin film layer on the surface of the metal foil;
  • a diamond-like thin film layer is deposited on the surface of the solid electrolyte thin film layer.
  • the metal foil and its thickness are selected as described above.
  • the thickness of the metal foil is 20 micrometers to 150 micrometers, preferably, the thickness of the metal foil is 40 micrometers to 60 micrometers, and more preferably 50 micrometers.
  • the method for pretreating the metal foil is: sequentially using distilled water, acetone, and absolute ethanol to perform ultrasonic cleaning on the metal foil, to fully remove organic matter, especially oil stains on the surface of the metal foil, Then dry it.
  • the metal foil is placed in distilled water and ultrasonically cleaned for 5 to 30 minutes, and then the metal foil is placed in an acetone solution and ultrasonically cleaned for 5 to 30 min, then put the metal foil in absolute ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 5 ⁇ 30 min; after cleaning, dry the substrate surface with dry nitrogen, and finally put the sample into the blast drying oven 80 ⁇ Dry at 150°C.
  • glow cleaning is further performed.
  • pure argon gas is used to perform glow cleaning on the metal foil.
  • the equipment parameters Before the glow cleaning, adjust the equipment parameters. Specifically, fix the dried metal foil on the rotating frame in the magnetron sputtering coating equipment; close the vacuum chamber door, turn on the water cooler
  • the water path of the arc target, molecular pump, and vacuum chamber is connected, turn on the main power of the air compressor and the composite coating machine, and then turn on the mechanical pump, the side-pump valve, and the molecular pump to make the molecular pump enter the climbing state; when the molecular pump reaches full speed , Close the side pumping valve, open the coarse pumping valve, and perform rough pumping on the vacuum chamber; when the pressure in the vacuum chamber reaches below 10 Pa, open the side pumping valve again; when the pressure in the vacuum chamber reaches below 3 Pa, close the coarse pumping valve and turn on the high The valve pumps a high vacuum to the vacuum chamber.
  • the heating temperature is 100 ⁇ 500 °C, turn on the turret system during the heating process, so that the sample is autobiographical; when the vacuum degree When it reached 3.0 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa, glow cleaning was started.
  • the glow cleaning method is as follows: opening the main valve of the argon cylinder, the pressure reducing valve, the ion source valve, the arc valve and the target valve, and the mass flow meter, passing argon gas into the vacuum chamber to control the argon Air flow 300 ⁇ 500sccm, working pressure 1.0 ⁇ 1.7 Pa, metal foil bias -500 V ⁇ -800 V, glow cleaning the metal foil, cleaning time 10 ⁇ 30min.
  • Glow cleaning under the above conditions can quickly remove the moisture and gas hidden on the uneven surface of the metal foil, especially the scratches, to prevent the adhesion of the film layer when the solid electrolyte thin film layer is deposited by magnetron sputtering It is not enough to improve the bonding force of the film layer on the metal foil.
  • the metal foil is ion-etched and cleaned, and the metal foil is removed in a relatively gentle manner.
  • the uneven surface, especially the moisture and gas in the scratches are completely removed.
  • the ion etching and cleaning method is: after the etching and cleaning is completed, the ion source is turned on to perform ion bombardment cleaning on the sample, wherein the ion source voltage is 50 ⁇ 90 V, argon flow rate 70 ⁇ 500sccm, working pressure 0.5 ⁇ 1.7Pa, substrate bias 100 ⁇ 800V.
  • the ion source voltage is 50 ⁇ 90 V, argon flow rate 70 ⁇ 500sccm, working pressure 0.5 ⁇ 1.7Pa, substrate bias 100 ⁇ 800V.
  • the cleaning time of the ion bombardment cleaning is 10-30 minutes.
  • a solid electrolyte thin film layer is deposited on the surface of the metal foil.
  • the selection of the solid electrolyte thin film layer is as described above.
  • the solid electrolyte thin film layer may be prepared by a vapor deposition method.
  • the vapor deposition method includes magnetron sputtering method, vacuum evaporation method, arc plasma coating method, ion coating method, molecular beam epitaxy method, gas evaporation method, chemical vapor reaction method, sputtering source method, flowing oil Surface vacuum deposition method, metal vapor synthesis method.
  • the metal foil is an aluminum foil
  • the solid electrolyte thin film layer is a lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer
  • the method for depositing the solid electrolyte thin film layer on the surface of the metal foil is: washing the metal foil Place in the deposition chamber, pass nitrogen, adjust the vacuum chamber pressure to 0.2 ⁇ 1.3 Pa, turn on the solid electrolyte target, and control the target power of the solid electrolyte target to be 30-70W, and deposit the solid electrolyte thin film layer on the surface of the metal foil under the condition that the substrate bias is 100-300 V.
  • the preparation method of the composite negative electrode provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the magnetron sputtering method to prepare the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer on the surface of the aluminum foil metal foil, and then prepares the diamond-like carbon thin film layer on the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer.
  • This method can not only realize the deposition of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer on the aluminum foil by preparing the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer, but also give the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin film layer good adhesion on the aluminum foil surface, the film layer is not easy to fall off, and it can also Accurately control the thickness of the film layer to meet the requirements of battery pole pieces.
  • the resulting composite aluminum negative electrode sheet can prevent the aluminum negative electrode sheet, that is, the metal foil, from falling off due to crushing and cracking, thereby ensuring the cycle performance of the battery.
  • the cleaned aluminum foil is placed in the deposition chamber of the magnetron sputtering coating equipment.
  • the magnetron sputtering coating equipment is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Nitrogen was introduced into the deposition chamber, the vacuum chamber pressure was adjusted to 0.2 ⁇ 1.3 Pa, the lithium phosphate target was turned on, and the target power of the lithium phosphate target was controlled to 30 ⁇ 70W, under the condition of the substrate bias voltage of 100 ⁇ 300 V, Deposit a layer of lithium phosphorus oxynitride.
  • the substrate bias affects the binding force of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer on the aluminum foil.
  • the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer is deposited under the condition that the substrate bias voltage is 100-300 V. The obtained lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer has a good binding force on the aluminum foil.
  • the target current of the lithium phosphate target and the nitrogen flow rate jointly determine the quality of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer. If any of the target current or nitrogen flow rate changes, it may affect the ratio of lithium, phosphorus, oxygen, and nitrogen.
  • the flow rate of the nitrogen gas is 50-400 sccm.
  • the target power and the partial pressure of nitrogen are within the above range, the ratio of lithium, phosphorus, oxygen, and nitrogen is better controlled, and a faster deposition rate (such as Figure 3) and higher ionic conductivity (as shown in Figure 4 below).
  • the pressure of the vacuum chamber has a certain influence on the quality of the obtained lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the pressure of the vacuum chamber to 0.2 ⁇ 1.3 Pa, the crystal grain size of the obtained lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer is appropriate, and the binding force of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer on the surface of the aluminum foil is enhanced. If the pressure in the vacuum chamber is too high and the deposition speed is too fast, the resulting lithium phosphorus oxynitride material has a disordered lattice and irregular arrangement, which will affect the protection effect of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer on the aluminum foil. In addition, it will also reduce the lithium phosphorus oxynitride The bonding force of the layer on the aluminum foil. When the pressure in the vacuum chamber is low, it will affect the ionic conductivity.
  • nitrogen gas is introduced to adjust the pressure of the vacuum chamber to 0.6 ⁇ 0.8 Pa.
  • nitrogen gas was introduced to adjust the vacuum chamber pressure to 0.7 Pa.
  • the distance between the lithium phosphate target and the aluminum foil is 5 cm to 15 cm.
  • the ratio of lithium, phosphorus, oxygen, and nitrogen can be adjusted.
  • the distance between the lithium phosphate target and the aluminum foil is 5 cm to 15 cm, the resulting lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer has a higher ion conductivity (as shown in FIG. 5).
  • the distance between the lithium phosphate target and the aluminum foil is 7.5 cm.
  • the deposition time is 100-140 min, preferably but not limited to 120 min, thereby obtaining a lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer with an appropriate thickness.
  • the thickness of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer is 50 nm to 150 nm.
  • the thickness of the lithium phosphorus oxynitride layer is 80-120 nm, more preferably 100 nm.
  • step S03 in the step of depositing a diamond-like thin film layer on the surface of the solid electrolyte thin film layer, acetylene is used as the working gas, and the pressure in the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 0.5 ⁇ 1.0Pa, and the ion source voltage is 50 ⁇ 100V , The substrate bias voltage is 50 ⁇ 200V, and a diamond-like carbon thin film layer is deposited on the surface of the transition layer of the etched sample.
  • the vacuum chamber pressure, ion source voltage and substrate bias voltage jointly determine the quality of the diamond-like carbon thin film layer. If any of the vacuum chamber pressure, ion source voltage and substrate bias voltage becomes smaller, the deposition rate is too slow and the deposition time is too long; and if any of the vacuum chamber pressure, ion source voltage and substrate bias voltage If the term is too high, the deposition speed is too fast, and the formed grains are arranged irregularly, which will reduce the bonding force of the diamond-like thin film layer in the transition layer.
  • the pressure in the vacuum chamber, the voltage of the ion source and the bias voltage of the substrate are related to each other, and any change in the parameters may cause the deposition effect to change.
  • the parameter conditions of the transition layer provided in the embodiments of the present invention can enhance the bonding force of the obtained diamond-like thin film layer and form a dense and uniform coating layer.
  • the deposition time is 100 to 150 s, preferably but not limited to 2 min, thereby obtaining a diamond-like thin film layer with an appropriate thickness.
  • the thickness of the diamond-like thin film layer is 10 nm to 40 nm.
  • the thickness of the diamond-like thin film layer is 15 nm to 20 nm.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is the composite aluminum negative electrode according to the present invention
  • the negative electrode is a composite aluminum negative electrode prepared by the method of the present invention.
  • the negative electrode is the above composite negative electrode sheet. Since the negative electrode has good stability, the cycle performance of the secondary battery can be improved.
  • the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material is selected from at least one of expanded graphite, conductive graphite, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the electrolyte is selected from a solution of LiPF 6 in ethyl methyl carbonate. Specifically preferably, the electrolyte is selected from ethyl methyl carbonate solution with a LiPF 6 concentration of 4 mol/L
  • the separator is glass fiber.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate includes the following steps:
  • the aluminum foil into distilled water for ultrasonic cleaning, then put the aluminum foil into acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, and then put the aluminum foil into absolute ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning; after cleaning, use dry nitrogen to clean the substrate Dry the surface, and then put the sample into a blast drying oven at 80 ⁇ 150°C to dry it.
  • the equipment parameters specifically, fix the dried aluminum foil on the rotating frame in the magnetron sputtering coating equipment; close the vacuum chamber door, open the water cooler to turn the ion source, multi-arc
  • the water path of the target, molecular pump, and vacuum chamber is connected, turn on the main power of the air compressor and the composite coating machine, and then turn on the mechanical pump, the side pumping valve, and the molecular pump to make the molecular pump enter the climbing state; when the molecular pump reaches full speed, Close the side pumping valve, open the rough pumping valve to perform rough pumping on the vacuum chamber; when the pressure in the vacuum chamber reaches below 10 Pa, open the side pumping valve again; when the pressure in the vacuum chamber reaches below 3 Pa, close the rough pumping valve and open the high valve High vacuum is applied to the vacuum chamber.
  • the heating temperature is 100 ⁇ 500 °C, turn on the turret system during the heating process, so that the sample is autobiographical; when the vacuum degree When it reached 3.0 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa, glow cleaning was started.
  • the ion source is turned on to perform ion bombardment cleaning on the sample.
  • the ion source voltage is 50-90 V
  • the argon flow rate is 70-500 sccm
  • the working pressure is 0.5-1.7 Pa
  • the substrate bias voltage is 100-800 V.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the power of the lithium phosphine oxynitride layer is 50 W, the partial pressure of nitrogen is 0.5 Pa, the bias voltage is -150 V, and the time is 120 min.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the lithium phosphine oxide nitrogen power is 50 W, the nitrogen partial pressure is 0.5 Pa, the bias voltage is -200 V, and the time is 120 minutes.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the lithium phosphine oxide nitrogen power is 50 W, the nitrogen partial pressure is 0.5 Pa, the bias voltage is -250 V, and the time is 120 minutes.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the lithium phosphine oxide nitrogen power is 50W, the nitrogen partial pressure is 0.5 Pa, the bias voltage is -100 V, and the time is 60 minutes.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the lithium phosphine oxide nitrogen power is 50W, the nitrogen partial pressure is 0.5 Pa, the bias voltage is -100 V, and the time is 90 minutes.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the diamond-like carbon deposition time is 1 min.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the diamond-like carbon deposition time is 1.5 min.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the diamond-like carbon deposition time is 2.5 minutes.
  • a method for preparing a composite aluminum negative plate differs from Example 1 in that the diamond-like carbon deposition time is 3 minutes.
  • An aluminum negative plate is the same aluminum foil as the embodiment.
  • the composite aluminum negative electrode sheet provided in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Example 1 was used as the negative electrode of the battery, the expanded graphite was used as the positive electrode, and the ethyl methyl carbonate solution with a LiPF 6 concentration of 4 mol/L was used as the electrolyte to assemble the battery.
  • the electrochemical performance parameters, test indicators and test methods of the test battery are as follows:
  • Test index cycle performance
  • test method cycle number of 80% capacity retention rate at 2C rate
  • Test index rate performance
  • test method capacity retention rate after 10 cycles of each cycle at 1C ⁇ 5C ⁇ 1C rate
  • Example 1 The test results are shown in Table 1 below, wherein the battery voltage and rate curves of Example 1 are shown in FIG. 6, the battery rate vehicle performance curve is shown in FIG. 7, and the battery cycle performance is shown in FIG. 8.
  • Example 1 Test the battery Number of cycles Rate performance Example 1 430 98% Example 2 421 96% Example 3 425 97% Example 4 419 95% Example 5 308 90% Example 6 353 93% Example 7 200 71% Example 8 235 79% Example 9 304 82% Example 10 284 79% Comparative Example 1 200 50%

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种复合负极片，所述复合负极片包括同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的金属箔，设置在所述金属箔一表面的固态电解质薄膜层，以及在所述固态电解质薄膜层背离所述金属箔的表面设置的类金刚石薄膜层。所述固态电解质层具有较好的导锂性能，提高复合金属负极/电解液界面离子扩散速率，提高电池倍率性能；且所述固态电解质层在可以有效隔离复合金属表面与电解液的接触，减少副反应过程，提高电池库伦效率；且所述固态电解质层还可以对复合金属负极提供有效的机械保护作用，改善复合金属负极在电化学反应过程中因体积变化造成的粉化问题，从而有效提高电池循环性能。

Description

复合负极片及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于电池负极技术领域，尤其涉及一种复合负极片，一种复合负极片的制备方法，以及一种复合负极片的应用。
 背景技术
目前采用的锂离子电池制造成本较高，电池废弃会造成严重的环境问题。特别是新能源汽车用的动力电池都存在成本和续航里程的挑战。而唐永炳团队发明了一种新型高能量密度铝-石墨双离子电池技术，可制造全新的高效、低本储能电池。这种新型电池把传统锂离子电池的正负极进行了调整，用廉价且易得的石墨替代目前已批量应用于锂离子电池的钴酸锂、锰酸锂、三元或磷酸铁锂作为电池的正极材料；采用金属箔同时作为电池负极材料和负极集流体；电解液由常规锂盐和碳酸酯类有机溶剂组成（关于双离子电池中铝负极保护的具体技术内容，参见如唐永炳等人的中国发明专利，CN201711439546.7）。该电池工作原理有别于传统锂离子电池，充电过程中，正极石墨发生阴离子插层反应，而铝负极发生铝-锂合金化反应，放电过程则相反。这种新型反应机理不仅显著提高了电池的工作电压（3.8 V-4.6 V），同时大幅降低电池的质量、体积及制造成本，从而全面提升了全电池的能量密度。
然而，这种新型金属-石墨双离子电池在金属负极发生铝-锂合金化反应时，由于锂支晶的生长导致体积的膨胀，铝负极会粉碎破裂，使电池的循环性能大大降低。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种复合负极片，一种二次电池，旨在解决现有的双离子电池的金属负极发生金属-锂合金化反应时，金属负极容易粉碎破裂，导致电池循环性能降低的问题。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明第一方面提供一种复合负极片，所述复合负极片包括同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的金属箔，设置在所述金属箔一表面的固态电解质薄膜层，以及在所述固态电解质薄膜层背离所述金属箔的表面设置的类金刚石薄膜层。。
优选的，所述复合负极片由所述金属箔、所述固态电解质薄膜层和所述类金刚石薄膜层组成，且所述金属箔为基底、所述固态电解质薄膜层为中间层、所述类金刚石薄膜层为最外层。
优选的，所述金属箔选自铝箔、铜箔、铁箔、锡箔、银箔、金箔、铂箔、锌箔、铅箔、镍箔中的一种或者多种。
优选的，所述固态电解质薄膜层选自锂膦氧氮层、聚丙烯腈层、聚偏二氟乙烯层、聚氧乙烯层、聚硅氧烷层、硫化物电解质层中的一种或者多种。
优选的，所述金属箔的厚度为20~150μm。
优选的，所述金属箔的厚度为40~60μm。
优选的，所述固态电解质薄膜层的厚度为20~300nm。
优选的，所述固态电解质薄膜层的厚度为80~120nm。
优选的，所述类金刚石薄膜的层厚度为10~50nm。
优选的，所述类金刚石薄膜的层厚度为15~20nm。
本发明第二方面提供一种复合负极片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
提供金属箔，对所述金属箔依次进行预处理、辉光清洗和离子刻蚀清洗；
在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层；
在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层。
优选的，所述固态电解质薄膜层采用气相沉积法制备。
优选的，所述类金刚石薄膜层采用气相沉积法制备。
优选的，所述气相沉积法包括磁控溅射法、真空蒸镀法、电弧等离子镀膜法、离子镀膜法、分子束外延法、气体中蒸发法、化学气相反应法、溅射源法、流动油面上真空沉积法、金属蒸汽合成法。
优选的，所述金属箔为铝箔，所述固态电解质薄膜层为锂磷氧氮薄膜层，且在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层的方法为：将经清洗后的金属箔置于沉积室中，通入氮气，调节真空室压强为0.2~1.3 Pa，开启固态电解质靶，且控制所述固态电解质靶的靶功率为30~70W，在基底偏压为100~300 V的条件下，在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层。
优选的，在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层的步骤中，所述磷酸锂电弧靶与所述铝箔之间的距离为5厘米~15厘米。
优选的，在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层的步骤中，通入氮气，调节所述氮气的流量为50~400 sccm。
优选的，在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层的步骤中，以乙炔作为工作气体，且调节所述真空室内的压强为0.5~1.0Pa，离子源电压为50~100V，基底偏压为50~200V，在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层。
 有益效果
本发明第三方面提供一种二次电池，包括正极、负极，设置在所述正极和所述负极之间的隔膜，以及电解液，其中，所述负极为本发明所述的复合铝负极片，或所述负极为本发明所述的方法制备得到的复合铝负极片。
本发明提供的复合铝负极片，在同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的金属箔表面依次设置固态电解质薄膜层和类金刚石薄膜层。其中，复合负极片，在同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的金属箔表面依次设置固态电解质薄膜层和类金刚石薄膜层。其中，所述固态电解质层具有较好的导锂性能，能够提高复合金属负极/电解液界面离子扩散速率，提高电池倍率性能；且所述固态电解质层在可以有效隔离复合金属表面与电解液的接触，减少副反应过程，提高电池库伦效率；且所述固态电解质层还可以对复合金属负极提供有效的机械保护作用，改善复合金属负极在电化学反应过程中因体积变化造成的粉化问题，从而有效提高电池循环性能。基于此，在所述固态电解质薄膜层背离所述金属箔的表面设置类金刚石薄膜层，可以通过类金刚石薄膜层隔绝水氧渗入对固态电解质薄膜层的影响，确保所述固态电解质薄膜层充分发挥其功能；同时，类金刚石薄膜层具有高硬度的优点，从而在较薄的条件下，可以实现对固态电解质薄膜层的保护，进而赋予复合铝负极片较好的任性，且避免对离子电导率的影响。
本发明提供的复合铝负极片的制备方法，通过制备固态电解质薄膜层，可以实现固态电解质薄膜层、类金刚石薄膜层在金属箔上的沉积，且具有较好的附着力，膜层不易脱落。最终得到的复合铝负极片，可以防止铝负极片即金属箔因粉碎破裂导致的脱落，进而保证电池的循环性能。
本发明提供的二次电池，负极为上述复合铝负极片，由于所述负极具有较好的稳定性，因此，可以提高二次电池的循环性能。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的复合负极片的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的磁控溅射镀膜设备示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的磁控溅射制备锂磷氧氮层时，靶功率与沉积速率效果、离子电导率之间的关系图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的磁控溅射制备锂磷氧氮层时，靶功率与沉积速率效果、离子电导率之间的关系图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的磁控溅射制备锂磷氧氮层时，磷酸锂靶与所述铝箔之间的距离与离子电导率之间的关系图；
图6是本发明实施例1提供的电池电压与倍率曲线图；
图7是本发明实施例1提供的电池倍率性能曲线图；
图8是本发明实施例1提供的电池循环性能图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
结合图1，本发明实施例一方面提供一种复合负极片，所述复合负极片包括同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的金属箔10，设置在铝箔10一表面的固态电解质薄膜层20，以及设置在固态电解质薄膜层20背离金属箔10的表面的类金刚石薄膜层30。
所述复合负极片包括三层结构，具体的，包括铝箔10，设置在铝箔10一表面的叠层结构，所述叠层结构包括直接结合在铝箔10表面的固态电解质薄膜层20，以及设置在固态电解质薄膜层20背离铝箔10的表面的类金刚石薄膜层30。作为一个具体优选实施例，所述复合负极片由金属箔10、固态电解质薄膜层20和类金刚石薄膜层30组成，且金属箔10为基底、固态电解质薄膜层20为中间层、类金刚石薄膜层30为最外层。
下面对各层进行详细描述。
金属箔10
本发明实施例中，金属箔10同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料，即所述金属箔10作为电池负极时，不需要在金属箔10上再形成其他负极活性材料。
在一些实施例中，金属箔10选自铝箔、铜箔、铁箔、锡箔、银箔、金箔、铂箔、锌箔、铅箔、镍箔中的一种或者多种。列举的金属箔均能同时作为电池的负极集流体和负极活性材料使用。
金属箔10的厚度为20微米~150微米，从而满足其同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的要求。在优选实施例中，金属箔10的厚度为40微米~60微米。最为最优选实施例，金属箔10的厚度为50微米。
固态电解质薄膜层20
金属箔10特别是铝箔作为负极时，在与锂离子合金化的过程中发生体积膨胀，造成电极粉化引起电池容量衰减，降低电池循环稳定性。本发明实施例将固态电解质薄膜层20形成于金属箔10上，覆盖金属箔10表面，形成保护层。固态电解质材料具有较好的导锂性能，且能作为保护层将所述金属箔10进行封固。
在一些实施例中，所述固态电解质薄膜层选自锂膦氧氮层、聚丙烯腈层、聚偏二氟乙烯层、聚氧乙烯层、聚硅氧烷层、硫化物电解质层中的一种或者多种。上述固态电解质薄膜层不仅具有较好的导锂性能，而且能够有效封固金属箔1，避免金属负极粉碎破裂而脱离。
作为具体优选实施例，所述固态电解质薄膜层为锂膦氧氮层。锂磷氧氮材料本身具有较好的导锂性能，不会影响电池工作时的锂离子的导电率；同时，固态电解质薄膜层作为保护层材料将所述金属箔10进行封固，能抑制金属-锂合金化反应特别是铝-锂合金化反应时金属箔10体积膨胀过程中的粉化，避免负极粉碎破裂而脱离，提高电池库伦效率，减少不可逆容量，提高电池的循环稳定性。本发明实施例中，固态电解质薄膜层20的厚度设置，以能够将所述金属箔10进行封固，防止作为电池负极（同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料）的金属箔10粉化为宜，太薄则对则金属箔10的保护作用小，不能发挥上述效果。但尽管如此，也并非固态电解质薄膜层20的厚度越厚越好。优选的，固态电解质薄膜层20的厚度为20nm~300nm。若固态电解质薄膜层20过厚，则固态电解质和金属之间物质属性差异，两者结合力变差，固态电解质薄膜层20容易从金属箔10上脱落，进而不能发挥防止金属箔10粉化的效果。进一步优选的，所述固态电解质薄膜层20的厚度为80nm~120nm。在具体优选实施例中，固态电解质薄膜层20的厚度为100nm。
类金刚石薄膜层30
固态电解质薄膜层20对水氧敏感，若直接在金属箔10表面形成固态电解质薄膜层20，则在存在水氧的条件下，固态电解质薄膜层20会受到破坏，不能发挥防止金属箔10粉化的效果。基于此，需要在固态电解质薄膜层20背离所述金属箔10的表面设置类金刚石薄膜层30，可以通过类金刚石薄膜层30来保护固态电解质薄膜层20，隔绝水氧，防止其渗入固态电解质薄膜层20，确保固态电解质薄膜层20充分发挥其功能。同时，类金刚石具有高硬度的优点，能够在超薄的条件下保护固态电解质薄膜层20，并赋予复合电极优异的韧性和强度，此外，由于类金刚石薄膜层30在较薄的条件下可以实现上述效果，避免过厚的类金刚石薄膜层30（本身不到点）对电池导电效果的影响。
本发明实施例中，固态电解质薄膜层20的厚度设置，在能够有效保护固态电解质薄膜层20免受水氧渗透、且不影响电池导电效果即可。优选的，类金刚石薄膜层30的厚度为10nm~50nm。若类金刚石薄膜层30的厚度过薄，则不能有效隔绝水氧，进而不能确保固态电解质薄膜层20充分发挥其功能；若类金刚石薄膜层30的厚度过厚，会降低锂离子在负极的迁移率，甚至造成锂离子迁移困难，影响电池的电学性能。此外，类金刚石薄膜层30的厚度过厚，超过50nm后，类金刚石薄膜层30在固态电解质薄膜层20的结合力下降明显，容易从固态电解质薄膜层20脱落。进一步优选的，类金刚石薄膜层30的厚度为15nm~20nm。在具体优选实施例中，类金刚石薄膜层30的厚度为15nm。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为较佳实施例，复合负极片中，包括同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的铝箔，设置在所述铝箔一表面的锂磷氧氮薄膜层，以及在所述锂磷氧氮薄膜层背离所述铝箔的表面设置的类金刚石薄膜层。此时，得到的复合负极片具有最佳的电化学性能。其中，所述锂磷氧氮薄膜层具有较好的导锂性能，能够用作电池材料；且所述锂磷氧氮薄膜层在电池反应体系中的稳定性强，能够作为保护层将所述铝箔进行封固，使得即便在铝负极发生铝-锂合金化反应时，铝负极也不会粉碎破裂而脱离，从而提高电池的倍率性能和循环性能。但是，锂磷氧氮薄膜层对水氧敏感。基于此，在锂磷氧氮薄膜层背离铝箔的表面设置类金刚石薄膜层30，可以通过类金刚石薄膜层30隔绝水氧渗入对锂磷氧氮薄膜层的影响，确保锂磷氧氮薄膜层充分发挥其功能；同时，类金刚石薄膜层30具有高硬度的优点，从而在较薄的条件下，可以实现对锂磷氧氮薄膜层的保护，进而赋予复合铝负极片较好的任性，且避免对离子电导率的影响。
优选的，所述锂磷氧氮薄膜层的厚度为50nm~150nm，所述类金刚石薄膜层的厚度为10nm~40nm，所述铝箔的厚度为30μm~90μm。
更优选的，所述锂磷氧氮薄膜层的厚度为80nm~120nm，所述类金刚石薄膜层的厚度为15nm~20nm，所述金属箔的厚度为40μm~60μm。
进一步优选的，固态电解质薄膜层薄膜层的厚度为100nm，类金刚石薄膜层30的厚度为15nm~20nm，铝箔的厚度为50微米。此时，各层厚度合适，不仅能够形成层层保护屏障（固态电解质薄膜层锂磷氧氮薄膜层保护铝箔，类金刚石薄膜层30保护固态电解质薄膜层锂磷氧氮薄膜层），而且各层之间具有较好的结合力。此外，厚度满足上述要求的复合铝负极片，具有更佳的锂离子导通效果。
本发明实施例提供的复合铝负极片，在同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的金属箔10表面依次设置固态电解质薄膜层20和类金刚石薄膜层30。其中，所述固态电解质层20具有较好的导锂性能，能够提高复合金属负极/电解液界面离子扩散速率，提高电池倍率性能；且所述固态电解质层20在可以有效隔离复合金属表面与电解液的接触，减少副反应过程，提高电池库伦效率；且所述固态电解质层20还可以对复合金属负极提供有效的机械保护作用，改善复合金属负极在电化学反应过程中因体积变化造成的粉化问题，从而有效提高电池循环性能。
本发明实施例提供的复合铝负极片，可以通过下述方法制备获得。
本发明实施例另一方面提供一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S01. 提供金属箔，对所述金属箔依次进行预处理、辉光清洗和离子刻蚀清洗；
S02. 固态电解质靶固态电解质靶在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层；
S03. 在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层。
具体的，上述步骤S01中，所述金属箔及其厚度选择如前文所述。如所述金属箔的厚度为20微米~150微米，优选的，所述金属箔的厚度为40微米~60微米，更优选为50微米。
对提供的金属箔依次进行预处理、辉光清洗和离子刻蚀清洗，通过预处理去除金属箔表面的有机物，特别是油渍；通过辉光清洗和离子刻蚀清洗去除基板表面不平整处如刮痕中残留的水分、气体等，从而为提高涂层的附着效果。通过逐步清洗，达到最佳的清洗效果，涂层在清洗后的金属箔上具有最好的结合力。
在一些实施例中，对所述金属箔进行预处理的方法为：依次使用蒸馏水、丙酮、无水乙醇对所述金属箔进行超声清洗，将所述金属箔表面的有机物特别是油渍充分去除，然后干燥烘干。
在具体实施例中，将所述金属箔放入蒸馏水中超声清洗5~30 min，再将所述金属箔放入丙酮溶液中超声清洗5~30 min，之后再将所述金属箔放入无水乙醇溶液中超声清洗5~30 min；清洗结束后，用干燥氮气将衬底表面吹干，最后再将样品放入鼓风干燥箱中80~150℃烘干。
将所述金属箔进行预处理后，进一步进行辉光清洗。在一些实施例中，采用纯氩气对所述金属箔进行辉光清洗。
在进行辉光清洗之前，调整设备参数，具体的，将烘干后的所述金属箔固定在磁控溅射镀膜设备中的转架上；关闭真空室门，打开水冷机将离子源、多弧靶、分子泵、真空腔室的水路接通，打开空压机和复合镀膜机总电源，然后开启机械泵和旁抽阀以及分子泵，使分子泵进入爬升状态；当分子泵达到全速以后，关闭旁抽阀，打开粗抽阀，对真空室进行粗抽；当真空室内压强达到10 Pa以下后，再次打开旁抽阀；当真空室压强达到3Pa以下后，关闭粗抽阀，开启高阀对真空室抽高真空。当真空室压强抽到5.0×10 -3 Pa以后，打开加热电源对真空室进行加热烘烤，加热温度为100~500℃，加热过程中开启转架系统，使样品进行公自传；当真空度达到3.0×10 -3 Pa时，开始进行辉光清洗。
在具体实施例中，所述辉光清洗的方法为：打开氩气瓶主阀、减压阀、离子源阀、弧阀和靶阀以及质量流量计，向真空室内通入氩气，控制氩气流量300~500sccm，工作压强为1.0~1.7 Pa，金属箔偏压-500 V~-800 V，对金属箔进行辉光清洗，清洗时间10~30min。在上述条件下进行辉光清洗，可以将藏留在所述金属箔不平整表面特别是刮痕中的水分、气体快速清除，防止后续通过磁控溅射沉积固态电解质薄膜层时膜层附着力不够，提高膜层在所述金属箔上的结合力。
为了进一步保证所述金属箔不平整表面特别是刮痕中的水分、气体被充分去除，在辉光清洗结束后，对所述金属箔进行离子刻蚀清洗，通过相对柔和的方式，将金属箔不平整表面特别是刮痕中的水分、气体完全去除。
在一些具体实施例中，所述离子刻蚀清洗的方法为：刻蚀清洗结束后，开启离子源对样品进行离子轰击清洗，其中，离子源电压为50~90 V，氩气流量70~500sccm，工作压强0.5~1.7Pa，基底偏压为100~800 V。在上述条件下，可以将辉光清洗过程中没有去除的水分和气体完全去除。优选的，所述离子轰击清洗的清洗时间为10~30min。
本发明实施例通过对所述金属箔依次进行预处理、辉光清洗和离子刻蚀清洗，可以逐级、不同力度地去除所述金属箔表面的各种附着物，提高涂层在所述金属箔表面的附着力；同时，按照该方法对所述金属箔进行表面清洁，还具有很好的时效性。
上述步骤S02中，在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层，所述固态电解质薄膜层的选择如上所述，所述固态电解质薄膜层可以采用气相沉积法制备。其中，所述气相沉积法包括磁控溅射法、真空蒸镀法、电弧等离子镀膜法、离子镀膜法、分子束外延法、气体中蒸发法、化学气相反应法、溅射源法、流动油面上真空沉积法、金属蒸汽合成法。
作为优选实施例，所述金属箔为铝箔，所述固态电解质薄膜层为锂磷氧氮薄膜层，且在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层的方法为：将经清洗后的金属箔置于沉积室中，通入氮气，调节真空室压强为0.2~1.3 Pa，开启固态电解质靶，且控制所述固态电解质靶的靶功率为30~70W，在基底偏压为100~300 V的条件下，在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层。
本发明实施例提供的复合负极片的制备方法，采用磁控溅射方式，在铝箔金属箔表面制备锂磷氧氮薄膜层，进而在锂磷氧氮薄膜层制备类金刚石薄膜层。该方法通过制备锂磷氧氮薄膜层，不仅可以实现锂磷氧氮薄膜层在铝箔上的沉积，并赋予锂磷氧氮薄膜层在铝箔表面良好的结合力，膜层不易脱落，而且还能够精确控制膜层厚度，满足电池极片的使用要求。最终得到的复合铝负极片，可以防止铝负极片即金属箔因粉碎破裂导致的脱落，进而保证电池的循环性能。
本发明实施例中，将经清洗后的铝箔置于磁控溅射镀膜设备的沉积室中。所述磁控溅射镀膜设备如图2所示。沉积室中通入氮气，调节真空室压强为0.2~1.3 Pa，开启磷酸锂靶，且控制所述磷酸锂靶的靶功率为30~70W，在基底偏压为100~300 V的条件下，沉积锂磷氧氮层。
制备锂磷氧氮层的步骤中，基底偏压影响锂磷氧氮层在铝箔上的结合力，本发明实施例在基底偏压为100~300 V的条件下，沉积锂磷氧氮层，得到的锂磷氧氮层在铝箔上的结合力较好。
制备锂磷氧氮层的步骤中，所述磷酸锂靶的靶电流和氮气流量，共同决定了锂磷氧氮层的质量。若所述靶电流、氮气流量中的任意一项发生变化，都可能影响锂、磷、氧、氮的配比。优选的，在所述铝箔的表面沉积锂磷氧氮层的步骤中，所述氮气的流量为50~400sccm。本发明实施例提供的锂磷氧氮层的方法，所述靶功率和氮气分压在上述范围内，更好的控制锂、磷、氧、氮的配比，得到较快的沉积速率（如图3所示）及较高的离子电导率（如下图4所示）。此外，制备锂磷氧氮层的步骤中，真空室的压强对得到锂磷氧氮层的质量有一定影响。本发明实施例调节真空室压强为0.2~1.3 Pa，得到的的锂磷氧氮层中晶粒大小合适，锂磷氧氮层在所述铝箔表面的结合力增强。而若真空室压强过高，沉积速度过快，得到的锂磷氧氮材料晶格混乱、排列不规整，会影响锂磷氧氮层对铝箔的保护效果，此外，还会降低锂磷氧氮层在所述铝箔的结合力。真空室压强偏低时，会影响离子导电率。优选的，在所述铝箔的表面沉积锂磷氧氮层的步骤中，通入氮气，调节真空室压强为0.6~0.8 Pa。作为具体实施例，通入氮气，调节真空室压强为0.7 Pa。
在一些实施例中，在所述铝箔的表面沉积锂磷氧氮层的步骤中，所述磷酸锂靶与所述铝箔之间的距离为5厘米~15厘米。通过调节磷酸锂靶与所述铝箔在合适的距离范围内，可以调节锂、磷、氧、氮的配比。当所述磷酸锂靶与所述铝箔之间的距离为5厘米~15厘米时，得到的锂磷氧氮层具有较高的离子电导率（如图5所示）。优选的，所述磷酸锂靶与所述铝箔之间的距离为7.5 cm。
本发明实施例中，在所述铝箔的表面沉积锂磷氧氮层的步骤中，沉积时间为100-140min，优选但不限于120min，由此获得合适厚度的锂磷氧氮层。具体的，所述锂磷氧氮层的厚度为50nm~150nm。优选的，所述锂磷氧氮层的厚度为80~120nm，更优选为100nm。
上述步骤S03中，在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层的步骤中，以乙炔作为工作气体，且调节所述真空室内的压强为0.5~1.0Pa，离子源电压为50~100V，基底偏压为50~200V，在所述刻蚀样品的过渡层表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层。
制备类金刚石薄膜层的步骤中，所述真空室压强、离子源电压和基底偏压，共同决定了类金刚石薄膜层的质量。若所述真空室压强、离子源电压和基底偏压中的任意一项变小，则沉积速率过慢，沉积时间过长；而若真空室压强、离子源电压和基底偏压中的任意一项过高，沉积速度过快，形成的晶粒排列不规整，从而会降低类金刚石薄膜层在所述过渡层的结合力。且所述真空室压强、离子源电压和基底偏压之间相互关联，任意参数的变动，都可能导致沉积效果发生变化。本发明实施例提供的过渡层的参数条件，可以使得得到的类金刚石薄膜层的结合力增强，且形成的涂层致密均匀。
涂层沉积结束后，关闭离子源电源以及偏压电源，然后关闭气体质量流量计和气瓶主阀和减压阀；设置降温程序，待温度降到100℃以下后，关闭高阀，打开放气阀，待真空室内压强与外界气压一致时，打开真空室门，然后将样品取出。
本发明实施例中，在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层的步骤中，沉积时间为100~150s，优选但不限于2min，由此获得合适厚度的类金刚石薄膜层。具体的，所述类金刚石薄膜层的厚度为10nm~40nm。优选的，所述类金刚石薄膜层的厚度为15nm~20nm。
本发明实施例还提供了一种二次电池，包括正极、负极，设置在所述正极和所述负极之间的隔膜，以及电解液，其中，所述负极为本发明所述的复合铝负极片，或所述负极为本发明所述的方法制备得到的复合铝负极片。
本发明提供的二次电池，负极为上述复合负极片，由于所述负极具有较好的稳定性，因此，可以提高二次电池的循环性能。
优选的，所述正极包括正极活性材料，所述正极活性材料选自膨胀石墨、导电石墨和聚偏氟乙烯中的至少一种。
优选的，所述电解液选自LiPF 6的碳酸甲乙酯溶液。具体优选的，所述电解液选自LiPF 6浓度为4mol/L的碳酸甲乙酯溶液
优选的，所述隔膜为玻璃纤维。
下面结合具体实施例进行说明。
实施例1
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S11. 提供铝箔，对所述铝箔依次进行预处理、辉光清洗和离子刻蚀清洗；具体的：
将所述铝箔放入蒸馏水中超声清洗，再将所述铝箔放入丙酮溶液中超声清洗，之后再将所述铝箔放入无水乙醇溶液中超声清洗；清洗结束后，用干燥氮气将衬底表面吹干，最后再将样品放入鼓风干燥箱中80~150℃烘干。在进行辉光清洗之前，调整设备参数，具体的，将烘干后的所述铝箔固定在磁控溅射镀膜设备中的转架上；关闭真空室门，打开水冷机将离子源、多弧靶、分子泵、真空腔室的水路接通，打开空压机和复合镀膜机总电源，然后开启机械泵和旁抽阀以及分子泵，使分子泵进入爬升状态；当分子泵达到全速以后，关闭旁抽阀，打开粗抽阀，对真空室进行粗抽；当真空室内压强达到10 Pa以下后，再次打开旁抽阀；当真空室压强达到3Pa以下后，关闭粗抽阀，开启高阀对真空室抽高真空。当真空室压强抽到5.0×10 -3 Pa以后，打开加热电源对真空室进行加热烘烤，加热温度为100~500℃，加热过程中开启转架系统，使样品进行公自传；当真空度达到3.0×10 -3 Pa时，开始进行辉光清洗。
打开氩气瓶主阀、减压阀、离子源阀、弧阀和靶阀以及质量流量计，向真空室内通入氩气，控制氩气流量300~500sccm，工作压强为1.0~1.7 Pa，基底偏压-500 V~-800V，对基底进行辉光清洗。
刻蚀清洗结束后，开启离子源对样品进行离子轰击清洗，其中，离子源电压为50~90 V，氩气流量70~500sccm，工作压强0.5~1.7Pa，基底偏压为100~800 V。
S12. 将经清洗后的铝箔置于沉积室中，通入氮气，流量为200sccm,调节真空室压强为0.2 Pa，开启磷酸锂靶，且控制所述磷酸锂靶的靶功率为50W，在基底偏压为-100 V的条件下，沉积120min制备锂磷氧氮层。
S13. 以乙炔作为工作气体（打开乙炔气瓶的主阀，然后打开减压阀和质量流量计向真空室中通入乙炔），且调节所述真空室内的压强为0.5 Pa，离子源电压为50 V，基底偏压为50 V，在所述刻蚀样品的过渡层表面沉积2min制备类金刚石层。
S14. 涂层沉积结束后，关闭离子源电源以及偏压电源，然后关闭气体质量流量计和气瓶主阀和减压阀；设置降温程序，待温度降到100 ℃以下后，关闭高阀，打开放气阀，待真空室内压强与外界气压一致时，打开真空室门，然后将样品取出。将表面制备双层复合涂层的铝箔进行裁剪，得到复合铝负极片。
实施例2
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：锂膦氧氮层功率50W、氮气分压0.5Pa、偏压-150V、时间120min。
实施例3
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：锂膦氧氮功率50W、氮气分压0.5Pa、偏压-200V、时间120min。
实施例4
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：锂膦氧氮功率50W、氮气分压0.5Pa、偏压-250V、时间120min。
实施例5
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：锂膦氧氮功率50W、氮气分压0.5Pa、偏压-100V、时间60min。
实施例6
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：锂膦氧氮功率50W、氮气分压0.5Pa、偏压-100V、时间90min。
实施例7
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：类金刚石沉积时间1min。
实施例8
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：类金刚石沉积时间1.5min。
实施例9
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：类金刚石沉积时间2.5min。
实施例10
一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，与实施例1的不同之处在于：类金刚石沉积时间3min。
对比例1
一种铝负极片，所述铝负极片为与实施例相同的铝箔。
将实施例1-10、对比例1提供的的复合铝负极片作为电池负极，正极使用膨胀石墨，电解液使用LiPF 6浓度为4mol/L的碳酸甲乙酯溶液，组装成电池。测试电池的电化学性能参数，测试指标和测试方法如下：
（1）测试指标：循环性能，测试方法：在2C倍率下容量保持率80%的循环圈数；
（2）测试指标：倍率性能，测试方法：在1C~5C~1C倍率下各循环10圈后容量保持率；
测试结果如下表1所示，其中，实施例1的电池电压与倍率曲线图如图6所示，电池倍率车性能曲线如图7所示，电池循环性能如图8所示。
表1
测试电池 循环圈数 倍率性能
实施例1 430 98%
实施例2 421 96%
实施例3 425 97%
实施例4 419 95%
实施例5 308 90%
实施例6 353 93%
实施例7 200 71%
实施例8 235 79%
实施例9 304 82%
实施例10 284 79%
对比例1 200 50%
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复合负极片，其特征在于，所述复合负极片包括同时作为负极集流体和负极活性材料的金属箔，设置在所述金属箔一表面的固态电解质薄膜层，以及在所述固态电解质薄膜层背离所述金属箔的表面设置的类金刚石薄膜层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的复合负极片，其特征在于，所述复合负极片由所述金属箔、所述固态电解质薄膜层和所述类金刚石薄膜层组成，且所述金属箔为基底、所述固态电解质薄膜层为中间层、所述类金刚石薄膜层为最外层。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的复合负极片，其特征在于，所述金属箔选自金属箔、铜箔、铁箔、锡箔、银箔、金箔、铂箔、锌箔、铅箔、镍箔中的一种或者多种；和/或
    所述固态电解质薄膜层选自锂膦氧氮层、聚丙烯腈层、聚偏二氟乙烯层、聚氧乙烯层、聚硅氧烷层、硫化物电解质层中的一种或者多种。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的复合负极片，其特征在于，所述金属箔的厚度为20~150μm；和/或
    所述固态电解质薄膜层的厚度为20~300nm；和/或
    所述类金刚石薄膜的层厚度为10~50nm。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的复合负极片，其特征在于，所述金属箔的厚度为50~60μm；和/或
    所述固态电解质薄膜层的厚度为80~120nm；和/或
    所述类金刚石薄膜的层厚度为15~20nm。
  6. 一种复合铝负极片的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    提供金属箔，对所述金属箔依次进行预处理、辉光清洗和离子刻蚀清洗；
    在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层；
    在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的复合铝负极片的制备方法，其特征在于，所述固态电解质薄膜层采用气相沉积法制备，和/或
    所述类金刚石薄膜层采用气相沉积法制备，
    其中，所述气相沉积法包括磁控溅射法、真空蒸镀法、电弧等离子镀膜法、离子镀膜法、分子束外延法、气体中蒸发法、化学气相反应法、溅射源法、流动油面上真空沉积法、金属蒸汽合成法。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的复合铝负极片的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属箔为铝箔，所述固态电解质薄膜层为锂磷氧氮薄膜层，且在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层的方法为：将经清洗后的金属箔置于沉积室中，通入氮气，调节真空室压强为0.2~1.3 Pa，开启固态电解质靶，且控制所述固态电解质靶的靶功率为30~70W，在基底偏压为100~300 V的条件下，在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的复合铝负极片的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层的步骤中，所述磷酸锂电弧靶与所述铝箔之间的距离为5厘米~15厘米；和/或
    在所述金属箔的表面沉积固态电解质薄膜层的步骤中，通入氮气，调节所述氮气的流量为50~400 sccm；和/或
    在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层的步骤中，以乙炔作为工作气体，且调节所述真空室内的压强为0.5~1.0Pa，离子源电压为50~100V，基底偏压为50~200V，在所述固态电解质薄膜层的表面沉积类金刚石薄膜层。
  10. 一种二次电池，其特征在于，包括正极、负极，设置在所述正极和所述负极之间的隔膜，以及电解液，其中，所述负极为权利要求1至5任一项所述的复合铝负极片，或所述负极为权利要求6至8任一项所述的方法制备得到的复合铝负极片。
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