WO2020113789A1 - 绿光热活化延迟荧光材料及其合成方法、电致发光器件 - Google Patents

绿光热活化延迟荧光材料及其合成方法、电致发光器件 Download PDF

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WO2020113789A1
WO2020113789A1 PCT/CN2019/072132 CN2019072132W WO2020113789A1 WO 2020113789 A1 WO2020113789 A1 WO 2020113789A1 CN 2019072132 W CN2019072132 W CN 2019072132W WO 2020113789 A1 WO2020113789 A1 WO 2020113789A1
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target compound
thermally activated
fluorescent material
activated delayed
delayed fluorescent
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罗佳佳
李先杰
顾宇
黄金昌
杨林
白亚梅
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of display, in particular to a green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, a synthesis method thereof, and an electroluminescent device.
  • Organic light-emitting diodes (organic light-emitting diodes, OLEDs) with their active light do not require a backlight, high luminous efficiency, large viewing angle, fast response, large temperature adaptation range, relatively simple production and processing technology, and low driving voltage
  • OLED organic light-emitting diodes
  • the advantages of small energy consumption, lighter and thinner, flexible display and huge application prospects have attracted the attention of many researchers.
  • the luminescent guest material that plays a leading role is crucial.
  • the luminescent guest materials used in early OLEDs were fluorescent materials. Because the ratio of singlet and triplet excitons in OLED is 1:3, the theoretical internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of OLED based on fluorescent materials can only reach 25% , Which greatly limits the application of fluorescent electroluminescent devices.
  • IQE theoretical internal quantum efficiency
  • Heavy metal complex phosphorescent materials can achieve 100% IQE by utilizing singlet and triplet excitons simultaneously due to the spin-orbit coupling of heavy atoms.
  • the commonly used heavy metals are precious metals such as Ir and Pt, and the phosphorescent luminescent materials of the heavy metal complexes have yet to be broken through in terms of blue light materials.
  • TADF organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence
  • TADF materials For TADF materials, fast reverse intersystem crossing constant (kRISC) and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) are necessary conditions for the preparation of high-efficiency OLEDs. At present, TADF materials with the above conditions are still relatively scarce compared to heavy metal Ir complexes. Among electroluminescent devices, the brightness of green light accounts for the largest proportion, and the development of a high-efficiency green light-emitting material is particularly important.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material and its synthesis method, and an electroluminescent device to solve the low photoluminescence quantum yield in the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material system in the prior art 1.
  • the present invention provides a green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, which is a target compound synthesized by the reaction of an electron donor and an electron acceptor, and the target compound is a D-A molecular structure; wherein the molecular structure Where D is an electron donor, A is an electron acceptor, the electron acceptor is a plane electron acceptor with an ultra-low triplet energy level, and the triplet energy level of the target compound ranges from 2.0 to 3.0 eV.
  • the electron donor includes at least one of 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine, phenoxazine, and phenothiazine.
  • D-A molecular structure of the green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is one of the following molecular structures:
  • the invention also provides a method for synthesizing a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, including the following steps: a reaction liquid preparation step, placing an electron donor, an electron acceptor, and a catalyst in a reaction vessel to obtain a reaction liquid; and a target compound synthesis step , Provide the reaction conditions of the reaction liquid, that is, fully react under the condition of a temperature of 100 °C-200 °C to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution has the target compound generated by the reaction; the extraction step, the mixed solution is cooled At room temperature, the target compound in the mixed solution is extracted; in the step of purifying the target compound, the target compound is separated and purified to obtain a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
  • the electron acceptor is selected
  • the electron donor is selected from at least one of 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine, phenoxazine and phenothiazine;
  • the catalyst includes palladium acetate and tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoro Borate and sodium tert-butoxide.
  • the molar ratio of the electron acceptor to the electron donor is 1:1 to 1:3.
  • the palladium acetate and the tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate are placed in the reaction vessel together with the electron acceptor and the electron donor. Then, the reaction vessel is placed in an argon atmosphere, and the sodium tert-butoxide and toluene in which water and oxygen are removed are added to the reaction vessel to obtain the reaction solution.
  • the extraction step includes: pouring the reaction solution into an ice-water mixture, and adding dichloromethane for multiple extractions; combining the organic phases after multiple extractions to obtain the target compound; and purifying the target compound
  • the steps include: using a developing agent to perform the initial purification of the target compound by a silica gel column chromatography method to obtain the green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material; wherein the developing agent in the silica gel column chromatography method is methylene chloride With n-hexane, the volume ratio of dichloromethane to n-hexane is 2:1.
  • the invention also provides an electroluminescent device, comprising: a substrate layer; a hole transporting and injecting layer, which is provided on one side surface of the substrate layer; and a light emitting layer, which is provided on the hole transporting and injecting layer away A side surface of the substrate layer; an electron transport layer provided on the light emitting layer away from the hole transporting and injection layer; and a cathode layer provided on the electron transport layer away from the light emitting One side surface of the layer; wherein, the material used for the light-emitting layer is a green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
  • the technical effect of the present invention is that the green thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the present invention, through ingenious molecular design, reduces the lowest single and triple energy level difference of the target molecule, so that the target molecule has a fast reverse intersystem crossing constant (constant The value ranges from 1*104/s to 1*107/s). At the same time, adding fluorine atoms to the electron acceptor effectively increases the luminous efficiency of the material.
  • the method for synthesizing the green thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the present invention synthesizes a series of green thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials with significant thermally activated delayed fluorescent properties through the combination of different functional groups, the synthesis rate of which is higher, and among the synthesized products
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material accounts for a high proportion of the entire synthesized product, and its photoluminescence quantum yield is high.
  • the organic electroluminescent device is improved, so that the organic electroluminescent device having the green thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has higher luminous efficiency and brightness.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for synthesizing a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a photoluminescence spectrum diagram of a compound synthesized in an embodiment of the present invention in a toluene solution at room temperature;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the component When certain components are described as "on" another component, the component may be directly placed on the other component; there may also be an intermediate component, which is placed on the intermediate component , And the intermediate component is placed on another component.
  • This embodiment provides a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, which is a target compound synthesized by the reaction of an electron donor and an electron acceptor.
  • the target compound is in the molecular structure of DA, D is an electron donor, and A is an electron acceptor .
  • the electron acceptor is a plane electron acceptor with an ultra-low triplet energy level, and the triplet energy level of the target compound ranges from 2.0 to 3.0 eV.
  • the molecular structure of the electron acceptor is The electron donor is 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine, the electron acceptor and the 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine undergo a series of After the chemical reaction, a first target compound is synthesized.
  • the molecular structure of the first target compound is as follows: Reduce the lowest single and triple energy level difference of the target molecule, so that the target molecule has a fast reverse intersystem crossing constant (constant value range of 1*10 4 /s ⁇ 1*10 7 /s) and high photoluminescence quantum The yield, the synthesis of the first target compound has a high TADF ratio and PLQY.
  • this embodiment also provides a method for synthesizing the green thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, and its reaction formula is roughly as shown in formula (1) Show:
  • the molar ratio of the electron acceptor to the electron donor is 1:1 to 1:3.
  • Reaction liquid preparation step the electron acceptor (1.09g, 5mmol); the electron donor 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine (1.14g, 6mmol) and catalyst; palladium acetate (45mg, 0.2mmol) and tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (0.17g, 0.6mmol) were placed in a 100mL two-necked bottle, and sodium tert-butoxide NaOt-Bu (0.58g, 0.58g, 6mmol), to obtain the reaction solution, because sodium tert-butoxide (NaOt-Bu) easily reacts with water to release hydrogen, which is very dangerous, so it is stored in an argon atmosphere glove box, and it is also taken under argon atmosphere.
  • NaOt-Bu sodium tert-butoxide
  • Target compound synthesis step Provide the reaction conditions of the reaction solution, add 30mL-50mL dehydrated and deoxygenated toluene to the glove box, and fully react at a temperature of 100°C-200°C to obtain a mixed solution.
  • the mixed solution has the first target compound generated by the reaction.
  • Extraction step The mixed solution is cooled to room temperature and poured into an ice-water mixture of 100 mL to 300 mL, and the first target compound in the mixed solution is extracted multiple times with the dichloromethane.
  • Target compound purification treatment step combining organic phases, using a developing agent, and purifying the first target compound for the first time by a silica gel column chromatography method to obtain a purified product.
  • the developing agent is two Chloromethane and n-hexane
  • the volume ratio of dichloromethane to n-hexane is 2:1
  • the first target compound is separated and purified to obtain green powder 1.3g
  • the yield is 75%.
  • the following performs parameter analysis on the obtained first target compound by a detection instrument, and the analysis results include nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, carbon spectrum results, and mass spectrometry results.
  • the nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum and carbon spectrum results are: 1H NMR (300MHz, CD2Cl2, ⁇ ): 7.19-7.14 (m, 6H), 7.00-6.95 (m, 2H), 1.69 (s, 6H).
  • This embodiment synthesizes green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials with significant thermally activated delayed fluorescence characteristics through the combination of different functional groups, and its synthesis rate is relatively high.
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials are included in the entire synthesized product. The proportion is high, and the photoluminescence quantum yield is high.
  • Table (1) shows the measured parameters of the lowest singlet state (S1) and lowest triplet energy level (T1) of the first target compound:
  • the first curve 101 is the photoluminescence spectrum of the first target compound in a toluene solution at room temperature.
  • this embodiment also provides an electroluminescent device, which includes: a substrate layer 1; a hole transport and injection layer 2 provided on the upper surface of the substrate layer 1; a light emitting layer 3 provided on the air The upper surface of the hole transport and injection layer 2; an electron transport layer 4, provided on the upper surface of the light emitting layer 3; and a cathode layer 5, provided on the upper surface of the electron transport layer 4; wherein, the light emitting layer 3 is the green Photothermally activated delayed fluorescent material, that is, the first target compound.
  • a layer of 50 nm poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was spin-coated on the substrate layer 1 after cleaning to obtain a hole transport and injection layer 2 and the substrate layer 1
  • the material is glass and conductive glass (ITO); spin-coat a layer of 40nm green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material on the hole transport and injection layer 2 to obtain a light-emitting layer 3; under high vacuum conditions, on the light-emitting layer 3
  • a layer of 1,3,5-tris(3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl)benzene (Tm3PyPB) of 40nm is evaporated to obtain an electron transport layer 4; and under high vacuum conditions, on the electron transport layer 4
  • a layer of lithium fluoride of 1 nm and aluminum of 100 nm is vapor-deposited to obtain a cathode layer 5, and a first electroluminescent device is finally made.
  • the current-brightness-voltage characteristics of the device are completed by a Keithley source measurement system (Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter, Keithley 2000 Currentmeter) with a corrected silicon photodiode, and the electroluminescence spectrum is measured by SPEX CCD3000 spectrometer of French JY company. All measurements are done in room temperature atmosphere.
  • the performance data of the first electroluminescent device is shown in the following table (2).
  • Table (2) shows the measured maximum current efficiency and maximum external quantum efficiency of the first electroluminescent device:
  • the electroluminescent device manufactured by using green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has higher luminous efficiency and brightness, high manufacturing efficiency and long service life.
  • the synthesized molecular structure is a D-A molecular structure.
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the DA molecular structure accounts for a high proportion of the whole synthesized product, and its photoluminescence quantum yield is high, so that the target molecule has a rapid reverse intersystem crossing constant (the constant value range is 1 *104/s ⁇ 1*107/s) and high photoluminescence quantum yield.
  • This embodiment provides a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, which is a target compound synthesized by the reaction of an electron donor and an electron acceptor.
  • the target compound is in the molecular structure of DA, D is an electron donor, and A is an electron acceptor .
  • the electron acceptor is a plane electron acceptor with an ultra-low triplet energy level, and the triplet energy level of the target compound ranges from 2.0 to 3.0 eV.
  • the molecular structure of the electron acceptor is The electron donor is phenoxazine, the molecular formula of the phenoxazine is C 12 H 9 NO, the 4 electron acceptor and the phenoxazine undergo a series of chemical reactions to synthesize the second target compound,
  • the molecular structure of the second target compound is as follows: Reduce the lowest single and triple energy level difference of the target molecule, so that the target molecule has a fast reverse intersystem crossing constant (constant value range of 1*10 4 /s ⁇ 1*10 7 /s) and high photoluminescence quantum The yield, the synthesis of the second target compound has a high TADF ratio and PLQY.
  • this embodiment also provides a method for synthesizing a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
  • the synthetic route is as follows:
  • the molar ratio of the electron acceptor to the electron donor is 1:1 to 1:3.
  • the preparation step of the reaction solution the electron acceptor (1.09g, 5mmol); the electron donor phenoxazine (1.10g, 6mmol) and catalyst; palladium acetate (45mg, 0.2mmol) and tri-tert-butylphosphine Fluoborate (0.17g, 0.6mmol) was placed in a 100mL two-neck flask, and sodium tert-butoxide NaOt-Bu (0.58g, 6mmol) was added to a glove box to obtain the reaction solution because sodium tert-butoxide ( NaOt-Bu) easily reacts with water to release hydrogen gas, which is very dangerous, so it is stored in a glove box in an argon atmosphere, and it is also taken under an argon atmosphere.
  • NaOt-Bu sodium tert-butoxide
  • Target compound synthesis step Provide the reaction conditions of the reaction solution, add 30mL-50mL dehydrated and deoxygenated toluene to the glove box, and fully react at a temperature of 100°C-200°C to obtain a mixed solution.
  • the mixed solution has the second target compound generated by the reaction.
  • Extraction step The mixed solution is cooled to room temperature, and poured into an ice-water mixture of 100 mL to 300 mL, and the second target compound in the mixed solution is extracted multiple times with the dichloromethane.
  • Target compound purification process step Combine the organic phases, use the developing agent to perform the initial purification of the second target compound by the silica gel column chromatography method to obtain a purified product, in the silica gel column chromatography method, the developing agent is two Chloromethane and n-hexane, the volume ratio of dichloromethane to n-hexane is 2:1, and the second target compound is separated and purified to obtain 1.2 g of green powder with a yield of 75%.
  • the following performs parameter analysis on the obtained second target compound through a detection instrument, and the analysis results include nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, carbon spectrum results, and mass spectrometry results.
  • Mass spectrometry results are: MS (EI) m/z: [M] + calcd (theoretical value) for C17H8F2N4O, 322.07; found (experimental value), 322.02.
  • Elemental analysis results are: Anal.Calcd (theoretical value) for C17H8F2N4O: C63.36, H2.50, N17.39; found (experimental value): C63.23H2.45, N17.22.
  • This embodiment synthesizes green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials with significant thermally activated delayed fluorescence characteristics through the combination of different functional groups, and its synthesis rate is relatively high.
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials are in the entire synthesized product. The proportion is high, and the photoluminescence quantum yield is high.
  • Table (3) shows the measured parameters of the lowest singlet state (S1) and the lowest triplet energy level (T1) of the second target compound:
  • the second curve 102 is the photoluminescence spectrum of the second target compound in a toluene solution at room temperature.
  • this embodiment also provides an electroluminescent device, which includes: a substrate layer 1; a hole transport and injection layer 2 provided on the upper surface of the substrate layer 1; a light-emitting layer 3 provided on the air The upper surface of the hole transport and injection layer 2; an electron transport layer 4, provided on the upper surface of the light emitting layer 3; and a cathode layer 5, provided on the upper surface of the electron transport layer 4; wherein, the light emitting layer 3 is the green Photothermally activated delayed fluorescent material, that is, the second target compound.
  • a layer of 50 nm poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was spin-coated on the substrate layer 1 after cleaning to obtain a hole transport and injection layer 2 and the substrate layer 1
  • the material is glass and conductive glass (ITO); spin-coat a layer of 40nm green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material on the hole transport and injection layer 2 to obtain a light-emitting layer 3; under high vacuum conditions, on the light-emitting layer 3
  • a layer of 1,3,5-tris(3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl)benzene (Tm3PyPB) of 40nm is evaporated to obtain an electron transport layer 4; and under high vacuum conditions, on the electron transport layer 4
  • a layer of lithium fluoride of 1 nm and aluminum of 100 nm is vapor-deposited to obtain a cathode layer 5, and a first electroluminescent device is finally made.
  • the current-brightness-voltage characteristics of the device are completed by a Keithley source measurement system (Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter, Keithley 2000 Currentmeter) with a corrected silicon photodiode, and the electroluminescence spectrum is measured by SPEX CCD3000 spectrometer of French JY company. All measurements are done in room temperature atmosphere.
  • the performance data of the first electroluminescent device is shown in the following table (4).
  • Table (4) is the measured maximum current efficiency, maximum external quantum efficiency and other parameters of the first electroluminescent device:
  • the electroluminescent device manufactured by using green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has higher luminous efficiency and brightness, high manufacturing efficiency and long service life.
  • the synthesized molecular structure is a D-A molecular structure.
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the DA molecular structure accounts for a high proportion of the whole synthesized product, and its photoluminescence quantum yield is high, so that the target molecule has a rapid reverse intersystem crossing constant (the constant value range is 1 *104/s ⁇ 1*107/s) and high photoluminescence quantum yield.
  • This embodiment provides a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, which is a target compound synthesized by the reaction of an electron donor and an electron acceptor.
  • the target compound is in the molecular structure of DA, D is an electron donor, and A is an electron acceptor .
  • the electron acceptor is a plane electron acceptor with an ultra-low triplet energy level, and the triplet energy level of the target compound ranges from 2.0 to 3.0 eV.
  • the molecular structure of the electron acceptor is The electron donor is phenothiazine, the molecular formula of the phenothiazine is C 12 H 9 NS, and the fourth electron acceptor and the phenothiazine undergo a series of chemical reactions to synthesize the third target compound.
  • the molecular structure of the third target compound is as follows:
  • the target molecule has a fast reverse intersystem crossing constant (constant value range of 1*10 4 /s ⁇ 1*10 7 /s) and high photoluminescence quantum
  • the yield, the synthesis of the second target compound has high TADF ratio and PLQY.
  • this embodiment also provides a method for synthesizing a green-light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
  • the synthetic route is as follows:
  • the molar ratio of the electron acceptor to the electron donor is 1:1 to 1:3.
  • Preparation step of the reaction solution the electron acceptor (1.09g, 5mmol); the electron donor phenothiazine (1.09g, 5mmol) and catalyst; palladium acetate (45mg, 0.2mmol) and tri-tert-butylphosphine Fluoborate (0.17g, 0.6mmol) was placed in a 100mL two-neck flask, and sodium tert-butoxide NaOt-Bu (0.58g, 6mmol) was added to a glove box to obtain the reaction solution because sodium tert-butoxide ( NaOt-Bu) easily reacts with water to release hydrogen gas, which is very dangerous, so it is stored in a glove box in an argon atmosphere, and it is also taken under an argon atmosphere.
  • NaOt-Bu sodium tert-butoxide
  • Target compound synthesis step Provide the reaction conditions of the reaction solution, add 30mL-50mL dehydrated and deoxygenated toluene to the glove box, and fully react at a temperature of 100°C-200°C to obtain a mixed solution.
  • the mixed solution has a third target compound generated by the reaction.
  • Extraction step The mixed solution is cooled to room temperature, and poured into an ice-water mixture of 100 mL to 300 mL, and the third target compound in the mixed solution is extracted with the dichloromethane multiple times.
  • Target compound purification process step Combine the organic phases, use the developing agent to perform the initial purification of the third target compound by the silica gel column chromatography method to obtain a purified product.
  • the developing agent is two Chloromethane and n-hexane
  • the volume ratio of dichloromethane to n-hexane is 2:1
  • the third target compound is isolated and purified to obtain 1.1 g of green powder with a yield of 65%.
  • the following performs parameter analysis on the obtained third target compound through a detection instrument, and the analysis results include nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, carbon spectrum results, and mass spectrum results.
  • the results of nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum and carbon spectrum are: 1H NMR (300MHz, CD2Cl2, ⁇ ): 7.121-7.16 (m, 6H), 7.00-6.97 (m, 2H).
  • Mass spectrometry results are: MS(EI)m/z: [M]+calcd (theoretical value) for C17H8F2N4S, 338.04; found (experimental value), 338.02.
  • This embodiment synthesizes green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials with significant thermally activated delayed fluorescence characteristics through the combination of different functional groups, and its synthesis rate is relatively high.
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials are included in the entire synthesized product. The proportion is high, and the photoluminescence quantum yield is high.
  • Table (5) shows the measured parameters of the lowest singlet state (S1) and lowest triplet energy level (T1) of the third target compound:
  • the third curve 103 shows the photoluminescence spectrum of the third target compound in toluene solution at room temperature.
  • this embodiment also provides an electroluminescent device, which includes: a substrate layer 1; a hole transport and injection layer 2 provided on the upper surface of the substrate layer 1; a light emitting layer 3 provided on the air The upper surface of the hole transport and injection layer 2; an electron transport layer 4, provided on the upper surface of the light emitting layer 3; and a cathode layer 5, provided on the upper surface of the electron transport layer 4; wherein, the light emitting layer 3 is the green Photothermally activated delayed fluorescent material, that is, the second target compound.
  • a layer of 50 nm poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was spin-coated on the substrate layer 1 after cleaning to obtain a hole transport and injection layer 2 and the substrate layer 1
  • the material is glass and conductive glass (ITO); spin-coat a layer of 40nm green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material on the hole transport and injection layer 2 to obtain a light-emitting layer 3; under high vacuum conditions, on the light-emitting layer 3
  • a layer of 1,3,5-tris(3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl)benzene (Tm3PyPB) of 40nm is evaporated to obtain an electron transport layer 4; and under high vacuum conditions, on the electron transport layer 4
  • a layer of lithium fluoride of 1 nm and aluminum of 100 nm is vapor-deposited to obtain a cathode layer 5, and a first electroluminescent device is finally made.
  • the current-brightness-voltage characteristics of the device are completed by a Keithley source measurement system (Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter, Keithley 2000 Currentmeter) with a corrected silicon photodiode, and the electroluminescence spectrum is measured by SPEX CCD3000 spectrometer of French JY company. All measurements are done in room temperature atmosphere.
  • the performance data of the first electroluminescent device is shown in the following table (6).
  • Table (6) shows the measured maximum current efficiency, maximum external quantum efficiency and other parameters of the first electroluminescent device:
  • the electroluminescent device manufactured by using green light thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has higher luminous efficiency and brightness, high manufacturing efficiency and long service life.
  • the synthesized molecular structure is a D-A molecular structure.
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the DA molecular structure accounts for a high proportion of the whole synthesized product, and its photoluminescence quantum yield is high, so that the target molecule has a rapid reverse intersystem crossing constant (the constant value range is 1 *104/s ⁇ 1*107/s) and high photoluminescence quantum yield.

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Abstract

一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料及其合成方法、电致发光器件，所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料为：电子给体和电子受体反应合成的目标化合物，所述目标化合物为D‐A分子结构；其中，所述电子受体为超低三重态能级的平面电子受体，所述目标化合物的三重态能级范围为2.0～3.0eV。所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法包括：反应液配制步骤；目标化合物合成步骤；萃取步骤；目标化合物纯化处理步骤。所述电致发光器件包括：一衬底层、一空穴传输和注入层、一发光层、一电子传输层以及一阴极层。技术效果为合成一种具有高性能的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，提高合成效率，实现了高效率有机电致发光器件的制备。

Description

绿光热活化延迟荧光材料及其合成方法、电致发光器件 技术领域
本发明涉及显示领域，特别涉及一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料及其合成方法、电致发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光二极管(organic light‐emitting diodes，OLEDs)以其主动发光不需要背光源、发光效率高、可视角度大、响应速度快、温度适应范围大、生产加工工艺相对简单、驱动电压低，能耗小，更轻更薄，柔性显示等优点以及巨大的应用前景，吸引了众多研究者的关注。在OLED中，起主导作用的发光客体材料至关重要。早期的OLED使用的发光客体材料为荧光材料，由于在OLED中单重态和三重态的激子比例为1:3，因此基于荧光材料的OLED的理论内量子效率(IQE)只能达到25％，极大的限制了荧光电致发光器件的应用。重金属配合物磷光材料由于重原子的自旋轨道耦合作用，使得它能够同时利用单重态和三重态激子而实现100％的IQE。然而，通常使用的重金属都是Ir、Pt等贵重金属，并且重金属配合物磷光发光材料在蓝光材料方面尚有待突破。纯有机热活化延迟荧光(TADF)材料，通过巧妙的分子设计，使得分子具有较小的最低单三重能级差(ΔEST)，这样三重态激子可以通过反向系间窜越(RISC)回到单重态，再通过辐射跃迁至基态而发光，从而能够同时利用单、三重态激子，也可以实现100％的IQE。
对于TADF材料，快速的反向系间窜越常数(kRISC)以及高的光致发光量子产率(PLQY)是制备高效率OLED的必要条件。目前，具备上述条件的TADF材料相对于重金属Ir配合物而言还是比较匮乏。在电致发光器件中，绿光的亮度占比最大，一次高效的绿光发光材料的开发显得尤为重要。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于，提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料及其合成方法、一种电致发光器件，用以解决现有技术中热激活延迟荧光材料体系中，光致发光量子产率低、热激活延迟荧光材料在整个热激活延迟荧光材料体系中的比例低等技术问题。
技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其为由电子给体和电子受体反应合成的目标化合物，所述目标化合物为D‐A分子结构；其中所述分子结构中D为电子给体，A为电子受体，所述电子受体为超低三重态能级的平面电子受体，所述目标化合物的三重态能级范围为2.0～3.0eV。
进一步地，所述电子受体的分子结构为
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000001
所述电子给体包括9,10‐二氢‐9,9‐二甲基吖啶、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的D‐A分子结构为以下分子结构中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000002
本发明还提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，包括以下步骤：反应液配制步骤，将电子给体、电子受体以及催化剂置于反应容器中，获得反应液；目标化合物合成步骤，提供所述反应液的反应条件，即在温度为100℃‐200℃的条件下充分反应，获得混合溶液，所述混合溶液中具有反应生成的目标化合物；萃取步骤，将所述混合溶液冷却至室温，萃取所述混合溶液中的目标化合物；目标化合物纯化处理步骤，分离纯化所述目标化合物，获得绿光热活化延迟荧光材料。
进一步地，在所述反应液配制步骤中，电子受体选用
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000003
所述电子给体选用9,10‐二氢‐9,9‐二甲基吖啶、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪中的至少一种；所述催化剂包括醋酸钯、三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐以及叔丁醇钠。
进一步地，在所述反应液配制步骤中，所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1‐1：3。
进一步地，所述反应液配制步骤中，先将所述醋酸钯以及所述三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐与所述电子受体、所述电子给体一起放置于所述反应容器中，再将所述反应容器放置于氩气环境中，并往所述反应容器中加入所述叔丁醇钠以及除水除氧的甲苯，得到所述反应液。
进一步地，所述萃取步骤中包括：将反应液倒入冰水混合物中，并加入二氯甲烷进行多次萃取；多次萃取后合并有机相，得到所述目标化合物；所述纯化处理目标化合物步骤中包括：使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法进行初次纯化所述目标化合物，得到所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料；其中，所述硅胶柱层析方法中的展开剂为二氯甲烷和正已烷，所述二氯甲烷和所述正已烷的体积比为2:1。
本发明还提供一种电致发光器件，包括：一衬底层；一空穴传输和注入层，设于所述衬底层的一侧表面；一发光层，设于所述空穴传输和注入层远离所述衬底层的一侧表面；一电子传输层，设于所述发光层远离所述空穴传输和注入层的一侧表面；以及一阴极层，设于所述电子传输层远离所述发光层的一侧表面；其中，所述发光层所用材料为绿光热活化延迟荧光材料。
有益效果
本发明的技术效果在于，本发明的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，通过巧妙的分子设计，减小目标分子最低单三重能级差，从而使得目标分子具有快速的反向系间窜越常数(常数数值范围在1*104/s～1*107/s)。与此同时，在所述电子受体上增加氟原子，有效的增加材料的发光效率。
本发明的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，通过不同官能团的搭配，合成一系列具有显著热激活延迟荧光特性的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其合成率较高，在合成的产物中，热激活延迟荧光材料在整个合成的产物中的占比高，其光致发光量子产率高。进而改进了有机电致发光器件，使得具有该绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的有机电致发光器件其具有较高的发光效 率和亮度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法的流程图；
图2为本发明实施例合成的化合物在室温下，甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱图；
图3为本发明实施例所述的电致发光器件的结构示意图。
部分组件标识如下：
1、衬底层；
2、空穴传输和注入层；
3、发光层；
4、电子传输层；
5、阴极层；
101、第一曲线；102、第二曲线、103、第三曲线。
本发明的最佳实施方式
以下结合说明书附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例，以向本领域中的技术人员完整介绍本发明的技术内容，以举例证明本发明可以实施，使得本发明公开的技术内容更加清楚，使得本领域的技术人员更容易理解如何实施本发明。然而本发明可以通过许多不同形式的实施例来得以体现，本发明的保护范围并非仅限于文中提到的实施例，下文实施例的说明并非用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明所提到的方向用语，例如「上」、「下」、「前」、「后」、「左」、「右」、「内」、「外」、「侧面」等，仅是附图中的方向，本文所使用的方向用语是用来解释和说明本发明，而不是用来限定本发明的保护范围。
在附图中，结构相同的部件以相同数字标号表示，各处结构或功能相似的组件以相似数字标号表示。此外，为了便于理解和描述，附图所示的每一组件的尺寸和厚度是任意示出的，本发明并没有限定每个组件的尺寸和厚度。
当某些组件，被描述为“在”另一组件“上”时，所述组件可以直接置于所述另一组件上；也可以存在一中间组件，所述组件置于所述中间组件上，且所述中间组件置于另一组件上。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其为电子给体和电子受体反应合成的目标化合物，所述目标化合物为D-A分子结构中，D为电子给体，A为电子受体。其中，所述电子受体为超低三重态能级的平面电子受体，所述目标化合物的三重态能级范围为2.0～3.0eV。在本实施例中，所述电子受体的分子结构式为
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000004
所述电子给体为9,10-二氢 -9,9-二甲基吖啶，所述电子受体与所述9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶经一系列化学反应后合成第一目标化合物，所述第一目标化合物的分子结构如下：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000005
减小目标分子最低单三重能级差，从而使得目标分子具有快速的反向系间窜越常数(常数数值范围在1*10 4/s～1*10 7/s)以及高的光致发光量子产率，合成所述第一目标化合物具有高TADF比例和PLQY。
如图1所示，为了更加详细地解释本发明的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，本实施例还提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，其反应式大体如式(1)所示：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000006
式(1)中，所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1-1：3。
下面结合式(1)详细解释本实施例的合成方法，其包括如下步骤：
反应液配制步骤：将所述电子受体(1.09g，5mmol)；所述电子给体9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶(1.14g，6mmol)以及催化剂；醋酸钯(45mg，0.2mmol)和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.17g，0.6mmol)置于100mL的二口瓶中，在一手套箱中加入叔丁醇钠NaOt-Bu(0.58g，6mmol)，获得反应液，因为叔丁醇钠(NaOt-Bu)极易与水反应放出氢气，非常危险，故保存在氩气氛围的手套箱中，取用也是在氩气氛围下取用。
目标化合物合成步骤：提供所述反应液的反应条件，往所述手套箱中加入30mL～50mL除水除氧的甲苯，在温度为100℃-200℃的条件下充分反应，获得混合溶液，所述混合溶液中具有反应生成的第一目标化合物。
萃取步骤：将所述混合溶液冷却至室温，并倒入至100mL～300mL的冰水混合物中，用所述二氯甲烷多次萃取所述混合溶液中的第一目标化合物。
目标化合物纯化处理步骤：合并有机相，使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法进行初次纯化所述第一目标化合物，得到纯化物，在所述硅胶柱层析方法中，所述展开剂为二氯甲烷以及正己烷，所述二氯甲烷与正己烷的体积比为2：1，分离纯化所述第一目标化合物，获得绿色粉末1.3g，产率为75％。
下面通过检测仪器对获取的所述第一目标化合物进行参数分析，分析结果包括核磁氢谱、碳谱的结果、质谱结果。其中，核磁氢谱、碳谱结果为：1H NMR(300MHz,CD2Cl2,δ):7.19-7.14(m,6H),7.00-6.95(m,2H),1.69(s,6H)。
质谱结果为：MS(EI)m/z:[M]+calcd(理论值)for C20H14F2N4,348.12；found(实验值)348.09。
元素分析的结果为：Anal.Calcd(理论值)for C20H14F2N4:C 68.96,H 4.05,N 16.08；found(实验值)：C 78.77,H 4.01,N 16.02。
本实施例通过不同官能团的搭配，合成具有显著热激活延迟荧光特性的绿光热活化延迟荧光 材料，其合成率较高，在合成的产物中，热激活延迟荧光材料在整个合成的产物中的占比高，其光致发光量子产率高。
下面对所述第一目标化合物的特征参数进行分析，分析结果如下表(1)所示。
表(1)为所测得的第一目标化合物的最低单重态(S1)和最低三重态能级(T1)等参数：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000007
表(1)
如图2所示，第一曲线101为所述第一目标化合物在室温下，甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱。
如图3所示，本实施例还提供一种电致发光器件，包括：一衬底层1；一空穴传输和注入层2，设于衬底层1的上表面；一发光层3，设于空穴传输和注入层2的上表面；一电子传输层4，设于发光层3的上表面；以及一阴极层5，设于电子传输层4的上表面；其中，发光层3为所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，即所述第一目标化合物。
在清洗过后的衬底层1上旋涂一层50nm的聚3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩：聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)，获得一空穴传输和注入层2，衬底层1的材质为玻璃和导电玻璃(ITO)；在空穴传输和注入层2上旋涂一层40nm的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，获得一发光层3；在高真空条件下，在发光层3上蒸镀一层40nm的1,3,5-三(3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)苯(Tm3PyPB)，获得一电子传输层4；以及在高真空条件下，在电子传输层4上蒸镀一层1nm的氟化锂和100nm的铝，获得一阴极层5，最终制成一第一电致发光器件。
器件的电流-亮度-电压特性是由带有校正过的硅光电二极管的Keithley源测量系统(Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter、Keithley 2000 Currentmeter)完成的，电致发光光谱是由法国JY公司SPEX CCD3000光谱仪测量的，所有测量均在室温大气中完成。
所述第一电致发光器件的性能数据如下表(2)所示。
表(2)为所测得的第一电致发光器件的最高电流效率、最大外量子效率等参数：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000008
表(2)
利用绿光热活化延迟荧光材料制作而成的电致发光器件具有较高的发光效率和亮度，制作效率高，使用寿命长。
所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1-1：1.5时，合成的分子结构为D-A分子结构。所述D-A分子结构的热激活延迟荧光材料在整个合成的产物中的占比高，其光致发光量子产率高从而使得目标分子具有快速的反向系间窜越常数(常数数值范围在1*104/s～1*107/s)以及高的光致发光量子产率。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其为电子给体和电子受体反应合成的目标化合物，所述目标化合物为D-A分子结构中，D为电子给体，A为电子受体。其中，所述电子受体为超低三重态能级的平面电子受体，所述目标化合物的三重态能级范围为2.0～3.0eV。在 本实施例中，所述电子受体的分子结构式为
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000009
所述电子给体为吩恶嗪，所述吩恶嗪的分子式为C 12H 9NO，所述4电子受体与所述吩恶嗪经一系列化学反应后合成第二目标化合物，所述第二目标化合物的分子结构如下：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000010
减小目标分子最低单三重能级差，从而使得目标分子具有快速的反向系间窜越常数(常数数值范围在1*10 4/s～1*10 7/s)以及高的光致发光量子产率，合成所述第二目标化合物具有高TADF比例和PLQY。
如图1所示，本实施例还提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000011
式(2)中，所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1-1：3。
下面结合式(2)详细解释本实施例的合成方法，其包括如下步骤：
反应液配制步骤：将所述电子受体(1.09g，5mmol)；所述电子给体吩噁嗪(1.10g，6mmol)以及催化剂；醋酸钯(45mg，0.2mmol)和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.17g，0.6mmol)置于100mL的二口瓶中，在一手套箱中加入叔丁醇钠NaOt-Bu(0.58g，6mmol)，获得反应液，因为叔丁醇钠(NaOt-Bu)极易与水反应放出氢气，非常危险，故保存在氩气氛围的手套箱中，取用也是在氩气氛围下取用。
目标化合物合成步骤：提供所述反应液的反应条件，往所述手套箱中加入30mL～50mL除水除氧的甲苯，在温度为100℃-200℃的条件下充分反应，获得混合溶液，所述混合溶液中具有反应生成的第二目标化合物。
萃取步骤：将所述混合溶液冷却至室温，并倒入至100mL～300mL的冰水混合物中，用所述二氯甲烷多次萃取所述混合溶液中的第二目标化合物。
目标化合物纯化处理步骤：合并有机相，使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法进行初次纯化所述第二目标化合物，得到纯化物，在所述硅胶柱层析方法中，所述展开剂为二氯甲烷以及正己烷，所述二氯甲烷与正己烷的体积比为2：1，分离纯化所述第二目标化合物，获得绿色 粉末1.2g，产率为75％。
下面通过检测仪器对获取的所述第二目标化合物进行参数分析，分析结果包括核磁氢谱、碳谱的结果、质谱结果。其中，核磁氢谱、碳谱结果为：1H NMR(300MHz,CD2Cl2,δ):7.14(d,J＝7.2Hz,2H),7.01-6.96(m,6H)。
质谱结果为：MS(EI)m/z:[M]+calcd(理论值)for C17H8F2N4O,322.07；found(实验值),322.02。
元素分析的结果为：Anal.Calcd(理论值)for C17H8F2N4O:C 63.36,H 2.50,N 17.39；found(实验值):C 63.23H 2.45,N 17.22。
本实施例通过不同官能团的搭配，合成具有显著热激活延迟荧光特性的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其合成率较高，在合成的产物中，热激活延迟荧光材料在整个合成的产物中的占比高，其光致发光量子产率高。
下面对所述第二目标化合物的特征参数进行分析，分析结果如下表(3)所示。
表(3)为所测得的第二目标化合物的最低单重态(S1)和最低三重态能级(T1)等参数：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000012
表(3)
如图2所示，第二曲线102为所述第二目标化合物在室温下，甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱。
如图3所示，本实施例还提供一种电致发光器件，包括：一衬底层1；一空穴传输和注入层2，设于衬底层1的上表面；一发光层3，设于空穴传输和注入层2的上表面；一电子传输层4，设于发光层3的上表面；以及一阴极层5，设于电子传输层4的上表面；其中，发光层3为所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，即所述第二目标化合物。
在清洗过后的衬底层1上旋涂一层50nm的聚3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩：聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)，获得一空穴传输和注入层2，衬底层1的材质为玻璃和导电玻璃(ITO)；在空穴传输和注入层2上旋涂一层40nm的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，获得一发光层3；在高真空条件下，在发光层3上蒸镀一层40nm的1,3,5-三(3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)苯(Tm3PyPB)，获得一电子传输层4；以及在高真空条件下，在电子传输层4上蒸镀一层1nm的氟化锂和100nm的铝，获得一阴极层5，最终制成一第一电致发光器件。
器件的电流-亮度-电压特性是由带有校正过的硅光电二极管的Keithley源测量系统(Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter、Keithley 2000 Currentmeter)完成的，电致发光光谱是由法国JY公司SPEX CCD3000光谱仪测量的，所有测量均在室温大气中完成。
所述第一电致发光器件的性能数据如下表(4)所示。
表(4)为所测得的第一电致发光器件的最高电流效率、最大外量子效率等参数：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000013
表(4)
利用绿光热活化延迟荧光材料制作而成的电致发光器件具有较高的发光效率和亮度，制作效率高，使用寿命长。
所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1-1：1.5时，合成的分子结构为D-A分子结构。所述D-A分子结构的热激活延迟荧光材料在整个合成的产物中的占比高，其光致发光量子产率高从而使得目标分子具有快速的反向系间窜越常数(常数数值范围在1*104/s～1*107/s)以及高的光致发光量子产率。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其为电子给体和电子受体反应合成的目标化合物，所述目标化合物为D-A分子结构中，D为电子给体，A为电子受体。其中，所述电子受体为超低三重态能级的平面电子受体，所述目标化合物的三重态能级范围为2.0～3.0eV。在本实施例中，所述电子受体的分子结构式为
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000014
所述电子给体为吩噻嗪，所述吩噻嗪的分子式为C 12H 9NS，所述4电子受体与所述吩噻嗪经一系列化学反应后合成第三目标化合物，所述第三目标化合物的分子结构如下：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000015
减小目标分子最低单三重能级差，从而使得目标分子具有快速的反向系间窜越常数(常数数值范围在1*10 4/s～1*10 7/s)以及高的光致发光量子产率，合成所述第二目标化合物具有高TADF比例和PLQY。
如图1所示，本实施例还提供一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000016
式(3)中，所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1-1：3。
下面结合式(3)详细解释本实施例的合成方法，其包括如下步骤：
反应液配制步骤：将所述电子受体(1.09g，5mmol)；所述电子给体吩噻嗪(1.09g，5mmol)以及催化剂；醋酸钯(45mg，0.2mmol)和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.17g，0.6mmol)置于100mL的二口瓶中，在一手套箱中加入叔丁醇钠NaOt-Bu(0.58g，6mmol)，获得反应液，因为叔丁醇钠(NaOt-Bu)极易与水反应放出氢气，非常危险，故保存在氩气氛围的手套箱中，取用也是在氩气氛围下取用。
目标化合物合成步骤：提供所述反应液的反应条件，往所述手套箱中加入30mL～50mL除水除氧的甲苯，在温度为100℃-200℃的条件下充分反应，获得混合溶液，所述混合溶液中具有反应生成的第三目标化合物。
萃取步骤：将所述混合溶液冷却至室温，并倒入至100mL～300mL的冰水混合物中，用所述二氯甲烷多次萃取所述混合溶液中的第三目标化合物。
目标化合物纯化处理步骤：合并有机相，使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法进行初次纯化所 述第三目标化合物，得到纯化物，在所述硅胶柱层析方法中，所述展开剂为二氯甲烷以及正己烷，所述二氯甲烷与正己烷的体积比为2：1，分离纯化所述第三目标化合物，获得绿色粉末1.1g，产率为65％。
下面通过检测仪器对获取的所述第三目标化合物进行参数分析，分析结果包括核磁氢谱、碳谱的结果、质谱结果。其中，核磁氢谱、碳谱结果为：1H NMR(300MHz,CD2Cl2,δ):7.121-7.16(m,6H),7.00-6.97(m,2H)。
质谱结果为：MS(EI)m/z:[M]+calcd(理论值)for C17H8F2N4S,338.04；found(实验值),338.02。
元素分析的结果为：Anal.Calcd(理论值)for C17H8F2N4S:C 60.35,H 2.38,N 16.56；found(实验值):C 60.23,H 2.33,N 16.42。
本实施例通过不同官能团的搭配，合成具有显著热激活延迟荧光特性的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其合成率较高，在合成的产物中，热激活延迟荧光材料在整个合成的产物中的占比高，其光致发光量子产率高。
下面对所述第三目标化合物的特征参数进行分析，分析结果如下表(5)所示。
表(5)为所测得的第三目标化合物的最低单重态(S1)和最低三重态能级(T1)等参数：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000017
表(5)
如图2所示，第三曲线103第三目标化合物在室温下，甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱。
如图3所示，本实施例还提供一种电致发光器件，包括：一衬底层1；一空穴传输和注入层2，设于衬底层1的上表面；一发光层3，设于空穴传输和注入层2的上表面；一电子传输层4，设于发光层3的上表面；以及一阴极层5，设于电子传输层4的上表面；其中，发光层3为所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，即所述第二目标化合物。
在清洗过后的衬底层1上旋涂一层50nm的聚3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩：聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)，获得一空穴传输和注入层2，衬底层1的材质为玻璃和导电玻璃(ITO)；在空穴传输和注入层2上旋涂一层40nm的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，获得一发光层3；在高真空条件下，在发光层3上蒸镀一层40nm的1,3,5-三(3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)苯(Tm3PyPB)，获得一电子传输层4；以及在高真空条件下，在电子传输层4上蒸镀一层1nm的氟化锂和100nm的铝，获得一阴极层5，最终制成一第一电致发光器件。
器件的电流-亮度-电压特性是由带有校正过的硅光电二极管的Keithley源测量系统(Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter、Keithley 2000 Currentmeter)完成的，电致发光光谱是由法国JY公司SPEX CCD3000光谱仪测量的，所有测量均在室温大气中完成。
所述第一电致发光器件的性能数据如下表(6)所示。
表(6)为所测得的第一电致发光器件的最高电流效率、最大外量子效率等参数：
Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-000018
表(6)
利用绿光热活化延迟荧光材料制作而成的电致发光器件具有较高的发光效率和亮度，制作效率高，使用寿命长。
所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1-1：1.5时，合成的分子结构为D-A分子结构。所述D-A分子结构的热激活延迟荧光材料在整个合成的产物中的占比高，其光致发光量子产率高从而使得目标分子具有快速的反向系间窜越常数(常数数值范围在1*104/s～1*107/s)以及高的光致发光量子产率。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其中，其为由电子给体和电子受体反应合成的目标化合物，所述目标化合物为D-A分子结构；其中所述分子结构中D为电子给体，A为电子受体，所述电子受体中具有氟原子或含氟基团，所述电子受体为超低三重态能级的平面电子受体，所述目标化合物的三重态能级范围为2.0～3.0eV。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其中，
    所述电子受体的分子结构为
    Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-100001
    所述电子给体包括9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪中的至少一种。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料，其中，
    所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的D-A分子结构为以下分子结构中的一种：
    Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-100002
  4. 一种绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，其中，包括以下步骤：
    反应液配制步骤，将电子给体、电子受体以及催化剂置于反应容器中，获得反应液；
    目标化合物合成步骤，在温度为100℃-200℃的条件下充分反应， 获得混合溶液，所述混合溶液中具有反应生成的目标化合物；
    萃取步骤，将所述混合溶液冷却至室温，萃取所述混合溶液中的目标化合物；
    目标化合物纯化处理步骤，分离纯化所述目标化合物，获得绿光热活化延迟荧光材料。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，其中，所述电子受体的分子结构为
    Figure PCTCN2019072132-appb-100003
    所述电子给体选用9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪中的至少一种；
    所述催化剂包括醋酸钯、三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐以及叔丁醇钠。
  6. 如权利要求6所述的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，其中，在所述反应液配制步骤中，所述电子受体与所述电子给体的摩尔比为1：1-1：3。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，其中，所述反应液配制步骤中，先将所述醋酸钯以及所述三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐与所述电子受体、所述电子给体一起放置于所述反应容器中，再将所述反应容器放置于氩气环境中，并往所述反应容器中加入所述叔丁醇钠以及除水除氧的甲苯，得到所述反应液。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，其 中，所述萃取步骤中包括：
    将反应液倒入冰水混合物中，并加入二氯甲烷进行多次萃取，多次萃取后合并有机相，得到所述目标化合物；
    所述纯化处理目标化合物步骤中包括：
    使用展开剂，通过硅胶柱层析方法进行初次纯化所述目标化合物，得到所述绿光热活化延迟荧光材料。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的绿光热活化延迟荧光材料的合成方法，其中，所述硅胶柱层析方法中的展开剂为二氯甲烷和正已烷，所述二氯甲烷和所述正已烷的体积比为2:1。
  10. 一种电致发光器件，其中，包括
    一衬底层；
    一空穴传输和注入层，设于所述衬底层的一侧表面；
    一发光层，设于所述空穴传输和注入层远离所述衬底层的一侧表面；
    一电子传输层，设于所述发光层远离所述空穴传输和注入层的一侧表面；以及
    一阴极层，设于所述电子传输层远离所述发光层的一侧表面；
    其中，所述发光层所用材料为绿光热活化延迟荧光材料。
PCT/CN2019/072132 2018-12-05 2019-01-17 绿光热活化延迟荧光材料及其合成方法、电致发光器件 Ceased WO2020113789A1 (zh)

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