CN107629068A - 有机电致发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents
有机电致发光材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107629068A CN107629068A CN201710949096.XA CN201710949096A CN107629068A CN 107629068 A CN107629068 A CN 107629068A CN 201710949096 A CN201710949096 A CN 201710949096A CN 107629068 A CN107629068 A CN 107629068A
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- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- HJCUTNIGJHJGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dihydroacridine Chemical class C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 HJCUTNIGJHJGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005509 dibenzothiophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004305 thiazinyl group Chemical group S1NC(=CC=C1)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005331 diazinyl group Chemical class N1=NC(=CC=C1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241001062009 Indigofera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004826 dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 55
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- -1 dibenzofuranyl Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 0 CC(C)(c1c(C(CC2=CC3Cc4ccccc4)c4cc(-c5cc(-c6ccc(C(C7C=CC=CC77)c8ccccc8)c7c6)ccc5*5c6ccccc6)c5cc4)cccc1)C2=CC3c(cc1)c(C)c2c1c1ccccc1c1c2C=CCC1 Chemical compound CC(C)(c1c(C(CC2=CC3Cc4ccccc4)c4cc(-c5cc(-c6ccc(C(C7C=CC=CC77)c8ccccc8)c7c6)ccc5*5c6ccccc6)c5cc4)cccc1)C2=CC3c(cc1)c(C)c2c1c1ccccc1c1c2C=CCC1 0.000 description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001621 AMOLED Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 3
- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;bromide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Br-] NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 3
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N (1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S,19S)-6-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-12,19-difluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4[C@@H](F)C3)C)(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]2([C@@]1(C1)C(=O)CO)C)N1CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QFLWZFQWSBQYPS-AWRAUJHKSA-N (3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[5-[(3aS,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-[1-bis(4-chlorophenoxy)phosphorylbutylamino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCCCC1SC[C@@H]2NC(=O)N[C@H]12)C(C)C)P(=O)(Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1)Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1 QFLWZFQWSBQYPS-AWRAUJHKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAHFNCCKZJRSNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-bromo-10,10-dimethyl-10h-indeno[1,2-b]triphenylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=C5C(C)(C)C=C(Br)C=C5C=C4C=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZAHFNCCKZJRSNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound N=1C(Cl)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCJYRCMTHQJILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-9-phenyl-6-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=C(C=3C=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N(C=5C=CC=CC=5)C4=CC=3)C=C2C2=CC(Br)=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 LCJYRCMTHQJILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006275 3-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126657 Compound 17 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNUFLCYMSVYYNW-ZPJMAFJPSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[[(3s,5s,8r,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-disulfo Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H]1OS(O)(=O)=O LNUFLCYMSVYYNW-ZPJMAFJPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940125797 compound 12 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ARRNBPCNZJXHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;tetrabutylazanium;phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ARRNBPCNZJXHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001296 phosphorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- UXJHQQLYKUVLIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydroacridine Chemical group C1=CC=C2N=C(C=CCC3)C3=CC2=C1 UXJHQQLYKUVLIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIZMDHZLHJBNSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrophenazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2N=C(C=CCC3)C3=NC2=C1 ZIZMDHZLHJBNSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITRVPNWYQDFJGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(18,18-dimethyl-20-hexacyclo[12.11.0.02,7.08,13.016,24.017,22]pentacosa-1(25),2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,19,21,23-dodecaenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound CC1(C=C(C=C2C=C3C=C4C=5C=CC=CC5C=5C=CC=CC5C4=CC3=C12)C1=NC(=NC(=N1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C ITRVPNWYQDFJGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDBQJSCPCGTAFG-QHCPKHFHSA-N 4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[4-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxamide Chemical compound FC1(CCC(CC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN1CCC(CC1)N1C(=NN=C1C)C(C)C)C=1C=NC=CC=1)F WDBQJSCPCGTAFG-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLPAWKJLZUFLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-3-naphthalen-1-yl-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 RLPAWKJLZUFLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MATLAXFLOYGEOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)-N-[4-(4-phenylphenyl)phenyl]fluoren-2-amine Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)N(C1=CC=2C(C3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=C1)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MATLAXFLOYGEOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJQUIJSRMFTAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C12)C1=CC(=CC=C1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=2C=CC=CC12.C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C12)C1=CC(=CC=C1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=2C=CC=CC12.C1=CC=CC=C1 XJQUIJSRMFTAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FURBWLHNDXFNPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c(cc(c1ccccc1c1ccccc11)c1c1)c1-c1c2)c1cc1c2Sc(cccc2)c2N1c1nc(-c2c(cccc3)c3ccc2)cc(-c2c(cccc3)c3ccc2)n1 Chemical compound CC(C)(c(cc(c1ccccc1c1ccccc11)c1c1)c1-c1c2)c1cc1c2Sc(cccc2)c2N1c1nc(-c2c(cccc3)c3ccc2)cc(-c2c(cccc3)c3ccc2)n1 FURBWLHNDXFNPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVVLEHHITVIEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c1c2)C3=CC4=C5C=CC=CC5C(C=CC=C5)C5=C4C=C3c1cc1c2N(c2cccc(-[n]3c(c(C4(C)C)c(cc5)-c6c4cccc6)c5c4c3cccc4)c2)c2cc(cccc3)c3cc2S1 Chemical compound CC(C)(c1c2)C3=CC4=C5C=CC=CC5C(C=CC=C5)C5=C4C=C3c1cc1c2N(c2cccc(-[n]3c(c(C4(C)C)c(cc5)-c6c4cccc6)c5c4c3cccc4)c2)c2cc(cccc3)c3cc2S1 WVVLEHHITVIEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKPGKNASEABTOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c1cc(Br)ccc1-c1c2)c1cc1c2c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound CC(C)(c1cc(Br)ccc1-c1c2)c1cc1c2c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 GKPGKNASEABTOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HTRXGEPDTFSKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O.CCOC(C)=O HTRXGEPDTFSKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- SKEDXQSRJSUMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Li].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 SKEDXQSRJSUMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOXAGEOHPCXXIO-DVOMOZLQSA-N menthyl anthranilate Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N SOXAGEOHPCXXIO-DVOMOZLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002248 meradimate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000103 photoluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N po4-po4 Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical group N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver chlorate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001161 time-correlated single photon counting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001392 ultraviolet--visible--near infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机电致发光材料及其应用,所述的有机电致发光材料由具有式(1)或式(2)所示结构的化合物制成,本发明还公开了使用所述新颖材料的有机EL装置,所述装置将所述材料用作发光层的磷光发光主体、发光层的延迟荧光掺杂剂及电洞阻挡层,具有良好的性能表现,如低驱动电压、低能耗、高效率及长半衰期。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种用于有机电致发光(Organic Electroluminescence,以下简称为有机EL)装置的具有式(1)或式(2)结构的化合物及有机EL装置,所述装置使用所述化合物作为磷光发光主体、延迟荧光掺杂剂及电洞阻挡层(hole blocking layer,HBL)。
【背景技术】
一般而言,有机EL装置由位于两个电极之间的有机材料层组成,有机材料层包括电洞传输层(hole transport layer,HTL)、发光层(emitting layer,EML)、电子传输层(electron transport layer,ETL)。有机EL的基本机制包括载子的注入、载子传输、复合以及形成发光的激子。当外部电压施加到有机EL装置时,电子及电洞将分别自阴极及阳极注入,电子将从阴极注入最低未占用分子轨域(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,LUMO)中,且电洞将从阳极注入最高占用分子轨域(highest occupied molecularorbital,HOMO)中。当电子与电洞在发光层中复合时,将会形成激子并随后发光。当发光分子吸收能量以达到激发态时,根据电子及电洞自旋组合方式,而激子可处于单重态或三重态。通过重组电子及电洞形成75%的激子而达到三重激发态。从三重态的衰减为自旋禁阻,因此,荧光电致发光装置仅具有25%的内部量子效率。与荧光电致发光装置相反,磷光有机EL装置利用自旋轨域交互作用来促进单重态与三重态之间的系统间跨越,从而获得单重态和三重态的发射以及从25%到100%的电致发光组件内部量子效率。自旋轨域交互作用由一些重原子完成,比如,铱、铑、铂、钯,且可从有机金属复合物的激发金属配位基电荷转移(metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition,MLCT)状态来观察磷光跃迁。
近来,安达(Adachi)及同事(2012年)已开发热活化型延迟荧光(thermallyactivated delayed fluorescence,TADF)机制,并将其整合至新型荧光有机EL装置,其通过在单重态及三重态间使用具有较小能量间隙的材料得到的逆向系统间跨越(reverseintersystem crossing,RISC)机制,将自旋禁阻的三重态激子转化为单重态而获得高效率的激子。然而,于高电流密度中仍需要进一步提高有机EL装置的发光效率。
磷光有机EL利用三重态激子和单重态激子。由于与单重态激子相比,三重态激子的寿命更长且飘移距离更远,磷光有机EL通常在发光层(EML)与电子传输层(ETL)之间需要附加电洞阻挡层(HBL),或需要具有电洞阻挡能力的电子传输层(HBETL)来替代一般的ETL。使用HBL或HBETL的目的是将注入的电洞与电子的复合以及所产生激子的弛豫局限在EML内,藉此可提高装置的效率。为了满足所述目标,电洞阻挡材料需具有适于阻挡电洞从EML向ETL传输及适于从ETL向EML传送电子的最高占用分子轨域(HOMO)及最低未占用分子轨域(LUMO)能阶,另外,还需要良好的材料热稳定性及电化学稳定性。
对于主动矩阵有机发光二极管(active-matrix organic light-emittingdiode,AMOLED)或有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode,OLED)为发光面板的全彩平板显示器来说,使用于发光层中磷光掺杂剂材料的半衰期、效率及驱动电压方面仍无法令人满意。这些有机金属复合物对于产业实施的用途来说仍具有劣势。由于减少了对外部发射无益的垂直发射偶极比率,并且水平发射偶极的辐射模式通常较适于光输出耦合,所以具有优先平面(水平)发光偶极的磷光掺杂剂对于OLED的光输出耦合是有益的。因此,具有适当取代基的发射体可有助于提高OLED发射层中的水平发射偶极比率。同时,发射体周围的适当取代基可有效地阻挡附近的电子及电洞,以便电子和电洞可轻易在发射体中重组,且可提高OLED的效率。
还需要能够有效传输电子或电洞并阻挡电洞的有机EL材料,同时需要具有良好的热稳定性及高发射效率的高效EML材料。根据上述原因,本发明的目的为解决现有技术的这些问题,并提供一种发光装置,其在热稳定性、高发光效率、高亮度及长半衰期上表现极佳。本发明揭露一种具有式(1)或式(2)所示结构的新颖化合物,其用作磷光发光主体、延迟荧光掺杂剂、或电洞阻挡层(HBL),所述这些层具有良好的电荷载子迁移率,且极佳的操作耐用性可降低有机EL装置的驱动电压和能耗、提高有机EL装置的效率并延长其半衰期。
【发明内容】
本发明提供一种可用作有机EL裝置的磷光发光主体、延迟荧光掺杂剂、或电洞阻挡层(HBL)的新颖材料及其用于有机EL装置的用途。所述材料克服了现有材料的缺点,如半衰期较短、效率较低及能耗较高。
本发明的目的是提供可用作有机EL装置的电洞阻挡层(HBL)材料及可有效限制激子传输至电子传输层的新颖材料。
本发明的目的是提供可用作有机EL装置的磷光主体材料或发光层的延迟荧光掺杂剂并提高效率及延长半衰期的新颖材料。
本发明具有产业应用的经济优点。因此,本发明揭露了可用于有机EL装置的材料。所述材料由下式(1)或式(2)所示结构的化合物制成:
其中,p表示0到8的整数,X分别表示选自O、S、C(R2)(R3)、N(R4)及Si(R5)(R6)其中之一的原子或基团的二价桥,Z分别表示选自C(R7)(R8)、N(R9)、Si(R10)(R11)及C=O其中之一的基团的二价桥,Ar表示氢原子或稠合碳环(fused carbocyclic ring);A选自氢原子、具有6到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基(aryl group)、及具有3到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基(heteroaryl group)其中之一,且其中A表示经取代或未经取代的咔唑基(carbazolyl group)、经取代或未经取代的双咔唑基(biscarbazolyl group)、经取代或未经取代的二苯并呋喃基(dibenzofuranyl group)、经取代或未经取代的二苯并苯硫基(dibenzothiophenyl group)、经取代或未经取代的三嗪基(triazinyl group)、经取代或未经取代的二嗪基(diazinyl group)、经取代或未经取代的吡啶基(pyridinyl group)、经取代或未经取代的喹啉基(quinoline group)、经取代或未经取代的异喹啉基(isoquinolinegroup)、经取代或未经取代的喹唑啉基(quinazoline group)、经取代或未经取代的啡啉基(phenanthroline group)、经取代或未经取代的二氢吖啶基(dihydroacridine group)、经取代或未经取代的啡噻嗪基(phenothiazine group)、经取代或未经取代的啡恶嗪基(phenoxazine group)、或经取代或未经取代的二氢啡嗪基(dihydrophenazine group);R1至R11分别选自由氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基(alkyl group)、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基(arylgroup)、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基(aralkyl group)、及具有3到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基(heteroaryl group)其中之一。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明的有机EL装置的示意图。
【符号简单说明】:
6 透明电极
7 电洞注入层
8 电洞传输层
9 电子阻挡层
10 发光层
11 电洞阻挡层
12 电子传输层
13 电子注入层
14 金属电极
【具体实施方式】
本发明研究的是材料及使用所述材料的有机EL装置。下面将详细说明生产、结构及组成部份,以使对本发明的理解更充分。本发明的应用显然不受限于本领域技术人员熟知的具体细节。另一方面,众所周知的一般组成成分和程序不作详细说明,以避免对本发明造成不必要的限制。现在将在下面更详细地介绍本发明的一些优选实施例。然而,应该了解,除了详细描述的实施例之外,本发明还可实施于各式各样的其他实施例中,也就是说,本发明还可广泛地应用于其他实施例,且本发明的范围没有明确的限制,除随附申请专利权利范围限定的内容。
在本发明的第一实施例中,揭示了可用作有机EL装置的磷光发光主体、延迟荧光掺杂剂及电洞阻挡层(HBL)的材料。所述材料由下式(1)或式(2)所示结构的化合物制成:
其中,p表示0到8的整数,X分别表示选自O、S、C(R2)(R3)、N(R4)及Si(R5)(R6)其中之一的原子或基团的二价桥,Z分别表示选自C(R7)(R8)、N(R9)、Si(R10)(R11)及C=O其中之一的基团的二价桥,Ar表示氢原子或稠合碳环;A选自氢原子、具有6到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、及具有3到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一,且其中A表示经取代或未经取代的咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的双咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并呋喃基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并苯硫基、经取代或未经取代的三嗪基、经取代或未经取代的二嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吡啶基、经取代或未经取代的喹啉基、经取代或未经取代的异喹啉基、经取代或未经取代的喹唑啉基、经取代或未经取代的啡啉基、经取代或未经取代的二氢吖啶基、经取代或未经取代的啡噻嗪基、经取代或未经取代的啡恶嗪基、或经取代或未经取代的二氢啡嗪基;R1至R11分别选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一。
根据上述式(1)或式(2),其中A由下式(3)至式(6)其中之一表示:
其中,L1至L4表示单键、具有6到30个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代伸芳基(arylene group)或具有3到30个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂伸芳基(heterarylenegroup),m表示0到4的整数,n表示0或1的整数,Y1至Y3分别表示选自O、S、C(R17)(R18)及N(R19)其中之一的原子或基团的二价桥,Z1至Z6表示氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs表示氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、或具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基;R12至R19分别选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一。
在本实施例中,所述化合物选自具有以下结构的化合物其中之一:
本发明中材料的详细制备由示例性实施例阐明,但本发明不限于示例性实施例。实施例1至实施例6展示本发明中材料的一些实施例的制备。实施例7展示有机EL装置的制作及有机EL装置的I-V-B、半衰期测试报告。
实施例1化合物5的合成
1)中间体A的合成:
混合5.0g(11.8mmol)12-溴-10,10-二甲基-10氢-茚并[1,2-b]联伸三苯(12-bromo-10,10-dimethyl-10H-indeno[1,2-b]triphenylene)、2.0g(13.0mmol)2-胺基苯甲酸甲酯(2-aminobenzoate)、0.13g(0.59mmol)乙酸钯(Pd(OAc)2)、0.17g(0.59mmol)四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate)、3.9g(17.7mmol)叔丁醇钠(sodium tert-butoxide)、50ml甲苯(toluene),除气并放置在氮气中,随后在110℃加热16h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。有机层使用二氯甲烷(Dichloromethane,DCM)及水萃取,使用无水硫酸镁(MgSO4)干燥,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到产物(3.2g,产率:56%)。
2)中间体B的合成:
在氮气中,于无水四氢呋喃(Tetrahydrofuran,THF)中搅拌3.2g(6.6mmol)中间体A,并缓慢滴入甲基溴化镁(methyl magnesium bromide)(4.6当量)。在室温下搅拌混合物16h。反应完成后,缓慢加入蒸馏水,使用乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)来萃取混合物,使用水来清洗。有机层使用二氯甲烷及水萃取,使用无水MgSO4干燥,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到产物(1g,产率:32%)。
3)中间体C的合成:
混合3g(6.0mmol)中间体B及过量的磷酸(phosphoric acid)溶剂(100ml),在室温下搅拌。搅拌混合物超过16h后,缓慢加入蒸馏水(100-150ml)。搅拌混合物0.5到1小时,过滤沉淀的固体。使用氢氧化钠(sodium hydroxide)水溶液及二氯甲烷溶剂萃取过滤的固体,使用硫酸镁从有机层中除去水分。随后移除残留溶剂,得到中间体C(2g,产率:72%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):475.6。
4)化合物5的合成:
将中间体C(2g,4.2mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(Dimethylformamide,DMF)溶液(30ml)缓慢加入氢化钠(NaH)(60%在油中)(0.84g,21.0mmol)的DMF溶液(30ml)中。在冰浴下,将2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2.2g,8.4mmol)(2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine)加入混合物中,随后在室温下搅拌。30分钟后,将反应混合物倒入水中,得到固体。所得固体使用升华纯化,得到化合物5(0.7g,产率:40%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):706.8。
实施例2化合物11的合成
混合2.0g(4.2mmol)中间体C、2.4g(6.3mmol)2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine)、0.07g(0.3mmol)Pd(OAc)2、0.09g(0.3mmol)四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(tri-tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate)、0.9g(9.46mmol)叔丁醇钠、50ml甲苯,除气并放置在氮气中,随后在120℃加热16h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。有机层使用二氯甲烷及水萃取,使用无水MgSO4干燥,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到化合物11(1.9g,产率:55%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):783.0。
实施例3化合物17的合成
混合2.0g(4.2mmol)中间体C、3.5g(6.3mmol)6-溴-9,9’-二苯基-9氢,9’氢-3,3’-二咔唑(6-bromo-9,9’-diphenyl-9H,9’H-3,3’-bicarbazole)、0.07g(0.3mmol)Pd(OAc)2、0.09g(0.3mmol)四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(tri-tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate)、0.9g(9.46mmol)叔丁醇钠、50ml甲苯,除气并放置在氮气中,随后在120℃加热16h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。有机层使用二氯甲烷及水萃取,使用无水MgSO4干燥,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到化合物17(1.9g,产率:48%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):957.8。
实施例4化合物6的合成
1)中间体D的合成:
混合5.0g(11.8mmol)12-溴-10,10-二甲基-10氢-茚并[1,2-b]联伸三苯(12-bromo-10,10-dimethyl-10H-indeno[1,2-b]triphenylene)、2.6g(13.0mmol)3-胺基-2-萘甲酸甲酯(methyl 3-amino-2-naphthoate)、0.13g(0.59mmol)Pd(OAc)2、0.17g(0.59mmol)四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate)、3.9g(17.7mmol)叔丁醇钠、80ml甲苯,除气并放置在氮气中,随后在110℃加热16h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。有机层使用二氯甲烷及水萃取,使用无水MgSO4干燥,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到产物(3.2g,产率:51%)。
2)中间体E的合成:
在氮气中,于无水THF中搅拌3.2g(5.8mmol)中间体D,并缓慢滴入甲基溴化镁(4.6当量)。在室温下搅拌混合物16h。反应完成后,缓慢加入蒸馏水,使用乙酸乙酯来萃取混合物,使用水来清洗。有机层使用二氯甲烷及水萃取,使用无水MgSO4干燥,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到产物(1.1g,产率:36%)。
3)中间体F的合成
混合1.1g(2.1mmol)中间体E及过量的磷酸溶剂(66ml),在室温下搅拌。搅拌混合物超过16h后,缓慢加入蒸馏水(~120ml)。搅拌混合物1小时,过滤沉淀的固体。使用氢氧化钠水溶液及二氯甲烷溶剂萃取过滤的固体,使用硫酸镁从有机层中除去水分。随后移除残留溶剂,得到中间体F(0.8g,产率:76%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):526.1。
4)化合物6的合成
将中间体F(1g,1.9mmol)的DMF溶液(30ml)缓慢加入NaH(60%在油中)(0.38g,9.8mmol)的DMF溶液(30ml)中。在冰浴下,将2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(1.5g,5.7mmol)(2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine)加入混合物中,随后在室温下搅拌。30分钟后,将反应混合物倒入水中,得到固体。所得固体使用升华纯化,得到化合物6(0.6g,产率:42%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):756.5。
实施例5化合物12的合成
混合2.2g(4.2mmol)中间体F、2.4g(6.3mmol)2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine)、0.07g(0.3mmol)Pd(OAc)2、0.09g(0.3mmol)四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(tri-tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate)、0.9g(9.46mmol)叔丁醇钠、50ml甲苯,除气并放置在氮气中,随后在120℃加热16h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。有机层使用二氯甲烷及水萃取,使用无水MgSO4除去水份,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到产物。所得固体使用升华纯化,得到化合物12(1.6g,产率:48%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):832.9。
实施例6化合物18的合成
混合2.2g(4.2mmol)中间体F、3.5g(6.3mmol)6-溴-9,9’-二苯基-9氢,9’氢-3,3’-二咔唑(6-bromo-9,9’-diphenyl-9H,9’H-3,3’-bicarbazole)、0.07g(0.3mmol)Pd(OAc)2、0.09g(0.3mmol)四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦(tri-tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate)、0.9g(9.46mmol)叔丁醇钠、50ml甲苯,除气并放置在氮气中,随后在120℃加热16h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。有机层使用二氯甲烷及水萃取,使用无水MgSO4干燥,移除溶剂并通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到产物。所得固体使用升华纯化,得到化合物18(1.7g,产率:41%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):1007.9。
延迟荧光化合物的光物理特性的测量方法:
光物理特征:合成的化合物在高真空下通过温度梯度进行纯化,随后用在之后的研究中。通过在基础压力<10-6torr的真空室中以1-2A/sec的速率于石英基材上热蒸发来制备用于检测光物理特征的薄膜。所得薄膜及稀释溶液的吸收光谱由UV-vis-NIR分光亮度仪(UV-1650PC,Shimadzu)检测。光激荧光(Photoluminescence,PL)光谱、冷光量子吸收量(photoluminescence quantum yields,PLQYs)及磷光光谱由荧光分光亮度仪(FluoroMax-P,Horiba Jobin Yvon Inc.)检测。薄膜或稀释溶液的PLQYs使用配备校准积分球的所述荧光分光亮度仪来检测。使用选定的单色激发光来激发位于校准积分球中的激发样本。通过对比单色激发光及PL发射的光谱强度,测定PL量子吸收量。通过配有微秒闪光灯作为脉冲激发光源的荧光分光亮度仪在77K(液氮温度)下检测薄膜或稀释溶液的磷光光谱。在发射光谱的脉冲激发及收集之间插入10-ms延迟时间。通过使用具有荧光寿命系统(FluoroCube,Horiba Jobin Yvon Inc.)及来自UV发光二极管的奈秒脉冲光激发(300nm)的时间相关单光子计数技术监控PL峰值波长处的强度衰减来量测时间解析PL(PL衰减曲线)。将样本放置在具有温度控制的真空低温恒温室中。使用在发射光谱的脉冲激发与收集之间具有200-ns延迟时间及10-ns延迟时间的相同荧光寿命系统来收集PL光谱的瞬时成份及延迟成份。电化学特征:使用CHI619B恒电位仪的循环伏安法来量测氧化/还原电位。通过使用0.1M n-Bu4NPF6(TBAPF6)在CH2Cl2中作为支持电解质,扫描速率为100mV s-1,藉由循环伏安法测定氧化电位。通过使用0.1M n-Bu4NClO4(TBAP)在DMF中作为支持电解质,扫描速率为100mVs-1,记录还原电位。使用包含银/氯化银(Ag/AgCl)、铂金线及玻璃碳电极分别作为参考、计数及工作电极的标准3-电极电池。以Ag/AgCl(饱和)作为参考电极记录所有电位。使用校准积分球测量系统以Ag/AgCl(饱和)收集总发射通量时,二茂铁/二茂铁离子(Fc/Fc+)氧化还原对在CH2Cl2/TBAPF6中的氧化发生于E’o=+0.47V,且二茂铁/二茂铁离子(Fc/Fc+)氧化还原对在DMF/TBAP中的还原发生于E”o=+0.51V。
生产有机EL装置的一般方法:
提供阻值为9~12奥姆/平方(ohm/square)及厚度为120~160nm的ITO涂层玻璃并在超音波浴(例如洗涤剂、去离子水)中进行多步骤清洗。在气相沉积有机层之前,通过紫外光(UV)和臭氧进一步处理清洗后的ITO基板。ITO基板的所有预处理制程皆在洁净室(100级)内进行。
通过高真空设备(10-7Torr)的气相沉积将这些有机层依次涂布于ITO基板上,比如:电阻加热石英舟。每层的厚度和气相沉积速率(0.1~0.3nm/sec)由石英晶体监视器来精确监控或设定。如上所述,还可以使单个层包含多于一种化合物,即通常是主体材料掺杂有掺杂材料。此可通过来自两个或更多个来源的共蒸发来实现。
在所述有机EL装置中,使用二吡嗪并[2,3-f:2,3-]喹恶啉-2,3,6,7,10,11-六腈(dipyrazino[2,3-f:2,3-]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile)(HAT-CN)作为电洞注入层,且N,N-二(萘-1-基)-N,N-双(苯基)-联苯胺(N,N-Bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N-bis(phenyl)-benzidine)(NPB)广泛用作电洞传输层,N-(联苯-4-基)-9,9-二甲基-N-(4’-苯基联苯-4-基)-9氢-茀-2-胺(N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4’-phenylbiphenyl-4-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine)(EB2)用作电子阻挡层,且化学结构如下所示:
在本发明中,使用下式的磷光发光主体与本发明的实施例1至实施例6进行比较:
其中,X是选自O、S、C(R8)2、N(R9)及Si(R10)2其中之一的原子或基团的二价桥,m表示0到4的整数,n表示0到8的整数,R1至R4及R8至R10分别选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到20个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、或具有3到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基;其中磷光发光主体选自具有以下结构的化合物其中之一:
在本发明中,另一种适用于与本发明的实施例1至实施例6共同沉积的磷光发光主体H4至H8具有下式所示的结构:
将1,3-二(9氢-咔唑-9-基)苯(1,3-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene)(mCP)用作发光层的延迟荧光主体并掺杂实施例1至实施例6用于本发明的有机EL装置。
有机铱复合物广泛用作发光层的磷光掺杂剂,而Ir(ppy)3广泛用作发光层的磷光掺杂剂,用于掺入本发明的磷光发光主体中。
HB3(参见下面的化学结构)用作电洞阻挡材料(HBM),且2-(10,10-二甲基-10氢-茚并[2,1-b]联伸三苯-12-基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2-(10,10-dimethyl-10H-indeno[2,1-b]triphenylen-12-yl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine)(ET2)用作电子传输材料,以在有机EL装置中与8-羟基喹啉-锂(8-hydroxyquinolato-lithium)(LiQ)共沉积。本发明中用于制作标准有机EL装置对照与比较材料的其他现有技术OLED材料的化学结构如下所示:
有机EL装置一般包含通过热蒸发作为阴极的低功函数金属,比如,Al、Mg、Ca、Li及K,且所述低功函数金属可有助于电子从阴极注入电子传输层。另外,在阴极及电子传输层之间引入薄膜电子注入层,用于减少电子注入障碍并提高有机EL装置性能。习知的电子注入层材料为具有低功函数的金属卤化物或金属氧化物,比如:LiF、LiQ、MgO或Li2O。另一方面,在制作有机EL装置之后,通过使用PR650光谱扫描光谱仪量测EL光谱及CIE坐标。此外,电流/电压、发光/电压及产率/电压特性都使用吉时利(Keithley)2400可编程电压电流源来检测。在室温(约25℃)及大气压下操作上述设备。
实施例7
使用与上述一般方法类似的程序制作具有下列装置结构的磷光发光有机EL装置(参见图1)。有机EL装置包含透明电极6与金属电极14,其间依序分别为沉积在透明电极6上的电洞注入层7、沉积在电洞注入层7上的电洞传输层8、沉积在电洞传输层8上的电子阻挡层9、沉积在电子阻挡层9上的发光层10、沉积在发光层10上的电洞阻挡层11、沉积在电洞阻挡层11上的电子传输层12、沉积在电子传输层12上的电子注入层13,并且金属电极14沉积在电子注入层13上。装置:ITO/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(110nm)/EB2(5nm)/掺杂12%磷光发光掺杂剂的发光主体(30nm)/HBM(10nm)/ET2掺杂45%LiQ(35nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm),而且制作具有下列装置结构的延迟荧光装置(参见图1)。装置:ITO/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(110nm)/EB2(5nm)/掺杂20%延迟荧光化合物的mCP(25nm)/HBM(10nm)/ET2掺杂45%LiQ(35nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm)。(HBM=电洞阻挡材料)磷光发光有机EL装置和延迟荧光装置的I-V-B(于1000nits亮度时)和半衰期测试报告如表1所示。T70定义为3000cd/m2的初始亮度降至2100cd/m2的时间(小时)。
表1
在上述较佳实施例的有机EL装置测试报告(参见表1)中,我们证明了本发明中具有式(1)或式(2)所示结构化合物的材料用作磷光发光主体及电洞阻挡材料展现出比现有技术的OLED材料更良好的性能。另外,用作延迟荧光掺杂剂的C5、C6和C11与mCP共沉积可表现出良好的效率,达到28cd/A。
总而言之,本发明揭露了可用于有机EL装置的材料。更具体地,揭露了使用所述材料作为磷光发光主体、延迟荧光掺杂剂及电洞阻挡层(HBL)的有机EL装置。所述材料由下式(1)或式(2)所示结构的化合物制成:
其中,p表示0到8的整数,X分别表示选自O、S、C(R2)(R3)、N(R4)及Si(R5)(R6)其中之一的原子或基团的二价桥,Z分别表示选自C(R7)(R8)、N(R9)、Si(R10)(R11)及C=O其中之一的基团的二价桥,Ar表示氢原子或稠合碳环;A选自氢原子、具有6到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、及具有3到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一,且其中A表示经取代或未经取代的咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的双咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并呋喃基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并苯硫基、经取代或未经取代的三嗪基、经取代或未经取代的二嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吡啶基、经取代或未经取代的喹啉基、经取代或未经取代的异喹啉基、经取代或未经取代的喹唑啉基、经取代或未经取代的啡啉基、经取代或未经取代的二氢吖啶基、经取代或未经取代的啡噻嗪基、经取代或未经取代的啡恶嗪基、或经取代或未经取代的二氢啡嗪基;R1至R11分别选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一。
鉴于上述教示显然可以作出许多的修改及变化。因此,应该了解,在随附申请专利范围的范围内,本发明可以除本文具体所述方式之外的其他方式来进行实践。虽然,本文已示出并说明了具体实施例,但对于本领域技术人员来说,可在不偏离旨在单独由随附申请专利范围限制的那些情况下,对本发明作出许多修改。
Claims (14)
1.一种化合物,其特征在于,具有下列式(1)或式(2)所示的结构:
其中,p表示0到8的整数,X分别表示选自O、S、C(R2)(R3)、N(R4)及Si(R5)(R6)其中之一的原子或基团的二价桥,Z分别表示选自C(R7)(R8)、N(R9)、Si(R10)(R11)及C=O其中之一的基团的二价桥,Ar表示氢原子或稠合碳环;A选自氢原子、具有6到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、及具有3到60个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一,且其中A表示经取代或未经取代的咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的双咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并呋喃基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并苯硫基、经取代或未经取代的三嗪基、经取代或未经取代的二嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吡啶基、经取代或未经取代的喹啉基、经取代或未经取代的异喹啉基、经取代或未经取代的喹唑啉基、经取代或未经取代的啡啉基、经取代或未经取代的二氢吖啶基、经取代或未经取代的啡噻嗪基、经取代或未经取代的啡恶嗪基或经取代或未经取代的二氢啡嗪基;R1至R11分别选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,其中所述A由下式(3)至式(6)其中之一表示:
其中,L1至L4表示单键、具有6到30个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代伸芳基(arylenegroup)或具有3到30个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂伸芳基(heteroarylene group),m表示0到4的整数,n表示0或1的整数,Y1至Y3分别表示选自O、S、C(R17)(R18)及N(R19)其中之一的原子或基团的二价桥,Z1至Z6表示氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs表示氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、或具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基;R12至R19分别选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3到30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基其中之一。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,其中所述化合物选自具有以下结构的化合物其中之一:
4.一种有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包含由阴极及阳极组成的一电极对,且所述电极对之间至少包含一发光层、及一层或多层有机薄膜层,其中所述发光层或所述有机薄膜层包含如权利要求1-3任一项所述的化合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)或式(2)结构的所述化合物的所述发光层为一磷光主体材料。
6.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)或式(2)结构的所述化合物的所述发光层为一延迟荧光主体材料。
7.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)或式(2)结构的所述化合物的所述发光层为一延迟荧光掺杂材料。
8.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)或式(2)结构的所述化合物的所述有机薄膜层为一电洞阻挡材料。
9.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)或式(2)结构的所述化合物的所述有机薄膜层为一电子传输材料。
10.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述发光层发射红色磷光、蓝色磷光、绿色磷光、或黄色磷光。
11.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述发光层发射红色延迟荧光、蓝色延迟荧光、绿色延迟荧光、或黄色延迟荧光。
12.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述装置为一有机发光装置。
13.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述装置为一发光面板。
14.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述装置为一背光面板。
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