WO2020071444A1 - 淡水産微細藻類の培養方法 - Google Patents
淡水産微細藻類の培養方法Info
- Publication number
- WO2020071444A1 WO2020071444A1 PCT/JP2019/038975 JP2019038975W WO2020071444A1 WO 2020071444 A1 WO2020071444 A1 WO 2020071444A1 JP 2019038975 W JP2019038975 W JP 2019038975W WO 2020071444 A1 WO2020071444 A1 WO 2020071444A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- culture
- microalgae
- ion concentration
- haploid
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for culturing freshwater microalgae.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a saltwater-resistant microalgae produced in freshwater and a salt-resistant microalgae produced in freshwater produced by the method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a freshwater microalgae suitable for outdoor mass cultivation, particularly for outdoor mass cultivation in seawater, and a method for producing the same.
- Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-187763, filed on October 2, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- microalgae have a higher carbon dioxide fixation capacity than terrestrial plants, and do not compete with the growing place for agricultural products, some species are cultured in large quantities, and feed, functional food, cosmetic materials It is used industrially as such. Industrial use of microalgae is limited to expensive functional foods and the like from the viewpoint of cost and the like. In order to suppress the production cost of microalgae and promote industrial use, mass cultivation outdoors is preferred. Outdoor large-scale cultivation has features such as easy management, but has the risk of contamination, is directly affected by the external environment, and also has a problem of invasion of algae predators.
- microalgae to be mass-cultured outdoors must be resistant to environmental fluctuations (light, temperature, etc.), be cultivable under conditions where other organisms cannot survive, and grow to high density. Conditions such as being possible are required. For this reason, up to the present, only a few species, such as Chlorella, Euglena, Dunaliella, and Spirulina, have been practically used in industry. These algal species have been successfully mass-cultured outdoors, and are used as raw materials for functional foods and supplements.
- Patent Literature 1 describes a method for producing an oil or fat component, which comprises culturing a salt-tolerant algae in a medium in which the salt concentration is increased stepwise. In the method described in Patent Document 1, when the nitrate content in the medium is measured at a wavelength of 220 nm, when the content becomes 10 mg / L or less, the salt concentration in the second step is increased.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses that, in culturing alga Pseudochoricytis ellipsoida, which inhabits freshwater and has a hydrocarbon-producing ability, the cultivation is started in order to increase the productivity of the hydrocarbon-producing ability. It is disclosed that a salt is added to the medium after the time until the optical density of the medium reaches half the optical density indicating the saturation state.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that in culture of the genus Crypthecodinium that produces docosahexaenoic acid, in order to accumulate docosahexaenoic acid in algae, the salt concentration of the culture solution is adjusted to a salt concentration suitable for the growth of the algae.
- Patent Literatures 1 to 3 A method of culturing while setting the value to 0.1 to 10% by weight higher is disclosed.
- the methods described in Patent Literatures 1 to 3 are intended to increase the hydrocarbon-producing ability and docosahexaenoic acid-producing ability by applying salt stress to microalgae, and to suppress the contamination risk in outdoor culture. Not something.
- Cyanidiophyceae which is a single-cell primitive red algae, grow preferentially in sulfate acid hot springs.
- the genus Ideugome includes the genus Cyanidioschizon, the genus Cyanidium, and the genus Galderia.
- Cyanidioschizon melolae belonging to the genus Cyanidioschizon does not have a strong cell wall.
- Cyanidiosisone merolae is composed of a very simple set of organelles, and the genome sequence has been completely decoded. Therefore, it has been used as a model organism for basic research on photosynthetic organisms, and development of genetic modification techniques has been advanced (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Freshwater eosinophilic microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome can grow in an acidic environment where other organisms cannot grow, and are suitable for outdoor culture. If these microalgae can be given high salt concentration tolerance, they can be cultured in an acidic and high salt concentration environment, and the risk of contamination during outdoor culture is further reduced. In addition, if seawater can be used for culturing, culturing costs can be reduced.
- the present invention provides a method for culturing freshwater microalgae which can satisfactorily grow freshwater microalgae in a low pH and high sodium ion concentration environment, and can satisfactorily grow in a low pH and high sodium ion concentration environment. It is an object to provide a freshwater microalgae and a method for producing the freshwater microalgae.
- the present invention includes the following aspects.
- a method for culturing microalgae wherein a freshwater microalgae is cultured in a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M.
- a method for culturing freshwater microalgae comprising a culturing step of culturing at 15-60 ° C.
- a method for culturing freshwater microalgae wherein the freshwater microalgae is cultured in a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M.
- the pre-culture step and the freshwater microalgae after the pre-culture step the sodium ion concentration is 1.2 to 5 times the sodium ion concentration in the pre-culture step and the hydrogen ion concentration is pH 1.0 to 6.0.
- the method for culturing freshwater microalgae according to [1], comprising: a main culturing step of culturing the medium in a medium prepared so that [3] The medium according to [1] or [2], wherein the medium in the main culturing step is a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more. Culture method of freshwater microalgae.
- the medium according to [1] or [2], wherein the medium in the main culture step is a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.4 M or more.
- the medium in the main culturing step is a medium prepared by adding at least a nitrogen-containing salt, a phosphorus-containing salt, and an iron-containing salt to seawater and adjusting to a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0.
- Freshwater microalgae that cannot grow on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more were prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M.
- a haploid microalga belonging to the class Ideugome which is a M-Allen medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 2.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M.
- the culture temperature is 42 ° C.
- the carbon dioxide concentration is M prepared so that the value calculated by the following formula (1) when cultured statically for 7 days with continuous light of 2% and illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s was 2 or more and the hydrogen ion concentration was pH 2.0.
- a haploid of the microalga belonging to the class Ideugome according to any one of [10] to [12] is added to seawater with at least a nitrogen-containing salt, a phosphorus-containing salt, and an iron-containing salt,
- a method for culturing haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome comprising culturing in a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0.
- the value calculated by the following formula (1) when the culture is allowed to stand for 7 days in a continuous light having a culture temperature of 42 ° C., a carbon dioxide concentration of 2%, and an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s in an M-Allen medium prepared as follows. Culturing a haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome, wherein is less than 2, in a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.4 M or more. Method of culturing freshwater microalgae.
- a method of culturing freshwater microalgae which can satisfactorily grow freshwater microalgae in a low pH and high sodium ion concentration environment, and which can be satisfactorily grown in a low pH and high sodium ion concentration environment.
- a freshwater microalgae and a method for producing the freshwater microalgae are provided.
- Cyanidium sp. HKN1 (haploid) was pre-cultured on M-Allen medium (MA medium), and then MA medium, a medium containing 0.3 M NaCl added to MA medium (MA + 0.3 M NaCl medium), or MA medium Curves of the main culture in the medium (MA + 0.5M NaCl medium) supplemented with 0.5M NaCl, and the pre-culture in the MA + 0.3M NaCl medium followed by the growth in the main culture of MA + 0.5M NaCl medium it is a graph showing the curve (time course of OD 750). It is a graph which shows the growth curve when Cyanidium sp.
- HKN1 (haploid) is pre-cultured in MA + 0.3M NaCl medium and then main-cultured in seawater medium or MA + 0.5M NaCl medium.
- Shianijiumu sp HKN1 a (haploid) were precultured in MA + 0.3 M NaCl medium is a graph showing the OD 750 after 7 days the culture in sea water medium pH 2 ⁇ 7.
- Cyanidium sp. HKN1 (diploid) was pre-cultured in MA medium, and then subjected to main culture in MA medium, MA + 0.3 M NaCl medium or MA + 0.5 M NaCl medium, and growth curve in MA + 0.3 M NaCl medium.
- HKN1 diploid in MA medium, MA medium + 0.5M NaCl medium, and seawater medium. It is a graph which shows the growth curve when Cyanidium sp. HKN1 (haploid) is cultured in 10 L of seawater medium. 1 shows a molecular phylogenetic tree of microalgae belonging to the genus Ideugome based on the chloroplast ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene. The local bootstrap value by the maximum likelihood method (only described above 50, left) and the posterior probability by the Bayes method (only described above 0.95, right) are shown near each branch.
- MA medium means M-Allen medium. Specifically, it means a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted using sulfuric acid so that the hydrogen ion concentration becomes pH 1.0 to 6.0. When simply described as “MA medium” or “M-Allen medium”, it means a medium to which NaCl has not been added. “M-Allen medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 2.0” means an MA medium to which pH 2.0 has been adjusted and to which NaCl has not been added.
- MA medium + 0.3M NaCl medium means an MA medium adjusted to have a NaCl concentration of 0.3M. Specifically, it means a medium having the composition shown in Table 4 and adjusted with sulfuric acid so that the hydrogen ion concentration becomes pH 1.0 to 6.0.
- the “M-Allen medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 2.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.3 M” means a MA + 0.3 M NaCl medium adjusted to have a pH of 2.0.
- MA + 0.5M NaCl medium means a MA medium adjusted to have a NaCl concentration of 0.5M. Specifically, it means a medium having the composition shown in Table 5 and adjusted with sulfuric acid so that the hydrogen ion concentration becomes pH 1.0 to 6.0.
- M-Allen medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 2.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M means a MA + 0.5 M NaCl medium adjusted to have a pH of 2.0.
- the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) can be any value in the range of pH 1.0 to 6.0 unless otherwise specified.
- M used for the concentration of a component in a medium represents “mol / L”.
- the present invention provides a method for culturing freshwater microalgae.
- the culture method of the present embodiment is a method in which freshwater microalgae are cultured in a medium prepared so that the hydrogen ion concentration is pH 1.0 to 6.0 and the sodium ion concentration is 0.1 to 0.4 M, and the culture temperature is 15 to 60. Culturing at °C.
- the culturing method includes a pre-culturing step of culturing a freshwater microalgae in a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M;
- the freshwater microalgae after the step is cultured in a medium prepared so that the sodium ion concentration is 1.2 to 5 times the sodium ion concentration in the pre-culture step and the hydrogen ion concentration is pH 1.0 to 6.0.
- a main culturing step includes a pre-culturing step of culturing a freshwater microalgae in a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M;
- the freshwater microalgae after the step is cultured in a medium prepared so that the sodium ion concentration is 1.2 to 5 times the sodium ion concentration in the pre-culture step and the hydrogen ion concentration is pH
- the culturing method of the present embodiment is characterized in that before the main culture in the acidic medium with a high salt concentration, the preculture is performed in an acidic medium with a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M. I do. By performing such pre-culture, even freshwater microalgae having no salt tolerance can be satisfactorily grown in a medium having a high salt concentration comparable to that of seawater.
- the sodium ion concentration and the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of the medium in the pre-culture step mean the sodium ion concentration and the pH at the start of the culture in the pre-culture step, respectively.
- the medium at the start of the preculture step has a “sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M” and a “pH of 1.0 to 6.0”, the sodium ion concentration or pH fluctuates during the preculture period. Even if the value falls outside the above range, it is included in the pre-culture step of the culture method of the present embodiment.
- the sodium ion concentration and the pH of the medium in the main culture step mean the sodium ion concentration and the pH at the start of the culture in the main culture step, respectively.
- the culture medium at the start of the main culture step is “the sodium ion concentration is 1.2 to 5 times the sodium ion concentration in the pre-culture step” and “pH 1.0 to 6.0”, during the main culture period, Even when the sodium ion concentration or pH fluctuates outside the above range, it is included in the main culturing step of the culturing method of the present embodiment.
- the culture method of the present embodiment is applicable to freshwater microalgae capable of growing under acidic conditions of pH 1.0 to 6.0.
- “Freshwater microalgae” means microalgae that live in freshwater bodies.
- the sodium ion concentration of fresh water is usually less than 0.05% by mass.
- the freshwater area is not particularly limited, and includes rivers, lakes and marshes, hot springs, groundwater, and the like, and is preferably a freshwater area under acidic conditions with a pH of 1.0 to 6.0.
- Preferred examples of the freshwater area under such acidic conditions include acidic hot springs (sulfuric acid hot springs and the like).
- microalgae means single-celled algae.
- Examples of the freshwater microalgae capable of growing under acidic conditions of pH 1.0 to 6.0 include, for example, microalgae belonging to the class Cyanidiophyceae.
- the taxonomic class is classified into Rhodophyta and Cyanidiophyceae on the taxonomic basis.
- three genera of the genus Cyanidioschizon, the genus Cyanidium, and the genus Galderia are classified into the class Ideugome.
- the microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome many types of microalgae have been known so far and will not be enumerated here.
- FIG. The phylogenetic tree using the sequence is shown.
- the culture method of the present embodiment is preferably applied to freshwater microalgae having no salt tolerance among freshwater microalgae.
- “having no salt tolerance” means that when cultured in seawater or a medium having a sodium ion concentration equivalent to seawater (about 0.5 M), a medium for freshwater microalgae (a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less) ) Means that growth is suppressed (including the inability to grow) as compared to the case of culturing.
- the growth rate is preferably reduced by 60% or more, more preferably by 80% or more, as compared with the growth rate in a freshwater microalgae medium.
- Examples of freshwater microalgae that can grow under acidic conditions of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and do not have salt tolerance include microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome shown in FIG.
- a haploid of a microalga belonging to the genus Cyanidium, a haploid of a microalga belonging to the genus Cyanidiochisone melorae, Garderia and the like can be mentioned.
- Some microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome can take a haploid cell form or a diploid cell form.
- the present inventors provide a method for obtaining a cell group having a haploid cell morphology from a cell group having a diploid cell morphology, and conversely, a method for obtaining a cell group having a haploid cell morphology from a cell group having a haploid cell morphology.
- a method for obtaining a morphological cell group is provided (WO 2019/107385).
- diploid microalgae belonging to the genus Cyanidium have salt tolerance, but haploids do not.
- Specific examples of the microalgae belonging to the genus Cyanidium having haploid and diploid cell morphologies include, for example, Cyanidium sp. Strain YFU3 (FERM P-22334) (hereinafter referred to as “YFU3 strain”). ), And Cyanidium sp. HKN1 strain (FERM P-22333) (hereinafter referred to as “HKN1 strain”), and the like, closely related species, mutant strains, and progeny thereof.
- the diploid cell morphology is referred to as “YFU3 strain (diploid)” and haploid cell morphology.
- the cell morphology is described as "YFU3 strain (haploid)”.
- the diploid cell morphology and the haploid cell morphology are described separately for the HKN1 strain, the diploid cell morphology is referred to as “HKN1 strain (diploid)” and haploid. Is described as “HKN1 strain (haploid)”.
- YFU3 strain or "HKN1 strain”
- Whether algae are diploid or haploid can be determined by checking the copy number of the same locus. That is, if the copy number of the same locus is 1, it is determined to be haploid. It is also possible to determine that the algae are haploid using a next-generation sequencer or the like. For example, a sequence read of the whole genome is acquired by a next-generation sequencer or the like, the sequence reads are assembled, and the sequence read is mapped to a sequence obtained by assembling. In diploids, base differences between alleles are found in various regions on the genome, but in haploids, only one allele is present, so no such region is found.
- cells are stained with a nuclear staining reagent such as DAPI, and compared with cells known to be haploid, cells showing the same fluorescence luminance are determined to be haploid, and the fluorescence is approximately doubled. Cells exhibiting luminance may be determined to be diploid.
- cells are stained with a nuclear staining reagent such as DAPI, and compared with cells known to be diploid, cells showing the same fluorescence luminance are determined to be diploid, and about 1/2 times May be determined to be haploid.
- the YFU3 strain (haploid) is a single-celled red algae isolated from high-temperature acidic water of a hot spring in Yufu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan.
- YFU3 strain deposited on May 30, 2017 as Accession No. FERM P-22334 at the Patent and Microorganisms Depositary of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba, Japan) It has been transferred to the International Depositary on April 20, 2018 as Accession No. FERM BP-22334.
- the HKN1 strain is a single-celled red algae isolated from high-temperature acidic water of a hot spring in Hakone-machi, Ashigarashimo-gun, Kanagawa, Japan.
- the HKN1 strain (haploid) was deposited on May 30, 2017, under the accession number FERM P-22333, at the Patent and Microorganisms Depositary of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, and under the accession number FERM BP-22333, 2018. Transferred to the International Depositary on April 20, 2008.
- the freshwater microalgae to which the culture method of the present embodiment is applied may be isolated from a freshwater area such as an acidic hot spring, or may be obtained from a culture collection or the like.
- a freshwater area such as an acidic hot spring
- a culture collection or the like for example, Cyanidiosisone Merolae is available from the National Institute for Environmental Studies Microbial Strain Preservation Facility (16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan), American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; 10801 University Boulevard Manassas, VA 20110 USA) )).
- the freshwater microalgae to which the culture method of the present embodiment is applied is not limited to those isolated from the natural world, but may be those in which natural freshwater microalgae are mutated. Mutations may be spontaneous or artificial.
- cyanidiochisone melorae has a small genome size (about 16 Mbp) and has completed decoding of the genome sequence (Matsuzaki Met et al., Nature. 2004 2004 Apr 8; 428 (6983): 653-7). .), Easy to make genetic modification. Therefore, for example, the culture method of the present embodiment may be applied to a transformant of cyanidiosizon melorae produced by genetic modification (for example, a transformant with an enhanced nutritional component). If the genetic modification is possible, the culture method of the present embodiment may be applied to a transformant of another freshwater microalgae.
- some microalgae belonging to the genus Gardenia can take a haploid cell form and a diploid cell form.
- a haploid cell morphology can be obtained by culturing a diploid microalga belonging to the genus Gardenia for a certain period of time (for example, about 1 to 3 weeks).
- a medium for culturing diploid cells to obtain haploid cells for example, acidic hot spring drainage medium, Tsukahara mineral spring medium (Hirooka et al., 2016, Front in Microbiology) and the like can be suitably used.
- the culture method of the present embodiment is also applicable to a haploid microalga belonging to the genus Gardenia or a transformant thereof.
- microalgae belonging to the genus Gardenia for example, Partita (NBRC 102759); Sulfuraria (SAG108.79, etc.) and the like.
- the microalgae belonging to the genus Gardenia may be isolated from a freshwater body such as an acidic hot spring, or may be obtained from a culture collection or the like.
- the culture collection includes NITE Biological Resource Center (NRBC; 2-49-10 Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and GEORG-AUGUST-UNIVERITY GOTTING ultra ⁇ Collection ⁇ of ⁇ Algae (SAG).
- haploid algal cells often do not have strong cell walls.
- Alploid cells in the form of haploid cells having no strong cell wall can be destroyed by relatively mild treatment such as neutralization treatment, hypotonic treatment, and freeze-thaw treatment.
- relatively mild treatment such as neutralization treatment, hypotonic treatment, and freeze-thaw treatment.
- “having no strong cell wall” means that cell rupture is caused by any of the following cell rupture treatments (A) to (C).
- Algal cells are suspended in an isotonic solution of pH 7 and left for one week or more.
- Algae cells are suspended in distilled water and left for 1 minute or more.
- C The algal cells are dried and suspended in an isotonic solution at pH 7.
- the isotonic solution include a pH 7 buffer solution containing 10% sucrose and 20 mM HEPES.
- examples of the drying treatment include drying in a refrigerator (4 ° C.) and freeze-drying.
- the drying treatment the precipitate of algal cells collected by centrifugation is used.
- the drying treatment time depends on the amount of algal cells, and is, for example, 3 days or more.
- the cell rupture was determined by centrifuging (1,500 ⁇ g, 3 minutes) the algal cell suspension after the cell rupture treatment (A) to (C) above.
- the determination can be made by determining the ratio of the amount of protein in the centrifugal supernatant to the total amount of protein therein. Specifically, when the rupture rate determined by the following equation is 20% or more, it can be determined that cell rupture has occurred.
- the algal cells in the algal cell suspension are observed under an optical microscope (for example, at a magnification of 600), and the proportion of cells in which cell rupture has occurred is about 10% or more of the total algal cells, preferably about 20%. In this case, it may be determined that cell rupture has occurred.
- the cells in which cell rupture is caused by the cell rupture treatment of any of the above (A) to (C) are pH 7 It can be said that the cell undergoes cell rupture under the above conditions. If microalgae whose cells rupture under the condition of pH 7 are difficult to grow in an external environment when they flow out of the culture tank, contamination to the environment can be suppressed. When the algal cell does not have a strong cell wall, the cell wall is not normally observed by observation with an optical microscope (for example, at a magnification of 600). It should be noted that whether or not cell rupture occurs due to mild hypotonic treatment under conditions of pH 6 or less does not affect the determination as to whether or not the microalga does not have a strong cell wall.
- the pre-culture step is a step of culturing freshwater microalgae in a medium prepared so as to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4M.
- the medium used in the preculture step is not particularly limited as long as the medium has a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0.
- a medium prepared by adding 0.1 to 0.4 M sodium ions to a general freshwater microalgae medium and adjusting the pH to 1.0 to 6.0 can be preferably used.
- the culture medium for freshwater microalgae is not particularly limited, and an appropriate medium may be appropriately selected depending on the type of freshwater microalgae to be cultured.
- Examples of the culture medium for freshwater microalgae include an inorganic salt medium containing a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, an iron source, trace elements (such as zinc, boron, cobalt, copper, manganese, and molybdenum).
- examples of the nitrogen source include ammonium salts, nitrates, nitrites, urea, amines and the like
- examples of the phosphorus source include phosphates and phosphites
- examples of the iron source include iron chloride, Iron sulfate, iron citrate and the like.
- Specific examples of the culture medium for freshwater microalgae include, for example, 2 ⁇ Allen medium (Allen MB. Arch. Microbiol.
- M-Allen medium Minoda A et al. Plant Cell Physiol. 2004) 45: 667-71.
- MA2 medium Ohnuma M et al. Plant Cell Physiol. 2008 Jan; 49 (1): 117-20.
- MA medium the M-Allen medium
- the sodium ion concentration may be appropriately selected within the range of 0.1 to 0.4 M according to the sodium ion concentration in the main culture step described later. More specifically, a sodium ion concentration 0.2 to 0.8 times the sodium ion concentration expected in the main culture step can be selected.
- the sodium ion concentration is preferably 0.5 times or more, more preferably 0.5 to 0.7 times, and more preferably 0.5 to 0.6 times the sodium ion concentration in the main culture step. Is more preferred.
- the sodium ion concentration in the pre-culture step is preferably 0.25 M or more, and is preferably 0.25 to 0.35 M.
- Adjustment of the sodium ion concentration of the medium may be performed using a commercially available sodium ion reagent or using sodium chloride.
- natural seawater, concentrated seawater, artificial seawater and the like are diluted so that the sodium ion concentration becomes 0.1 to 0.4 M, and appropriately added with a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, an iron source, a trace element, and the like. You may.
- natural seawater those obtained by filtering surface water or deep seawater can be used, and commercially available products can also be used.
- Natural seawater Commercial products of natural seawater include, for example, Nazyme 10 (surface water of 10 m of Izu), Najim 800 (800 m of Izu Akazawa deep sea water) (both from Japan QCE bluelab division) and the like.
- Commercial products of artificial seawater include, for example, Daigo IMK medium, Daigo artificial seawater SP (both from Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
- the concentration of main ions contained in natural seawater is known as the concentration of main ions contained in natural seawater, particularly in the surface layer of seawater.
- This composition appears to be a common composition in the surface oceans, and it is well known that salinity varies in different regions. Therefore, it is difficult to define the salt concentration of seawater, but there is no doubt that sodium is the main metal in metal ions. Therefore, the inventors have determined that seawater conditions are used when the sodium ion concentration generally exceeds 0.4 M.
- the sodium ion concentration closer to the seawater condition is 0.45 M or more, more preferably 0.5 M or more.
- the hydrogen ion concentration may be appropriately selected within the range of pH 1.0 to 6.0 depending on the type of freshwater microalgae.
- the pH is preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and more preferably 1.0 to 3.0.
- the pH of the medium can be adjusted using, for example, an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, or an inorganic base such as potassium hydroxide.
- a pH buffer may be optionally added to the medium in order to suppress pH fluctuation during the culture.
- the preculture step can be started by inoculating freshwater microalgae cells into the medium.
- Temperature conditions in the pre-culture step may be appropriately selected according to the type of freshwater microalgae.
- the culturing temperature can be, for example, 15 to 60 ° C, preferably 15 to 50 ° C, and more preferably 30 to 50 ° C.
- the culture temperature is preferably 30 to 50 ° C.
- Light conditions in the pre-culture step may be appropriately selected according to the type of freshwater microalgae. Generally, 5 to 2000 ⁇ mol / m 2 s can be exemplified.
- the freshwater microalgae are microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome, preferably 5 to 1500 ⁇ mol / m 2 s.
- the light condition may be continuous light, and a light-dark cycle (10 L: 14 D or the like) may be provided.
- the pre-culture step may be performed under natural light.
- the CO 2 conditions in the pre-culture step may be appropriately selected according to the type of freshwater microalgae. Generally, a condition of 0.04 to 5% CO 2 can be exemplified. In the case where the freshwater microalgae are microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome, the condition of 0.04 to 3% CO 2 is preferable.
- the genus Gardenia has a high tolerance to high CO 2 concentration and can grow even with 100% CO 2. Therefore, when the freshwater microalgae is a microalga belonging to the genus Gardenia, 100% CO 2 conditions may be used. Further, the CO 2 condition may be a CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.
- the culture method in the pre-culture step is not particularly limited, and a method generally used as a culture method for microalgae may be used. Specific examples include stationary culture, aeration culture (200 to 400 mL @ air / min or the like), shaking culture (100 to 200 rpm or the like), and the like.
- the culture period in the pre-culture step is not particularly limited, but requires a period from the end of the induction period to the beginning of the logarithmic phase, usually requires 3 days or more, and is preferably 5 days or more. Preferably it is 7 days or more.
- the upper limit of the preculture period is not particularly limited, but it is not suitable to maintain the growth of microalgae in the main culture, if performed before finishing the logarithmic phase and approaching the stationary phase.
- the preculture period is preferably 3 to 20 days, more preferably 5 to 15 days, and even more preferably 7 to 10 days.
- the scale of the preculture can be selected according to the scale of the main culture.
- preculture can be performed on a small scale, and is usually performed at 0.1 to 1000 mL.
- mass production is performed industrially in the main culture, the preculture may be performed in about 1 to 10 L.
- the freshwater microalgae after the preculture step are adjusted so that the sodium ion concentration is 1.2 to 5 times the sodium ion concentration in the preculture step and the hydrogen ion concentration is pH 1.0 to 6.0. This is a step of culturing in the medium prepared in the above.
- the medium used in the main culturing step has a sodium ion concentration of 1.2 to 5 times the medium used in the pre-culturing step, and is 0.4 M or more, preferably 0.45 M or more, in terms of sodium ion concentration.
- a material having a concentration of 0.5 M or more can be used.
- the hydrogen ion concentration is not particularly limited as long as the medium has a pH of 1.0 to 6.0.
- a medium obtained by adding sodium ion at the above concentration to a general freshwater microalgae medium and adjusting the pH to 1.0 to 6.0 can be preferably used.
- Examples of the culture medium for freshwater microalgae include those similar to those described in the above “[Preculture step]”.
- the medium used in the main culture step may be one in which a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, an iron source, a trace element, and the like are appropriately added to seawater to adjust the pH to 1.0 to 6.0.
- the seawater may be natural seawater, artificial seawater, or diluted seawater.
- Commercial products of natural seawater and artificial seawater include the same products as those described in the above “[Pre-culture step]”.
- the cost can be suppressed by using natural seawater.
- Natural seawater may be surface water or deep ocean water. Natural seawater is preferably one from which impurities have been removed by filtration or the like.
- the nitrogen source, phosphorus source, iron source, trace elements, and the like to be added to seawater may be appropriately selected according to the type of freshwater microalgae.
- the freshwater microalgae are microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome, it is preferable to add at least a nitrogen-containing salt, a phosphorus-containing salt, and an iron-containing salt to seawater.
- the nitrogen-containing salt include nitrogen-containing inorganic salts such as ammonium salt, nitrate, and nitrite. Among them, ammonium salts (such as ammonium sulfate) are preferable as the nitrogen-containing salt.
- the amount of the ammonium salt to be added to seawater is exemplified by an ammonium ion concentration of 20 to 100 mM.
- Examples of the phosphorus-containing salt include phosphorus-containing inorganic salts such as phosphate and phosphite. Among them, a phosphate (such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate) is preferable as the phosphorus-containing salt.
- Examples of the amount of the phosphate added to seawater include a phosphate ion concentration of 2 to 10 mM.
- Examples of the iron-containing salt include iron (III) chloride, iron (II) sulfate, iron (II) citrate, and hydrates thereof. Among them, iron (III) chloride is preferable as the iron-containing salt.
- Examples of the amount of the iron-containing salt added to seawater include an iron ion concentration of 0.1 to 2 mM.
- trace elements such as boric acid, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, and copper to seawater.
- trace elements such as boric acid, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, and copper
- preferred examples of the medium used in the main culturing step include "seawater medium” described in Table 9 below.
- the sodium ion concentration of the medium used in the main culture step is not particularly limited, but is 1.1 to 5 times, preferably 1.2 to 5 times the sodium ion concentration in the pre-culture step, and is 1.4 to 2 times. More preferably, it is 1.5 times to 2 times.
- the sodium ion concentration is about 0.4 M or more, and a medium of 1 M or less is used depending on the type of microalgae used.
- a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more can be used in order to suppress contamination of other organisms.
- the sodium ion concentration may be 0.5 to 1M. Adjustment of the sodium ion concentration of the medium can be performed in the same manner as in the medium in the pre-culture step.
- the hydrogen ion concentration may be appropriately selected within the range of pH 1.0 to 6.0 depending on the type of freshwater microalgae.
- the pH is preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and more preferably 1.0 to 3.0.
- a lower pH such as pH 1.0 to 2.0
- the pH of the medium can be adjusted in the same manner as in the medium in the pre-culture step.
- the main culturing step can be started by inoculating the culture solution from the pre-culturing step into the medium in the main culturing step.
- the culture scale in the main culture step can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, when breeding microalgae or selecting a mutant strain, main culture can be performed on a small scale, and is usually performed at about 10 mL to 10 L. In the case where industrial mass production is performed in the main culture, the culture may be performed at about 20 to 5000 L. When performing a large-scale culture of 500 L, outdoor culture may be performed.
- the temperature conditions, light conditions, CO 2 conditions, and culture method in the main culture step can be the same as the above-described pre-culture conditions.
- the culture may be performed outdoors.
- the temperature condition, the light condition, and the CO 2 condition can be the conditions of the external environment where the culture tank is installed. Even when the main culture step is performed outdoors, the culture is performed under acidic conditions of pH 1.0 to 6.0, so that contamination of other organisms can be suppressed.
- a haploid microalga belonging to the class Ideugome is used as a freshwater microalgae, it is difficult to survive in an environment of pH 7, and therefore, even when released from an outdoor culture tank to the external environment, the haploid microalgae is released. Environmental pollution is suppressed.
- the culture period in the main culture step is not particularly limited, and the culture can be continued until a desired amount of biomass is obtained. Alternatively, the growth state of the microalgae may be confirmed, and the culture may be performed until the stationary phase is reached.
- freshwater microalgae can be satisfactorily grown in a medium having a low pH and a high sodium ion concentration in a short induction period from the start of culture. Therefore, even in the case of outdoor culture, invasion of other organisms can be effectively suppressed. Also, microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome (especially haploids) die under neutral conditions, so that microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome (especially haploids) may be released from the mass culture system into the environment. Biological containment, if any, is possible. Therefore, the present invention can be suitably applied to outdoor large-scale culture of freshwater microalgae that produces useful substances.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a freshwater microalgae capable of growing on a medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more.
- the method for producing a freshwater microalgae according to the present embodiment is characterized in that a freshwater microalgae that cannot grow on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more is treated with a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.0 to 6.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.1.
- the freshwater microalgae used in the method of the present embodiment is a freshwater microalga that cannot grow on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more. Whether the freshwater microalgae cannot grow on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more is determined by culturing the target freshwater microalgae on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more, and over time. It can be confirmed by measuring the cell turbidity (OD 750 ).
- the freshwater microalgae can be determined to be a freshwater microalga that cannot grow on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M or more. Further, the freshwater microalgae are preferably capable of growing at a pH of 1.0 to 6.0. Examples of such freshwater microalgae include haploids of microalgae belonging to the genus Cyanidium. Specific examples of haploid microalgae belonging to the genus Cyanidium include the HKN1 strain (haploid) and the YFU3 strain (haploid).
- the method of the present embodiment includes a step of culturing the freshwater microalgae as described above in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 M and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0. This step can be performed in the same manner as in “[Pre-culture step]” of the above “ ⁇ Culture method of freshwater microalgae>”.
- salt-tolerant freshwater microalgae having no salt tolerance can be grown in a pH 1.0 to 6.0 medium having a sodium chloride concentration of 0.5 M or more by imparting salt tolerance.
- a freshwater microalgae can be obtained.
- invasion of other organisms is suppressed.
- microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome (especially haploids) die under neutral conditions, so that microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome (especially haploids) may be released from the mass culture system into the environment.
- Biological containment, if any, is possible. Therefore, the freshwater microalgae can be suitably used for outdoor mass culture.
- the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome grows in a medium having a high salt concentration such as 0.5 M of sodium ion concentration. Diploids cannot grow. However, if the culture method according to one embodiment of the present invention obtains salt tolerance during the pre-culture period, it can grow even in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5M. At this time, there is a feature that logarithmic growth is started after a shorter induction period than during the pre-culture period, and this feature is the same even when the medium is further subcultured.
- the haploid algae of the present invention which has acquired salt tolerance, do not grow or grow poorly when they are subcultured in a MA medium to which NaCl is not added. Whether the growth is good or not can be determined by comparing with the culture conditions of the control. In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of cells in the initial state of the culture and the number of cells increased during a predetermined period have elapsed. Consider depending on the ratio. Specifically, it is calculated by the equation (1). The number of cells is determined by measuring the absorbance OD of the culture solution at 750 nm. The predetermined period is 7 days. When the value of the formula (1) is 2 or more, the growth is good, and when the value is less than 2, the growth is poor.
- the causes of poor growth are that it takes time to acclimate to environmental conditions, and that the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome belong to the osmotic pressure of hypertonic solution because they do not have strong cell walls. May have been destroyed and died. Although it is conceivable to observe that cells have been destroyed by using a microscope, it is difficult to ensure quantitativeness. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, quantitative consideration is performed by measuring the amount of phycocyanin, which is the content of cells.
- the present invention is a haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome, in a MA medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 2.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M, and a culture temperature of 42 ° C.
- the value calculated by the following formula (1) when cultured for 7 days with continuous light having a carbon dioxide concentration of 2% and an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s is 2 or more.
- a haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome which has a value calculated by the following formula (1) of less than 2 when statically cultured with continuous light having a carbon dioxide concentration of 2% and an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s for 7 days.
- I will provide a. (OD 750 value after culture initiation 7 days - OD 750 value at the start of cultivation) / culture speed indicated by (7 ⁇ culture at the start OD 750 value) (1)
- the “MA medium prepared to have a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 2.0 and a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M” is a medium described in Table 5 in Examples (hereinafter, also referred to as “MA + 0.5 M NaCl medium”).
- the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Acacia sapiens of the present embodiment can grow on MA + 0.5M NaCl medium.
- the growth rate calculated by the following formula (1) is obtained by static culture in MA + 0.5M NaCl medium under the conditions of a culture temperature of 42 ° C., a carbon dioxide concentration of 2%, and an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s in continuous light. Is 2 or more. (OD 750 value after culture initiation 7 days - OD 750 value at the start of cultivation) / (7 ⁇ culture at the start OD 750 value) (1)
- the “OD 750 value at the start of culture” means the absorbance of the culture solution measured at a wavelength of 750 nm at the start of culture (0 hour).
- a haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome is inoculated into a MA + 0.5M NaCl medium so that the OD 750 at the start of the culture is 0.1, and the culture is started.
- the “OD 750 value 7 days after the start of culture” means the absorbance of the culture solution measured at a wavelength of 750 nm seven days (168 hours) after the start of culture.
- the absorbance of the culture solution can be measured with an absorbance meter.
- the cultivation is carried out by stationary culturing for 7 days under the conditions of a continuous temperature of 42 ° C., a carbon dioxide concentration of 2%, and an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s.
- the culture scale is not particularly limited.
- the culture can be performed using a 24-well plate with 1 mL of a culture solution.
- haploid microalgae belonging to the class of the natural genus Ideugome cannot grow on MA + 0.5M NaCl medium. Therefore, when the haploid microalgae belonging to the class of the natural genus Ideugome are cultured in the MA + 0.5M NaCl medium, the value calculated by the above formula (1) is less than 2. However, since the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome belonging to the class of the present invention have resistance to a high sodium ion concentration, they can be satisfactorily grown even in a MA + 0.5M NaCl medium.
- the value calculated by the above formula (1) becomes 2 or more.
- the value of the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Acacia lutea of the present embodiment, when cultured in MA + 0.5M (NaCl medium, is preferably 3 or more, and more preferably 4 or more. Is more preferable.
- the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome of the present embodiment are cultured in a MA medium at 42 ° C. under a continuous light having a carbon dioxide concentration of 2% and an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s.
- the value calculated by the equation (1) is less than 2.
- the MA medium is a medium described in Table 1 in Examples.
- a haploid of a microalga belonging to the class Lepidoptera is inoculated into a MA medium so that the OD 750 at the start of the culture is 0.1, and the culture is started.
- the cultivation is carried out by stationary culturing for 7 days under the conditions of a continuous temperature of 42 ° C., a carbon dioxide concentration of 2%, and an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s.
- the culture scale is not particularly limited.
- the culture can be performed using a 24-well plate with 1 mL of a culture solution.
- the value calculated by the above formula (1) is usually 2 or more.
- the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Lepidoptera of the present embodiment have resistance to a high sodium ion concentration, but have a reduced ability to grow at a low sodium ion concentration. Therefore, when the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome of the present embodiment are cultured in the MA medium, the value calculated by the formula (1) becomes 2 or more.
- the value calculated by the above formula (1) when cultured in an MA medium is preferably less than 1.8, and less than 1.5 or more. Is more preferable.
- the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome of the present embodiment preferably have a mortality of 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and more preferably 50% or more when suspended in a MA medium. Is more preferable. If the kill rate is 30% or more, it is difficult for the algal cells to survive in an environment where the sodium ion concentration is low even if the algal cells are released into the environment. Therefore, even when cultured in an open culture system outdoors, contamination to the environment hardly occurs.
- PC concentration represents a phycocyanin concentration.
- the PC concentration can be determined by measuring the absorbance at 620 nm and 678 nm of the suspension after any one of the treatments 1 to 3, using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere.
- the PC concentration can be calculated from the absorbance at 620 nm and 678 nm by the following equation.
- PC concentration ( ⁇ g / ml) 138.5 ⁇ A 620 ⁇ 35.49 ⁇ A 678
- the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Lepidoptera of the present embodiment have one or more of the following characteristics (a) to (c), and the haploids of any of the following (a) to (c): It is more preferable to have the following three characteristics, and it is more preferable to have all the following characteristics (a) to (c).
- the growth rate is lower for 7 days after the start of culture in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0.
- C Compared to the growth rate for 7 days after the start of culturing in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0, the sodium ion concentration is 0.5 M or less and the sodium ion concentration is 0.5 M
- the growth rate is high for 7 days after the start of the culture in the 6.0 medium.
- Natural microalga belonging to the class Ideyugome refers to microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome, which inhabits the natural world, or microalgae of the type having properties similar to those of the microalgae.
- the natural microalgae may be isolated from nature and maintained by culturing in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0.
- Natural haploid of microalga belonging to the class Ideyugome is obtained from a haploid microalga belonging to the class Ideyugome belonging to the natural world or a diploid of a microalga belonging to the class Ideyugome belonging to the natural world.
- a diploid microalgae belonging to the natural class Ideugome is cultured for a certain period of time (eg, about 1 to 3 weeks) in a medium prepared to have a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0. ), Meiotic microalgae cultured under certain conditions and physically selected under a microscope to obtain haploid microalgae belonging to the natural class Ideyugome.
- Whether or not the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome class has the characteristics of the above (a) is determined by combining the haploids of the microalgae and the natural microalgae of the same species as the microalgae with sodium ion It can be determined by culturing in a medium having a concentration of 0.5 M and having a pH of 1.0 to 6.0 and comparing the growth rates for 7 days after the start of culturing. If the growth rate is greater than a haploid of a natural microalgae, it is determined that the microalgae has the characteristics of the above (a).
- Whether the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugome class has the characteristics of the above (b) is determined by combining the haploid microalgae with a natural microalgae of the same species as the microalgae with sodium ion It can be determined by culturing in a medium having a concentration of 0.05 M or less at a pH of 1.0 to 6.0 and comparing the growth rates for 7 days after the start of the culture. If the growth rate is lower than the haploid of a natural microalgae, it is determined that the microalgae has the characteristics of the above (b).
- the haploids of the microalgae are determined to have a pH of 1.0 to 6.0 with a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less. It can be determined by culturing in a medium of pH 0 and a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0, and comparing the growth rates in both mediums for 7 days after the start of the culture.
- the growth rate in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0 is lower than the growth rate in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0. If it is larger, it is determined that the microalgae has the characteristics of the above (c).
- Examples of the culture medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0 and the culture medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.05 M or less and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0 include the above-mentioned “ ⁇ Freshwater microalgae”. Culture method>”. Examples of the culture conditions in the above (a) to (c) include stationary culture under the conditions of continuous temperature of 42 ° C., carbon dioxide concentration of 2%, and illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s.
- the culture scale is not particularly limited. For example, the culture can be performed using a 24-well plate with 1 mL of a culture solution.
- the haploid of the microalgae belonging to the class Lepidoptera of the present embodiment can be obtained by the method for producing a freshwater microalgae of the embodiment.
- haploids of microalgae belonging to the class Ideyugogome include haploids of cyanidiosison melorae, microalgae belonging to cyanidium, and haploids of microalgae belonging to genus Gardenia.
- Specific examples of haploid microalgae belonging to the genus Cyanidium include the HKN1 strain (haploid) and the YFU3 strain (haploid).
- haploid microalgae belonging to the genus Gardenia include G. cerevisiae.
- a haploid of a microalga belonging to the genus Cyanidium or a genus of microalgae belonging to the genus Gardenia is preferable, a haploid of a microalga belonging to the genus Cyanidium is more preferable, and the HKN1 strain (haploid) or the YFU3 strain (haploid) ) Is more preferable, and the HKN1 strain (haploid) is particularly preferable.
- the microalgae belonging to the class Lepidoptera of the present embodiment can grow on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.6 M or more and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0, and a pH of 1.0 or more having a sodium ion concentration of 0.7 M or more. More preferably, the medium can grow in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.9 M or more, more preferably in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.9 M or more. It is particularly preferred that the medium can grow in a medium of 0.0 to 6.0.
- the microalgae belonging to the class Acacia catechu of the present embodiment may be capable of growing on a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 1 M or more and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0.
- the microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome of the present embodiment are cultured in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M and having a pH of 1.0 to 6.0, and then cultured at pH 1.0 to 6.0 having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M. It is preferable that the growth rate is maintained even when the cells are subcultured on a new medium. This allows the microalgae of the present embodiment to be subcultured and maintained in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0.
- microalgae of the present embodiment maintained as described above can be satisfactorily proliferated even if the microalgae of the present embodiment is cultured at a desired time in a large amount in a medium having a sodium ion concentration of 0.5 M and a pH of 1.0 to 6.0. be able to.
- the seawater contains at least a nitrogen-containing salt, a phosphorus-containing salt, and an iron-containing salt.
- Good growth can be achieved using a culture medium that has been added and adjusted to pH 1.0 to 6.0. Specific examples of such a medium include those similar to those described in “[Main culture step]” of “ ⁇ Culture method for freshwater microalgae>”.
- the haploid microalgae belonging to the class Ideugome of the present embodiment can satisfactorily proliferate in an environment having a high sodium ion concentration and a low pH, they can be suitably used for outdoor mass culture.
- M-Allen medium having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared. Specifically, medium components other than A2 Fe stock were mixed, adjusted to pH 2.0 with sulfuric acid, and then sterilized by an autoclave. After autoclaving, 4 mL of filter-sterilized A2Fe stock was added to obtain a MA medium. Tables 2 and 3 show the compositions of A2 trace element and A2 Fe stock, respectively.
- Tables 4 and 5 show the compositions of the MA + 0.3M NaCl medium and the MA + 0.5M NaCl medium, respectively.
- A2 @ trace @ element and A2 @ Fe @ stock in Tables 4 and 5 are as shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
- each medium when used for pre-culture or main culture, each medium may be described as follows.
- MA medium Medium (A) MA + 0.3M NaCl medium: Medium (B) MA + 0.5M NaCl medium: Medium (C)
- MA medium When used for main culture MA medium: Medium (a) MA + 0.3M NaCl medium: Medium (b) MA + 0.5M NaCl medium: Medium (c)
- the growth status of the microalgae was confirmed by cell turbidity (OD 750 ). Specifically, the absorbance at 750 nm of the algae culture was measured using an absorbance meter (SmartSpec Plus from BIO-RAD) to determine the cell turbidity (OD 750 ).
- Cyanidium sp. HKN1 was cultured by static culture in a CO 2 incubator in both preculture and main culture, unless otherwise specified.
- the culture temperature was 42 ° C., continuous light having an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s was used, and the CO 2 concentration was 2%.
- the culture was performed in a 24-well plate with 1 mL of the culture solution.
- the culture of Xianidiosisone merolae 10D was performed by aeration culture (300 mL ambient air / min) in both preculture and main culture unless otherwise specified.
- the culture temperature was 42 ° C., and continuous light having an illuminance of 60 ⁇ mol / m 2 s was used.
- the culture was performed in a 24-well plate with 1 mL of the culture solution.
- the culture was performed in a 24-well plate with 1 mL of the culture solution.
- DAPI staining As follows. After adding glutaraldehyde to the culture solution to a final concentration of 1% (w / v), DAPI was added to the culture solution to a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g / mL, and observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- vacuoles The presence of vacuoles was observed by quinacrine staining as follows. After adding a 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) buffer to the culture solution to a final concentration of 100 mM, quinacrine was added to a final concentration of 40 ⁇ g / mL, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes. . After centrifugation (1500 g, 5 minutes), the supernatant was discarded, the MA medium was added to the precipitate, the mixture was allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, and observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- Tris-HCl pH 8.0
- HKN1 Cyanidium sp. HKN1 (haploid) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "HKN1 (haploid)”) was pre-cultured for one week using an MA medium (medium (A)). After the preculture, the culture was statically cultured for 7 days using the medium (a), (b), or (c) (main culture). During the culture, to measure over time media OD 750, was confirmed growth situation of HKN1 (1 haploid). HKN1 (haploid) was pre-cultured for one week using MA + 0.3 M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, the culture was statically cultured for 7 days using the medium (a), (b), or (c) (main culture). During the culture, to measure over time media OD 750, was confirmed growth situation of HKN1 (1 haploid). The results are shown in Table 6 and FIG. FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in OD 750 shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Nazyme 10 (surface water: Japan QCE bluelab division) was used as natural seawater. Each component of the MA medium was added to seawater (Nazyme 10), and HKN1 (haploid) was cultured, and it was confirmed which component in the MA medium contributed to the growth of HKN1 (haploid).
- the media used in the main culture are shown in Tables 7 and 8.
- MA media components shown in Tables 7 and 8 were added to Nazyme 10, and the pH was adjusted to 2.0 with sulfuric acid to prepare Media 1 to 17. Since magnesium and calcium were abundant in seawater, MgSO 4 and CaCl 2 were not added to the culture media 1 to 16. Medium 17 was supplemented with MgSO 4 and CaCl 2 corresponding to MA medium as a positive control.
- HKN1 (haploid) was pre-cultured for one week in MA + 0.3M NaCl medium (medium (B)), and then main-cultured in MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (positive control) (medium (c)) or seawater medium for 7 days. did. During the culture, to measure over time media OD 750, was confirmed growth situation of HKN1 (1 haploid). The results are shown in Table 10 and FIG. FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in OD 750 shown in Table 10.
- HKN1 haploid
- Example 4 In order to confirm the influence of pH on the growth of HKN1 (haploid), seawater media in which the pH was changed between pH 2 and 7 were prepared. The pH was adjusted using sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide. HKN1 (haploid) was pre-cultured with MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)) for one week, and then main-cultured for 7 days in each seawater medium whose pH was adjusted as described above. After completion of the main culture, the OD 750 of the final medium was measured to confirm the growth status of HKN1 (haploid). The results are shown in Table 11 and FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph of OD 750 shown in Table 11.
- HKN1 haploid
- Table 11 and FIG. 3 HKN1 (haploid) was able to grow at pH 6 or lower, but was not able to grow at pH 7.
- the pH decreases with the growth of the algae. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a pH around neutral by adding a buffer or an alkaline substance. .
- HKN1 (diploid) Cyanidium sp. HKN1 (diploid) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "HKN1 (diploid)”) was pre-cultured for one week using an MA medium (medium (A)). After the preculture, the culture was statically cultured for 7 days using the medium (a), (b), or (c) (main culture). During the main culture, the OD 750 of the medium was measured over time to confirm the growth status of HKN1 (diploid). HKN1 (diploid) was pre-cultured for one week using MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, the culture was statically cultured for 7 days using the medium (a), (b), or (c) (main culture). During the main culture, the OD 750 of the medium was measured over time to confirm the growth status of HKN1 (diploid). The results are shown in Table 12 and FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in OD 750 shown in Table 12.
- HKN1 diploid
- HKN1 (diploid) was pre-cultured in MA + 0.3M NaCl medium (medium (B)) for one week, and then main-cultured in MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (positive control) (medium (c)) or seawater medium for 7 days. did.
- the OD 750 of the medium was measured over time to confirm the growth status of HKN1 (diploid). The results are shown in Table 13 and FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in OD 750 shown in Table 13.
- HKN1 diploid
- Xianidiosisone merolae 10D (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “10D”) was pre-cultured for one week using an MA medium (medium (A)). After the preculture, the culture was statically cultured for 7 days using the medium (a), (b), or (c) (main culture). During the main culture, the OD 750 of the medium was measured over time to confirm the growth status of 10D. In addition, 10D was pre-cultured for one week using MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, the culture was statically cultured for 7 days using the medium (a), (b), or (c) (main culture). During the main culture, the OD 750 of the medium was measured over time to confirm the growth status of 10D. The results are shown in Table 14 and FIG. FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in OD 750 shown in Table 14.
- 10D showed the same growth when the preculture was the medium (A) and when the main culture was the medium (a) and the medium (b).
- the main culture was the medium (c) when the main culture was the medium (c), the OD 750 gradually decreased until the third day of the main culture, but recovered on the fifth day, and thereafter, the growth rate was equivalent to that of the medium (a) and the medium (b). showed that.
- the preculture was the medium (B) even when the main culture was the medium (c), the same growth as in the above medium (a) and medium (b) was shown from the start of the culture.
- Example 8 10D was pre-cultured for one week in MA + 0.3M NaCl medium (medium (B)), and then main-cultured in MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (positive control) (medium (c)) or seawater medium for 7 days. During the main culture, the OD 750 of the medium was measured over time to confirm the growth status of 10D. The results are shown in Table 15 and FIG. FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in OD 750 shown in Table 15.
- 10D showed the same growth rate when the main culture was performed in either the medium (c) or the seawater medium.
- HKN1 (haploid) in a MA medium culture was precultured for one week in the MA medium + 0.3 M NaCl, and then transplanted to the MA medium + 0.5 M NaCl medium, and then cultured for 7 days in a CO 2 incubator (2% CO 2 ). This was designated as MA medium + 0.5M NaCl medium culture product.
- HKN1 (haploid) cultured for one week in MA medium was pre-cultured for one week in MA medium + 0.3 M NaCl, then transplanted to seawater medium, and allowed to stand in a CO 2 incubator (2% CO 2 ) for 7 days.
- the cells were cultured. This was used as a seawater medium culture product.
- qualitative analysis of polyphosphoric acid was performed by DAPI, and qualitative analysis of vacuoles was performed by quinacrine.
- FIG. 8 shows the results.
- the MA medium culture, the MA medium + 0.5M NaCl medium culture, and the seawater medium culture were stained with DAPI, polyphosphoric acid was observed only in the MA medium culture.
- the vacuoles, which are said to contain polyphosphoric acid were stained with quinacrine, there was no difference in how the vacuoles were stained.
- Example 10 Culture was performed in the same manner as in Example 9 except that HKN1 (diploid) was used as the algae, and three types of cultures of a MA medium culture product, a MA medium + 0.5M NaCl medium culture product, and a seawater medium culture product were performed. The product was manufactured.
- qualitative analysis of polyphosphoric acid was performed by DAPI, and qualitative analysis of vacuoles was performed by quinacrine.
- FIG. 9 shows the results. Polyphosphoric acid could not be confirmed in the MA medium culture product, but in the MA medium + 0.5 M NaCl medium culture product and the seawater culture product, polyphosphoric acid was observed mainly in the vicinity of the surface layer. In addition, vacuoles that are said to contain polyphosphoric acid were similarly observed in all cultures.
- Example 11 10D was pre-cultured for one week using MA medium (medium (A)) or MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, main culture was performed for 7 days in an MA medium in which the NaCl concentration was changed between 0 and 1000 mM. After completion of the main culture, the final OD 750 of the medium was measured to confirm the growth status of 10D. Table 16 shows the results. After the preculture in the medium (B), the algal cells obtained by main culture of 10D in a MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)) for 7 days were used to obtain the algae cells in the MA medium (medium (a)) or MA + 0. The cells were subcultured in a 5M NaCl medium (medium (c)) and cultured for further 7 days. After the completion of the culture, the final OD 750 of the medium was measured to confirm the growth status of 10D. Table 17 shows the results.
- the OD 750 of the medium at the start of main culture and at the time of subculture was adjusted to 0.1.
- Table 17 “Formulas (1)-(A)” indicate values calculated by Formula (1) for microalgae that were precultured in the medium (A) and then main cultured at the NaCl concentrations shown in the table. “Formulas (1)-(B)” indicate the values calculated by the formula (1) for the microalgae pre-cultured in the medium (B) and then main-cultured at the NaCl concentration shown in the table.
- the OD 750 is ⁇ 0.1, the value cannot be calculated by the equation (1), and therefore, “ ⁇ ” is used.
- HKN1 (haploid) was pre-cultured for one week using MA medium (medium (A)) or MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, main culture was performed for 7 days in an MA medium in which the NaCl concentration was changed between 0 and 1000 mM. After completion of the main culture, the OD 750 of the final medium was measured to confirm the growth status of HKN1 (haploid). The results are shown in Table 18.
- algal cells obtained by main culture of HKN1 (haploid) in a MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)) for 7 days were transferred to an MA medium (medium (a) )) Or MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)) and further cultured for 7 days.
- the OD 750 of the final medium was measured to confirm the growth status of HKN1 (haploid). The results are shown in Table 19.
- Example 13 HKN1 (diploid) was pre-cultured for one week using MA medium (medium (A)) or MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, main culture was performed for 7 days in an MA medium in which the NaCl concentration was changed between 0 and 1000 mM. After completion of the cultivation, the OD 750 of the final medium was measured to confirm the growth situation of HKN1 (2 diploid). The results are shown in Table 20.
- algal cells obtained by main culture of HKN1 (diploid) in a MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)) for 7 days were transferred to an MA medium (medium (a) )) Or MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)) and further cultured for 7 days.
- the OD 750 of the final medium was measured to confirm the growth status of HKN1 (diploid). The results are shown in Table 21.
- Galdieria partita (NBRC 102759) (haploid) was pre-cultured for one week using MA medium (medium (A)) or MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, main culture was performed for 7 days in an MA medium in which the NaCl concentration was changed between 0 and 1000 mM. After completion of the main culture, the final OD 750 of the medium was measured. The growth status of partita (haploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 22.
- G.A The algal cells obtained by main culturing partita (haploid) for 7 days were subcultured in MA medium (medium (a)) or MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)) and cultured for further 7 days. After completion of the culture, the OD 750 of the final medium was measured. The growth status of partita (haploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 23.
- the growth pre-cultured in the medium (B) was more suppressed in the medium cultured in the NaCl ⁇ ⁇ 0 mM medium than in the culture pre-cultured in the medium (A).
- those pre-cultured in the medium (B) had a lower growth inhibition rate than those pre-cultured in the medium (A).
- FIG. Partita (diploid) was pre-cultured for one week using MA medium (medium (A)) or MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, main culture was performed for 7 days in an MA medium in which the NaCl concentration was changed between 0 and 1000 mM. After completion of the main culture, the final OD 750 of the medium was measured. The growth status of partita (diploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 24.
- G.A After pre-culture in the medium (B), G.A.
- the algal cells obtained by main culture of partita (diploid) for 7 days were subcultured in MA medium (medium (a)) or MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)), and further cultured for 7 days. After completion of the culture, the OD 750 of the final medium was measured. The growth status of partita (diploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 25.
- the growth in the medium having a high NaCl concentration tended to be improved as compared with the medium pre-cultured in the medium (A).
- Galdieria sulphuraria (SAG108.79) (haploid) was pre-cultured for one week using MA medium (medium (A)) or MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, main culture was performed for 7 days in an MA medium in which the NaCl concentration was changed between 0 and 1000 mM. After completion of the main culture, the final OD 750 of the medium was measured. The growth status of Sulfuraria (haploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 26.
- G.A After pre-culture in the medium (B), G.A.
- the algal cells obtained by main culture of Sulfuraria (haploid) for 7 days were subcultured in MA medium (medium (a)) or MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)), and further cultured for 7 days. After completion of the culture, the OD 750 of the final medium was measured. The growth status of Sulfuraria (haploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 27.
- FIG. Sulfuraria (diploid) was precultured for one week using MA medium (medium (A)) or MA + 0.3M NaCl (medium (B)). After the preculture, main culture was performed for 7 days in an MA medium in which the NaCl concentration was changed between 0 and 1000 mM. After completion of the main culture, the final OD 750 of the medium was measured. The growth status of Sulfuraria (diploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 28.
- G.A The algal cells obtained by main culture of S. sulphuraria (diploid) for 7 days were subcultured in MA medium (medium (a)) or MA + 0.5M NaCl medium (medium (c)), and further cultured for 7 days. After completion of the culture, the OD 750 of the final medium was measured. The growth status of Sulfuraria (diploid) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 29.
- the growth in the medium with a high NaCl concentration tended to be higher in the medium pre-cultured in the medium (B) than in the medium pre-cultured in the medium (A).
- the preculture was performed at a NaCl concentration of 0.3 M, and the NaCl of 0.5 M or more was compared with the preculture performed at 0 M NaCl. It was confirmed that the growth in the main culture at the concentration was improved. As a result, the value calculated by the equation (1) became 2 or more. In addition, after culturing at a NaCl concentration of 0.3 M or more, it was confirmed that the growth at a 0 M NaCl concentration was suppressed as compared with the case of pre-culturing with 0 M NaCl.
- the growth rate in a medium having a NaCl concentration of 0.5 M tended to be higher than that in a medium having a NaCl concentration of 0 M. It was also confirmed that after main culture at a NaCl concentration of 0.5 M, it was possible to subculture to a medium having a NaCl concentration of 0.5 M. In addition, it was confirmed that by performing the preculture at a NaCl concentration of 0.3 M, even a haploid freshwater microalgae could grow in a high NaCl concentration range of 500 to 1000 mM. When outdoor culture is assumed, salt concentration may fluctuate during culture due to evaporation of water or inflow of rainwater.
- HKN1 (haploid) was pre-cultured in MA + 0.3M NaCl medium (medium (B)) for 7 days, and further pre-cultured in seawater medium for one week.
- the above-mentioned HKN1 (haploid) was subcultured in 10 L of a seawater medium, and main culture was performed.
- the main culture was performed in a greenhouse, and the light, temperature, and CO 2 concentration were not controlled.
- the main culture was performed by aeration culture, and the culture period was from May 13, 2019 to July 1, 2019.
- the culture was sampled periodically and the absorbance at 750 nm was measured. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, it was confirmed that even on a 10 L scale, it was possible to grow well in a seawater medium.
- HKN1 (haploid) was cultured in MA medium, MA + 0.3M NaCl medium, or MA + 0.5 NaCl medium for 7 days.
- the culture was centrifuged (1500 ⁇ g, 5 minutes), the supernatant was removed, and the pellet was collected.
- Each algal cell collected as a pellet was treated by any of the following treatments 1 to 3.
- Treatment 1 Suspended in 2 mL of MA medium and vortexed for 10 minutes.
- Treatment 2 Suspended in 2 mL of the same medium as used in the above culture, and vortexed for 10 minutes.
- Treatment 3 After suspending in 0.1 mL of the same medium as that used for the culture, freeze at -196 ° C., make up to 2 mL with the same medium as the medium used for the culture, and vortex for 10 minutes. Shake.
- the kill rate of the algal cells by Treatment 1 was calculated by the following formula.
- ⁇ Death rate (%) ⁇ (PC concentration after treatment 2 ⁇ PC concentration after treatment 1) / (PC concentration after treatment 2 ⁇ PC concentration after treatment 3) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- PC concentration was measured by measuring the absorbance at 620 nm and 678 nm using a spectrophotometer (UV-2600; Shimadzu Corporation) equipped with an integrating sphere (ISR-2600Plus; Shimadzu Corporation).
- the PC concentration was calculated by the following equation.
- PC concentration ( ⁇ g / ml) 138.5 ⁇ A 620 ⁇ 35.49 ⁇ A 678
- Example 20 The killing rate of algal cells by the above treatment 1 was calculated in the same manner as in Example 19, except that 10D was used instead of HKN1 (haploid). The results are shown in Table 31.
- Example 21 G.K. Except for using partita (haploid), the killing rate of algal cells by the treatment 1 was calculated in the same manner as in Example 19. Table 32 shows the results.
- Example 22 G.K. Except for using Sulfuraria (haploid), the killing rate of algal cells by the treatment 1 was calculated in the same manner as in Example 19. The results are shown in Table 33.
- freshwater microalgae which can satisfactorily grow freshwater microalgae in a low pH and high sodium ion concentration environment, and can be satisfactorily grown in a low pH and high sodium ion concentration environment And a method for producing the freshwater microalgae.
- freshwater microalgae can be cultured in large quantities with inexpensive seawater, which is useful for producing useful substances using algae. Furthermore, if freshwater microalgae are cultured in large quantities, they are expected to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2018年10月2日に、日本に出願された特願2018-187763号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
微細藻類の産業上利用については、コスト面等から、高価な機能性食品等の利用形態に限られている。微細藻類の生産コストを抑制して産業利用を促進するためには、屋外における大量培養が好ましい。屋外大量培養は、管理が簡易などの特徴を有するものの、コンタミネーションのリスクがあり、また直接外部環境の影響を受けるほか、藻類捕食者等の侵入も問題となる。そのようなリスクを回避するため、屋外大量培養を行う微細藻類としては、環境変動(光、温度等)に耐性を有すること、他の生物が生存できないような条件で培養できること、高密度まで増殖可能であること、等の条件が求められる。
そのため、現在までに、産業的に実用化されているのは、クロレラ(Chlorella)、ユーグレナ(Euglena)、ドナリエラ(Dunaliella)、スピルリナ(Spirulina)等の数種に限られている。これらの藻類種は、屋外大量培養に成功しており、機能性食品やサプリメントの原料として利用されている。
特許文献1には、耐塩性藻類を、段階的に塩濃度を増加させた培地で培養することを特徴とする油脂成分を産生する方法が記載されている。特許文献1に記載の方法では、220nmの波長において、培地中の硝酸塩含有量を測定した場合、該含有量が、10mg/L以下となるときに、2段階目の塩濃度を増加させることを特徴としている。
特許文献2には、淡水に生息し、炭化水素類産生能を有する藻類シュードコリシスチス・エリプソイディア(Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea)の培養において、その炭化水素生産能の生産性を高めるために、培養を開始してから培地の光学濃度が飽和状態を示す光学濃度の2分の1の光学濃度に達するまでの間に、培地に塩を投入することが開示されている。
特許文献3には、ドコサヘキサエン酸を産生するクリプセコディニウム(Crypthecodinium)属の培養において、藻体内にドコサヘキサエン酸を蓄積させるために、培養液の食塩濃度を前記藻類の生育に好適な食塩濃度より0.1~10重量%高い値に設定して培養する方法が開示されている。
特許文献1~3に記載の方法は、微細藻類に塩ストレスを与えて、炭化水素生産能やドコサヘキサエン酸生産能を高めようとするものであり、屋外培養におけるコンタミネーションリスクの抑制を目的とするものではない。
[1]微細藻類の培養方法であって、淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で、培養温度が15~60℃で培養する培養工程を含む、淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
[2]淡水産微細藻類の培養方法であって、淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で培養する前培養工程と、前記前培養工程後の淡水産微細藻類を、ナトリウムイオン濃度が前記前培養工程における前記ナトリウムイオン濃度の1.2~5倍であり水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地で培養する本培養工程と、を含む、[1]に記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
[3]前記本培養工程における前記培地が、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5M以上となるように調製した培地である、[1]又は[2]に記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
[4]前記本培養工程における前記培地が、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.4M以上となるように調製した培地である、[1]又は[2]に記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
[5]前記本培養工程における前記培地が、海水に、窒素含有塩、リン含有塩及び鉄含有塩を少なくとも添加し、且つ水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
[6]前記淡水産微細藻類が、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
[7]ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5M以上である培地で増殖できない淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で培養する工程を含む、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5M以上となるように調製した培地で増殖可能な淡水産微細藻類の生産方法。
[8]前記淡水産微細藻類が、シアニジウム属に属する微細藻類の1倍体である、[7]に記載の淡水産微細藻類の生産方法。
[9]前記淡水産微細藻類が、ガルデリア属に属する微細藻類の1倍体である、[7]に記載の淡水産微細藻類の生産方法。
[10]イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体であって、水素イオン濃度pH2.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5Mとなるように調製したM-Allen培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2以上であり、水素イオン濃度pH2.0となるように調製したM-Allen培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2未満である、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体。
(培養開始7日後のOD750値-培養開始時のOD750値)/(7×培養開始時OD750値) (1)
[11]水素イオン濃度pH7の等張液、または蒸留水中で細胞が破裂する、[10]に記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体。
[12]藻類細胞の乾燥処理を行い、前記乾燥処理後の細胞をpH7の等張液に懸濁すると、前記細胞が破裂する、[10]または[11]に記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体。
[13]前記[10]~[12]のいずれか1つに記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体を、海水に、窒素含有塩、リン含有塩及び鉄含有塩を少なくとも添加し、且つ水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地で培養することを含む、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体の培養方法。
[14]前記[10]~[12]のいずれか1つに記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類を屋外で培養することを含む、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類1倍体の培養方法。
[15]淡水産微細藻類として、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体であって、水素イオン濃度pH2.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5Mとなるように調製したM-Allen培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2以上であり、水素イオン濃度pH2.0となるように調製したM-Allen培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2未満である、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.4M以上となるように調製した培地で培養することを含む、淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
(培養開始7日後のOD750値-培養開始時のOD750値)/(7×培養開始時OD750値) (1)
[16]淡水産微細藻類として、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体であって、水素イオン濃度pH2.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5Mとなるように調製したM-Allen培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2以上であり、水素イオン濃度pH2.0となるように調製したM-Allen培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2未満である、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.4M以上となるように調製した培地で培養することを含む、淡水産微細藻類の生産方法。
(培養開始7日後のOD750値-培養開始時のOD750値)/(7×培養開始時OD750値) (1)
一実施形態において、本発明は、淡水産微細藻類の培養方法を提供する。本実施形態の培養方法は、淡水産細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で、培養温度が15~60℃で培養する培養工程を含む。前記培養方法は、淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で培養する前培養工程と、前記前培養工程後の淡水産微細藻類を、ナトリウムイオン濃度が前記前培養工程における前記ナトリウムイオン濃度の1.2~5倍であり水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地で培養する本培養工程と、を含むことが好ましい。
本培養工程における培地のナトリウムイオン濃度及びpHとは、本培養工程の培養開始時のナトリウムイオン濃度及びpHをそれぞれ意味する。本培養工程の培養開始時の培地が「ナトリウムイオン濃度が前培養工程におけるナトリウムイオン濃度の1.2~5倍」であり「pH1.0~6.0」である限り、本培養期間中に、ナトリウムイオン濃度又はpHが変動して前記範囲を外れた場合であっても、本実施形態の培養方法の本培養工程に包含される。
本実施形態の培養方法は、pH1.0~6.0の酸性条件下で増殖可能な淡水産微細藻類に適用可能である。「淡水産微細藻類」とは、淡水域に生息する微細藻類を意味する。淡水のナトリウムイオン濃度は、通常、0.05質量%未満である。淡水域は、特に限定されず、河川、湖沼、温泉、地下水等が挙げられるが、pH1.0~6.0の酸性条件の淡水域であることが好ましい。そのような酸性条件の淡水域としては、酸性温泉(硫酸酸性温泉など)が好ましく例示される。本明細書において、「微細藻類」とは、単細胞の藻類を意味する。
以下、YFU3株について、2倍体の細胞形態と1倍体の細胞形態とを区別して記載する場合には、2倍体の細胞形態を「YFU3株(2倍体)」、1倍体の細胞形態を「YFU3株(1倍体)」と記載する。同様に、HKN1株について、2倍体の細胞形態と1倍体の細胞形態とを区別して記載する場合には、2倍体の細胞形態を「HKN1株(2倍体)」、1倍体の細胞形態を「HKN1株(1倍体)」と記載する。単に、「YFU3株」又は「HKN1株」と記載する場合には、2倍体の細胞形態及び1倍体の細胞形態の両方を包含するものとする。
あるいは、DAPI等の核染色試薬で細胞を染色し、1倍体であることが既知である細胞と比較して、同等の蛍光輝度を示す細胞を1倍体と判定し、約2倍の蛍光輝度を示す細胞を2倍体と判定してもよい。あるいは、DAPI等の核染色試薬で細胞を染色し、2倍体であることが既知である細胞と比較して、同等の蛍光輝度を示す細胞を2倍体と判定し、約1/2倍の蛍光輝度を示す細胞を1倍体と判定してもよい。
HKN1株は、日本国神奈川県足柄下郡箱根町の温泉の高温酸性水より単離された単細胞紅藻である。HKN1株(1倍体)は、2017年5月30日付で、受託番号FERM P-22333として、独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構特許微生物寄託センターに寄託され、受託番号FERM BP-22333として、2018年4月20日付で国際寄託に移管されている。
(B)藻類細胞を蒸留水に懸濁し、1分以上放置する。
(C)藻類細胞の乾燥処理を行い、pH7の等張液に懸濁する。
上記(A)~(C)において、藻類細胞が培養細胞である場合、各処理を行う前に、遠心分離等により培地を除去し、等張液等で藻類細胞を洗浄してもよい。
上記(A)及び(C)において、等張液としては、10%スクロース及び20mMのHEPESを含むpH7の緩衝液が挙げられる。
上記(C)において、乾燥処理としては、冷蔵庫内(4℃)での乾燥、凍結乾燥等が挙げられる。乾燥処理には、遠心分離により回収した藻類細胞の沈殿を用いる。冷蔵庫内で乾燥する場合、乾燥処理時間は、藻類細胞の量によるが、3日以上が例示される。
pH7の条件下で、その細胞が破裂する微細藻類であれば、培養槽の外に流出した場合に、外部環境で生育することが困難であり、環境へのコンタミネーションを抑制することができる。
藻類細胞が強固な細胞壁を有さない場合、光学顕微鏡による観察(例えば、倍率600倍)では、通常、細胞壁が観察されない。なお、pH6以下の条件での温和な低張処理により細胞破裂が生じるか否かは、強固な細胞壁を有さない微細藻類であるか否かの判定には影響しない。
前培養工程は、淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で培養する工程である。
淡水産微細藻類用培地は、特に限定されず、培養する淡水産微細藻類の種類に応じて適宜適切なものを選択すればよい。淡水産微細藻類用培地としては、例えば、窒素源、リン源、鉄源、微量元素(亜鉛、ホウ素、コバルト、銅、マンガン、モリブデンなど)等を含む無機塩培地が例示される。例えば、窒素源としては、アンモニウム塩、硝酸塩、亜硝酸塩、尿素、アミン類等が挙げられ、リン源としては、リン酸塩、亜リン酸塩等が挙げられ、鉄源としては、塩化鉄、硫酸鉄、クエン酸鉄等が挙げられる。淡水産微細藻類用培地の具体例としては、例えば、2×Allen培地(Allen MB. Arch. Microbiol. 1959 32:270-277.)、M-Allen培地(Minoda A et al. Plant Cell Physiol. 2004 45: 667-71.)、MA2培地(Ohnuma M et al. Plant Cell Physiol. 2008 Jan;49(1):117-20.)等が挙げられる。なお、本明細書においては、M-Allen培地を「MA培地」と記載することがある。
例えば、本培養工程におけるナトリウムイオン濃度を海水と同程度(約0.5M)とする場合、前培養工程におけるナトリウムイオン濃度は0.25M以上であることが好ましく、0.25~0.35Mであることがより好ましく、0.25~0.3Mであることがさらに好ましい。
培地のナトリウムイオン濃度の調整は、市販のナトリウムイオン試薬を用いてもよく、食塩を用いて行ってもよい。また、天然海水、濃縮海水、人工海水等をナトリウムイオン濃度が0.1~0.4Mとなるように希釈し、適宜、窒素源、リン源、鉄源、及び微量元素等を添加して用いてもよい。天然海水としては、表層水又は海洋深層水をろ過したものを使用できるほか、市販品も使用可能である。天然海水の市販品としては、例えば、ナジーム10(伊豆10mの表層海水)、及びナジーム800(伊豆赤沢800m海洋深層水)(いずれも日本QCE bluelab事業部)等が挙げられる。人工海水の市販品としては、例えば、ダイゴIMK培地、ダイゴ人工海水SP(いずれも日本製薬株式会社)等が挙げられる。
ナトリウムイオン 1.0556質量%
マグネシウムイオン 0.1272質量%
カルシウムイオン 0.0400質量%
カリウムイオン 0.0380質量%
ストロンチウムイオン 0.0008質量%
塩化物イオン 1.8980質量%
硫酸イオン0.2649質量%
臭化物イオン 0.0065質量%
炭酸水素イオン 0.0140質量%
フッ化物イオン 0.0001質量%
ホウ酸 0.0026質量%
培地のpH調整は、例えば、硫酸、塩酸等の無機酸、水酸化カリウム等の無機塩基等を用いて行うことができる。また、培養中のpH変動を抑制するために、任意に、pH緩衝剤を培地に添加してもよい。
前培養工程における光条件は、淡水産微細藻類の種類に応じて適宜選択すればよい。一般的には、5~2000μmol/m2sを例示することができる。淡水産微細藻類が、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類である場合、5~1500μmol/m2sが好ましい。光条件は、連続光であってもよく、明暗周期(10L:14Dなど)を設けてもよい。前培養工程は、自然光下で行ってもよい。
前培養工程におけるCO2条件は、淡水産微細藻類の種類に応じて適宜選択すればよい。一般的には、0.04~5%CO2条件を例示することができる。淡水産微細藻類が、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類である場合、0.04~3%CO2条件が好ましい。イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の中でも、ガルデリア属は高CO2濃度耐性が高く、100%CO2でも生育可能であるため、淡水産微細藻類がガルデリア属に属する微細藻類である場合には、100%CO2条件としてもよい。また、CO2条件は、大気中CO2濃度であってもよい。
前培養のスケールは本培養のスケールに応じて選択することが出来る。本培養で微細藻類の育種や変異株の選択等小スケールで培養する場合は、前培養を小スケールで行うことができ、通常は、0.1~1000mLで行われる。また、本培養で工業的に大量生産が行われる場合には、前培養を1~10L程度で行われる場合もある。
本培養工程は、前記前培養工程後の淡水産微細藻類を、ナトリウムイオン濃度が前培養工程におけるナトリウムイオン濃度の1.2~5倍であり水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地で培養する工程である。
窒素含有塩としては、アンモニウム塩、硝酸塩、及び亜硝酸塩等の窒素含有無機塩類等が挙げられる。中でも、窒素含有塩としては、アンモニウム塩(硫酸アンモニウムなど)が好ましい。アンモニウム塩の海水への添加量としては、アンモニウムイオン濃度として、20~100mMが例示される。
リン含有塩としては、リン酸塩、及び亜リン酸塩等のリン含有無機塩類等が挙げられる。中でも、リン含有有塩としては、リン酸塩(リン酸二水素カリウムなど)が好ましい。リン酸塩の海水への添加量としては、リン酸イオン濃度として、2~10mMが例示される。
鉄含有塩としては、塩化鉄(III)、硫酸鉄(II)、クエン酸鉄(II)及びこれらの水和物等が挙げられる。中でも、鉄含有塩としては、塩化鉄(III)が好ましい。鉄含有塩の海水への添加量としては、鉄イオン濃度として、0.1~2mMが例示される。
その他、海水には、ホウ酸、マンガン、亜鉛、モリブデン、コバルト、銅等の微量元素を添加することが好ましい。
淡水産微細藻類がイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類である場合、本培養工程で用いる培地の具体例としては、後述の表9に記載の「海水培地」が好ましく例示される。
また、本培養工程を屋外で行う場合には、他の生物のコンタミネーションを抑制するために、0.5M以上のナトリウムイオン濃度を用いることもできる。例えば、ナトリウムイオン濃度を0.5~1Mとしてもよい。
培地のナトリウムイオン濃度の調整は、前記前培養工程における培地と同様に行うことができる。
また、本培養工程を屋外で行う場合には、他の生物のコンタミネーションを抑制するために、より低いpH(pH1.0~2.0など)を用いることもできる。
培地のpH調整は、前記前培養工程における培地と同様に行うことができる。
また、本培養工程は、屋外で培養を行ってもよい。この場合、温度条件、光条件及びCO2条件は、培養槽が設置された外部環境の条件とすることができる。本培養工程を屋外培養とした場合でも、pH1.0~6.0の酸性条件下での培養であるため、他の生物の混入を抑制することができる。また、淡水産微細藻類として、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体を用いた場合、pH7の環境下での生存が困難であるため、屋外の培養槽から外部環境に放出された場合でも当該環境の汚染が抑制される。
一実施形態において、本発明は、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5M以上となるように調製した培地で増殖可能な淡水産微細藻類の生産方法を提供する。本実施形態の淡水産微細藻類の生産方法は、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5M以上である培地で増殖できない淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で培養する工程を含む。
淡水産微細藻類が、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5M以上である培地で増殖できないか否かは、対象の淡水産微細藻類をナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5M以上である培地で培養し、経時的に細胞濁度(OD750)を測定することにより確認することができる。培養開始時から、OD750が上昇しない場合には、当該淡水産微細藻類は、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5M以上である培地で増殖できない淡水産微細藻類であると判定することができる。
また、淡水産微細藻類は、pH1.0~6.0で増殖可能であることが好ましい。
そのような淡水産微細藻類としては、例えば、シアニジウム属に属する微細藻類の1倍体が挙げられる。シアニジウム属に属する微細藻類の1倍体の具体例としては、HKN1株(1倍体)及びYFU3株(1倍体)が挙げられる。
本発明の1実施形態に係るイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体は、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5Mのような高塩濃度の培地で生育するが、天然のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体は生育ができない。しかし、本発明の1実施形態に係る培養方法により、前培養期間中に耐塩性を獲得すると、0.5Mのナトリウムイオン濃度の培地でも生育できるようになる。このとき、前培養期間中よりも短期間の誘導期の後、対数増殖を開始する特徴があり、この特徴はさらに培地を植え継いでも同様である。しかも、耐塩性獲得をした本発明の1倍体藻類は、NaClを添加していないMA培地に植え継ぐと、生育しないかまたは生育が不良となってしまうという特徴がある。
生育が良好かどうかについては、コントロールの培養条件と比較することによってもできるが、本発明の1実施形態においては、自己の培養初期状態の細胞数と所定期間経過する間に増大した細胞数の比の大小により検討する。具体的には式(1)により計算する。細胞数は培養液の750nmにおける吸光度ODを測定することにより求め、所定期間は7日間とし、式(1)の値が2以上の場合は生育が良好であり、2未満の場合は生育が不良であるとする。生育が不良の原因としては、環境条件に馴化するのに時間を要することや、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体は強固な細胞壁を持たないために高張液の浸透圧に耐えられず細胞が破壊されて死滅していることが考えられる。細胞が破壊されていることの確認については顕微鏡で観察することが考えられるが、定量性を確保することが困難である。そのため、本発明の1実施形態においては、細胞の内容物であるフィコシアニンの量を測定することで定量的な考察を行う。
(培養開始7日後のOD750値-培養開始時のOD750値)/(7×培養開始時OD750値)で示される培養速度 (1)
(培養開始7日後のOD750値-培養開始時のOD750値)/(7×培養開始時OD750値) (1)
培養は、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光の条件で、7日間の静置培養で行う。培養スケールは、特に限定されないが、例えば、24穴プレートを用いて、1mLの培養液で培養することができる。
MA+0.5M NaCl培地で培養を行った後、2mLの前記培地に懸濁したときにOD750=1となる量の藻類細胞を回収し、下記の処理1~3を行う。
処理1:MA培地2mLに懸濁し、ボルテックスで10分間振盪する。
処理2:MA+0.5M NaCl培地2mLに懸濁し、ボルテックスで10分間振盪する。
処理3:MA+0.5M NaCl培地0.1mLに懸濁後、-196℃で凍結し、前記培地で2mLとなるようにメスアップし、ボルテックスで10分間振盪する。
死滅率(%)={(処理2後のPC濃度-処理1後のPC濃度)/(処理2後のPC濃度-処理3後のPC濃度)}×100
前記式中、「PC濃度」は、フィコシアニン濃度を表す。PC濃度は、処理1~3のいずれかを行った後の懸濁液について、積分球を取り付けた分光光度計を用いて、620nm及び678nmの吸光度を測定することにより求めることができる。PC濃度は、620nm及び678nmの吸光度から、下記式により算出することができる。
PC濃度(μg/ml)=138.5×A620-35.49×A678
(a)天然の前記微細藻類の1倍体と比較して、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5MであるpH1.0~6.0の培地での培養開始後7日間の増殖速度が大きい。
(b)天然の前記微細藻類の1倍体と比較して、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.05M以下であるpH1.0~6.0の培地での培養開始後7日間の増殖速度が小さい。
(c)ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.05M以下であるpH1.0~6.0の培地での培養開始後7日間の増殖速度と比較して、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5MであるpH1.0~6.0の培地での培養開始後7日間の増殖速度が大きい。
「天然のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体」とは、自然界で生息するイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体又は自然界で生息するイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の2倍体から得られた1倍体をいう。ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.05M以下であり、pH1.0~6.0となるように調製された培地で天然のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の2倍体を一定期間(例えば、1~3週間程度)、一定条件で培養し、減数分裂した微細藻類を顕微鏡下において物理的に選択し、天然のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体を得ることができる。
表1に示す組成のM-Allen培地(MA培地)を調製した。具体的には、A2 Fe stock以外の培地成分を混合し、硫酸でpH2.0に調整した後、オートクレーブにより滅菌した。オートクレーブ滅菌後、フィルター滅菌した4mLのA2 Fe stockを添加し、MA培地とした。
表2及び表3に、A2 trace element及びA2 Fe stockの組成をそれぞれ示す。
前培養に用いる場合
MA培地:培地(A)
MA+0.3M NaCl培地:培地(B)
MA+0.5M NaCl培地:培地(C)
本培養に用いる場合
MA培地:培地(a)
MA+0.3M NaCl培地:培地(b)
MA+0.5M NaCl培地:培地(c)
微細藻類の生育状況は、細胞濁度(OD750)により確認した。具体的には、吸光度計(BIO-RAD 社のSmartSpec Plus)を用いて、藻類培養液の750nmにおける吸光度を測定し、細胞濁度(OD750)を求めた。
シアニジウム・エスピー HKN1の培養は、前培養も本培養もともに、特に断りのない限り、CO2インキュベーター内での、静置培養により行った。培養温度は42℃とし、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光を用い、CO2濃度は2%とした。特に断りのない限り、培養は、24穴プレートで、1mLの培養液で行った。
シアニディオシゾン・メロラエ 10Dの培養は、前培養も本培養もともに、特に断りのない限り、通気培養(300mL ambient air/min)により行った。培養温度は42℃とし、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光を用いた。特に断りのない限り、培養は、24穴プレートで、1mLの培養液で行った。
シアニジウム・エスピー HKN1及びシアニディオシゾン・メロラエ 10Dのいずれも、前培養開始時及び本培養開始時の細胞濁度は、OD750=0.1となるようにした。特に断りのない限り、培養は、24穴プレートで、1mLの培養液で行った。
ポリリン酸の存在については次のようにDAPI染色により観察した。
培養液に最終濃度1%(w/v)になる様にglutaraldehydeを加えた後に、最終濃度が3μg/mLになる様にDAPIを加え、蛍光顕微鏡で観察した。
液胞の存在については次のようにキナクリン染色により観察した。
培養液に最終濃度が100mMになる様に1M Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)緩衝液を加えた後に、最終濃度が40μg/mLになる様にキナクリンを加え、15分間、室温で静置した。遠心後(1500g、5分)、上澄みを捨て、沈殿にMA培地を加え、37℃で30分静置し、蛍光顕微鏡で観察した。
シアニジウム・エスピー HKN1(1倍体)(以下、「HKN1(1倍体)」と略記する場合がある)を、MA培地(培地(A))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、培地(a)、(b)、又は(c)を用いて7日間静置培養した(本培養)。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(1倍体)の生育状況を確認した。
また、HKN1(1倍体)をMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、培地(a)、(b)、又は(c)を用いて7日間静置培養した(本培養)。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(1倍体)の生育状況を確認した。
結果を表6及び図1に示す。図1は、表1に示すOD750の変化をグラフにしたものである。
一方、前培養が培地(B)であった場合、本培養が培地(c)のときでも、上記培地(a)及び培地(b)の場合と同様の増殖を示した。
天然海水としてナジーム10(表層の海水:日本QCE bluelab事業部)を使用した。MA培地の成分をそれぞれ海水(ナジーム10)に添加して、HKN1(1倍体)を培養し、MA培地中のどの成分がHKN1(1倍体)の生育に寄与するのかを確認した。
本培養に用いた培地を表7~8に示す。ナジーム10に、表7~8に示すMA培地成分を添加して、硫酸でpH2.0に調整し、培地1~17を調製した。なお、マグネシウム及びカルシウムは、海水中に豊富に存在するため、培地1~16では、MgSO4及びCaCl2を添加しなかった。培地17は、ポジティブコントロールとして、MA培地相当のMgSO4及びCaCl2を添加した。
上記培地16の組成を表9に示す。以下の実施例で「海水培地」と表記するものは、表9に示す組成の培地である。表9中のA2 trace element及びA2 Fe stockは、それぞれ表2及び表3に示すものである。
HKN1(1倍体)をMA+0.3M NaCl培地(培地(B))で1週間前培養し、MA+0.5M NaCl培地(ポジティブコントロール)(培地(c))又は海水培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(1倍体)の生育状況を確認した。
結果を表10及び図2に示す。図2は、表10に示すOD750の変化をグラフにしたものである。
HKN1(1倍体)の生育に及ぼすpHの影響を確認するために、pHをpH2~7の間で変化させた海水培地をそれぞれ用意した。pHの調製は、硫酸又は水酸化カリウムを用いて行った。
HKN1(1倍体)をMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))で1週間前培養し、上述のようにpHを調整した各海水培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(1倍体)の生育状況を確認した。
結果を表11、及び図3に示す。図3は、表11に示すOD750をグラフにしたものである。
シアニジウム・エスピー HKN1(2倍体)(以下、「HKN1(2倍体)」と略記する場合がある)を、MA培地(培地(A))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、培地(a)、(b)、又は(c)を用いて7日間静置培養した(本培養)。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(2倍体)の生育状況を確認した。
また、HKN1(2倍体)をMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、培地(a)、(b)、又は(c)を用いて7日間静置培養した(本培養)。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(2倍体)の生育状況を確認した。
結果を表12及び図4に示す。図4は、表12に示すOD750の変化をグラフにしたものである。
HKN1(2倍体)をMA+0.3M NaCl培地(培地(B))で1週間前培養し、MA+0.5M NaCl培地(ポジティブコントロール)(培地(c))又は海水培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(2倍体)の生育状況を確認した。
結果を表13及び図5に示す。図5は、表13に示すOD750の変化をグラフにしたものである。
シアニディオシゾン・メロラエ 10D(以下、「10D)」と略記する場合がある)を、MA培地(培地(A))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、培地(a)、(b)、又は(c)を用いて7日間静置培養した(本培養)。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、10Dの生育状況を確認した。
また、10DをMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、培地(a)、(b)、又は(c)を用いて7日間静置培養した(本培養)。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、10Dの生育状況を確認した。
結果を表14及び図6に示す。図6は、表14に示すOD750の変化をグラフにしたものである。
一方、前培養が培地(B)であった場合、本培養が培地(c)のときでも、培養開始時から、上記培地(a)及び培地(b)の場合と同様の増殖を示した。
10DをMA+0.3M NaCl培地(培地(B))で1週間前培養し、MA+0.5M NaCl培地(ポジティブコントロール)(培地(c))又は海水培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養中、経時的に培地のOD750を測定して、10Dの生育状況を確認した。
結果を表15及び図7に示す。図7は、表15に示すOD750の変化をグラフにしたものである。
MA培地で1週間培養したHKN1(1倍体)を、OD750=0.1となるようにMA培地に移植して、7日間、CO2インキュベーター内(2%CO2)で静置培養し、HKN1(1倍体)のMA培地培養品とした。 MA培地で1週間培養したHKN1(1倍体)を、MA培地+0.3M NaClで1週間前培養した後、MA培地+0.5M NaCl培地に移植し、7日間、CO2インキュベーター内(2%CO2)で静置培養した。これを、MA培地+0.5M NaCl培地培養品とした。
MA培地で1週間培養したHKN1(1倍体)を、MA培地+0.3M NaClで1週間前培養した後、海水培地に移植し、7日間、CO2インキュベーター内(2%CO2)で静置培養した。これを海水培地培養品とした。
各培地培養品について、DAPIによりポリリン酸の定性分析を、キナクリンにより液胞の定性分析を行った。
結果を図8に示す。
MA培地培養品、MA培地+0.5M NaCl培地培養品、海水培地培養品をDAPIで染色したところ、MA培地培養品にのみポリリン酸が認められた。ポリリン酸が存在すると言われる液胞をキナクリンで染色したところ、液胞の染色のされ方に違いはなかった。
藻類としてHKN1(2倍体)を用いたこと以外は実施例9と同様にして培養して、MA培地培養品、MA培地+0.5M NaCl培地培養品、及び海水培地培養品の3種類の培養品を製造した。それぞれ、実施例9と同様に、DAPIによりポリリン酸の定性分析を、キナクリンにより液胞の定性分析を行った。
結果を図9に示す。MA培地培養品にはポリリン酸が確認できなかったが、MA培地+0.5M NaCl培地培養品および海水培地培養品では、表層付近を中心にポリリン酸が観察された。また、ポリリン酸が存在すると言われる液胞はいずれの培養品も同様に観察された。
10Dを、MA培地(培地(A))又はMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、NaCl濃度を0~1000mMの間で変化させたMA培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、10Dの生育状況を確認した。結果を表16に示す。
また、培地(B)での前培養後、MA+0.5M NaCl培地(培地(c))で10Dを7日間本培養して得られた藻類細胞を、MA培地(培地(a))又はMA+0.5M NaCl培地(培地(c))に植え継ぎ、さらに7日間培養した。培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、10Dの生育状況を確認した。結果を表17に示す。
また、培地(c)で本培養して得られた藻類細胞は、培養液を遠心後に藻類細胞を回収し、pH7の蒸留水に投入したところ、細胞が破裂することが確認された。
HKN1(1倍体)を、MA培地(培地(A))又はMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、NaCl濃度を0~1000mMの間で変化させたMA培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(1倍体)の生育状況を確認した。結果を表18に示す。
HKN1(2倍体)を、MA培地(培地(A))又はMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、NaCl濃度を0~1000mMの間で変化させたMA培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、HKN1(2倍体)の生育状況を確認した。結果を表20に示す。
Galdieria partita (NBRC 102759)(1倍体)を、MA培地(培地(A))又はMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、NaCl濃度を0~1000mMの間で変化させたMA培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、G. partita(1倍体)の生育状況を確認した。結果を表22に示す。
G. partita(2倍体)を、MA培地(培地(A))又はMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、NaCl濃度を0~1000mMの間で変化させたMA培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、G. partita(2倍体)の生育状況を確認した。結果を表24に示す。
Galdieria sulphuraria(SAG108.79)(1倍体)を、MA培地(培地(A))又はMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、NaCl濃度を0~1000mMの間で変化させたMA培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、G. sulphuraria(1倍体)の生育状況を確認した。結果を表26に示す。
G. sulphuraria(2倍体)を、MA培地(培地(A))又はMA+0.3M NaCl(培地(B))を用いて1週間前培養した。前記前培養後、NaCl濃度を0~1000mMの間で変化させたMA培地で、7日間、本培養した。本培養終了後、最終的な培地のOD750を測定して、G. sulphuraria(2倍体)の生育状況を確認した。結果を表28に示す。
また、0.3MのNaCl濃度で前培養を行うことにより、1倍体の淡水産微細藻類でも、500~1000mMの高NaCl濃度の範囲で増殖可能であることが確認された。屋外培養を想定した場合、水の蒸発や、雨水の流入により、培養中に塩濃度が変動することが考えられる。上記の結果より、0.3MのNaCl濃度で前培養したイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体は、塩濃度の変動に対する寛容性を示し、屋外培養に十分耐えることが示された。
HKN1(1倍体)を、MA+0.3M NaCl培地(培地(B))で7日間前培養した後、さらに海水培地で1週間前培養した。次いで、前記のHKN1(1倍体)を、10Lの海水培地に植え継いで本培養を行った。本培養は、ビニールハウス中で行い、光、温度及びCO2濃度の制御は行わなかった。本培養は、通気培養で行い、培養期間は、2019年5月13日~2019年7月1日とした。定期的に培養液をサンプリングし、750nmの吸光度を測定した。その結果を図10に示す。
図10に示すように、10Lのスケールでも、海水培地で良好に増殖できることが確認された。
HKN1(1倍体)を、MA培地、MA+0.3M NaCl培地、又はMA+0.5 NaCl培地で7日間培養した。2mLの培地に懸濁したときに、OD750=1となる量の藻類細胞を含む培養液を3本のマイクロチューブに回収した。培養液の遠心分離(1500×g、5分)を行い、上清を除去し、ペレットを回収した。ペレットとして回収した各藻類細胞を、下記処理1~3のいずれかで処理した。
処理1:MA培地2mLに懸濁し、ボルテックスで10分間振盪した。
処理2:前記培養に用いた培地と同じ培地2mLに懸濁し、ボルテックスで10分間振盪した。
処理3:前記培養に用いた培地と同じ培地0.1mLに懸濁後、-196℃で凍結し、前記培養に用いた培地と同じ培地で2mLとなるようにメスアップし、ボルテックスで10分間振盪した。
PC濃度(μg/ml)=138.5×A620-35.49×A678
HKN1(1倍体)に替えて10Dを用いたこと以外は、実施例19と同様の方法で、前記処理1による藻類細胞の死滅率を算出した。その結果を表31に示す。
HKN1(1倍体)に替えてG. partita(1倍体)を用いたこと以外は、実施例19と同様の方法で、前記処理1による藻類細胞の死滅率を算出した。その結果を表32に示す。
HKN1(1倍体)に替えてG. sulphuraria(1倍体)を用いたこと以外は、実施例19と同様の方法で、前記処理1による藻類細胞の死滅率を算出した。その結果を表33に示す。
本発明によれば、安価に入手できる海水により淡水酸微細藻類を大量に培養することができるので、藻類を利用した有用物質の生産に有用である。さらに、淡水酸微細藻類が大量に培養されれば、それによって大気中の二酸化炭素を吸収することも期待される。
Claims (12)
- 淡水産微細藻類の培養方法であって、
淡水産細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で、培養温度が15~60℃で培養する培養工程を含む、
淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。 - 淡水産微細藻類の培養方法であって、
淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で培養する前培養工程と、
前記前培養工程後の淡水産微細藻類を、ナトリウムイオン濃度が前記前培養工程における前記ナトリウムイオン濃度の1.2~5倍であり水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地で培養する本培養工程と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。 - 前記本培養工程における前記培地が、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.4M以上となるように調製培地である、請求項1又は2に記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
- 前記本培養工程における前記培地が、海水に、窒素含有塩、リン含有塩及び鉄含有塩を少なくとも添加し、且つ水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
- 前記淡水産微細藻類が、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の淡水産微細藻類の培養方法。
- ナトリウムイオン濃度が0.5M以上である培地で増殖できない淡水産微細藻類を、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.1~0.4Mとなるように調製した培地で培養する工程を含む、水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5M以上となるように調製した培地で増殖可能な淡水産微細藻類の生産方法。
- 前記淡水産微細藻類が、シアニジウム属に属する微細藻類の1倍体である、請求項6に記載の淡水産微細藻類の生産方法。
- イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体であって、
水素イオン濃度pH2.0、ナトリウムイオン濃度0.5Mとなるように調製したMA培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2以上であり、
水素イオン濃度pH2.0となるように調整したMA培地で、培養温度42℃、二酸化炭素濃度2%、照度60μmol/m2sの連続光で7日間静置培養したときの下記式(1)で算出される値が2未満である、
イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体。
(培養開始7日後のOD750値-培養開始時のOD750値)/(7×培養開始時OD750値) (1) - 水素イオン濃度pH7の等張液、または蒸留水中で細胞が破裂する、請求項8に記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体。
- 藻類細胞の乾燥処理を行い、前記乾燥処理後の細胞をpH7の等張液に懸濁すると、前記細胞が破裂する、
請求項8又は9に記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体。 - 請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体を、海水に、窒素含有塩、リン含有塩及び鉄含有塩を少なくとも添加し、且つ水素イオン濃度pH1.0~6.0となるように調製した培地で培養することを含む、
イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の1倍体の培養方法。 - 請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載のイデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類を屋外で培養することを含む、イデユコゴメ綱に属する微細藻類の培養方法。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2019355498A AU2019355498B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 | 2019-10-02 | Method for culturing fresh water microalga |
CN201980064319.1A CN113015791A (zh) | 2018-10-02 | 2019-10-02 | 淡水微藻的培养方法 |
JP2020550515A JP7455386B2 (ja) | 2018-10-02 | 2019-10-02 | 淡水産微細藻類の培養方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018-187763 | 2018-10-02 | ||
JP2018187763 | 2018-10-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020071444A1 true WO2020071444A1 (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
Family
ID=70055231
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2019/038975 WO2020071444A1 (ja) | 2018-10-02 | 2019-10-02 | 淡水産微細藻類の培養方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP7455386B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN113015791A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2019355498B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020071444A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021149011A1 (en) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-29 | Uniwersytet Warszawski | Strain of unicellular red algae, method for obtaining unicellular red algae and use of the strain for bioremediation and for the preparation of biofuels |
WO2022045110A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | Dic株式会社 | 1倍体単細胞性紅藻の製造方法、及び1倍体単細胞性紅藻用培地 |
WO2022045109A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | Dic株式会社 | 崩壊性単細胞性紅藻の製造方法、及び崩壊性単細胞性紅藻用培地 |
JPWO2022080234A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-21 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0751051A (ja) * | 1993-08-17 | 1995-02-28 | Chikyu Kankyo Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kiko | 新規微細藻類及びそれを用いて高濃度二酸化炭素を固定する方法 |
JPH0759557A (ja) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-07 | Kaiyo Bio Technol Kenkyusho:Kk | 新規微細藻類 |
JPH08116965A (ja) * | 1994-10-25 | 1996-05-14 | Electric Power Dev Co Ltd | クロレラt−1株とそれを用いた炭酸ガス固定化方法 |
WO2015159959A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | 株式会社ユーグレナ | 藻類培養方法及び浸透圧調整物質の製造方法 |
JP2015192598A (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-05 | 学校法人立教学院 | 紅藻シアニジウム目のための脂質生産用培地組成物および脂質生産方法 |
JP2017123816A (ja) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-20 | 学校法人明治大学 | 食品、食品の加熱処理方法、フィコシアニンの製造方法、有機酸の製造方法、及び水素の製造方法 |
WO2017141318A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-24 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | 油脂の製造方法 |
WO2019107385A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構 | 新規微細藻類、及びその使用 |
WO2019131502A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-04 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | 脂質の生産方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103773687B (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2019-07-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种微藻的培养方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-10-02 JP JP2020550515A patent/JP7455386B2/ja active Active
- 2019-10-02 AU AU2019355498A patent/AU2019355498B2/en active Active
- 2019-10-02 CN CN201980064319.1A patent/CN113015791A/zh active Pending
- 2019-10-02 WO PCT/JP2019/038975 patent/WO2020071444A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0751051A (ja) * | 1993-08-17 | 1995-02-28 | Chikyu Kankyo Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kiko | 新規微細藻類及びそれを用いて高濃度二酸化炭素を固定する方法 |
JPH0759557A (ja) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-07 | Kaiyo Bio Technol Kenkyusho:Kk | 新規微細藻類 |
JPH08116965A (ja) * | 1994-10-25 | 1996-05-14 | Electric Power Dev Co Ltd | クロレラt−1株とそれを用いた炭酸ガス固定化方法 |
JP2015192598A (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-05 | 学校法人立教学院 | 紅藻シアニジウム目のための脂質生産用培地組成物および脂質生産方法 |
WO2015159959A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | 株式会社ユーグレナ | 藻類培養方法及び浸透圧調整物質の製造方法 |
JP2017123816A (ja) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-20 | 学校法人明治大学 | 食品、食品の加熱処理方法、フィコシアニンの製造方法、有機酸の製造方法、及び水素の製造方法 |
WO2017141318A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-24 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | 油脂の製造方法 |
WO2019107385A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構 | 新規微細藻類、及びその使用 |
WO2019131502A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-04 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | 脂質の生産方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
ALLEN, M. B.: "Studies with Cyanidium caldarium, an anomalously pigmented chlorophyte", ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE, vol. 32, 1959, pages 270 - 277 * |
SAKAJIRI, T. ET AL.: "Microarray Analysis Reveals S-Adenosylmethionine(SAM) Synthetase Involvement in Salt Tolerance of Cyanidioschyzon merolae", CYTOLOGIA, vol. 73, no. 3, 2008, pages 341 - 368, XP055704381 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021149011A1 (en) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-29 | Uniwersytet Warszawski | Strain of unicellular red algae, method for obtaining unicellular red algae and use of the strain for bioremediation and for the preparation of biofuels |
WO2022045110A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | Dic株式会社 | 1倍体単細胞性紅藻の製造方法、及び1倍体単細胞性紅藻用培地 |
WO2022045109A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | Dic株式会社 | 崩壊性単細胞性紅藻の製造方法、及び崩壊性単細胞性紅藻用培地 |
JPWO2022045110A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | ||
JPWO2022045109A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | ||
JP7233667B2 (ja) | 2020-08-24 | 2023-03-07 | Dic株式会社 | 崩壊性単細胞性紅藻の製造方法、及び崩壊性単細胞性紅藻用培地 |
JPWO2022080234A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-21 | ||
WO2022080234A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-21 | Dic株式会社 | ガルデリア属に属する藻類のゲノム改変方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113015791A (zh) | 2021-06-22 |
AU2019355498A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
JP7455386B2 (ja) | 2024-03-26 |
AU2019355498B2 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
JPWO2020071444A1 (ja) | 2021-11-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2020071444A1 (ja) | 淡水産微細藻類の培養方法 | |
Dineshkumar et al. | Cultivation of Spirulina platensis in different selective media | |
Hedayatkhah et al. | Bioremediation of chromium contaminated water by diatoms with concomitant lipid accumulation for biofuel production | |
Gami et al. | Cultivation of Spirulina species in different liquid media | |
CN109355223A (zh) | 一株具有氨氮降解功能的枯草芽孢杆菌n2及其应用 | |
Rao | Cultivation, growth media, division rates and applications of Dunaliella species | |
Nowruzi et al. | Optimization of cultivation conditions to maximize extracellular investments of two Nostoc strains | |
Chen et al. | Altered seawater salinity levels affected growth and photosynthesis of Ulva fasciata (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) germlings | |
Iranshahi et al. | The effect of salinity on morphological and molecular characters and physiological responses of Nostoc sp. ISC 101 | |
Hewlett et al. | In vitro culture of Pasteuria penetrans | |
Sujatha et al. | Effect of salinity on biomass and biochemical constituents of Spirulina platensis (Geitler). | |
KR101125666B1 (ko) | 자연해수를 이용한 조류 배양액 제조 방법 | |
CN106916748B (zh) | 金藻及其培养方法 | |
Gupta et al. | Vegetative survival of some wall and soil blue-green algae under stress conditions | |
USPP23858P3 (en) | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alga variety named ‘DG8-108’ | |
JP6611715B2 (ja) | オーランチオキトリウム(Aurantiochytrium)属藻類の低塩分濃度条件順化方法 | |
KR101972494B1 (ko) | 셀레늄 저항성 신규 미세조류 | |
Diaconu et al. | Study of different liquid media influence on Arthrospira platensis microalgae cultivation for environmental applications. | |
US11000035B2 (en) | Soil-borne disease control method, soil for plant cultivation use, and soil-borne disease control agent | |
Noor et al. | Spirulina culture in Bangladesh XII. Effects of different culture media, different culture vessels and different cultural conditions on coiled and straight filament characteristics of Spirulina | |
KR101125668B1 (ko) | 전처리 해수를 이용한 스피룰리나 배양액 제조 방법 | |
KR101343619B1 (ko) | 응집 활성이 우수한 신규한 아스로스피라 플라텐시스 | |
KR20060000307A (ko) | 신규한 베타-카로틴 생성 두날리에라 살리나(클로로파이세아)균주 및 이를 이용한 베타-카로틴의생산방법 | |
JP2016208941A (ja) | 至適温度より高い水温での微細藻類の培養速度の低下を抑制する方法 | |
Mahmood et al. | Evaluating harvesting of Chlorella sp. biomass and chemical composition under the influence of different concentrations of nutrients |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19869153 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2101001832 Country of ref document: TH |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020550515 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019355498 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20191002 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 19869153 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |