WO2020071320A1 - 半導体素子および半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体素子および半導体装置Info
- Publication number
- WO2020071320A1 WO2020071320A1 PCT/JP2019/038533 JP2019038533W WO2020071320A1 WO 2020071320 A1 WO2020071320 A1 WO 2020071320A1 JP 2019038533 W JP2019038533 W JP 2019038533W WO 2020071320 A1 WO2020071320 A1 WO 2020071320A1
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor region
- semiconductor
- mos capacitor
- region
- mos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D1/00—Resistors, capacitors or inductors
- H10D1/60—Capacitors
- H10D1/62—Capacitors having potential barriers
- H10D1/66—Conductor-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, e.g. MOS capacitors
- H10D1/665—Trench conductor-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, e.g. trench MOS capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/80—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs
- H10D84/811—Combinations of field-effect devices and one or more diodes, capacitors or resistors
- H10D84/813—Combinations of field-effect devices and capacitor only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/011—Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12
- H10F39/014—Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12 of CMOS image sensors
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor element and a semiconductor device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a semiconductor element having a MOS capacitor and a semiconductor device using the semiconductor element.
- a semiconductor element using a MOS capacitor formed on a semiconductor substrate as a capacitor has been used.
- a structure in which ap + (or n +) type semiconductor region serving as a lower electrode is formed in a surface layer portion of a p-type well region, and an upper electrode is formed on the semiconductor region via a capacitor insulating film. For example, see Patent Document 1).
- the MOS capacitor described above is used as a charge storage unit that is arranged in a pixel of an image sensor and holds a charge generated based on photoelectric conversion. Specifically, the above-mentioned MOS capacitor temporarily holds electric charges generated by photoelectrically converting light from a subject.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has as its object to increase the capacity of a MOS capacitor.
- a first aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a first semiconductor region provided on a semiconductor substrate and having a concave portion on a surface thereof, An insulating film disposed adjacent to the surface of the first semiconductor region; a gate electrode disposed adjacent to the insulating film to form a MOS capacitor between the first semiconductor region; A second semiconductor region arranged adjacent to the semiconductor region and configured to have the same conductivity type as the first semiconductor region and supplying carriers to the first semiconductor region when charging and discharging the MOS capacitor; Semiconductor device.
- the first semiconductor region may include a plurality of the concave portions.
- the first semiconductor region may include the recess formed in a substantially rectangular opening.
- the first semiconductor region may have the short side of the rectangle arranged near a boundary with the second semiconductor region.
- the first semiconductor region may include the concave portion formed on a short side having a width smaller than approximately twice the thickness of the gate electrode.
- the first semiconductor region may be configured to have an impurity concentration higher than 10 18 / cm 3 .
- a first semiconductor region disposed on a semiconductor substrate and having a concave portion on a surface, an insulating film disposed adjacent to a surface of the first semiconductor region, A gate electrode disposed adjacent to a film and constituting a MOS capacitor between the first semiconductor region and the first semiconductor region; and a gate electrode disposed adjacent to the first semiconductor region on the semiconductor substrate and connected to the first semiconductor region.
- a second semiconductor region configured to have the same conductivity type as the region and supplying carriers to the first semiconductor region when charging and discharging the MOS capacitor; and a MOS transistor via the gate electrode and the second semiconductor region.
- An electronic circuit that supplies a current for charging and discharging the capacitor.
- the first semiconductor region, the insulating film, and the gate electrode are stacked in the region where the concave portion is formed. It is assumed that the concave portion expands the interface between the first semiconductor region and the gate electrode and the insulating film.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor element according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a concave portion according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a concave portion according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of the MOS capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating another example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an imaging element that is an example of a semiconductor device to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a column signal processing unit of an imaging device to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a comparison unit of an imaging device to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a configuration example of the MOS capacitor 100.
- the semiconductor device of the present disclosure will be described using the MOS capacitor 100 as an example.
- the MOS capacitor 100 is an example of the semiconductor device described in the claims.
- the MOS capacitor 100 shown in FIG. 1 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 101 (not shown) and includes a gate electrode 110.
- the gate electrode 110 is arranged adjacent to a semiconductor region (first semiconductor region 140 described later) formed on the semiconductor substrate 101 via an insulating film, and forms a capacitor.
- second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 similarly to the MOS transistor, second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 respectively corresponding to the source and the drain are formed. These second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 can be used as wirings (lead lines) for capacitors.
- an isolation region 102 is arranged around the MOS capacitor 100.
- the dotted rectangle in the figure represents the concave portion 120 arranged in the first semiconductor region 140.
- the concave portion 120 in the figure is configured in a rectangular groove shape, and represents an example in which a plurality of concave portions are arranged.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of the MOS capacitor 100, and is a cross-sectional view along the line AA ′ in FIG.
- the MOS capacitor 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a semiconductor substrate 101, an isolation region 102, a first semiconductor region 140, an insulating film 130, a gate electrode 110, and second semiconductor regions 103 and 104.
- FIG. 2 also shows an electronic circuit 200 that forms the semiconductor device 1 together with the MOS capacitor 100.
- the semiconductor substrate 101 is a semiconductor substrate on which the semiconductor region of the MOS capacitor 100 is formed.
- the semiconductor substrate 101 can be made of, for example, silicon (Si).
- a first semiconductor region 140, second semiconductor regions 103 and 104, and the like are formed in a well region formed in the semiconductor substrate 101.
- the semiconductor substrate 101 in FIG. 1 is configured in a p-type well region.
- the semiconductor substrate 101 in FIG. 1 can be grounded. Specifically, it can be connected to a ground line via a well contact for connecting the surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 to the well region.
- the isolation region 102 separates the region of the MOS capacitor 100 in the semiconductor substrate 101. By arranging the isolation region 102, another semiconductor element formed on the semiconductor substrate 101 and the MOS capacitor 100 can be electrically isolated. It is assumed that the isolation region 102 in FIG. 1 is configured by STI (Shallow Trench Isolation). That is, the isolation region 102 can be made of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) embedded in a trench formed in the semiconductor substrate 101. Note that the isolation region 102 can also be constituted by, for example, LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon).
- the first semiconductor region 140 is disposed on the semiconductor substrate 101 and forms an electrode of the MOS capacitor 100.
- the first semiconductor region 140 in the figure is configured as, for example, an n-type semiconductor region.
- the recess 120 described in FIG. 1 is arranged in the first semiconductor region 140 in FIG.
- a groove (trench) having a substantially rectangular opening formed in the first semiconductor region 140 can be used.
- one or a plurality of the concave portions 120 can be arranged in the first semiconductor region 140.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the recess 120 having a substantially rectangular cross section.
- the insulating film 130 is a film of an insulator that forms a dielectric layer of the MOS capacitor 100. This insulating film 130 is arranged adjacent to the first semiconductor region 140.
- the insulating film 130 can be made of, for example, an oxide such as SiO 2 or a nitride such as silicon nitride (SiN).
- the gate electrode 110 is an electrode arranged adjacent to the insulating film 130.
- the gate electrode 110 is arranged to face the first semiconductor region 140 via the insulating film 130, and forms a MOS capacitor.
- the gate electrode 110 is configured to fill the recess 120 remaining on the surface of the insulating film 130.
- the gate electrode 110 can be made of, for example, polycrystalline silicon doped with a donor (P, As, etc.) or an acceptor (B, etc.).
- the insulating film 130 is configured to have a thickness smaller than 1 / of the width of the recess 120 of the first semiconductor region 140. Accordingly, even after the insulating film 130 is disposed so as to cover the surface of the concave portion 120 of the first semiconductor region 140, the shape can be such that the concave portion remains on the surface of the insulating film 130. Further, the shape of the recess 120 can be defined based on the thickness of the gate electrode 110. Specifically, the recess 120 can be configured to have a width smaller than approximately twice the thickness of the gate electrode 110. This is for making the surface of the gate electrode 110 flatter. As described above, when the recess 120 is formed as a rectangular opening, the short side of the recess 120 can be formed to have a width smaller than approximately twice the thickness of the gate electrode 110.
- the surface area of the capacitor by the first semiconductor region 140 and the gate electrode 110 can be increased.
- the capacitance of MOS capacitor 100 can be increased.
- the capacitance per unit area of MOS capacitor 100 can be increased.
- the shape of the recess 120 is not limited to this example.
- a concave portion 120 formed in an elliptical opening can be used.
- a rectangular recess 120 having chamfered corners or rounded corners can be used. Even when the corners of the rectangular shape or the like are deformed when forming the concave portion 120, it naturally corresponds to the concave portion 120 in the present disclosure.
- the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 are diffusion regions of the semiconductor substrate 101 arranged adjacent to the first semiconductor region 140.
- the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 supply carriers to the first semiconductor region 140 when the MOS capacitor 100 is charged and discharged. That is, it can be regarded as a wiring connected to the first semiconductor region 140.
- the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 can have the same conductivity type as the first semiconductor region 140. Thus, resistance at a connection portion with the first semiconductor region 140 can be reduced.
- the MOS capacitor 100 shown in FIG. 11 is configured to have the same n-type as the first semiconductor region 140.
- the current of the first semiconductor region 140 can be divided and the resistance can be reduced.
- the MOS capacitor 100 can be formed by a common manufacturing process.
- the configuration of the MOS capacitor 100 is not limited to this example.
- the first semiconductor region 140 and the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 configured to be p-type can be used.
- the semiconductor substrate 100 having an n-type well region having the same conductivity type as the first semiconductor region 140 and the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 can be used.
- the electronic circuit 200 is a circuit that uses the MOS capacitor 100 as a capacitor. In the figure, one end of the electronic circuit 200 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the gate electrode 110. The second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 are similarly grounded to form a circuit in which the MOS capacitor 100 and the electronic circuit 200 are connected in series. Any circuit can be used for the electronic circuit 200.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 are cross-sectional views illustrating a configuration example of the concave portion according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views taken along line BB 'and line CC' in FIG. 1, respectively.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the long side direction of the concave portion 120. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the short side of the recess 120 formed in the rectangular opening is disposed near the boundary between the first semiconductor region 140 and the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104. be able to. That is, the recess 120 can be arranged along the direction from the second semiconductor region 103 to the second semiconductor region 104.
- the MOS capacitor 100 when the MOS capacitor 100 is charged and discharged, carriers are supplied from the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 to the first semiconductor region 140. At this time, the supplied carriers are charged or discharged while moving in the first semiconductor region 140 in the horizontal direction in FIG. The carrier moves along the long side of the concave portion 120, so that the carrier can move smoothly.
- the short side of the concave portion 120 is arranged in the direction from the second semiconductor region 103 to the second semiconductor region 104, it is possible to reduce the increase in the effective wiring length due to the arrangement of the concave portion 120. it can.
- the wiring resistance and the parasitic inductance can be reduced, and the high frequency characteristics of the MOS capacitor 100 can be improved. When a large number of concave portions 120 are arranged, a more remarkable effect is achieved.
- the configuration of the MOS capacitor 100 is not limited to this example.
- a sidewall can be provided adjacent to the gate electrode 110, and a low-concentration impurity drain (LDD: Lightly Doped Drain) can be formed in the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104.
- LDD Lightly Doped Drain
- a configuration in which any one of the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 is provided can also be employed.
- channel regions of other MOS transistors can be used as the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104.
- the concave portion 120 can be formed in a cylindrical shape. Further, the concave portion 120 having a tapered (V-shaped) cross section can be used.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of the MOS capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied voltage (gate voltage) and the capacitance of the MOS capacitor 100.
- the horizontal axis in the figure represents the gate voltage, and the vertical axis represents the capacitance.
- the gate voltage is a voltage based on the voltage of the grounded first semiconductor region 140.
- a negative gate voltage is applied to the first semiconductor region 140, the shape and the dielectric constant of the film thickness of the insulating film 130, the area of the interface between the first semiconductor region 140, and the like are reduced. A value based capacitance is obtained. This area is called a storage area. Since the MOS capacitor 100 of FIG. 1 is formed in the p-type well region (semiconductor substrate 101), holes are accumulated when a relatively high negative gate voltage is applied.
- the capacitance characteristic depends on the gate voltage. Specifically, when the gate voltage changes to a voltage close to 0 V, the capacitance decreases. This is because a depletion layer is formed in the first semiconductor region 140 near the interface with the insulating film 130, and the effective thickness of the insulating film 130 increases. Thereafter, when the gate voltage is further increased, the decreased capacitance increases. This is because a surface inversion layer having an increased electron concentration is formed in the first semiconductor region 140 near the interface with the insulating film 130. As the gate voltage increases, the surface inversion layer expands, and a capacitance having substantially the same value as the capacitance in the storage region is obtained. This area is called an inversion area.
- the MOS capacitor 100 When the MOS capacitor 100 is used for a normal capacitor, it is preferable to use the MOS capacitor 100 at an applied voltage corresponding to the storage region and the inversion region in FIG. This is because a change in circuit characteristics due to a change in capacitance can be reduced.
- the operating voltage is a voltage near 0 V, for example, when the operating voltage range is as low as ⁇ 3.3 to 3.3 V and the capacitance depends on the applied voltage
- the MOS capacitor 100 Adjust the characteristics. Specifically, the characteristics of the MOS capacitor 100 are adjusted so that the storage region or the inversion region and the working voltage range overlap.
- the impurity concentration is set higher than 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the solid line in the figure represents the characteristics when the impurity concentration of the first semiconductor region 140 is low, and the dotted line represents the characteristics when the impurity concentration of the first semiconductor region 140 is high.
- the MOS capacitor 100 has the first semiconductor region 140 functioning as an electrode and the gate electrode 110 by arranging the recess 120 in the first semiconductor region 140.
- the interface between the gate electrode and the insulating film 130 is expanded. Thereby, the capacity of the MOS capacitor 100 can be increased.
- the recess 120 is formed in the first semiconductor region 140.
- a method for manufacturing MOS capacitor 100 having such a configuration will be described.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 6 to 8 are views showing an example of the manufacturing process of the MOS capacitor 100. With reference to FIGS. 6 to 8, a manufacturing process of the concave portion 120 and the like mainly in the vicinity of the gate electrode 110 will be described.
- a well region is formed in a semiconductor substrate 101, and an isolation region 102 is formed.
- the isolation region 102 can be formed by forming a trench in the semiconductor substrate 101 and arranging an insulator such as SiO 2 in the trench (A in FIG. 6).
- a resist 401 is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 101.
- An opening 402 is arranged in the resist 401 at a position where the recess 120 is formed.
- the formation of the resist 401 can be performed by photolithography (B in FIG. 6).
- the semiconductor substrate 101 is etched using the resist 401 as a mask. This etching can be performed by, for example, dry etching. Thereby, the concave portion 120 can be formed (C in FIG. 6).
- the resist 401 and a residue at the time of etching are removed. This can be performed, for example, by wet etching (D in FIG. 7).
- ion implantation is performed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 to form a first semiconductor region 140.
- the second semiconductor regions 103 and 104 (not shown) are also formed by ion implantation.
- a sacrificial oxide film for controlling the permeation of ions may be formed (E in FIG. 7). Note that the sacrificial oxide film is removed after the ion implantation.
- the insulating film 130 is formed on the surface of the first semiconductor region 140. This can be performed, for example, by thermal oxidation (F in FIG. 7).
- the gate electrode 110 is formed on the surface of the insulating film 130.
- This can be formed, for example, by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) (G in FIG. 8).
- the MOS capacitor 100 can be manufactured.
- the depth of the recess 120 be less than 200 nm. This is for forming the first semiconductor region 140 having a uniform impurity concentration.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process corresponding to A in FIG. 6 to E in FIG.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Ion implantation is performed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 on which the isolation region 102 is formed to form a first semiconductor region 140 (A in FIG. 9).
- a resist 401 is formed on the surface of the first semiconductor region 140 (B in FIG. 9).
- the recess 120 is formed by etching (C in FIG. 9). After that, the resist 401 is removed.
- the subsequent manufacturing steps are the same as those in F in FIG. 7 and FIG.
- the manufacturing process of the MOS capacitor 100 is not limited to this example.
- the first semiconductor region 140 can be formed by thermal diffusion instead of ion implantation.
- the MOS capacitor 100 having the first semiconductor region 140 in which the recess 120 is formed.
- Example of application to imaging device> The technology according to the present disclosure (the present technology) can be applied to various products.
- the present technology may be realized as a semiconductor element mounted on a semiconductor device such as an image sensor.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an imaging element that is an example of a semiconductor device to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- 1 includes a pixel array unit 10, a vertical drive unit 20, a column signal processing unit 300, and a control unit 40.
- the pixel array section 10 is configured by arranging the pixels 11 in a two-dimensional lattice.
- the pixel 11 generates an image signal according to the emitted light.
- the pixel 11 has a photoelectric conversion unit that generates a charge according to the irradiated light.
- the pixel 11 further has a pixel circuit. This pixel circuit generates an image signal based on the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit. The generation of the image signal is controlled by a control signal generated by a vertical drive unit 20 described later.
- signal lines 51 and 52 are arranged in an XY matrix.
- the signal line 51 is a signal line that transmits a control signal of a pixel circuit in the pixel 11, is arranged for each row of the pixel array unit 10, and is commonly wired to the pixels 11 arranged in each row.
- the signal line 52 is a signal line that transmits an image signal generated by the pixel circuit of the pixel 11, is arranged for each column of the pixel array unit 10, and is wired in common to the pixels 11 arranged in each column. You.
- These photoelectric conversion units and pixel circuits are formed on a semiconductor substrate. For example, it can be formed on the semiconductor substrate 101 described above.
- the vertical drive section 20 generates a control signal for the pixel circuit of the pixel 11.
- the vertical drive unit 20 transmits the generated control signal to the pixel 11 via the signal line 51 in FIG.
- the column signal processing unit 300 processes an image signal generated by the pixel 11.
- the column signal processing unit 300 processes the image signal transmitted from the pixel 11 via the signal line 52 in FIG.
- the processing in the column signal processing unit 300 corresponds to, for example, analog-to-digital conversion for converting an analog image signal generated in the pixel 11 into a digital image signal.
- the image signal processed by the column signal processing unit 300 is output as an image signal of the image sensor 1.
- the control unit 40 controls the entire image sensor 1.
- the control unit 40 controls the image sensor 1 by generating and outputting a control signal for controlling the vertical drive unit 20 and the column signal processing unit 300.
- the control signal generated by the control unit 40 is transmitted to the vertical drive unit 20 and the column signal processing unit 300 via signal lines 53 and 54, respectively.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a column signal processing unit of an imaging device to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the column signal processing unit 300 in FIG. 7 includes a reference signal generation unit 311, a timing control unit 312, a horizontal transfer unit 313, and an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) unit 314.
- ADC analog-to-digital conversion
- the reference signal generator 311 generates a reference signal.
- the reference signal is a signal that serves as a reference for analog-to-digital conversion in an analog-to-digital converter 314 described later.
- a signal whose voltage decreases like a ramp function can be used as the reference signal.
- the reference signal generation unit 311 generates a reference signal under the control of the control unit 40, and supplies the reference signal to the analog-to-digital conversion unit 314 via the signal line 301.
- the timing control unit 312 controls the operation timing of each unit in the column signal processing unit 300.
- the timing control unit 312 generates a control signal for each unit of the column signal processing unit 300 under the control of the control unit 40, and outputs the control signal via the signal lines 302 to 304.
- the analog-to-digital converter 314 converts an analog image signal generated by the pixel 11 into a digital image signal.
- the analog-to-digital converter 314 is provided for each signal line 52.
- the analog-to-digital conversion of the image signals in the pixels 11 for one row of the pixel array unit 10 is performed simultaneously by the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion units 314.
- the digital image signal converted by the analog-to-digital converter 314 is output to the horizontal transfer unit 313 via the signal line 307.
- the horizontal transfer unit 313 transfers a digital image signal.
- the horizontal transfer unit 313 sequentially transfers digital image signals generated by the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion units 314 and outputs the digital image signals from the signal line 55.
- the analog-to-digital converter 314 shown in FIG. 9 includes a comparator 315, a counting unit 316, and a holding unit 317.
- the comparing unit 315 compares the analog image signal generated by the pixel 11 with the reference signal, and outputs the result of the comparison to the counting unit 316. For example, as a result of the comparison, a value “0” is output when the reference signal has a higher voltage than the analog image signal, and a value “1” is output when the reference signal shifts to a voltage lower than the analog image signal. be able to. This makes it possible to detect the timing at which the reference signal becomes substantially the same value as the analog image signal.
- the counting unit 316 measures the time from the start of the comparison in the comparing unit 315 to the time when the reference signal and the analog image signal have substantially the same value. Specifically, it measures the time from the start of the output of the reference signal in reference signal generation section 311 to the transition of the output of comparison section 315 to value “1”.
- the reference signal is a signal whose value changes like a ramp function. For this reason, the time until the reference signal becomes substantially the same value as the analog image signal and the voltage of the analog image signal correspond one to one. For this reason, analog-to-digital conversion can be performed by generating and outputting a digital signal corresponding to the elapsed time when the reference signal has substantially the same value as the analog image signal.
- the counting unit 316 counts the clock signal during a period from the start of the output of the reference signal to the transition of the output of the comparing unit 315 to the value “1”, and outputs the count value as a result of the analog-to-digital conversion. can do.
- the clock signal is input from the timing control unit 312 via the signal line 302.
- the holding unit 317 holds the count value of the counting unit 316.
- the count values held in the plurality of holding units 317 are sequentially output to the horizontal transfer unit 313 as digital image signals under the control of the timing control unit 312.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a comparison unit of an imaging device to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the comparison unit 315 of FIG. 14 includes capacitors 341 to 344, MOS transistors 351 to 355, and MOS transistors 361 to 365.
- MOS transistors 351 to 355 p-channel MOS transistors can be used.
- MOS transistors 361 to 365 n-channel MOS transistors can be used.
- a power supply line Vdd for supplying power, a signal line BIAS for supplying a bias voltage, a signal line NSEL for supplying a selection signal, and a signal line PSEL are wired in the comparison unit 315 of FIG.
- Capacitor 341 is connected between signal line 301 and the gate of MOS transistor 361.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 353 is further connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 361.
- the drain of MOS transistor 361 is connected to the source of MOS transistor 353, the drain and gate of MOS transistor 351 and the gate of MOS transistor 352.
- the source of MOS transistor 351 and the source of MOS transistor 352 are commonly connected to power supply line Vdd.
- the source of MOS transistor 361 is connected to the source of MOS transistor 362 and the drain of MOS transistor 363.
- the gate of the MOS transistor 363 is connected to the signal line BIAS, and the source is grounded.
- Capacitor 342 is connected between signal line 52 and the gate of MOS transistor 362.
- the drain of MOS transistor 354 is further connected to the gate of MOS transistor 362.
- the drain of the MOS transistor 362 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor 354, the drain of the MOS transistor 352, the gate of the MOS transistor 355, and one end of the capacitor 344.
- the other end of capacitor 344 is connected to power supply line Vdd.
- the gate of the MOS transistor 353 and the gate of the MOS transistor 354 are commonly connected to a signal line PSEL.
- the source of the MOS transistor 355 is connected to the power supply line Vdd, and the drain is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 364, the drain of the MOS transistor 365, and the signal line 305.
- the gate of the MOS transistor 364 is connected to the signal line NSEL, and the source is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 365 and one end of the capacitor 343. The other end of capacitor 343 and the source of MOS transistor 365 are grounded.
- Capacitors 341 and 342 constitute a coupling capacitor.
- the capacitors 341 and 342 hold a reference signal and an analog image signal, respectively.
- MOS transistors 361 and 362 constitute a differential amplifier, and amplify the difference between the reference signal and the analog image signal input via capacitors 341 and 342.
- MOS transistor 363 forms a constant current circuit commonly connected to the sources of MOS transistors 361 and 362. A source current according to the bias voltage of the signal line BIAS flows through the MOS transistor 363.
- MOS transistors 351 and 352 form a current mirror circuit, and form loads connected to the drains of MOS transistors 361 and 362, respectively. With this current mirror circuit, the gain of the differential amplifier using the MOS transistors 361 and 362 can be improved.
- the reference signal and the analog image signal can be compared by amplifying the difference between the reference signal and the analog image signal using a high gain differential amplifier.
- the MOS transistors 353 and 354 are switches for controlling amplification (comparison) by the MOS transistors 361 and 362.
- the MOS transistors 353 and 354 perform control based on a selection signal of the signal line PSEL.
- the output of the differential amplifier is taken out from the drain of the MOS transistor 362 and input to the gate of the MOS transistor 355.
- the MOS transistor 355 the output of the differential amplifier is further amplified and the polarity of the signal is inverted and output to the signal line 305.
- the MOS transistor 365 is a transistor that holds the output of the MOS transistor 355.
- the output of MOS transistor 355 is held in capacitor 343 via MOS transistor 364. Since the gate of the MOS transistor 365 is connected to the capacitor 343, the MOS transistor 365 outputs a drain voltage according to the voltage of the capacitor 343.
- the MOS transistor 364 is a switch that controls holding of the output of the MOS transistor 355 in the capacitor 343, and is controlled by a selection signal of the signal line NSEL.
- a capacitor 344 is connected between the gate of the MOS transistor 355 and the power supply line Vdd.
- This capacitor 344 is a band limiting capacitance for reducing output noise of the differential amplifier by MOS transistors 361 and 362.
- the reference signal and the analog image signal are compared in the differential amplifier using the MOS transistors 361 and 362.
- a noise component such as an analog image signal is also amplified, which causes a malfunction of the analog-to-digital converter 314.
- the band of the differential amplifier constituted by the MOS transistors 361 and 362 can be narrowed to reduce high-frequency gain, thereby reducing output noise. it can.
- the MOS capacitor 100 of the present disclosure can be applied to the capacitors 341 to 344 of the comparison unit 315 in FIG.
- the MOS transistor 361 and 362 can charge and discharge the MOS capacitor 100 with a differential amplifier.
- the MOS capacitor 100 of the present disclosure capable of increasing the capacity to the capacitors 341 to 344, the occupied area of the capacitors 341 to 344 can be reduced.
- the size of the analog-to-digital converter 314 and the imaging device 1 can be reduced.
- the differential amplifier using the MOS transistors 361 and 362 is an example of the electronic circuit described in the claims.
- the analog-to-digital converter 314 and the image sensor 1 are examples of the semiconductor device described in the claims.
- the present technology may have the following configurations. (1) a first semiconductor region disposed on a semiconductor substrate and having a concave portion on a surface; An insulating film disposed adjacent to a surface of the first semiconductor region; A gate electrode disposed adjacent to the insulating film and forming a MOS capacitor between the first semiconductor region and the first semiconductor region; The semiconductor substrate is arranged adjacent to the first semiconductor region on the semiconductor substrate and configured to have the same conductivity type as the first semiconductor region to supply carriers to the first semiconductor region when charging and discharging a MOS capacitor.
- a semiconductor element comprising: a second semiconductor region.
- a first semiconductor region arranged on the semiconductor substrate and having a concave portion on the surface;
- An insulating film disposed adjacent to a surface of the first semiconductor region;
- a gate electrode disposed adjacent to the insulating film and forming a MOS capacitor between the first semiconductor region and the first semiconductor region;
- the semiconductor substrate is arranged adjacent to the first semiconductor region on the semiconductor substrate and configured to have the same conductivity type as the first semiconductor region to supply carriers to the first semiconductor region when charging and discharging a MOS capacitor.
- a second semiconductor region An electronic circuit for supplying a current for charging and discharging the MOS capacitor through the gate electrode and the second semiconductor region.
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- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(半導体素子の構成)
2.第2の実施の形態(半導体素子の製造方法)
3.撮像素子への応用例
[半導体素子の構成]
図1は、本開示の第1の実施の形態に係る半導体素子の構成例を示す図である。同図は、MOSキャパシタ100の構成例を表す平面図である。MOSキャパシタ100を例に挙げて本開示の半導体素子について説明する。なお、MOSキャパシタ100は、請求の範囲に記載の半導体素子の一例である。
図2は、本開示の第1の実施の形態に係る半導体素子の構成例を示す断面図である。同図はMOSキャパシタ100の構成例を表す断面図であり、図1におけるA-A’線に沿った断面図である。同図のMOSキャパシタ100は、半導体基板101と、分離領域102と、第1の半導体領域140と、絶縁膜130と、ゲート電極110と、第2の半導体領域103および104とを備える。また、同図には、MOSキャパシタ100とともに半導体装置1を構成する電子回路200を記載した。
図3および4は、本開示の第1の実施の形態に係る凹部の構成例を示す断面図である。図3および4は、それぞれ図1におけるB-B’線およびC-C’線に沿った断面図である。また、図4は、凹部120の長辺方向の構成例を表した図である。図1乃至4に表したように、矩形形状の開口部に構成される凹部120は、短辺側を第1の半導体領域140と第2の半導体領域103および104との境界の近傍に配置することができる。すなわち、第2の半導体領域103から第2の半導体領域104に向かう方向に沿って凹部120を配置することができる。
図5は、本開示の第1の実施の形態に係るMOSキャパシタの特性の一例を示す図である。同図は、MOSキャパシタ100の印加電圧(ゲート電圧)およびキャパシタンスの関係を表す図である。同図の横軸はゲート電圧を表し、縦軸はキャパシタンスを表す。なお、ゲート電圧は、接地された第1の半導体領域140の電圧を基準とする電圧である。第1の半導体領域140に対して負極性のゲート電圧を印加した場合には、絶縁膜130の膜厚や第1の半導体領域140等との間の界面の面積等の形状と誘電率とに基づく値のキャパシタンスが得られる。当該領域は、蓄積領域と称される。同図のMOSキャパシタ100はp型のウェル領域(半導体基板101)に形成されるため、比較的高い負極性のゲート電圧を印加すると正孔が蓄積される。
上述の第1の実施の形態のMOSキャパシタ100は、第1の半導体領域140に凹部120が形成されていた。本開示の第2の実施の形態においては、このような構成のMOSキャパシタ100の製造方法について説明する。
図6乃至8は、本開示の第2の実施の形態に係る半導体素子の製造方法の一例を示す図である。図6乃至8は、MOSキャパシタ100の製造工程の一例を表した図である。図6乃至8を用い、主にゲート電極110の近傍における凹部120等の製造工程を説明する。
図9は、本開示の第2の実施の形態に係る半導体素子の製造方法の他の例を示す図である。同図は、図6におけるAから図7におけるEに該当する製造工程を表した図である。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品に応用することができる。例えば、本技術は、撮像素子等の半導体装置に搭載される半導体素子として実現されてもよい。
図10は、本開示が適用され得る半導体装置の一例である撮像素子の構成例を示すブロック図である。同図の撮像素子1は、画素アレイ部10と、垂直駆動部20と、カラム信号処理部300と、制御部40とを備える。
図11は、本開示が適用され得る撮像素子のカラム信号処理部の構成例を示すブロック図である。同図のカラム信号処理部300は、参照信号生成部311と、タイミング制御部312と、水平転送部313と、アナログデジタル変換(ADC)部314とを備える。
図12は、本開示が適用され得る撮像素子の比較部の構成例を示す回路図である。同図の比較部315は、キャパシタ341乃至344と、MOSトランジスタ351乃至355と、MOSトランジスタ361乃至365とを備える。MOSトランジスタ351乃至355には、pチャネルMOSトランジスタを使用することができる。また、MOSトランジスタ361乃至365には、nチャネルMOSトランジスタを使用することができる。また、同図の比較部315には、電源を供給する電源線Vdd、バイアス電圧を供給する信号線BIAS、選択信号を供給する信号線NSELおよび信号線PSELが配線される。
(1)半導体基板に配置されて表面に凹部を備える第1の半導体領域と、
前記第1の半導体領域の表面に隣接して配置される絶縁膜と、
前記絶縁膜に隣接して配置されて前記第1の半導体領域との間においてMOSキャパシタを構成するゲート電極と、
前記半導体基板において前記第1の半導体領域に隣接して配置されるとともに前記第1の半導体領域と同じ導電型に構成されてMOSキャパシタの充放電の際に前記第1の半導体領域にキャリアを供給する第2の半導体領域と
を具備する半導体素子。
(2)前記第1の半導体領域は、複数の前記凹部を備える前記(1)に記載の半導体素子。
(3)前記第1の半導体領域は、略矩形形状の開口部に構成される前記凹部を備える前記(1)または(2)に記載の半導体素子。
(4)前記第1の半導体領域は、前記第2の半導体領域との境界の近傍に前記矩形の短辺が配置される前記(3)に記載の半導体素子。
(5)前記第1の半導体領域は、前記ゲート電極の厚さの略2倍より小さい幅の短辺に構成される前記凹部を備える前記(3)に記載の半導体素子。
(6)前記第1の半導体領域は、1018/cm3より高い不純物濃度に構成される前記(1)から(5)の何れかに記載の半導体素子。
(7)半導体基板に配置されて表面に凹部を備える第1の半導体領域と、
前記第1の半導体領域の表面に隣接して配置される絶縁膜と、
前記絶縁膜に隣接して配置されて前記第1の半導体領域との間においてMOSキャパシタを構成するゲート電極と、
前記半導体基板において前記第1の半導体領域に隣接して配置されるとともに前記第1の半導体領域と同じ導電型に構成されてMOSキャパシタの充放電の際に前記第1の半導体領域にキャリアを供給する第2の半導体領域と、
前記ゲート電極および前記第2の半導体領域を介して前記MOSキャパシタの充放電の電流を供給する電子回路と
を具備する半導体装置。
100 MOSキャパシタ
101 半導体基板
102 分離領域
103、104 第2の半導体領域
110 ゲート電極
120 凹部
130 絶縁膜
140 第1の半導体領域
200 電子回路
300 カラム信号処理部
314 アナログデジタル変換部
315 比較部
341~344 キャパシタ
351~355、361~365 MOSトランジスタ
Claims (7)
- 半導体基板に配置されて表面に凹部を備える第1の半導体領域と、
前記第1の半導体領域の表面に隣接して配置される絶縁膜と、
前記絶縁膜に隣接して配置されて前記第1の半導体領域との間においてMOSキャパシタを構成するゲート電極と、
前記半導体基板において前記第1の半導体領域に隣接して配置されるとともに前記第1の半導体領域と同じ導電型に構成されてMOSキャパシタの充放電の際に前記第1の半導体領域にキャリアを供給する第2の半導体領域と
を具備する半導体素子。 - 前記第1の半導体領域は、複数の前記凹部を備える請求項1記載の半導体素子。
- 前記第1の半導体領域は、略矩形形状の開口部に構成される前記凹部を備える請求項1記載の半導体素子。
- 前記第1の半導体領域は、前記第2の半導体領域との境界の近傍に前記矩形の短辺が配置される請求項3記載の半導体素子。
- 前記第1の半導体領域は、前記ゲート電極の厚さの略2倍より小さい幅の短辺に構成される前記凹部を備える請求項3記載の半導体素子。
- 前記第1の半導体領域は、1018/cm3より高い不純物濃度に構成される請求項1記載の半導体素子。
- 半導体基板に配置されて表面に凹部を備える第1の半導体領域と、
前記第1の半導体領域の表面に隣接して配置される絶縁膜と、
前記絶縁膜に隣接して配置されて前記第1の半導体領域との間においてMOSキャパシタを構成するゲート電極と、
前記半導体基板において前記第1の半導体領域に隣接して配置されるとともに前記第1の半導体領域と同じ導電型に構成されてMOSキャパシタの充放電の際に前記第1の半導体領域にキャリアを供給する第2の半導体領域と、
前記ゲート電極および前記第2の半導体領域を介して前記MOSキャパシタの充放電の電流を供給する電子回路と
を具備する半導体装置。
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| CN201980057269.4A CN112740398B (zh) | 2018-10-04 | 2019-09-30 | 半导体元件和半导体设备 |
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