WO2020063345A1 - 一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置 - Google Patents

一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020063345A1
WO2020063345A1 PCT/CN2019/105304 CN2019105304W WO2020063345A1 WO 2020063345 A1 WO2020063345 A1 WO 2020063345A1 CN 2019105304 W CN2019105304 W CN 2019105304W WO 2020063345 A1 WO2020063345 A1 WO 2020063345A1
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Prior art keywords
furnace
resistance heating
masonry
graphite
cavity
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PCT/CN2019/105304
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯乃祥
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沈阳北冶冶金科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020063345A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063345A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/12Shells or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B1/14Arrangements of linings

Definitions

  • the utility model belongs to the technical field of metallurgy and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a device for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high-temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke.
  • Anode carbon slag solid waste is produced during the production of aluminum electrolysis. This waste mainly contains cryolite electrolyte components and carbonaceous components that fall off from the anode. Carbonaceous solid waste and non-carbon are generated during the overhaul of aluminum electrolytic cells.
  • Carbon solid waste includes waste cathode charcoal blocks, carbonaceous solid waste formed by the tamping paste between the carbonaceous carbon blocks lined with the waste side tanks and the cathode carbon blocks; the carbonaceous solid waste contains electrolysis Electrolyte components and alkali potassium sodium and other toxic cyanide infiltrated during tank electrolysis; non-carbon solid waste includes refractory lined with electrolyte components, including silicon nitride impregnated with electrolyte components Combined silicon carbide refractories; In addition, during primary aluminum casting and aluminum processing, more solid wastes containing alumina, aluminum nitride, and metal aluminum as main components are produced. If these solid wastes are not added, Disposal or landfill will cause great pollution to the environment.
  • the resistance furnace uses a circular furnace body, although it can make the furnace body
  • the force is uniform, but the space between the resistance heating element and the resistance heating element is limited, and the insulation performance between them is also poor.
  • its production capacity is also limited. After the power outage of the furnace body, the core temperature is not easy to radiate, and the temperature is reduced. Slow, resulting in longer production cycles.
  • the utility model provides a device for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high-temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke.
  • the utility model adopts a square furnace structure, and uses pieces of carbonaceous solid waste or petroleum coke as a resistance heating device. It is erected inside, so that the resistance heating elements are arranged in one or two rows along the axial direction of the device, and are connected in series by graphite conductors to ensure the insulation performance of adjacent resistance heating elements. After the separation / desulfurization is completed, the heat dissipation is fast, and the production capacity is shortened.
  • a device for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high-temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke includes a furnace shell (1), a furnace cover (2), a furnace lining (3), a furnace masonry (4), Graphite electrode (6) and graphite conductor (7); Furnace lining (3) Furnace lining (3) Furnace lining (3) Furnace masonry (4) Furnace masonry (4) 4)
  • the bottom end is connected with the furnace lining (3) at the bottom, and the masonry (4) in each furnace is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; among them, the furnace lining (4) located on the outside covers the furnace lining (3) on the side
  • the inner surface of the furnace is connected with two ends of the furnace masonry (4) located inside and the furnace masonry (4) located outside.
  • the holes (11) and the strip-shaped through holes (11) communicate the two sides of each of the furnace masonry (4) located inside; a plurality of the furnace masonry (4) located inside forms a 2N resistance heating cavity and Several cavities (10) There is a cavity (10) between two adjacent resistance heating body cavities A cavity (10) is also provided between the hot body cavity and the external furnace masonry (4)
  • the resistance heating element cavity is used to place the resistance heating element (9) and the top or bottom surface of two adjacent resistance heating elements (9) are connected to a graphite conductor (7) at the same time through 2N-1 graphite conductors (7) 2N resistance heating elements (9) are connected in series; among them, two adjacent resistance heating elements (9) are connected on the top surface of the graphite conductor (7) above the brickwork (4) in the furnace and are connected to the adjacent two resistance heating elements.
  • the graphite conductor (7) on the bottom surface passes through the furnace masonry (4) and is located above the furnace lining (3) at the bottom; under the condition that 2N resistance heating elements ( 9 ) are connected in series, the first and A graphite electrode (6) is connected to the bottom of the last resistance heating body ( 9 ); a furnace cover (2) is provided above the furnace shell (1); the inside of the furnace cover (2) is a closed cavity, and the cavity is filled with light.
  • the space enclosed by the masonry (4) in the furnace is used as the upper space in the furnace (12
  • Masonry upper furnace (4) located outside is provided with vacuum evacuation outlet (13) vacuum evacuation outlet (13) inside the upper furnace space
  • the chamber (12) is connected, and the vacuum exhaust outlet (13) is externally used to connect an alkali metal / elemental sulfur collector and a vacuum pump; where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the furnace cover (2) and the furnace shell (1) are connected by a flange, and a vacuum gasket (8) is provided between the flanges; an external cooling is provided below the top flange of the outer wall of the furnace shell (1) Water cavity (18).
  • a copper electrode (14) is provided in each graphite electrode (6), an electrode cooling water cavity (15) is provided in the copper electrode (14), and the copper electrode (14) passes through a sealing ring (16) And sealing device (17) are fixed on the furnace shell (1); two copper electrodes (14) are connected to the two poles of the power source to make the resistance heating element (9), graphite conductor (7), graphite electrode (6), copper electrode (14) Conductive circuit with power supply.
  • the furnace lining (3) is made of a refractory and heat-insulating material.
  • the width of the strip-shaped through hole (11) is 3 to 6 cm, and its length direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the cavity of the resistance heating body is a well cavity with a horizontal cross-section square; the cavity (10) is a well cavity with a horizontal cross-section rectangular; the axis of each well cavity is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the resistance heating element (9) is a piece of aluminum electrolytic carbonaceous solid waste, or a calcined petroleum coke; the resistance heating element (9) is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and its axial direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • a side of the furnace shell (1) is provided with a temperature measuring device (19).
  • the 2N resistance heating body cavities are arranged in one or two rows along the length direction of the furnace shell (1); when arranged in a row, two graphite electrodes (6) are respectively located in the length direction of the furnace shell (1) When arranged in two rows, two graphite electrodes (6) are located at the same end in the length direction of the furnace shell (1).
  • the device when 2N resistance heating elements are arranged in a row along the length direction of the furnace shell, the device is called a single-row device; when two or more single-row devices work at the same time, two adjacent single-row devices Two copper electrodes at one end of the row device are connected in series with a conductive bus bar (20). The copper electrodes of the first and last single row devices are connected to the two poles of the power supply respectively, so that more than two single row devices work in series.
  • One of the methods of using the device for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • [0018] Place several graphite conductors on the top surfaces of two adjacent resistance heating elements, and connect the resistance heating elements in series with the graphite conductor at the bottom of the resistance heating element; [0019] 4. Cover the furnace cover on the furnace shell, pass cooling water into the electrode cooling water cavity and the external cooling water cavity, turn on the vacuum pump, and evacuate through the vacuum exhaust outlet, so that the degree of vacuum inside the device ⁇ lPa;
  • the direct current is stopped; the argon gas filling port provided on the alkali metal collector is used to fill the interior of the device with argon gas to At normal pressure, after the temperature inside the device drops to normal temperature, open the furnace cover to take out the remaining material in the resistance heating body cavity, the material condensed in the upper space in the furnace, and the material condensed in the well cavity.
  • the remaining material in the cavity of the resistance heating body is a non-toxic, fluoride-free electrolyte, and an alkali-free carbonaceous material.
  • the second method of using an aluminum electrolytic solid waste separation and recovery device and a petroleum coke high-temperature desulfurization device of the present utility model includes the following steps:
  • the metal aluminum in the aluminum ash reduces and evaporates the alkali metal of the alkali metal oxide in the pellet;
  • the fluoride electrolyte component has a high initial crystal temperature in the furnace Condensation in the inner upper space and the well cavity; other alkali metals separated by distillation enter the alkali metal collector through a vacuum extraction outlet to condense;
  • the metal component is sodium metal and / or sodium potassium alloy;
  • the remaining material in the resistance heating body cavity is a non-toxic, fluoride-free electrolyte and an alkali-free carbonaceous material
  • the remaining material in the well cavity between the resistance heating body cavity is pentafluoride. Solid waste of chemical compounds or fixed materials without fluoride and alkali metal oxides.
  • the third method of using the device for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high-temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the fluoride electrolyte component and the metal component are separated by distillation, and the fluoride electrolyte component in the sintered pellet is separated by distillation; the fluoride electrolyte component has a high initial crystal temperature in the upper space of the furnace and Condensation in a well cavity; metal components condense after entering the alkali metal collector through a vacuum extraction outlet; the metal components are sodium metal and / or sodium-potassium alloy;
  • the remaining materials in the resistance heating body cavity are non-toxic, fluoride-free electrolyte and alkali-free carbonaceous materials, and the materials in the well cavity between the resistance heating body cavity and the external masonry in the furnace For pure carbonaceous materials.
  • the fourth method of using the device for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high-temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the calcined petroleum coke is crushed to a particle size of 3 cm or less, and filled into the cavity of the resistance heating element to form a resistance heating element;
  • a plurality of graphite conductors are placed on the top surfaces of two adjacent resistance heating elements, and each of the resistance heating elements is connected in series with the graphite conductor at the bottom of the resistance heating element;
  • the resistance heating elements are arranged vertically in the device, and the graphite conductors are connected in series to ensure the insulation performance of adjacent resistance heating elements.
  • Some materials in the resistance heating elements are under vacuum and heating. Distilled out to achieve vacuum distillation separation. After the separation is completed, the remaining materials dissipate quickly, which increases productivity and shortens the production cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a cross-sectional structure of a device for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high-temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the A-A plane of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a cross-sectional structure of an apparatus for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and high-temperature desulfurization of petroleum coke in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a cross-sectional structure of an apparatus for separating and recovering aluminum electrolytic solid waste and desulfurizing petroleum coke at a high temperature in Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the H-H plane of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the D-D plane of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the E-E plane of FIG. 5;
  • the alkali metal / elemental sulfur collector used in the embodiments of the present invention is a liquid low-melting-point substance collector described in the patent of publication number CN105603216B.
  • the calcined petroleum coke used in the embodiments of the present invention is a calcined petroleum coke after calcined in a rotary kiln.
  • the material of the masonry in the furnace is silicon carbonitride.
  • FIG. 1 The cross-sectional structure of the aluminum electrolytic solid waste separation and recovery and petroleum coke high-temperature desulfurization device is shown in FIG. 1, the AA face is shown in FIG. 2, and the BB face is shown in FIG. 3, including the furnace shell (1) and the furnace cover ( 2), furnace lining (3), furnace masonry (4), graphite electrode (6) and graphite conductor (7); the inner wall of the furnace shell (1) is provided with the furnace lining (3), the furnace lining (3 ) Multiple internal masonry bodies (4) are set inside, and the bottom end of each internal masonry body (4) is connected to the bottom furnace lining (3), and each internal masonry body (4) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; Furnace masonry (4) covers the inner surface of the furnace lining (3) on the side, and both ends of the inner furnace masonry (4) are connected to the outer furnace masonry (4) on the outside; each A plurality of strip-shaped through holes (11) are provided on the interior of the furnace masonry (4).
  • the top or bottom surface of two adjacent resistance heating elements (9) are connected to one graphite conductor (7) at the same time.
  • Six resistance heating elements (9) are connected in series through 5 graphite conductors (7);
  • the graphite conductor (7) connecting the top surface of two adjacent resistance heating elements (9) is located above the masonry (4) in the furnace, and the graphite conductor connecting the bottom surface of two adjacent resistance heating elements (9) (7) Pass through the furnace masonry (4) and be located above the bottom furnace lining (3); under the condition of 2N resistance heating elements (9) connected in series, the first and last resistance heating elements (9) A graphite electrode (6) are connected at the bottom;
  • a furnace cover (2) is provided above the furnace shell (2)
  • the inside of the furnace cover (2) is a closed cavity, and the cavity is filled with a lightweight refractory insulation material (5);
  • the masonry (4) is located outside the furnace
  • the height is higher than the inside brickwork (4) inside the furnace; the outside brickwork (4), the furnace cover (2) and the inside brickwork (4) enclosed by the furnace are used as the upper space of the furnace ( 12);
  • the upper part of the masonry (4) located outside the furnace is provided with a vacuum exhaust outlet (13).
  • the vacuum exhaust outlet (13) is internally connected to the upper space (12) of the furnace.
  • the air outlet (13) is externally used to connect alkali metal / elemental sulfur collector and vacuum pump; where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the furnace cover (2) and the furnace shell (1) are connected by a flange, and a vacuum gasket (8) is provided between the flanges; the furnace shell (1) is provided with an external cooling water cavity (18) below the top flange of the outer wall )
  • Each graphite electrode (6) is provided with a copper electrode (14), the copper electrode (14) is provided with an electrode cooling water cavity (15), the copper electrode (14) is externally passed through a sealing ring (16) and a sealing device (17) Fixed on the furnace shell (1); two copper electrodes (14) are connected to the two poles of the power source to make the resistance heating element (9), graphite conductor (7), graphite electrode (6), copper electrode (14) It forms a conductive circuit with the power supply.
  • Furnace lining (3) made of refractory insulation material masonry
  • the width of the strip-shaped through hole (11) is 3 to 6 cm, and its length direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
  • the cavity of the resistance heating body is a well-type cavity with a horizontal cross-section square; the cavity (10) is a well-type cavity with a horizontal cross-section rectangular; the axis of each well-type cavity is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
  • the resistance heating element (9) is a broken piece of aluminum electrolytic carbonaceous solid waste, or a calcined petroleum coke; the resistance heating element (9) is a rectangular parallelepiped structure whose axial direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
  • the side of the furnace shell (1) is provided with a temperature measuring device (19);
  • the 2N resistance heating body cavities are arranged in a row along the length direction of the furnace shell (1), and two graphite electrodes (6) are respectively located at both ends in the length direction of the furnace shell (1).
  • FIG. 4 The cross-sectional structure of an aluminum electrolytic solid waste separation and recovery and petroleum coke high-temperature desulfurization device is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the device is two devices that work in the same manner as in Example 1. Two copper electrodes at the same end of two single-row devices.
  • the conductive bus bar (20) is connected in series, and the other copper electrode of the two single-row devices is connected to the two poles of the power supply respectively, so that more than two single-row devices work in series.

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Abstract

一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置,包括炉壳(1)、炉盖(2)、炉内衬(3)、炉内砌体(4)、石墨电极(6)和石墨导电体(7),炉壳(1)的内壁设置炉内衬(3),位于内部的炉内砌体(4)上设有若干个条形通孔(11),多个位于内部的炉内砌体(4)围成2N个电阻发热体腔和若干个空腔(10),相邻两个电阻发热体腔之间有一个空腔(10),电阻发热体腔用于放置电阻发热体(9),相邻两个电阻发热体(9)的顶面或底面同时连接一个石墨导电体(7),通过2N-1个石墨导电体(7)将2N个电阻发热体(9)串联,第一个和最后一个电阻发热体(9)的底部分别连接一个石墨电极(6)。该装置保证了相邻电阻发热体的绝缘性能,完成分离后剩余物料散热速度快。

Description

说明书 发明名称:一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置 技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于冶金及环保技术领域, 特别涉及一种铝电解固体废料分离回收 和石油焦高温脱硫的装置。
背景技术
[0002] 在铝电解生产过程中产生阳极炭渣固体废料, 这种废料主要含有冰晶石电解质 组分和阳极脱落的碳质组分, 在铝电解槽大修过程中产生碳质固体废料和非碳 质固体废料; 碳质固体废料包括废阴极炭块、 废边部槽内衬的碳质炭块和阴极 炭块之间的捣固糊所形成的碳质固体废料; 碳质固体废料中含有电解槽电解过 程中渗入的电解质组分和碱金属钠钾等以及少量的有毒氰化物; 非碳质固体废 料包括渗有电解质组分的槽内衬耐火材料, 包括渗有电解质组分的氮化硅结合 的碳化硅耐火材料; 除此之外, 在原铝铸造和铝材加工过程中, 还产生较多的 以氧化铝、 氮化铝、 金属铝为主要成份的固体废料, 这些固体废料如果不加处 理弃置或填埋会对环境产生很大的污染。
[0003] 对上述固体废料的分离回收或无害化处理一直是铝冶金和环保工作者研究的课 题, 并发明了很多方法, 这些方法和技术汇总在欧耶教授所撰写的 《铝电解槽 阴极》 一书中, 书中的方法虽然很多, 但都有缺陷, 目前尚未能找到一个能彻 底地完全分离和回收这些固体废料的方法; 最近, 专利 CN105088274A、 CN104 894601A、 CN105603216A、 CN106643120A等发明了几种不同形式的电阻炉在真 空条件下分离和回收铝工业固体废料和石油焦脱硫的方法和装置; 然而这些方 法和装置也有不足之处: 电阻炉采用圆形炉体, 虽然可使炉体受力均匀, 但电 阻发热体与电阻发热体之间的空间受到限制, 之间绝缘性能也比较差; 此外, 其产能也受到限制, 炉体在停电结束后, 中心温度不易散发出来, 降温速度慢 , 导致生产周期较长。
发明概述
技术问题 问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 针对上述问题, 本实用新型提供一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 采用方形炉体结构, 将碳质固体废料的碎块料或石油焦作为电阻发 热体装置内竖立, 使电阻发热体沿装置轴向成一排或两排, 并通过石墨导电体 串联, 保证相邻电阻发热体的绝缘性能, 分离 /脱硫完成后散热速度快, 提高产 能缩短生产周期。
[0005] 本实用新型的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置包括炉壳 (1) 、 炉盖 (2) 、 炉内衬 (3) 、 炉内砌体 (4) 、 石墨电极 (6) 和石墨导电 体 (7) ; 炉壳 (1) 的内壁设置炉内衬 (3) 炉内衬 (3) 内部设置多个炉内 砌体 (4) 各炉内砌体 (4) 的底端与底部的炉内衬 (3) 连接, 各炉内砌体 ( 4) 与水平面垂直; 其中位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 覆盖在侧部的炉内衬 (3) 的 内表面, 位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) 的两端与位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 连接; 每个位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) 上设有若干个条形通孔 (11) 条形通孔 (11) 将每个位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) 的两个侧面连通; 多个位于内部的炉内砌体 ( 4) 围成 2N个电阻发热体腔和若干个空腔 (10) 相邻两个电阻发热体腔之间有 一个空腔 (10) 电阻发热体腔与外部的炉内砌体 (4) 之间也设有空腔 (10)
; 电阻发热体腔用于放置电阻发热体 (9) 并且相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 的 顶面或底面同时连接一个石墨导电体 (7) 通过 2N-1个石墨导电体 (7) 将 2N 个电阻发热体 (9) 串联; 其中连接相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 顶面的石墨导电 体 (7) 位于炉内砌体 (4) 的上方, 连接相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 底面的石墨 导电体 (7) 穿过炉内砌体 (4) 并且位于底部炉内衬 (3) 的上方; 在 2N个电阻 发热体 (9) 串联的条件下, 第一个和最后一个电阻发热体 (9) 的底部分别连 接一个石墨电极 (6) ; 炉壳 (1) 上方设有炉盖 (2) 炉盖 (2) 内部为封闭 的空腔, 空腔中填充有轻质耐火保温材料 (5) ; 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 高 度高于位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) ; 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 、 炉盖 (2) 和内 部的炉内砌体 (4) 围成的空间作为炉内上部空间 (12) 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 的上部设有真空抽气出口 (13) 真空抽气出口 (13) 内部与炉内上部空 间 (12) 连通, 真空抽气出口 (13) 外部用于连接碱金属 /单质硫集收器以及真 空泵; 其中 N为大于等于 1的自然数。
[0006] 上述装置中, 炉盖 (2) 和炉壳 (1) 通过法兰连接, 法兰之间设有真空垫圈 ( 8) ; 炉壳 (1) 外壁的顶部法兰下方设有外冷却水腔 (18) 。
[0007] 上述装置中, 每个石墨电极 (6) 内设置有铜电极 (14) , 铜电极 (14) 内部 设有电极冷却水腔 (15) , 铜电极 (14) 通过密封圈 (16) 和密封装置 (17) 固定在炉壳 (1) 上; 两个铜电极 (14) 分别连接电源的两极使电阻发热体 (9 ) 、 石墨导电体 (7) 、 石墨电极 (6) 、 铜电极 (14) 和电源构成导电回路。
[0008] 上述装置中, 炉内衬 (3) 由耐火保温材料砌筑构成。
[0009] 上述装置中, 条形通孔 (11) 的宽度为 3~6cm, 其长度方向与水平面垂直。
[0010] 上述装置中, 电阻发热体腔为水平截面正方形的井式腔体; 空腔 (10) 为水平 截面矩形的井式腔体; 各井式腔体轴线与水平面垂直。
[0011] 上述装置中, 电阻发热体 (9) 为铝电解碳质固体废料的碎块料, 或者为煅后 的石油焦; 电阻发热体 (9) 为长方体结构, 其轴向与水平面垂直。
[0012] 上述装置中, 炉壳 (1) 的侧部设置有测温装置 (19) 。
[0013] 上述装置中, 2N个电阻发热体腔沿炉壳 (1) 的长度方向排列成一排或两排; 当排列成一排时, 两个石墨电极 (6) 分别位于炉壳 (1) 长度方向的两端; 当 排列成两排时, 两个石墨电极 (6) 位于炉壳 (1) 长度方向的同一端。
[0014] 上述装置中, 当 2N个电阻发热体沿炉壳的长度方向排列称一排时, 装置称为单 排装置; 当两个以上的单排装置同时工作时, 将相邻两个单排装置的一端的两 个铜电极用导电母线 (20) 串联, 第一个和最后一个单排装置的铜电极分别与 电源的两极连接, 使两个以上的单排装置串联工作。
[0015] 本实用新型的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置的使用方 法之一包括以下步骤:
[0016] 1、 准备铝电解碳质固体废料的碎块料;
[0017] 2、 将铝电解碳质固体废料的碎块料置于电阻发热体腔内, 制成电阻发热体;
[0018] 3、 将若干石墨导电体放在相邻两个电阻发热体的顶面, 与电阻发热体底部的 石墨导电体共同将各电阻发热体串联; [0019] 4、 在炉壳上盖炉盖, 向电极冷却水腔和外冷却水腔内通入冷却水, 开启真空 泵, 通过真空抽气出口抽真空, 使装置内部的真空度<lPa;
[0020] 5、 通过电源对两个铜电极通入直流电, 对电阻发热体进行通电加热, 使铝电 解碳质固体废料的碎块料的温度升高至 1100- 1500°C, 使氟化物电解质组分以及 金属组分被蒸馏分离出来; 氟化物电解质组分因具有较高的初晶温度, 在炉内 上部空间和井式空腔内凝结; 金属组分经真空抽气出口进入碱金属集收器后凝 结; 所述的金属组分为金属钠或钠钾合金;
[0021] 6、 电阻发热体中的氟化物电解质组分和金属组分全部被分离后, 停止通入直 流电; 通过碱金属集收器上设置的氩气充气口向装置内部充入氩气至常压, 待 装置内部的温度降至常温后, 开启炉盖将电阻发热体腔内的剩余物料、 炉内上 部空间凝结的物料和井式空腔内凝结的物料取出。
[0022] 上述方法中, 电阻发热体中的氰化物 NaCN与 Na 3A1F 6和金属钠反应生成 AIN , 其反应方程式为:
[0023] 1.5Na 3A1F 6 + 1.5NaCN + 3Na= 1.5A1N + 9NaF+1.5C。
[0024] 上述方法中, 电阻发热体腔内的剩余物料为无毒、 无氟化物电解质和无碱金属 的碳质物料。
[0025] 本实用新型的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置的使用方 法之二包括以下步骤:
[0026] 1、 将电解槽碳质固体废料破碎成碎块料, 置于电阻发热体腔内, 制成电阻发 热体;
[0027] 2、 将电解槽非碳质固体废料中的耐火材料类固体废料破碎并磨细成粉, 然后 加入粘结剂压制成球团, 或与铝灰混合后加入粘结剂压制成球团; 将球团烘干 后置于电阻发热体腔之间的空腔内;
[0028] 3、 将若干石墨导电体放在相邻两个电阻发热体的顶面, 与电阻发热体底部的 石墨导电体共同将各电阻发热体串联;
[0029] 4、 在炉壳上盖炉盖, 向电极冷却水腔和外冷却水腔内通入冷却水, 开启真空 泵, 通过真空抽气出口抽真空, 使装置内部的真空度<lPa;
[0030] 5、 通过电源对两个铜电极通入直流电, 对电阻发热体进行通电加热, 使铝电 解碳质固体废料的碎块料的温度升高至 1300~1500°C, 电阻发热体中的氟化物电 解质组分和金属组分被蒸馏分离出来, 球团中的氟化物电解质组分被蒸馏分离 出来; 当球团中含有铝灰时, 铝灰中的金属铝将球团中的碱金属氧化物的碱金 属还原蒸发出来; 氟化物电解质组分因具有较高的初晶温度, 在炉内上部空间 以及井式空腔内凝结; 其他被蒸馏分离的碱金属经真空抽气出口进入碱金属集 收器后凝结; 所述的金属组分为金属钠和 /或钠钾合金;
[0031] 6、 电阻发热体中的氟化物电解质组分和金属组分, 以及球团中的氟化物电解 质组分和金属组分全部被分离后, 停止通入直流电, 通过碱金属集收器上设置 的氩气充气口向装置内部充入氩气至常压, 待装置内部的温度降至常温后, 开 启炉盖将电阻发热体腔内的剩余物料、 井式空腔内的剩余物料和炉内上部空间 凝结的物料取出。
[0032] 上述方法中, 电阻发热体中的氰化物 NaCN与 Na 3A1F 6和金属钠反应生成 AIN , 其反应方程式为:
[0033] 1.5Na 3A1F 6 + 1.5NaCN + 3Na= 1.5A1N + 9NaF+1.5C。
[0034] 上述方法中, 电阻发热体腔内的剩余物料为无毒、 无氟化物电解质和无碱金属 的碳质物料, 电阻发热体空腔之间的井式空腔内的剩余物料为五氟化物电解质 的固体废料, 或者为无氟化物无碱金属氧化物的固定物料。
[0035] 本实用新型的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置的使用方 法之三包括以下步骤:
[0036] 1、 将电解槽碳质固体废料破碎成碎块料, 置于电阻发热体腔内, 制成电阻发 热体;
[0037] 2、 将阳极炭渣磨细成粉, 再与有机粘结剂混匀后压制成球团料; 将球团料在 5
00~600°C烧结, 制成由炭和电解质组分组成的烧结球团; 将烧结球团置于电阻 发热体腔和外部的炉内砌体之间的井式空腔内;
[0038] 3、 将若干石墨导电体放在相邻两个电阻发热体的顶面, 与电阻发热体底部的 石墨导电体共同将各电阻发热体串联;
[0039] 4、 在炉壳上盖炉盖, 向电极冷却水腔和外冷却水腔内通入冷却水, 开启真空 泵, 通过真空抽气出口抽真空, 使装置内部的真空度<lPa; [0040] 5、 通过电源对两个铜电极通入直流电, 对电阻发热体进行通电加热, 使铝电 解碳质固体废料的碎块料的温度升高至 1300~1500°C, 电阻发热体中的氟化物电 解质组分和金属组分被蒸馏分离出来, 烧结球团中的氟化物电解质组分被蒸馏 分离出来; 氟化物电解质组分因具有较高的初晶温度, 在炉内上部空间以及井 式空腔内凝结; 金属组分经真空抽气出口进入碱金属集收器后凝结; 所述的金 属组分为金属钠和 /或钠钾合金;
[0041] 6、 电阻发热体中的氟化物电解质组分和金属组分全部被分离后, 停止通入直 流电, 通过碱金属集收器上设置的氩气充气口向装置内部充入氩气至常压, 待 装置内部的温度降至常温后, 开启炉盖将电阻发热体腔内的剩余物料、 井式空 腔内的剩余物料和炉内上部空间凝结的物料取出。
[0042] 上述方法中, 电阻发热体中的氰化物 NaCN与 Na 3A1F 6和金属钠反应生成 AIN , 其反应方程式为:
[0043] 1.5Na 3A1F 6 + 1.5NaCN + 3Na= 1.5A1N + 9NaF+1.5C。
[0044] 上述方法中, 电阻发热体腔内的剩余物料为无毒、 无氟化物电解质和无碱金属 的碳质物料, 电阻发热体腔和外部的炉内砌体之间的井式空腔的物料为纯炭质 物料。
[0045] 本实用新型的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置的使用方 法之四包括以下步骤:
[0046] 1、 将煅后石油焦破碎至粒径 3cm以下, 填充到电阻发热体腔内, 制成电阻发热 体;
[0047] 2、 将若干石墨导电体放在相邻两个电阻发热体的顶面, 与电阻发热体底部的 石墨导电体共同将各电阻发热体串联;
[0048] 3、 在炉壳上盖炉盖, 向电极冷却水腔和外冷却水腔内通入冷却水, 开启真空 泵, 通过真空抽气出口抽真空, 使装置内部的真空度<lPa;
[0049] 4、 通过电源对两个铜电极通入直流电, 对电阻发热体进行通电加热, 使电阻 发热体的温度升高至 1600~1800°C, 电阻发热体中的硫被蒸馏分离出来, 经真空 抽气出口进入单质硫集收器凝结成液态了硫;
[0050] 5、 电阻发热体中的硫全部被分离后, 停止通入直流电, 通过单质硫集收器上 设置的氩气充气口向装置内部充入氩气至常压, 待装置内部的温度降至常温后 , 开启炉盖将电阻发热体腔内的剩余物料取出, 此剩余物料为无硫的石油焦。 发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0051] 本实用新型的装置及方法使电阻发热体在装置内竖立排列, 通过石墨导电体串 联, 保证了相邻电阻发热体的绝缘性能, 电阻发热体中的部分物料在真空和加 热状态下被蒸馏出去, 实现真空蒸馏分离, 完成分离后剩余物料散热速度快, 提高了产能, 缩短了生产周期。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0052] 图 1为本实用新型实施例 1中的铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装 置剖面结构俯视示意图;
[0053] 图 2为图 1的 A-A面剖图;
[0054] 图 3为图 1的 B-B面剖图
[0055] 图 4为本实用新型实施例 2中的铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装 置剖面结构俯视示意图;
[0056] 图 5为本实用新型实施例 3中的铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装 置剖面结构俯视示意图;
[0057] 图 6为图 5的 H-H面剖图;
[0058] 图 7为图 5的 D-D面剖图;
[0059] 图 8为图 5的 E-E面剖图;
[0060] 图中, 1、 炉壳, 2、 炉盖, 3、 炉内衬, 4、 炉内砌体, 5、 轻质耐火保温材料 , 6.、 石墨电极, 7、 石墨导电体, 8、 真空垫圈, 9、 电阻发热体, 10、 空腔, 1 1、 条形通孔, 12、 炉内上部空间, 13、 真空抽气出口, 14、 铜电极, 15、 电极 冷却水腔, 16、 密封圈, 17、 密封装置, 18、 外冷却水腔, 19、 测温装置, 20 、 导电母线。
发明实施例 本发明的实施方式
[0061] 本实用新型实施例中采用的碱金属 /单质硫集收器为公开号 CN105603216B的专 利所记载的液体低熔点物质集收器。
[0062] 本实用新型实施例中使用的煅后石油焦为经回转窑煅烧后的煅后石油焦。
[0063] 本实用新型实施例中炉内砌体材质为碳氮化硅。
[0064] 实施例 1
[0065] 铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置剖面结构如图 1所示, A-A 面如图 2所示, B-B面如图 3所示, 包括炉壳 (1) 、 炉盖 (2) 、 炉内衬 (3) 、 炉内砌体 (4) 、 石墨电极 (6) 和石墨导电体 (7) ; 炉壳 (1) 的内壁设置炉 内衬 (3) 炉内衬 (3) 内部设置多个炉内砌体 (4) 各炉内砌体 (4) 的底 端与底部的炉内衬 (3) 连接, 各炉内砌体 (4) 与水平面垂直; 其中位于外部 的炉内砌体 (4) 覆盖在侧部的炉内衬 (3) 的内表面, 位于内部的炉内砌体 (4 ) 的两端与位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 连接; 每个位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) 上 设有若干个条形通孔 (11) 条形通孔 (11) 将每个位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) 的两个侧面连通; 多个位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) 围成 2x3=6个电阻发热体腔和 若干个空腔 (10) 相邻两个电阻发热体腔之间有一个空腔 (10) 电阻发热 体腔与外部的炉内砌体 (4) 之间也设有空腔 (10) ; 电阻发热体腔用于放置电 阻发热体 (9) 并且相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 的顶面或底面同时连接一个石 墨导电体 (7) 通过 5个石墨导电体 (7) 将 6个电阻发热体 (9) 串联;
[0066] 连接相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 顶面的石墨导电体 (7) 位于炉内砌体 (4) 的 上方, 连接相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 底面的石墨导电体 (7) 穿过炉内砌体 (4 ) 并且位于底部炉内衬 (3) 的上方; 在 2N个电阻发热体 (9) 串联的条件下, 第一个和最后一个电阻发热体 (9) 的底部分别连接一个石墨电极 (6) ;
[0067] 炉壳 ⑴ 上方设有炉盖 (2) 炉盖 (2) 内部为封闭的空腔, 空腔中填充有 轻质耐火保温材料 (5) ; 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 高度高于位于内部的炉内 砌体 (4) ; 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 、 炉盖 (2) 和内部的炉内砌体 (4) 围 成的空间作为炉内上部空间 (12) ; 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 的上部设有真空 抽气出口 (13) 真空抽气出口 (13) 内部与炉内上部空间 (12) 连通, 真空 抽气出口 (13) 外部用于连接碱金属 /单质硫集收器以及真空泵; 其中 N为大于 等于 1的自然数;
[0068] 炉盖 (2) 和炉壳 (1) 通过法兰连接, 法兰之间设有真空垫圈 (8) ; 炉壳 (1 ) 外壁的顶部法兰下方设有外冷却水腔 (18)
[0069] 每个石墨电极 (6) 内设置有铜电极 (14) , 铜电极 (14) 内部设有电极冷却 水腔 (15) , 铜电极 (14) 外部通过密封圈 (16) 和密封装置 (17) 固定在炉 壳 (1) 上; 两个铜电极 (14) 分别连接电源的两极使电阻发热体 (9) 、 石墨 导电体 (7) 、 石墨电极 (6) 、 铜电极 (14) 和电源构成导电回路。
[0070] 炉内衬 (3) 由耐火保温材料砌筑构成;
[0071] 条形通孔 (11) 的宽度为 3~6cm, 其长度方向与水平面垂直;
[0072] 电阻发热体腔为水平截面正方形的井式腔体; 空腔 (10) 为水平截面矩形的井 式腔体; 各井式腔体轴线与水平面垂直;
[0073] 电阻发热体 (9) 为为铝电解碳质固体废料的碎块料, 或者为煅后的石油焦; 电阻发热体 (9) 为长方体结构, 其轴向与水平面垂直;
[0074] 炉壳 (1) 的侧部设置有测温装置 (19) ;
[0075] 2N个电阻发热体腔沿炉壳 (1) 的长度方向排列成一排, 两个石墨电极 (6) 分 别位于炉壳 (1) 长度方向的两端。
[0076] 实施例 2
[0077] 铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置剖面结构如图 4所示, 装置 为两个同实施例 1中的装置同时工作; 两个单排装置的同一端的两个铜电极用导 电母线 (20) 串联, 两个单排装置的另外一个铜电极分别与电源的两极连接, 使两个以上的单排装置串联工作。
[0078] 实施例 3
[0079] 铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置剖面结构如图 5所示, H-H 面如图 6所示, D-D面如图 7所示, E-E面如图 8所示, 2x6=12个电阻发热体腔沿炉 壳 (1) 的长度方向排列成两排; 通过 11个石墨导电体将 12个电阻发热体串联; 两个石墨电极 (6) 位于炉壳 (1) 长度方向的同一端。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置, 其特征在于 包括炉壳 (1) 、 炉盖 (2) 、 炉内衬 (3) 、 炉内砌体 (4) 、 石墨电 极 (6) 和石墨导电体 (7) ; 炉壳 (1) 的内壁设置炉内衬 (3) , 炉 内衬 (3) 内部设置多个炉内砌体 (4) , 各炉内砌体 (4) 的底端与 底部的炉内衬 (3) 连接, 各炉内砌体 (4) 与水平面垂直; 其中位于 外部的炉内砌体 (4) 覆盖在侧部的炉内衬 (3) 的内表面, 位于内部 的炉内砌体 (4) 的两端与位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 连接; 每个位于 内部的炉内砌体 (4) 上设有若干个条形通孔 (11) , 条形通孔 (11 ) 将每个位于内部的炉内砌体 (4) 的两个侧面连通; 多个位于内部 的炉内砌体 (4) 围成 2N个电阻发热体腔和若干个空腔 (10) , 相邻 两个电阻发热体腔之间有一个空腔 (10) , 电阻发热体腔与外部的炉 内砌体 (4) 之间也设有空腔 (10) ; 电阻发热体腔用于放置电阻发 热体 (9) , 并且相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 的顶面或底面同时连接一 个石墨导电体 (7) , 通过 2N-1个石墨导电体 (7) 将 2N个电阻发热 体 (9) 串联; 其中连接相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 顶面的石墨导电体 (7) 位于炉内砌体 (4) 的上方, 连接相邻两个电阻发热体 (9) 底 面的石墨导电体 (7) 穿过炉内砌体 (4) 并且位于底部炉内衬 (3) 的上方; 在 2N个电阻发热体 (9) 串联的条件下, 第一个和最后一个 电阻发热体 (9) 的底部分别连接一个石墨电极 (6) ; 炉壳 (1) 上 方设有炉盖 (2) , 炉盖 (2) 内部为封闭的空腔, 空腔中填充有轻质 耐火保温材料 (5) ; 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 高度高于位于内部的 炉内砌体 (4) ; 位于外部的炉内砌体 (4) 、 炉盖 (2) 和内部的炉 内砌体 (4) 围成的空间作为炉内上部空间 (12) , 位于外部的炉内 砌体 (4) 的上部设有真空抽气出口 (13) , 真空抽气出口 (13) 内 部与炉内上部空间 (12) 连通, 真空抽气出口 (13) 外部用于连接碱 金属 /单质硫集收器以及真空泵; 其中 N为大于等于 1的自然数。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 其特征在于所述的石墨电极 (6) 内设置有铜电极 (14)
, 铜电极 (14) 内部设有电极冷却水腔 (15) , 铜电极 (14) 通过密 封圈 (16) 和密封装置 (17) 固定在炉壳 (1) 上; 两个铜电极 (14 ) 分别连接电源的两极使电阻发热体 (9) 、 石墨导电体 (7) 、 石墨 电极 (6) 、 铜电极 (14) 和电源构成导电回路。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 其特征在于所述的条形通孔 (11) 的宽度为 3~6cm, 其长 度方向与水平面垂直。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 其特征在于所述的电阻发热体腔为水平截面正方形的井式 腔体; 空腔 (10) 为水平截面矩形的井式腔体; 各井式腔体轴线与水 平面垂直。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 其特征在于所述的电阻发热体 (9) 为铝电解碳质固体废 料的碎块料, 或者为煅后的石油焦; 电阻发热体 (9) 为长方体结构 , 其轴向与水平面垂直。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 其特征在于所述的炉壳 (1) 的侧部设置有测温装置 (19
Figure imgf000013_0001
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 其特征在于所述的 2N个电阻发热体腔沿炉壳 (1) 的长度 方向排列成一排或两排; 当排列成一排时, 两个石墨电极 (6) 分别 位于炉壳 (1) 长度方向的两端; 当排列成两排时, 两个石墨电极 (6 ) 位于炉壳 (1) 长度方向的同一端。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述的一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱 硫的装置, 其特征在于所述的当 2N个电阻发热体沿炉壳的长度方向 排列称一排时, 装置称为单排装置; 当两个以上的单排装置同时工作 时, 将相邻两个单排装置的一端的两个铜电极用导电母线 (20) 串联 , 第一个和最后一个单排装置的铜电极分别与电源的两极连接, 使两 个以上的单排装置串联工作。
PCT/CN2019/105304 2018-09-29 2019-09-11 一种铝电解固体废料分离回收和石油焦高温脱硫的装置 WO2020063345A1 (zh)

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