WO2020050106A1 - 懸濁重合用分散助剤及びビニル系樹脂の製造方法 - Google Patents
懸濁重合用分散助剤及びビニル系樹脂の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020050106A1 WO2020050106A1 PCT/JP2019/033587 JP2019033587W WO2020050106A1 WO 2020050106 A1 WO2020050106 A1 WO 2020050106A1 JP 2019033587 W JP2019033587 W JP 2019033587W WO 2020050106 A1 WO2020050106 A1 WO 2020050106A1
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- Prior art keywords
- suspension polymerization
- vinyl
- polymerization
- dispersion aid
- vinyl ester
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F218/08—Vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
- C08F2/20—Suspension polymerisation with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dispersion aid for suspension polymerization, particularly to a dispersion aid suitable for suspension polymerization of vinyl compounds, particularly vinyl chloride.
- vinyl polymers such as vinyl chloride resins
- a suspension polymerization method in which a vinyl compound is dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersant, and polymerization is carried out using an oil-soluble catalyst.
- factors that control the quality of the resin include a polymerization rate, a water-monomer ratio, a polymerization temperature, an amount and a charging time of a polymerization initiator, a type of a polymerization tank, a stirring speed, and a type and amount of a dispersant.
- factors that control the quality of the resin include a polymerization rate, a water-monomer ratio, a polymerization temperature, an amount and a charging time of a polymerization initiator, a type of a polymerization tank, a stirring speed, and a type and amount of a dispersant.
- the performance required of the dispersant for suspension polymerization of vinyl compounds is as follows: (1) The suspension polymerization stability is remarkably excellent when a small amount is used, and the particle size distribution of the obtained vinyl polymer particles is as sharp as possible. (2) to facilitate the processability of the polymer by increasing the rate of absorption of the plasticizer into the polymer particles, to facilitate the removal of monomers such as vinyl chloride remaining in the polymer particles, In addition, in order to prevent the formation of fish eyes and the like in the molded article, it has a function of making it porous, (3) it has a function of forming polymer particles having a large bulk specific gravity, and (4) it has good handling properties. And the like.
- the required level of these performances (1) to (4) is increasing day by day.
- the regulation of the amount of the residual monomer is at a very high level from the viewpoint of the environment. If it is difficult to remove the vinyl chloride monomer remaining in the particles in the drying step after the completion of the polymerization of polyvinyl chloride, it is necessary to dry for a long time or at a high temperature to remove the remaining monomer. There is also concern about deterioration of the vinyl resin.
- a main dispersant of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PVA) is mainly used.
- PVA having a saponification degree of 65 to 99 mol% is used as a main dispersant, and PVA having a saponification degree of less than 65 mol% is frequently used as a dispersing aid.
- the main dispersant is used mainly for the performance of (1) and (3), and the dispersing aid is used for the performance of (2).
- the performance (4) is required for all dispersants used.
- Examples of such a dispersing aid include saponification of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a saponification degree of 10 to 85% by mole with an ionic group at one end (Patent Document 1) or a polymer comprising vinyl acetate and an unsaturated carboxylic acid. (Patent Document 2), a vinyl alcohol-based polymer having a degree of saponification of 35 mol% or more and 65 mol% or less and having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms at the terminal (Patent Document 3) ) Etc. have been proposed.
- the dispersion aid of a vinyl-based compound that sufficiently satisfies these required performances including the dispersion aid using PVA described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, has been proposed. It is hard to say that the agent is present.
- a conventional dispersing aid is manufactured by polymerizing a vinyl ester monomer to obtain a vinyl ester polymer, and then performing a saponification reaction with an alkali or the like. There are drawbacks that there is a concern that they remain and that the process is long and costly.
- the present invention is a dispersion aid for suspension polymerization excellent in handling properties, when the suspension aid for suspension polymerization is used for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound, formation of coarse particles is small.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a dispersing aid for suspension polymerization capable of obtaining vinyl resin particles having a high plasticizer absorptivity.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a vinyl resin using such a dispersing agent for suspension polymerization.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, obtained a vinyl ester-based polymer having an acid value (KOH / mg / g) of 5 or more and less than 100 by dispersion of a vinyl-based compound for suspension polymerization. It has been found that it is effective to use it as an auxiliary.
- the present invention is a dispersion aid for suspension polymerization containing a vinyl ester polymer having an acid value (KOHKmg / g) of 5 or more and less than 100.
- the vinyl ester-based polymer is a vinyl acetate-based polymer.
- the vinyl ester polymer has a viscosity average degree of polymerization of 100 to 1,000.
- the degree of saponification of the vinyl ester polymer is 5 mol% or less.
- the vinyl ester-based polymer is contained in an amount of 60% by mass or more.
- the vinyl ester polymer has an acid value (KOHKmg / g) of 10 or more and less than 40.
- the present invention provides, using the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization according to the present invention, a vinyl compound monomer, or a mixture of a vinyl compound monomer and a monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- a method for producing a vinyl resin which comprises dispersing a polymer in water to carry out suspension polymerization.
- the present invention is a dispersion aid for suspension polymerization having excellent handling properties.When the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization is used for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound, formation of coarse particles is small, and a plasticizer is used. And a dispersing aid for suspension polymerization capable of producing vinyl resin particles having high absorbency.
- the vinyl ester polymer contained in the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization according to one embodiment of the present invention may have an acid value (KOH mg / g) of 5 or more and less than 100 from the viewpoint of water solubility and performance. is important.
- KOH mg / g an acid value
- the acid value is less than 5 mg / g, the water solubility becomes insufficient, which is a practical problem from the viewpoint of handling. Therefore, the acid value needs to be 5 mg / g or more, preferably 7 mg / g or more, more preferably 10 mg / g or more.
- the acid value is 100 mg / g or more, the dispersion system becomes unstable, resulting in a practical problem such as formation of coarse particles of the obtained vinyl resin particles.
- the acid value needs to be less than 100 mg / g, preferably less than 90 mg / g, more preferably less than 80 mg / g, even more preferably less than 70 mg / g, and more preferably 60 mg / g. / G, even more preferably less than 50 mg / g, more preferably less than 40 mg / g, even more preferably less than 30 mg / g.
- the acid value is measured according to JIS K0070: 1992. That is, it is determined from the amount of potassium hydroxide necessary for neutralizing the vinyl ester polymer.
- the vinyl ester polymer contained in the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization according to one embodiment of the present invention preferably has a degree of saponification of 5 mol% or less, more preferably 2 mol% or less, and still more preferably. Is 1 mol% or less.
- the degree of saponification can be set to 0 mol%. Reducing the degree of saponification is economically advantageous because the step of saponification can be omitted or shortened, and is also advantageous in increasing the acid value.
- the saponification degree of the vinyl ester polymer is measured by a method according to JIS-K6726: 1994. That is, it can be determined by back titration using N / 10 sulfuric acid specified in JIS-K8951: 2006 and N / 10 sodium hydroxide solution specified in JIS-K8576: 2019.
- the method for producing the vinyl ester polymer containing the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization according to one embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when radical polymerizing the vinyl ester monomer, the unsaturated carboxylic acid coexistence
- the method of polymerizing below is simple.
- Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, (meth) acrylic acid, and the like.
- One kind of unsaturated carboxylic acid may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
- the use of crotonic acid is most preferred in view of the reactivity ratio with the vinyl ester and ease of handling.
- Vinyl ester monomers include, but are not limited to, vinyl acetate, vinyl formate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valerate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl pivalate, and versa Tic acid vinyl and the like.
- the vinyl ester monomer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the use of vinyl acetate is most preferable in terms of availability, handling, and economical aspects.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the vinyl ester polymer contained in the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization is preferably 100 or more from the viewpoint of dispersion stability and production efficiency when the vinyl compound is subjected to suspension polymerization.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization is less than 100, the dispersion system tends to be unstable when the vinyl compound is subjected to suspension polymerization, and the particle size of the obtained vinyl resin tends to be coarse. Further, since the softening temperature of the dispersing agent for suspension polymerization is lowered, it is easy to block in the drying step, and the production becomes difficult. Therefore, the viscosity average degree of polymerization is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 150 or more, and even more preferably 200 or more.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the vinyl ester polymer contained in the dispersing aid for suspension polymerization is obtained by preventing the viscosity of the aqueous solution from becoming high and making it difficult to handle, or by obtaining a suspension compound of the vinyl compound.
- it is preferably at most 1,000, more preferably at most 800, even more preferably at most 600.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization is measured according to JIS K6725: 1977. That is, the vinyl ester polymer contained in the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization is determined from the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] measured in acetone at 30 ° C.
- the polymerization method of the vinyl ester polymer contained in the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization is not particularly limited, and the polymerization method includes batch polymerization, semi-batch polymerization, continuous polymerization, and semi-continuous polymerization. Either may be used.
- the monomers may be charged all at once, dividedly charged, or added continuously or intermittently.
- known polymerization methods such as solution, emulsification, suspension, and bulk polymerization are optionally used, but no solvent remains after polymerization, and the method in which the polymer is obtained as particles does not leave a solvent in the product, and drying is easy. From the point of view, the suspension polymerization method is preferred.
- other monomers may be further copolymerized as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- specific examples of the other monomers include olefins such as ethylene and propylene, dialkyl maleates, dialkyl fumarate, and alkyl vinyl ethers.
- the polymerization initiator for radical polymerization of the vinyl ester monomer is not particularly limited, but may be azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobis (4-methoxy-2, Azo compounds such as 4-dimethylvaleronitrile), azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, azobismethoxyvaleronitrile, acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl- Peroxides such as 2-peroxyphenoxyacetate, percarbonate compounds such as diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate, diethoxyethylperoxydicarbonate, ⁇ -cumene Peroxyneodecanoate, t- butyl perester compounds such as peroxy
- an aldehyde resulting from the oxidative decomposition of the vinyl ester-based monomer may be generated to form a condensate, which may cause coloring or the like.
- an antioxidant such as citric acid may be added to the polymerization system in an amount of about 1 ppm to 100 ppm (based on the total mass of the vinyl ester monomer) for the purpose of preventing coloration.
- the dispersion auxiliary agent for suspension polymerization according to an embodiment of the present invention has a vinyl ester-based polymer having an acid value (KOH / mg / g) of 5 to less than 100 from the viewpoint of exhibiting desired performance by 60 mass%. %, More preferably at least 80% by mass, even more preferably at least 90% by mass.
- the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization of the present invention may contain various additives as long as the purpose of the present invention is not impaired.
- additives examples include polymerization regulators such as aldehydes, halogenated hydrocarbons, and mercaptans; polymerization inhibitors such as phenol compounds, sulfur compounds, and N-oxide compounds; pH regulators; crosslinking agents; A fungicide, an antiblocking agent, an antifoaming agent and the like.
- the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization according to one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used particularly for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound.
- Vinyl compounds include vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters and salts thereof; maleic acid, fumaric acid, esters and anhydrides thereof; Examples include styrene, acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride, and vinyl ether.
- the dispersing aid for suspension polymerization of the present invention is particularly preferably used when performing suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride alone or with a monomer capable of copolymerizing vinyl chloride with vinyl chloride. Used.
- Examples of monomers that can be copolymerized with vinyl chloride include vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; (meth) acrylates such as methyl (meth) acrylate and ethyl (meth) acrylate; ethylene; ⁇ -olefins such as propylene; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic anhydride and itaconic acid; acrylonitrile, styrene, vinylidene chloride, vinyl ether and the like.
- vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate
- (meth) acrylates such as methyl (meth) acrylate and ethyl (meth) acrylate
- ethylene ethylene
- ⁇ -olefins such as propylene
- unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic anhydride and itaconic acid
- acrylonitrile, styrene, vinylidene chloride, vinyl ether and the like
- Dispersion aid for suspension polymerization is suitable for the production of soft vinyl chloride resin in terms of producing vinyl chloride resin particles having excellent plasticizer absorption, Because of its excellent particle size distribution, it can be applied to the production of vinyl chloride resins for hard use.
- the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used alone, but can also be used in combination with another stabilizer, for example, a cellulosic derivative, a surfactant, or the like.
- the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization according to one embodiment of the present invention has a large amount of plasticizer absorption, by using this, the resin particles are porous, and the physical properties such as fish eyes are very low and the properties are extremely excellent. Vinyl chloride resin is always obtained.
- the polymerization method of the vinyl-based compound will be specifically described with reference to examples, but is not limited thereto.
- the dispersion aid for suspension polymerization described above is used in an amount of 0.01 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of the vinyl compound monomer. To 0.3 parts by mass, preferably 0.02 to 0.10 parts by mass.
- the ratio of the vinyl compound to water can be from 1: 0.9 to 1: 3 by mass, preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 3. 5
- the polymerization initiator may be any of those conventionally used in the polymerization of vinyl compounds.
- examples of such a polymerization initiator include percarbonates such as diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate and diethoxyethylperoxydicarbonate.
- percarbonates such as diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate and diethoxyethylperoxydicarbonate.
- Compounds, perester compounds such as t-butyl peroxy neodecanoate, ⁇ -cumyl peroxy neodecanoate, acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-2-peroxyphenoxy acetate, etc.
- azo compounds such as azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc., alone or in combination Can be used.
- a polymerization regulator e.g., a chain transfer agent, a gelling improver, an antistatic agent, a pH regulator and the like appropriately used for the polymerization of the vinyl compound.
- the charge ratio of each component, the polymerization temperature, and the like may be determined according to the conditions conventionally used in suspension polymerization of the vinyl compound, and there is no particular limitation.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of a dispersing aid for suspension polymerization> 97 parts of vinyl acetate, 180 parts of water, 0.3 part of polyvinyl alcohol (W-20N manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant, and normal butyraldehyde (nBA) 1 as a chain transfer agent 6.6 parts, 3 parts of crotonic acid and 0.9 part of azobisisobutyronitrile were charged into a polymerization vessel, heated and polymerized at 60 ° C., and polymerized for 7 hours. The polymerization rate at the end of the polymerization was measured by the method shown below.
- the polymerization rate was determined by a gravimetric method by sampling a small amount of the vinyl ester monomer and vinyl ester polymer particles in a state of being uniformly dispersed in water, drying the sampled solution at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Example 2 and 3 Dispersion aids B and C for suspension polymerization were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of normal butyraldehyde and crotonic acid added were changed to the conditions shown in Table 1. Next, suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the obtained dispersion assistants B and C for suspension polymerization were used. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the dispersion assistants B and C for suspension polymerization and the vinyl chloride resin obtained using the same.
- Example 4 97 parts of vinyl acetate, 180 parts of water, 0.3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol (W-20N manufactured by Denka Corporation) as a dispersant, 1.4 parts of normal butyraldehyde (nBA) as a chain transfer agent, and azobisisobutyronitrile After 0.9 part was charged into a polymerization vessel and heated to 60 ° C., polymerization was performed while continuously adding itaconic acid for 6 hours so that the total addition amount became 1.0 part, and polymerization was further performed for 1 hour. Table 1 shows the conversion at the end of the polymerization. Next, unpolymerized vinyl acetate was removed by a conventional method, and the obtained vinyl ester polymer was flow-dried at 40 ° C.
- W-20N manufactured by Denka Corporation polyvinyl alcohol
- nBA normal butyraldehyde
- Table 1 shows the conversion at the end of the polymerization.
- unpolymerized vinyl acetate was removed by a conventional method, and the obtained
- dispersing aid D for suspension polymerization In this example, no additive was added, and the vinyl ester-based polymer itself constituted the dispersing aid D for suspension polymerization.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree, the saponification degree, the acid value and the water solubility were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 Suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that no dispersion aid for suspension polymerization was used. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the vinyl chloride resin.
- Example 2 A dispersion aid E for suspension polymerization was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of crotonic acid added was changed to the conditions shown in Table 1. The obtained dispersing aid E for suspension polymerization did not show water solubility. Then, suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the obtained dispersion aid E for suspension polymerization was used. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the dispersion assistant E for suspension polymerization and the vinyl chloride resin obtained using the same.
- Example 3 A dispersion aid F for suspension polymerization was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of normal butyraldehyde and the addition amount of crotonic acid were changed to the conditions shown in Table 1. The obtained dispersing aid F for suspension polymerization showed water solubility. Next, suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the obtained dispersion aid F for suspension polymerization was used, but vinyl chloride was blocked in an autoclave, and vinyl chloride particles were Can not be obtained. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the dispersing aid F for suspension polymerization.
- Comparative Example 4 100 parts of vinyl acetate, 150 parts of methanol (solvent and chain transfer agent), and 0.03 part of azobisisobutyronitrile (as a 1% methanol solution) are charged into a polymerization vessel, and heated at 60 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Polymerization was performed for 8 hours. Table 1 shows the conversion at the end of the polymerization. Then, unpolymerized vinyl acetate was removed by a conventional method, and the solvent for the vinyl ester polymer was removed by drying to obtain a dispersing aid G for suspension polymerization. In this comparative example, no additive was added, and the vinyl ester-based polymer itself constituted the dispersing aid G for suspension polymerization.
- the obtained dispersing aid G for suspension polymerization did not show water solubility.
- suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the obtained dispersion aid G for suspension polymerization was used.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the dispersion aid G for suspension polymerization and the vinyl chloride resin obtained using the same.
- unpolymerized vinyl acetate was removed by a conventional method, and the solvent for the vinyl ester polymer was removed by drying to obtain a modified vinyl ester polymer.
- the obtained modified vinyl ester polymer was dissolved in methanol to obtain a methanol solution having a polymer concentration of 35% in methanol. This was saponified with sodium hydroxide at 35 ° C. for 90 minutes. The amount of sodium hydroxide used was 7 millimol equivalents per 1 mol of vinyl acetate units of the resulting modified vinyl ester polymer. After filtration and drying, a dispersion aid H for suspension polymerization was obtained.
- the dispersing agent for suspension polymerization of the present invention is excellent in handleability because it is water-soluble, and the vinyl resin obtained by suspension polymerization using this is plasticizer absorbent. It can be seen that the ratio is high and the formation of coarse particles is small.
- Comparative Example 5 the reason why the compound was water-soluble despite its low acid value was that a hydroxyl group was introduced by saponification.
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Abstract
Description
尚、以下特に断りがない限り、「部」及び「%」は「質量部」及び「質量%」を意味する。
〈懸濁重合用分散助剤の製造〉酢酸ビニル97部、水180部、分散剤のポリビニルアルコール(デンカ株式会社製W-20N)0.3部、連鎖移動剤のノルマルブチルアルデヒド(nBA)1.6部、クロトン酸3部及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.9部を重合缶に仕込み、加熱して60℃で重合せしめ、7時間重合した。重合終了時点における重合率を下記に示す方法で測定した。次いで常法により未重合の酢酸ビニルを除去し、得られたビニルエステル系重合体を40℃で流動乾燥して懸濁重合用分散助剤Aを得た。この実施例では添加剤を添加しておらず、ビニルエステル系重合体自体が懸濁重合用分散助剤Aを構成する。得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Aについて、以下に示す方法で粘度平均重合度、ケン化度、酸価及び水溶性を評価し、評価結果を表1に示した。
重合率は、ビニルエステルモノマー及びビニルエステル系重合体粒子が水中で均一に分散している状態で少量サンプリングし、そのサンプリングした溶液を150℃で30分乾燥させ、重量法から求めた。
JIS K6725:1977に準拠して、得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Aを30℃のアセトン中で測定した極限粘度[η]から求めた。
JIS-K6726:1994に準拠して、得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Aのケン化度を求めた。
JIS K0070:1992に準拠して、得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Aの中和に必要な水酸化カリウムの量から求めた。
水90部に対し懸濁重合用分散助剤A10部を加えた後、pHを7.5~8.5になるよう炭酸ナトリウムを加えて室温で4時間撹拌したのち、撹拌を止め、沈殿の有無を目視で確認し、以下の基準に従って評価した。
○:均一な溶液又は分散液となっており、沈殿が生じていない。
×:沈殿が生じている。
JIS Z8815:1994に準拠して、60メッシュ(目開き250μm)、80メッシュ(目開き180μm)、100メッシュ(目開き150μm)、150メッシュ(目開き106μm)、200メッシュ(目開き75μm)の篩を用いて得られた塩化ビニル樹脂を分粒し、累積頻度50%の粒子径(D50)を平均粒径、累積頻度80%の粒子径(D80)と累積頻度20%の粒子径(D20)の差を粒度分布とした。
ISO 4608:1998(E)に準拠して測定した。
JIS K6720-2:1999に準拠して測定した。
ノルマルブチルアルデヒド添加量及びクロトン酸添加量を表1に記載の条件に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、懸濁重合用分散助剤B及びCを得た。次いで、得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤B及びCを使用した以外は実施例1と同様の条件で塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を実施した。懸濁重合用分散助剤B及びC及びこれを用いて得られた塩化ビニル樹脂の評価結果を表1に示す。
酢酸ビニル97部、水180部、分散剤のポリビニルアルコール(デンカ株式会社製W-20N)0.3部、連鎖移動剤のノルマルブチルアルデヒド(nBA)1.4部、及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.9部を重合缶に仕込み、加熱して60℃になった後、イタコン酸を総添加量が1.0部になるように6時間連続添加しながら重合せしめ、更に1時間重合した。重合終了時点における重合率を表1に示す。次いで常法により未重合の酢酸ビニルを除去し、得られたビニルエステル系重合体を40℃で流動乾燥して懸濁重合用分散助剤Dを得た。この実施例では添加剤を添加しておらず、ビニルエステル系重合体自体が懸濁重合用分散助剤Dを構成する。得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Dについて、実施例1と同じ方法で粘度平均重合度、ケン化度、酸価及び水溶性を評価し、評価結果を表1に示した。
懸濁重合用分散助剤を使用しなかった以外は実施例1と同様の条件で塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を実施した。塩化ビニル樹脂の評価結果を表1に示す。
クロトン酸添加量を表1に記載の条件に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、懸濁重合用分散助剤Eを得た。得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Eは水溶性を示さなかった。次いで、得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Eを使用した以外は実施例1と同様の条件で塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を実施した。懸濁重合用分散助剤E及びこれを用いて得られた塩化ビニル樹脂の評価結果を表1に示す。
ノルマルブチルアルデヒド添加量及びクロトン酸添加量を表1に記載の条件に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、懸濁重合用分散助剤Fを得た。得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Fは水溶性を示した。次いで、得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Fを使用した以外は実施例1と同様の条件で塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を実施したが、塩化ビニルがオートクレーブ中でブロック化し、塩化ビニル粒子は得られなかった。懸濁重合用分散助剤Fの評価結果を表1に示す。
酢酸ビニル100部と、メタノール150部(溶媒兼連鎖移動剤)と、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(1%メタノール溶液として)0.03部とを、重合缶に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、60℃で8時間重合を行った。重合終了時点における重合率を表1に示す。次いで常法により未重合の酢酸ビニルを除去し、ビニルエステル系重合体の溶媒を乾燥で除いて懸濁重合用分散助剤Gを得た。この比較例では添加剤を添加しておらず、ビニルエステル系重合体自体が懸濁重合用分散助剤Gを構成する。得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Gは水溶性を示さなかった。次いで、得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Gを使用した以外は実施例1と同様の条件で塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を実施した。懸濁重合用分散助剤G及びこれを用いて得られた塩化ビニル樹脂の評価結果を表1に示す。
酢酸ビニル100部と、メタノール22.5部(溶媒兼連鎖移動剤)と、連鎖移動剤の3-MPA(3-メルカプトプロピオン酸)0.23部とアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(1%メタノール溶液として)0.03部とを、重合缶に仕込んで窒素雰囲気に置換した。加熱し60℃となった時点から10%のメルカプトプロピオン酸メタノール溶液1.81部を6時間で全て入りきるよう一定に連続添加しながら6時間重合を行った。重合終了時点における重合率を表1に示す。次いで常法により未重合の酢酸ビニルを除去し、ビニルエステル系重合体の溶媒を乾燥で除いて変性ビニルエステル系重合体を得た。得られた変性ビニルエステル系重合体をメタノールに溶解し、メタノール中の重合体の濃度が35%のメタノール溶液を得た。これを水酸化ナトリウムにて35℃で90分間ケン化した。水酸化ナトリウムの使用量は得られた変性ビニルエステル系重合体の酢酸ビニル単位1モルに対して7ミリモル当量とした。ろ過、乾燥することで懸濁重合用分散助剤Hを得た。この比較例では添加剤を添加しておらず、ビニルエステル系重合体自体が懸濁重合用分散助剤Hを構成する。得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤HはJIS K6726:1994に準拠して測定されたケン化度が43モル%であった。得られた懸濁重合用分散助剤Hを使用した以外は実施例1と同様の条件で塩化ビニルの懸濁重合を実施した。懸濁重合用分散助剤H及びこれを用いて得られた塩化ビニル樹脂の評価結果を表1に示す。
Claims (7)
- 酸価(KOH mg/g)が5以上100未満であるビニルエステル系重合体を含有するビニル系化合物の懸濁重合用分散助剤。
- 前記ビニルエステル系重合体が酢酸ビニル系重合体であるビニル系化合物の懸濁重合用分散助剤。
- 前記ビニルエステル系重合体の粘度平均重合度が100~1000である請求項1または2に記載の懸濁重合用分散助剤。
- 前記ビニルエステル系重合体のケン化度が5モル%以下である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の懸濁重合用分散助剤。
- 前記ビニルエステル系重合体を60質量%以上含有する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の懸濁重合用分散助剤。
- 前記ビニルエステル系重合体の酸価(KOH mg/g)が10以上40未満である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の懸濁重合用分散助剤。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の懸濁重合用分散助剤を用いて、ビニル系化合物単量体、又はビニル系化合物単量体とそれに共重合し得る単量体との混合物を水中に分散させて懸濁重合を行うことを含むビニル系樹脂の製造方法。
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| JPS6042407A (ja) * | 1983-04-26 | 1985-03-06 | スタミカ−ボン・ベスロ−テム・ベンノツトシヤツプ | 塩化ビニル系ポリマ−の製法 |
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| JPS6042407A (ja) * | 1983-04-26 | 1985-03-06 | スタミカ−ボン・ベスロ−テム・ベンノツトシヤツプ | 塩化ビニル系ポリマ−の製法 |
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| TW202019976A (zh) | 2020-06-01 |
| GB2589008A (en) | 2021-05-19 |
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