WO2020025471A1 - Flächenförmiger verbund zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine polymerschicht mit einem polyester und isotropem e-modul - Google Patents
Flächenförmiger verbund zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine polymerschicht mit einem polyester und isotropem e-modul Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020025471A1 WO2020025471A1 PCT/EP2019/070164 EP2019070164W WO2020025471A1 WO 2020025471 A1 WO2020025471 A1 WO 2020025471A1 EP 2019070164 W EP2019070164 W EP 2019070164W WO 2020025471 A1 WO2020025471 A1 WO 2020025471A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- polymer
- sheet
- composite
- container
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 535
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 260
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 779
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 58
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 40
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 40
- -1 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001283 Polyalkylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- CWEFIMQKSZFZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-[4-[[4-[4-[[4-[[4-(pentoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]carbamoyloxy]butoxycarbonylamino]phenyl]methyl]phenyl]acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(CC(=O)OCCCCC)=CC=C1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1NC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)NC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)C=C1 CWEFIMQKSZFZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-M (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004790 ingeo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004713 Cyclic olefin copolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAIIFDPAEUKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nilvadipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C#N)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 FAIIFDPAEUKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000034530 PLAA-associated neurodevelopmental disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005648 ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005026 oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLDFSDCBQJUWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(methylamino)-1,2-diphenylethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(NC)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BLDFSDCBQJUWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006045 Akulon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003313 Bynel® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006055 Durethan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003299 Eltex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical group CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920006060 Grivory® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101000576320 Homo sapiens Max-binding protein MNT Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061245 Internal injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920005692 JONCRYL® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003298 Nucrel® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006121 Polyxylylene adipamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001620634 Roger Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001312297 Selar Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003365 Selar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006097 Ultramide® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004708 Very-low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGARVTAFZZBPMQ-BLPRJPCASA-N [C@@H]1([C@H](O)[C@H](OP(=O)(O)O)[C@@H](COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O1)N1C=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC12.C(=O)=O Chemical compound [C@@H]1([C@H](O)[C@H](OP(=O)(O)O)[C@@H](COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O1)N1C=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC12.C(=O)=O HGARVTAFZZBPMQ-BLPRJPCASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006020 amorphous polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009975 flexible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001526 metallocene linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/082—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/12—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/325—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising polycycloolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/327—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising polyolefins obtained by a metallocene or single-site catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
- B65B3/02—Machines characterised by the incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
- B65B3/025—Making parallelepipedal containers from a single carton blank
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
- B65B3/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
- B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
- B65B7/20—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by folding-down preformed flaps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/40—Applications of laminates for particular packaging purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/04—4 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/12—Coating on the layer surface on paper layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/51—Elastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/706—Anisotropic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/708—Isotropic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/716—Degradable
- B32B2307/7163—Biodegradable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7244—Oxygen barrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/75—Printability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/40—Closed containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/70—Food packaging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sheet-like composite, comprising as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite
- the sheet-like composite additionally contains a polymer layer P, the polymer layer P
- a. contains a polyester
- c. has a first modulus of elasticity in a first layer direction lying in the layer plane
- d. has a further modulus of elasticity in a further layer direction lying in the layer plane and perpendicular to the first layer direction;
- the invention relates to methods for producing a sheet-like composite, a container precursor and a container, and to the aforementioned process products; a container precursor and a container, each containing at least one sheet-like region of the sheet-like composite; and uses of the sheet-like composite, an extruder, a chain modifier, a mixture, a base polymer, and polyester.
- Food has been preserved for a long time, be it food for human consumption or animal products by storing them either in a can or in a glass jar with a lid.
- the shelf life can be increased by sterilizing the food and the container, here glass or can, separately as much as possible and then filling the food in the container and sealing it.
- these measures which have proven themselves over a long period of time, to increase the shelf life of foodstuffs have a number of disadvantages, for example a subsequent need for subsequent disinfection.
- cans and glasses Because of their essentially cylindrical shape, cans and glasses have the disadvantage that very dense and space-saving storage is not possible.
- cans and glasses have a considerable weight, which leads to increased energy consumption during transport.
- the production of glass, tinplate or aluminum even if the raw materials used for this come from recycling, requires a very high amount of energy. In the case of glasses, there is an added burden of transportation.
- the glasses are usually prefabricated in a glassworks and then have to be transported to the company filling the food using considerable transport volumes.
- jars and cans can only be opened with considerable effort or with the help of tools and thus rather cumbersome.
- glass fragments repeatedly get into the food when filling or opening the filled glasses, which in the worst case can lead to internal injuries when eating the food.
- both cans and jars for labeling and advertising the food content must be stuck with labels.
- the jars and cans cannot easily be directly printed with information and advertising images.
- a substrate for this, a paper or a suitable film, and also a fastening means, an adhesive or a sealing means are necessary.
- bio-polymers are characterized by the fact that they are not obtained from fossil raw materials, but are obtained from renewable raw materials or come from recycling.
- a method known from the prior art and recognized as particularly advantageous for producing the polymer layers of the laminates is the layer extrusion process.
- bio-polyolefins such as bio-polyethylene
- bio-polyethylene can be obtained from sugar cane.
- bio-polyolefin can be obtained from renewable raw materials, but it is neither biodegradable nor chemically recyclable.
- the known bio-polyethylene is therefore not convincing in terms of its environmental compatibility.
- bio-polymers that are easier to manufacture than the bio-polyolefins discussed above.
- bio-polymers include, for example, bio-PET, recycled PET (rPET), PLA and PHB. These bio-polymers are chemically recyclable and even biodegradable in the case of the PLA and PHB. This out From the point of view of environmental compatibility, highly desirable bio-polymers as such show unfavorable processing properties. For example, these bio-polymers can hardly be used to produce polymer layers that can be used for laminates by means of layer extrusion.
- Another object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome a disadvantage that arises from the prior art.
- Another object of the invention is to provide the most environmentally friendly laminate for producing dimensionally stable food containers, the polymer layers of which can be obtained by means of layer extrusion.
- the polymer layers of the laminate can be obtained from polymers that are as simple and inexpensive to manufacture as possible.
- Another object of the invention is to provide one of the above-mentioned advantageous laminates, the polymers of the polymer layers showing the best possible processing properties in the layer extrusion. Such processing properties are shown, for example, in the smallest possible neck-in, the least possible edge waving and / or the formation of a polymer melt film which is as uniform as possible.
- Another object of the invention is to provide one of the aforementioned advantageous laminates, the laminate showing as good a printability as possible with a color decor, in particular in a gravure printing process, on its outside.
- Another object of the invention is to provide one of the above-mentioned advantageous laminates, the laminate exhibiting the best possible adhesion between the layers of the laminate, in particular a decor on the outside and / or between a barrier layer and a carrier layer.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a dimensionally stable laminate food Provide medium container that shows the highest possible reliability of the container in a moist environment.
- a dimensionally stable laminate food container which enables the foodstuffs stored therein, in particular a fat-containing foodstuff, to be kept as long as possible. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a dimensionally stable laminate food container which shows the best possible opening properties, in particular when opening with an opening aid. Another object of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method for the aforementioned laminate and / or the container.
- the independent claims contribute to at least partially fulfilling at least one, preferably more, of the above tasks.
- the dependent claims provide preferred embodiments that help at least partially accomplish at least one of the tasks.
- An embodiment 1 of a sheet-like composite 1, comprising as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention
- the sheet-like composite additionally contains a polymer layer P, the polymer layer P
- a. contains a polyester
- c. has a first modulus of elasticity in a first layer direction lying in the layer plane
- d. has a further modulus of elasticity in a further layer direction lying in the layer plane and perpendicular to the first layer direction;
- a ratio of the first modulus of elasticity to the further modulus of elasticity in a range from 0.81 to 1.19, preferably from 0.82 to 1.18, more preferably from 0.83 to 1.17, before from 0.84 to 1.16, more preferably from 0.85 to 1.15, more preferably from 0.86 to 1.14, more preferably from 0.87 to 1.17, more preferably from 0.88 to 1.12, more preferably from 0.89 to 1.11, more preferably from 0.9 to 1.1, more preferably from 0.91 to 1.09, more preferably from 0.92 to 1.08, more preferably from 0.93 to 1.07, more preferably from 0.94 to 1.06, still more preferably from 0.95 to 1.05, most preferably from 0.96 to 1.04.
- the first and the further modulus of elasticity are each determined according to the method specified here.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed in accordance with embodiment 1, the polymer layer P being obtained by means of melt coating a sheet-like composite precursor.
- the sheet-like composite precursor preferably contains the carrier layer.
- a polymer layer P obtained by melt coating the sheet-like composite precursor is to be distinguished in particular from a polymer layer which was provided as a prefabricated film and applied to or introduced into a composite precursor.
- melt coating means that the polymer layer P is at least partially, preferably completely, melted onto the sheet-like composite precursor and solidifies on the composite precursor.
- a preferred melt coating is melt extrusion coating.
- a polymer layer P obtained by means of melt coating often shows less straight, that is to say rougher layer boundaries with the adjacent layers compared to a polymer film. This is precisely because the polymer layer P was applied as a melt, that is to say liquid, as a result of which the melt adapts to the roughness of the adjacent layers.
- a polymer layer made of a prefabricated film shows comparatively sharp and smooth borders with the neighboring layers. Furthermore, since there is no melting of a film when it is applied or introduced into a composite, the film does not adapt to the surfaces of the adjacent layers, so that there are often voids between the film and the adjacent layers.
- the cavities described are often not completely filled with lamination agents, so that there are gas inclusions between the film and the adjacent layers comes.
- gas inclusions can be recognized by the cross section under the SEM and represent an indication of a layer applied as a film.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the first modulus of elasticity being in a range from 100 to 3000 MPa, preferably from 120 to 2500 MPa, more preferably from 140 to 2200 MPa.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the further modulus of elasticity being in a range from 100 to 3000 MPa, preferably from 140 to 2600 MPa, more preferably from 150 to 2250 MPa.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P comprising the polyester in a proportion in a range from 5 to 100% by weight, preferably from 10 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 20 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 40 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 50 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 55 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 60 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 65 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 70 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 75 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 80 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 85 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 90 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 92 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 94 to 100% by weight, even more preferably from 96 to 100% by weight , most preferably from 98 to 100% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the polymer layer P.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to its previous embodiments, the polyester being a homopolymer.
- a homopolymer is a polymer that is made up of exactly one monomer. The homopolymer thus has exactly one repeat unit. Homopolymers are in contrast to copolymers, which are made up of several different monomers.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, wherein a carbon fraction of the polymer layer P is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, most preferably at least 90%, is bio-based.
- the bio-based portion of the carbon portion of the polymer layer P is determined according to the method specified herein.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the polyester being obtainable from a renewable raw material.
- Obtaining the polyester from the renewable raw material preferably includes a chemical reaction, preferably a chain extension reaction, of a base polymer with a chain modifier, the base polymer being obtainable from the renewable raw material.
- obtaining the polyester from the renewable raw material includes a process which involves monomer formation or a polymerization reaction or both, preferably at least the monomer formation taking place in a fermentation. The above-mentioned process preferably enables the base polymer to be obtained from the renewable raw material.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the polyester being a thermoplastic polymer.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P having a melting temperature of more than 145 ° C., preferably more than 146 ° C., more preferably more than 147 ° C., more preferably more than 148 ° C, more than 149 ° C, more than 150 ° C, more than 155 ° C, more than 158 ° C, more than 160 ° C, more than 161 ° C C, preferably more than 162 ° C, preferably more than 163 ° C, more preferably more than 164 ° C, more preferably more than 165 ° C, more preferably more than 166 ° C, more preferably more than 167 ° C, preferably more than 168 ° C., more preferably more than 169 ° C., more preferably more than
- the melting temperature is determined using the measurement method specified here.
- the above melting temperature of the polymer layer P is preferably not more than 500 ° C, more preferably not more than 450 ° C, more preferably not more than 400 ° C, more preferably not more than 350 ° C, most preferably not more than 300 ° C.
- the polyester preferably has the above-mentioned melting temperature of the polymer layer P.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to its previous embodiments, the polyester being selected from the group consisting of a polylactide (PLA), a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and a polyalkylene terephthalate, or a combination of at least two of them.
- a preferred polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
- a preferred polyhydroxybutyrate is poly (R) -3-hydroxybutyrate (P (3HB)).
- a preferred polyalkylene terephthalate is polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with PET being particularly preferred.
- PET is a recycled PET or a bio-PET or both.
- bio-PET is a PET whose carbon content is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, bio-based.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P having an intrinsic viscosity in a range from 0.5 to 1.0 dl / g, preferably from 0.6 to 1.0 dl / g g, more preferably from 0.7 to 1.0 dl / g.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer layer P is determined by the method described herein.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P being in a range from 2 to 15 g / 10 min, preferably from 3 to 15 g / by a melt flow rate (MFR). 10 min, more preferably from 4 to 15 g / 10 min, most preferably from 5 to 15 g / 10 min.
- MFR melt flow rate
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed in accordance with one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P being adjacent to the carrier layer or to the barrier layer or to both.
- the polymer layer P preferably adjoins the carrier layer.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to one of its previous embodiments, the sheet-like composite comprising a polymer outer layer, the polymer outer layer overlaying the carrier layer on a side of the carrier layer facing away from the barrier layer.
- the sheet-like composite includes the polymer layer P as the outer polymer layer.
- the sheet-like composite contains the polymer outer layer in addition to the polymer layer P.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to one of its previous embodiments, the sheet-like composite comprising a polymer inner layer, the polymer inner layer overlaying the barrier layer on a side of the barrier layer facing away from the carrier layer.
- the sheet-like composite contains the polymer layer P as the polymer inner layer.
- the sheet-like composite contains the polymer inner layer in addition to the polymer layer P.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the support layer being overlaid with a paint application on a side of the support layer facing away from the barrier layer is.
- the paint application is preferably arranged on a side of the polymer outer layer facing the carrier layer or on a side of the polymer outer layer facing away from the carrier layer.
- the application of paint preferably forms a decor of the sheet-like composite or of a container to be produced from the sheet-like composite.
- the color application preferably comprises at least one colorant, more preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 5, most preferably at least 6, colorants.
- the aforementioned colorants preferably relate to colors different from one another.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the sheet-like composite between the carrier layer and the barrier layer including an intermediate polymer layer.
- the sheet-like composite includes the polymer layer P as the intermediate polymer layer.
- the sheet-like composite contains the polymer intermediate layer in addition to the polymer layer P.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the sheet-like composite being a blank for producing a single, preferably closed, container.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, with the carrier layer at least has a hole.
- a preferred hole has a diameter of at least 4 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, most preferably at least 9 mm.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to its embodiment 20, the hole being covered at least with the barrier layer as a hole cover layer.
- the hole is preferably further covered with one selected from the group consisting of the polymer layer P, the polymer inner layer, the polymer outer layer, and the polymer intermediate layer or a combination of at least two of them, particularly preferably with the polymer layer P.
- Layers that cover the hole are referred to herein as hole cover layers. If at least 2 perforated cover layers are present, the perforated cover layers in the hole preferably form a layer sequence of layers interconnected in the hole.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, one selected from the group consisting of the polymer inner layer, the polymer intermediate layer and the polymer outer layer, or a combination of at least two of which are a polyethylene or a polypropylene or a mixture of includes both, preferably consists of them.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed in accordance with one of its previous embodiments, the carrier layer preferably comprising one selected from the group consisting of cardboard, cardboard and paper, or a combination of at least two of these.
- the carrier layer preferably has a basis weight in a range from 140 to 400 g / m 2 , preferably from 150 to 350 g / m 2 , more preferably from 160 to 330 g / m 2 , even more preferably from 160 to 300 g / m 2 , more preferably from 160 to 250 g / m 2 , most preferably from 160 to 240 g / m 2 .
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the barrier layer being made of an selected from the group consisting of a plastic, a metal, and a metal oxide, or a combination of at least two of them, preferably consists thereof.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P having a first shear viscosity at a first shear frequency of 0.1 rad / s and a further shear viscosity at a further shear frequency of 100 rad / s, wherein a ratio of the first shear viscosity to the further shear viscosity is at least 3, preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 6.5, more preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 8, more preferably at least 9, more preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 11, most preferably at least 12.
- the aforementioned ratio is preferably not more than 30, preferably not more than 20.
- the first and the further shear viscosity are each determined according to the method specified here.
- the first shear viscosity and the further shear viscosity stand for values of the physical quantity shear viscosity, which is a function of the physical quantity shear frequency.
- the first shear frequency and the further shear frequency stand for values of the physical quantity shear frequency, which is a parameter of the physical quantity shear viscosity.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to its embodiment 25, the further shear viscosity being 100 to 10,000 Pa s, more preferably 100 to 9000 Pa s, more preferably 100 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably 500 to 8000 Pa s , more preferably by 1000 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably by 1200 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably by 1500 to 7800 Pa s, most preferably by 1500 to 7600 Pa s, less than the first shear viscosity.
- the further shear viscosity is less than the first shear viscosity by 1000 to 2000 Pa s, preferably by 1200 to 1800 Pa s, more preferably by 1400 to 1600 Pa s.
- the further shear viscosity is less than the first shear viscosity by 6500 to 8300 Pa s, preferably by 6800 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably by 7000 to 7600 Pa s.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to its embodiments 25 or 26, a dependence of a shear viscosity of the polymer layer P on a shear frequency in the range from the first shear frequency to the further shear frequency by a monotonically falling function, more preferably by a strict one monotonically falling function is described. The shear viscosity is determined using the method described here.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed in accordance with one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P showing a non-linear dependence of its shear viscosity on a shear frequency.
- the shear viscosity is determined using the method described herein.
- the dependence of the shear viscosity on the shear frequency is non-linear here if an increase in the shear viscosity above the shear frequency is not constant.
- an absolute amount of the increase in the shear viscosity above the shear frequency preferably decreases with increasing shear frequency.
- the slope of the shear viscosity above the shear frequency is preferably negative, which means that this slope preferably increases with increasing shear frequency.
- the shear viscosity preferably shows the non-linear dependence on the shear frequency at least in a range from the first shear frequency to the further shear frequency.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is configured according to one of its embodiments 25 to 28, wherein a shear viscosity of the polymer layer P is a function of a shear frequency, the function being a first slope at the first shear frequency and a further slope at the further shear frequency has, the further slope is different from the first slope.
- An absolute amount of the further slope is preferably less than an absolute amount of the first slope.
- the first and the further slope are preferably negative. Accordingly, the further slope is preferably greater than the first slope.
- the shear viscosity is determined using the method given herein.
- An absolute amount of the further gradient is preferred by at least 200 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 300 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 400 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 500 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 1000 Pa s 2 / rad, preferably by at least 2000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 3000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 4000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 5000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 6000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 7000 Pa s 2 / rad, most preferably by at least 7500 Pa s 2 / rad, different from an absolute amount of the first slope, more preferably less than the absolute amount of the first slope.
- the sheet-like composite 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the polymer layer P having a density of more than 1.1 g / cm 3 , preferably more than 1.15 g / cm 3 , more preferably at least 1 , 2 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the polymer layer P is particularly preferably in a range from 1.2 to 2 g / cm 3 , more preferably from 1.2 to 1.5 g / cm 3 , most preferably from 1.2 to 1.4 g / cm 3 ,
- An embodiment 1 of a method 1, including as method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention
- a sheet-like composite precursor comprising a carrier layer
- a polymer composition P comprising a polyester
- b. has a first modulus of elasticity in a first layer direction lying in the layer plane
- c. has a further modulus of elasticity in a further layer direction lying in the layer plane and perpendicular to the first layer direction, a ratio of the first modulus of elasticity to the further modulus of elasticity in a range from 0.81 to 1.19, preferably from 0.82 to 1.18, more preferably from 0.83 to 1.17, more preferably from 0.84 to 1, 16, more preferably from 0.85 to 1.15, more preferably from 0.86 to 1.14, more preferably from 0.87 to 1.17, more preferably from 0.88 to 1.12, more preferably from 0.89 to 1, 11, preferably from 0.9 to 1.1, more preferably from 0.91 to 1.09, more preferably from 0.92 to 1.08, more preferably from 0.93 to 1.07, more preferably from 0.94 to 1.06, more preferably from 0.95 to 1.05, most preferably from 0.96 to 1.04.
- the polymer layer P is preferably obtained from the polymer composition P, preferably by cooling and solidifying the polymer composition P.
- the carrier layer is preferably formed according to one embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention. The first and the further modulus of elasticity are determined according to the method specified here.
- the carrier layer is preferably formed in accordance with an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1, the polymer composition P being liquid when it is superimposed in method step b).
- the polymer composition P preferably has a temperature above its melting temperature when superimposed in process step b).
- the polymer composition P is preferably melted during the superimposition in process step b).
- the superimposition in process step b) is particularly preferably carried out as melt coating.
- a preferred melt coating is melt extrusion coating.
- An embodiment 1 of a method 2, including as method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention
- a sheet-like composite precursor comprising a carrier layer, and ii) a polymer composition P, comprising a polyester; and b) superimposing the carrier layer with the polymer composition P to obtain a polymer layer P overlying the carrier layer; wherein the polymer composition P is liquid when superimposed in process step b).
- the polymer composition P preferably has a temperature above its melting temperature when superimposed in process step b).
- the polymer composition P is preferably melted during the superimposition in process step b).
- the superimposition in process step b) is particularly preferably carried out as melt coating.
- a preferred melt coating is melt extrusion coating.
- the polymer layer P is preferably obtained from the polymer composition P, preferably by cooling and solidifying the polymer composition P.
- the carrier layer is preferably formed according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the method 2 is configured according to its embodiment 1, wherein the polymer layer P extends in a flat manner in a layer plane, the polymer layer P
- b] has a further modulus of elasticity in a further layer direction lying in the layer plane and perpendicular to the first layer direction, a ratio of the first modulus of elasticity to the further modulus of elasticity in a range from 0.81 to 1.19, preferably from 0.82 to 1.18, more preferably from 0.83 to 1.17, more preferably from 0.84 to 1.16, more preferably from 0.85 to 1.15, more preferably from 0.86 to 1.14, more preferably from 0.87 to 1.17, more preferably from 0.88 to 1.12, more preferably from 0.89 to 1.11, more preferably from 0.9 to 1.1, more preferably from 0.91 to 1.09, more preferably from 0.92 to 1.08, more preferably from 0.93 to 1.07, more preferably from 0.94 to 1.06, still more preferably from 0.95 to 1.05, most preferably from 0.96 to 1.04.
- the first and the further modulus of elasticity are each determined according to the method specified here.
- method 1 or 2 is each designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the superimposition in method step b) in each case comprising melt extrusion coating with the polymer composition P.
- this is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 3 and in an embodiment 4 of the method 2 according to the invention, it is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 or 3, the first modulus of elasticity in each case in a range from 100 to 3000 MPa, preferably from 120 to 2500 MPa, more preferably from 140 to 2200 MPa.
- method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 4 and method 2 according to one of its embodiments 2 to 4, the further modulus of elasticity in each case in a range from 100 to 3000 MPa, preferably from 140 to 2600 MPa , more preferably from 150 to 2250 MPa.
- the method 1 or 2 is in each case designed according to one of its embodiments preceding embodiments, the provision of the polymer composition P in the method step a)
- Reacting the base polymer with the chain modifier preferably involves a chain extension reaction.
- the method 1 or 2 is each designed according to its embodiment 6, in step B) the base polymer and the chain modifier in a weight ratio of chain modifier to the base polymer in a range from 0.0001 to 0.1, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.07, more preferably from 0.0005 to 0.05, even more preferably from 0.0007 to 0.03, most preferably from 0.001 to 0.01.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to their embodiment 6 or 7, the base polymer being obtainable from a renewable raw material.
- the base polymer is preferably obtainable from the renewable raw material by means of a process which includes a monomer formation or a polymerization reaction or both, preferably at least the monomer formation taking place in a fermentation.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 6 to 8, the reaction of the base polymer with the chain modifier taking place at least partially in an extruder.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their previous embodiments, the planar composite precursor being provided rolled up into a roll in method step a).
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 10, wherein a carbon fraction of the polymer composition P is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, most preferably at least 90%, is bio-based.
- the bio-based carbon content of the polymer layer P is determined according to the method specified here.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 11, the polymer composition P comprising the polyester in a proportion in a range from 5 to 100% by weight, preferably from 10 to 100% by weight %, more preferably from 20 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 40 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 50 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 55 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 60 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 65 to 100 % By weight, more preferably from 70 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 75 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 80 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 85 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 90 to 100 % By weight, more preferably from 92 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 94 to 100% by weight, even more preferably from 96 to 100% by weight, most preferably from 98 to 100% by weight, in each case based on to the weight of the polymer composition P, includes.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 12, the polyester being a homopolymer.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 13, the polyester being a thermoplastic polymer.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 14, the polymer composition P having a melting temperature of more than 145 ° C., preferably more than 146 ° C., more preferably more than 147 ° C, preferably more than 148 ° C, more preferably more than 149 ° C, more preferably more than 150 ° C, more preferably more than 155 ° C, more preferably more than 158 ° C, more preferably more than 160 ° C, more preferably more than 161 ° C, more than 162 ° C, more than 163 ° C, more than 164 ° C, more than 165 ° C, more than 166 ° C, more of more than 167 ° C, more preferably more than 168 ° C, more preferably more than 169 ° C, more preferably
- the melting temperature is determined according to the measurement method specified here.
- the above melting temperature of the polymer composition P is preferably not more than 500 ° C., more preferably not more than 450 ° C., more preferably not more than 400 ° C., more preferably not more than 350 ° C., on the not more than 300 ° C.
- the polyester preferably has the above-mentioned melting temperature of the polymer composition P.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 15, the polyester being selected from the group consisting of a polylactide (PLA), a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and a polyalkylene terephthalate, or from one Combination of at least two of them.
- a preferred polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
- a preferred polyhydroxybutyrate is poly (R) -3-hydroxybutyrate (P (3HB)).
- a preferred polyalkylene terephthalate is polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with PET being particularly preferred.
- PET is a recycled PET or a bio-PET or both.
- bio-PET is a PET whose carbon content is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, bio-based.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 16, the polymer composition P having an intrinsic viscosity in a range from 0.5 to 1.0 dl / g, preferably from 0.6 to 1.0 dl / g, more preferably 0.7 to 1.0 dl / g.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer composition P is determined by the method described herein.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 17, the polymer composition P being preferred by a melt flow rate (MFR) in a range from 2 to 15 g / 10 min from 3 to 15 g / 10 min, more preferably from 4 to 15 g / 10 min, most preferably from 5 to 15 g / 10 min.
- MFR melt flow rate
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 18, step b) the polymer composition P is applied directly to the carrier layer. As a result, the polymer layer P adjoins the carrier layer.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 3 to 20, wherein in method step b) the polymer composition P has a neck-in in a range from 10 to 25, preferably from 12 to 23, more preferably from 14 to 21, more preferably from 16 to 19, most preferably from 17 to 18.
- the neck-in is determined according to the method specified here.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 20, the method further comprising overlaying the carrier layer with a barrier layer.
- the barrier layer is preferably formed in accordance with an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the barrier layer is preferably overlaid in such a way that the polymer layer P adjoins the barrier layer.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to their embodiment 21, the overlaying of the carrier layer with the barrier layer taking place before the overlaying of the carrier layer with the polymer composition P of process step b).
- the polymer layer P obtained from the polymer composition P is preferably an inner polymer layer.
- the polymer inner layer is preferably formed or arranged in accordance with one embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention, or both.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to their embodiment 21, the overlaying of the carrier layer with the barrier layer taking place in a method step c).
- the overlaying with the barrier layer of process step c) preferably does not take place before the overlaying with the polymer composition P of process step b).
- the overlaying is also preferably carried out with the Barrier layer of process step c) after being overlaid with the polymer composition P of process step b), simultaneously with process step b) or overlapping in time with process step b).
- the layering with the polymer composition P preferably begins before the layering with the barrier layer.
- the polymer layer P obtained from the polymer composition P is preferably an intermediate polymer layer or an outer polymer layer.
- the polymer outer layer and the polymer intermediate layer are preferably each formed or arranged in accordance with one embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention, or both.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 21 to 23, the overlaying of the backing layer with the polymer composition P of process step b) taking place on the same side of the backing layer as the overlaying of the backing layer with the barrier layer ,
- the polymer layer P obtained from the polymer composition P is preferably an intermediate polymer layer or an inner polymer layer.
- the polymer intermediate layer and the polymer inner layer are each preferably formed or arranged in accordance with one embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention, or both.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 21 to 23, the overlaying of the carrier layer with the polymer composition P of process step b) taking place on a first side of the backing layer, with the overlaying of the backing layer with the barrier layer takes place on a side of the carrier layer opposite the first side.
- the polymer layer P obtained from the polymer composition P is preferably an outer polymer layer.
- the polymer outer layer is preferably formed or arranged according to one embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention, or both.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 25, wherein at least one hole is produced in the carrier layer before the method step b), the hole at least with the polymer layer in the method step b) P is covered.
- the hole is additionally or alternatively covered with the barrier layer when the carrier layer is overlaid with the barrier layer.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 21 to 26, the method further comprising overlaying the barrier layer on a side of the barrier layer facing away from the carrier layer with an inner polymer layer.
- the inner polymer layer is preferably formed in accordance with one embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 21 to 27, an intermediate polymer layer being arranged between the carrier layer and the barrier layer when the carrier layer is overlaid with the barrier layer.
- the intermediate polymer layer is preferably formed in accordance with an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 28, the method additionally comprising overlaying the support layer with an application of paint.
- the support layer is overlaid with the color application after the support layer has been overlaid with the polymer outer layer, on the same side of the support layer.
- the support layer is overlaid with the color application before the support layer is overlaid with the outer polymer layer on the same side of the support layer.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to their embodiment 29, the overlaying of the carrier layer with the paint application taking place before method step b).
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to their embodiment 29, the overlaying of the carrier layer with the paint application taking place after method step b).
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 29 to 31, the overlaying of the carrier layer with the paint application and the overlaying of the carrier layer with the polymer composition P of process step b) being carried out on the same side of the carrier layer ,
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 32, a sheet-like composite being obtained from the sheet-like composite precursor, the method additionally cutting the sheet-like composite into a blank for producing of a single, preferably closed, container.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 33, the method being a method for producing a flat composite, preferably the flat composite 1 according to the invention according to one of its embodiments.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 34, the polymer composition P having a first shear viscosity at a first shear frequency of 0.1 rad / s and at a further shear frequency of 100 rad / s has a further shear viscosity, a ratio of the first shear viscosity to the further shear viscosity being at least 3, preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 6.5, more preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 8, more preferably at least 9, more preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 11, most preferably at least 12.
- the aforementioned ratio is preferably not more than 30, preferably not more than 20.
- the first and the further shear viscosity are each determined according to the method specified here.
- the first shear viscosity and the further shear viscosity stand for values of the physical quantity shear viscosity, which is a function of the physical quantity shear frequency.
- the first shear frequency and the further shear frequency stand for values of the physical quantity shear frequency, which is a parameter of the physical quantity shear viscosity.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to their embodiment 35, the further shear viscosity being 100 to 10,000 Pa s, more preferably 100 to 9000 Pa s, more preferably 100 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably 500 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably around 1000 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably around 1200 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably around 1500 to 7800 Pa s, most preferably around 1500 to 7600
- the further shear viscosity is less than the first shear viscosity by 1000 to 2000 Pa s, preferably by 1200 to 1800 Pa s, more preferably by 1400 to 1600 Pa s. In a further preferred embodiment, the further shear viscosity is less than the first shear viscosity by 6500 to 8300 Pa s, preferably by 6800 to 8000 Pa s, more preferably by 7000 to 7600 Pa s.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to their embodiment 35 or 36, a dependence of a shear viscosity of the polymer composition P on a shear frequency in the range from the first shear frequency to the further shear frequency by a monotonically falling function, more preferably by a strictly monotonically falling function.
- the shear viscosity is determined using the method described here.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their previous embodiments, the polymer Composition P shows a non-linear dependence of its shear viscosity on a shear frequency.
- the shear viscosity is determined using the method described herein.
- the dependence of the shear viscosity on the shear frequency is non-linear here if an increase in the shear viscosity above the shear frequency is not constant.
- an absolute amount of the increase in the shear viscosity above the shear frequency preferably decreases with increasing shear frequency.
- the slope of the shear viscosity above the shear frequency is preferably negative, with the result that this slope preferably increases with increasing shear frequency.
- the shear viscosity preferably shows the non-linear dependence on the shear frequency at least in a range from the first shear frequency to the further shear frequency.
- method 1 and method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 35 to 38, wherein a shear viscosity of the polymer composition P is a function of a shear frequency, the function at the first shear frequency and a first slope and at the further Shear frequency has a further slope, the further slope being different from the first slope.
- An absolute amount of the further slope is preferably less than an absolute amount of the first slope.
- the first and the further slope are preferably negative. Accordingly, the further slope is preferably greater than the first slope.
- the shear viscosity is determined using the method given herein.
- An absolute amount of the further gradient is preferred by at least 200 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 300 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 400 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 500 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 1000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably at least 2000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably at least 3000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably at least 4000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably at least 5000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably at least 6000 Pa s 2 / rad, more preferably by at least 7000 Pa s 2 / rad, most preferably by at least 7500 Pa s 2 / rad, different from an absolute amount of the first slope, more preferably less than the absolute amount of the first slope.
- the first shear frequency and the further shear frequency stand for values of the physical quantity shear frequency, which is a parameter of the function which describes the dependence of the shear viscosity on the shear frequency.
- the method 1 and the method 2 are each designed according to one of their embodiments 1 to 39, the polymer composition P having a density of more than 1.1 g / cm 3 , preferably of more than 1.15 g / cm 3 , more preferably at least 1.2 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the polymer composition P is particularly preferably in a range from 1.2 to 2 g / cm 3 , more preferably from 1.2 to 1.5 g / cm 3 , most preferably from 1.2 to 1.4 g / cm 3 cm 3 . Furthermore, the polymer layer P obtained from the polymer composition P preferably has the above density.
- the sheet-like composite 2 preferably has one or more features of the sheet-like composite 1 according to one of its embodiments.
- the container precursor preferably contains a blank of the sheet-like composite for producing an individual container.
- the container precursor 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1, the flat area having at least two folds, preferably at least 3 folds, more preferably at least 4 folds.
- the container precursor 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the flat region including a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge, the first longitudinal edge being connected to the further longitudinal edge to form a longitudinal seam of the container precursor.
- the container according to the invention is preferably a closed container.
- the container preferably contains a blank of the sheet-like composite for producing an individual container.
- the container 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1, the flat region having at least two folds, preferably at least 3 folds, more preferably at least 4 folds.
- the container 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the sheet-like region including a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge, the first longitudinal edge being connected to the further longitudinal edge to form a longitudinal seam of the container.
- the container 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 3, the container containing a food product.
- An embodiment 1 of a method 3, including as method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention
- the at least one sheet-like area including a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge;
- Method 3 is preferably a method for producing a container precursor.
- a preferred container precursor is a food container precursor.
- the joining in process step c. is preferably done as a seal.
- An embodiment 1 of a method 4, including as method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention
- Method 4 is preferably a method for producing the closed container.
- a preferred closed container is a food container.
- Sealing in process step C) preferably includes sealing, more preferably hot air sealing.
- Closing in method step E) preferably includes sealing, more preferably ultrasonic sealing.
- the method 4 is configured according to its embodiment 1, with at least a part of the sheet-like region being more preferred during the folding in method step B.
- the method 4 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the sealing in method step C. or E.
- sealing by one selected from the group consisting of irradiation , contact with a hot solid, excitation of mechanical vibration, and contact with a hot gas, or by a combination of at least two of them.
- a different seal from the aforementioned group can be used in method step C. than in method step E. and vice versa. However, the same seal can also be used.
- the method 4 is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 3, the method further comprising a method step
- An embodiment 1 of a use 1 of the sheet-like composite 1 or 2, in each case according to one of its embodiments, for producing a food container makes a contribution to the fulfillment of at least one of the tasks according to the invention.
- a preferred food container is a closed container filled with a food.
- An embodiment 1 of a use 2 of an extruder for reacting a base polymer with a chain modifier to obtain a polymer P and for producing a flat composite for a food container by means of melt extrusion coatings with the polymer P makes a contribution to at least one of the tasks according to the invention.
- the base polymer and the chain mo preferably in a weight ratio of chain modifier to base polymer in a range from 0.0001 to 0.1, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.07, more preferably from 0.0005 to 0.05, still more preferably from 0.0007 to 0 , 03, most preferably from 0.001 to 0.01, contacted with each other.
- Reacting the base polymer with the chain modifier preferably involves a chain extension reaction.
- the polymer P is preferably a polyester.
- the sheet-like composite preferably contains as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite
- the sheet-like composite additionally contains a polymer layer P, the polymer layer P containing the polymer P.
- the sheet-like composite is preferably designed according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer P is preferably the polyester according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the base polymer is the base polymer according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer layer P has one or more features of the polymer layer P according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- a carbon fraction of the base polymer is preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80% most preferably at least 90% bio-based.
- An embodiment 1 of a use 3 of a chain modifier for producing a flat composite for a food container contributes to the fulfillment of at least one of the tasks according to the invention.
- the sheet-like composite preferably contains as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite
- the sheet-like composite additionally contains a polymer layer P, the polymer layer P containing a polymer P, the polymer P being obtainable by reacting a base polymer with the chain modifier.
- the polymer P is preferably a polyester.
- the base polymer and chain modifier are preferably used in a weight ratio of chain modifier to base polymer in a range from 0.0001 to 0.1, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.07, more preferably from 0.0005 to 0.05 more preferably from 0.0007 to 0.03, most preferably from 0.001 to 0.01.
- Reacting the base polymer with the chain modifier preferably involves a chain extension reaction.
- the sheet-like composite is preferably designed according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer P is preferably the polyester according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the base polymer is the base polymer according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer layer P has one or more features of the polymer layer P according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- a carbon fraction of the base polymer is preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80% most preferably at least 90% bio-based.
- An embodiment 1 of a use 4 of a mixture, comprising a base polymer and a chain modifier, for producing a flat composite for a food container makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention.
- the blend includes the base polymer and chain modifier preferably in a chain modifier to base polymer weight ratio in a range from 0.0001 to 0.1, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.07, more preferably from 0.0005 to 0.05 more preferably from 0.0007 to 0.03, most preferably from 0.001 to 0.01.
- the sheet-like composite preferably contains as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite a) a carrier layer, and
- the sheet-like composite additionally contains a polymer layer P, the polymer layer P contains a polymer P, the polymer P being obtainable by reacting the base polymer with the chain modifier.
- the polymer P is preferably a polyester. Reacting the base polymer with the chain modifier preferably involves a chain extension reaction.
- the sheet-like composite is preferably designed according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer P is preferably the polyester according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the base polymer is the base polymer according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer layer P has one or more features of the polymer layer P according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- a carbon fraction of the base polymer is preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80% , most preferably at least 90%, bio-based.
- An embodiment 1 of a use 5 of a base polymer for producing a sheet-like composite for a food container by means of a reaction of the base polymer with a chain modifier contributes to the fulfillment of at least one of the tasks according to the invention.
- the base polymer and the chain modifier are preferably used in a weight ratio of chain modifier to base polymer in a range from 0.0001 to 0.1, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.07, more preferably from 0.0005 to 0.05 , more preferably from 0.0007 to 0.03, most preferably from 0.001 to 0.01.
- Reacting the base polymer with the chain modifier preferably involves a chain extension reaction.
- the sheet-like composite preferably contains as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite
- the sheet-like composite additionally contains a polymer layer P, the polymer layer P containing a polymer P, the polymer P being obtainable by reacting the base polymer with the chain modifier.
- the polymer P is preferably a polyester.
- the sheet-like composite is preferably designed according to one embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer P is preferably the polyester according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the base polymer is the base polymer according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polymer layer P preferably has one or more features of the polymer layer P according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- a carbon fraction of the base polymer is preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80% most preferably at least 90% bio-based.
- An embodiment 1 of a use 6 of a polyester for producing a flat composite for a food container by means of melt extrusion coating with the polyester makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention.
- the sheet-like composite preferably contains as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite
- the sheet-like composite additionally contains a polymer layer P, the polymer layer P containing the polyester.
- the sheet-like composite is preferably designed according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- the polyester preferably has one or more features of the polyester of the sheet according to the invention. Chen-shaped composite 1.
- a carbon fraction of the polyester is preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80% most preferably at least 90%, bio-based.
- the polyester is further preferably selected from the group consisting of a polylactide (PLA), a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and a polyalkylene terephthalate, or from a combination of at least two of them.
- a preferred polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
- a preferred polyhydroxybutyrate is poly (R) -3-hydroxybutyrate (P (3HB)).
- a preferred polyalkylene terephthalate is polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with PET being particularly preferred.
- PET is a recycled PET or a bio-PET or both.
- bio-PET is a PET whose carbon content is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, bio-based.
- An embodiment 1 of a use 7 of a polyester for producing a sheet-like composite for a food container makes a contribution to the fulfillment of at least one of the tasks according to the invention, the sheet-like composite including a polymer layer P, including the polyester, the polymer layer P
- b. has a first modulus of elasticity in a first layer direction lying in the layer plane
- a ratio of the first modulus of elasticity to the further modulus of elasticity in a range from 0.81 to 1.19, preferably from 0.82 to 1.18 , more preferably from 0.83 to 1.17, more preferably from 0.84 to 1.16, more preferably from 0.85 to 1.15, more preferably from 0.86 to 1.14, more preferably from 0.87 to 1.17 , more preferably from 0.88 to 1.12, more preferably from 0.89 to 1.11, more preferably from 0.9 to 1.1, more preferably from 0.91 to 1.09, more preferably from 0.92 to 1.08 , more preferably from 0.93 to 1.07, more preferably from 0.94 to 1.06, more preferably from 0.95 to 1.05, most preferably from 0.96 to 1.04.
- the first modulus of elasticity and the further elastic each module are determined using the method specified here.
- the statements made regarding the flat composite 1 regarding the first modulus of elasticity and the further modulus of elasticity preferably apply here analogously.
- the sheet-like composite preferably contains as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite to an inside of the sheet-like composite
- the polyester preferably has one or more features of the polyester of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention.
- a carbon fraction of the polyester is preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80% most preferably at least 90% bio-based.
- the polyester is further preferably selected from the group consisting of a polylactide (PLA), a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and a polyalkylene terephthalate, or from a combination of at least two of them.
- a preferred polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
- a preferred polyhydroxybutyrate is poly (R) -3-hydroxybutyrate (P (3HB)).
- a preferred polyalkylene terephthalate is polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with PET being particularly preferred.
- PET is a recycled PET or a bio-PET or both.
- bio-PET is a PET whose carbon content is at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, bio-based.
- the sheet-like composite is preferably designed according to an embodiment of the sheet-like composite 1 according to the invention. Features which are described as preferred in a category according to the invention, for example according to the flat composite 1, are also preferred in an embodiment of the further categories according to the invention, for example an embodiment of the method 1 or 2 according to the invention. Polvester
- polyester any polyester known to the person skilled in the art and suitable for the use according to the invention, in particular for melt extrusion coating, can be considered as polyester.
- a polyester is a polymer with an ester function in its main chain.
- the ester function is defined by the general form - [- CO-O -] -, that is to say by a carbon atom which is bonded to one oxygen atom by means of a double bond and to another oxygen atom by means of a single bond.
- the repeating units with ester function include in particular
- n is a natural number that is at least 2.
- chain modifier means a polymer chain modifier. Any chemical compound that is known to the person skilled in the art and appears suitable for the use according to the invention can be considered as chain modifier.
- a chain modifier is a chemical compound or a mixture of several chemical compounds from which the polymer P described herein or the polyester of the polymer layer P or the polymer composition P can be obtained by means of a chemical reaction with a base polymer.
- the polymer P or the polyester has, in particular, a reduced anisotropy of its elastic modulus compared to the base polymer.
- the base polymer preferably has an elastic modulus A in a first direction and an elastic modulus B in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- the polymer P or the polyester obtained from the base polymer by means of the chain modifier preferably has an elastic modulus C in the first direction and in the an elasticity module D to the first direction.
- the ratio of the elasticity module A to the elasticity module B differs more from the value 1 than the ratio of the elasticity module C to the elasticity module D.
- the elasticity module of the polymer P or the polyester is less anisotropic, that is isotropic, than the elastic modulus of the base polymer.
- the first direction and the further direction are preferably each selected such that the elasticity module A differs at most from the elasticity module B, and the elasticity module C at most differs from the elasticity module D.
- the aforesaid chemical reaction with the chain modifier preferably leads to a broadening of the molecular weight distribution of the polymer P or of the polyester compared to the base polymer, in which the molecular weight distribution forms a shoulder on the side of its maximum towards higher molecular weights or increases one.
- the chemical reaction with the chain modifier preferably leads to an increase in a degree of branching of the polymer P or of the polyester compared to the base polymer.
- the polymer P or the polyester preferably has a dependence of its shear viscosity on the shear frequency compared to the base polymer at lower shear frequencies, which the base polymer exhibits at least less pronounced, preferably not, at these low shear frequencies.
- the shear viscosity preferably decreases here with increasing shear frequency.
- shear thinning also called structural viscosity. This shear thinning is less pronounced in the base polymer, preferably not present at the low shear frequencies.
- the above-mentioned low shear frequencies are preferably in the range from 0.1 to 100 Hz.
- the dependence of the shear viscosity of the polymer P or of the polyester on the shear frequency is preferably described in a non-linear manner or by a monotonically decreasing function, more preferably a strictly monotonically decreasing function , This also preferably applies in the range of the shear frequency from 0.1 to 100 Hz.
- a preferred chain modifier is a chain extender, ie it leads to an extension of the polymer chains of the base polymer by means of a chemical reaction.
- Another preferred chain modifier is an organic chemical compound or a mixture of chemical compounds which contains at least one organic chemical compound, preferably only organic chemical compounds.
- a preferred chain modifier includes a chemical group selected from the group consisting of an acrylate group, an epoxy group, and an anhydride group, or a combination of at least two of them.
- a preferred chain modifier has a molecular weight of less than 3,000. Suitable chain modifiers are often sold by polymer manufacturers as "Chainextender L" . Suitable Kettenmodifizierer are commercially available for example under the trade name Joncryl ® from BASF SE or PMDA from Sigma Aldrich.
- the polymer P is preferably a polyester, the corresponding base polymer also preferably being a polyester.
- the above-mentioned chemical reaction is also referred to herein as a chain extension reaction.
- a preferred chain extension reaction is a polyaddition reaction.
- Sheet-like composites for the production of food containers are also referred to as laminates.
- Such sheet-like composites are often made up of a thermoplastic polymer layer, a carrier layer usually made of cardboard or paper, which gives the container its dimensional stability, an adhesion promoter layer, a barrier layer and a further thermoplastic polymer layer, as disclosed inter alia in WO 90/09926 A2 , Polymer P / polymer layer P / polymer composition P
- the “P” is an index which is intended to identify the polymer or the polymer layer or the polymer composition in relation to the respective general name and other polymers, polymer layers or polymer compositions. Furthermore, this index has no meaning in terms of content and is not an abbreviation.
- the inventive ß polymer layer P is preferably a layer of the sheet-like composite, which is based at least on the polymer P or the polyester and may contain one or more other polymers. Furthermore, the polymer layer P can contain one or more additives.
- the polymer layer P and the polymer composition P preferably each contain the polymer P and the polyester, respectively.
- the polymer layer P can preferably be obtained from the polymer composition P, particularly preferably by means of melt extrusion.
- the polymer composition P can be provided, for example, as a polymer melt, granules or powder, the granules or powder preferably being converted into a polymer melt for superimposing the carrier layer.
- the polymer layer P and the polymer composition P each preferably contain no polymer blend.
- the polymer P or the polyester is preferably a homopolymer.
- the polymer P or the polyester is preferably available from one or more renewable raw materials.
- a preferred renewable raw material is one selected from the group consisting of a plant component, a component of an animal body, and a human or animal excretion, or a combination of at least two of these.
- the polymer P or the polyester is preferably obtainable from the renewable raw material by a process which contains one or more selected from the group consisting of a monomer formation, a polymerization reaction and a chain extension reaction, preferably at least the monomer formation taking place in a fermentation. Additionally or alternatively, the aforementioned method is a biogenic method. Layers of the sheet-like composite
- the layers of the sheet-like composite preferably form a layer sequence. Furthermore, the layers of the sheet-like composite are preferably connected to one another. Two layers are connected when their adhesion to one another exceeds Van der Waals attractions. Interconnected layers are preferably one selected from the group consisting of sealed to one another, glued to one another, and other pressed, or a combination of at least two of them. Unless otherwise stated, the layers can follow one another indirectly, that is to say with one or at least two intermediate layers, or directly, that is to say without an intermediate layer. This is particularly the case with the formulation in which one layer overlaps another layer. A formulation in which a layer sequence contains enumerated layers means that at least the specified layers exist in the specified order.
- polymer layer refers in particular to the polymer inner layer, the polymer intermediate layer and the polymer outer layer, provided that these are not the polymer layer P.
- a preferred polymer is a polyolefin.
- the polymer layers can have further constituents.
- the polymer layers are preferably introduced or applied in the sheet-like composite material in an extrusion process.
- the other constituents of the polymer layers are preferably constituents which do not adversely affect the behavior of the polymer melt when applied as a layer.
- the further constituents can be, for example, inorganic compounds, such as metal salts or other plastics, such as further thermoplastic plastics. However, it is also conceivable for the further constituents to be fillers or pigments, for example carbon black or metal oxides.
- Suitable thermoplastic plastics for the other constituents are, in particular, those which are easy to process due to their good extrusion behavior.
- Polymers obtained by chain polymerization, in particular polyolefins are particularly suitable, cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), polycyclic olefin copolymers (POC), in particular polyethylene and polypropylene, being particularly preferred, and polyethylene being particularly preferred.
- the polyethylenes are HDPE (high density polyethylene), MDPE ⁇ medium density polyethylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and VLDPE (yery low density polyethylene) and mixtures of at least two of these are preferred. Mixtures of at least two thermoplastics can also be used.
- Suitable polymer layers have a melt flow rate (MFR) in a range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in a range from
- the polymer layers preferably have at least one melting temperature in a range from 80 to 155 ° C., preferably in a range from 90 to 145 ° C. and particularly preferably in a range from 95 to 135 ° C.
- the inner polymer layer P is not the inner polymer layer
- the inner polymer layer is based on thermoplastic polymers, and the inner polymer layer can contain a particulate inorganic solid.
- the polymer inner layer contains at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight and particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer inner layer, one or more thermoplastic polymers.
- the polymer or the polymer mixture of the polymer inner layer preferably has a density (according to ISO 1183-1: 2004) in a range from 0.900 to 0.980 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably in a range from 0.900 to 0.960 g / cm 3 and am most preferably in a range from 0.900 to 0.940 g / cm 3 .
- the polymer is a polyolefin, mpolymer, or a combination of both.
- the polymer inner layer preferably contains a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. A particularly preferred polyethylene is an LDPE.
- the polymer inner layer preferably contains the polyethylene or the polypropylene or both together in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, most preferably at least 50% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer inner layer. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer inner layer preferably contains an HDPE, preferably in a proportion of at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10 % By weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, most preferably at least 20% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the inner polymer layer. In addition or as an alternative to one or more of the abovementioned polymers, the inner polymer layer preferably contains a polymer produced by means of a metallocene catalyst, preferably an mPE.
- the inner polymer layer preferably contains the mPE in a proportion of at least 3% by weight, more preferably at least 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the inner polymer layer.
- the polymer inner layer can contain 2 or more, preferably 2 or 3, of the aforementioned polymers in a polymer blend, for example at least a portion of the LDPE and the mPE, or at least a portion of the LDPE and the HDPE.
- the polymer inner layer can preferably comprise 2 or more, preferably 3, sublayers which overlap one another and which preferably form the polymer inner layer. These sub-layers are preferably layers obtained by co-extrusion.
- the polymer inner layer includes a first underlayer in the direction from the outside of the sheet-like composite to the inside of the sheet-like composite, comprising an LDPE in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight.
- % more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the first underlayer; and a further sublayer comprising a blend, the blend being an LDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60 % By weight, most preferably at least 65% by weight, and an mPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, most preferably at contains at least 25% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the blend.
- an LDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60 %
- mPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, most preferably at contains at least 25%
- the further lower layer preferably contains the blend in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, still more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the further lower layer.
- the additional lower layer particularly preferably consists of the blend.
- the inner polymer layer contains a first underlayer in the direction from the outside of the sheet-like composite to the inside of the sheet-like composite, comprising an HDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight %, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight, most preferably at least 70% by weight, and an LDPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the first underlayer; a second sublayer containing an LDPE in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, still more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, each based on the weight of the second sub-layer; and a third sublayer containing a blend, the blend being an LDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by
- the third sublayer preferably contains the blend in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the third sub-layer.
- the third sublayer particularly preferably consists of the blend.
- the outer polymer layer preferably contains a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. LDPE and HDPE and mixtures of these are preferred as polyethylene.
- a preferred polymer outer layer contains at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight , each based on the weight of the polymer outer layer, an LDPE.
- the intermediate polymer layer preferably contains a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both.
- a particularly preferred polyethylene is an LDPE.
- the intermediate polymer layer preferably contains the polyethylene or the polypropylene or both together in a proportion of at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 60 % By weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer intermediate layer.
- the polymer intermediate layer preferably contains an HDPE, preferably in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight %, more preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the intermediate polymer layer.
- the polymer intermediate layer preferably contains the aforementioned polymers in a polymer blend.
- the barrier layer preferably has an oxygen permeation rate of a few less than 50 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), preferably less than 40 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), more preferably less than 30 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), more preferably less than 20 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), more preferably less than 10 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), even more preferably less than 3 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), most preferably no more than 1 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- the barrier layer is preferably selected from
- the barrier layer according to alternative a. a plastic barrier layer, this preferably contains at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 95% by weight of at least one plastic, which the person skilled in the art can use for this purpose, in particular because of the aroma or Gas barrier properties is known.
- Suitable plastics in particular thermoplastic plastics, are N or O-bearing plastics, both individually and in mixtures of two or more. According to the invention, it can prove to be advantageous if the plastic barrier layer has a melting temperature in a range from more than 155 to 300 ° C., preferably in a range from 160 to 280 ° C. and particularly preferably in a range from 170 to 270 ° C.
- the plastic barrier layer further preferably has a weight per unit area in a range from 2 to 120 g / m 2 , preferably in a range from 3 to 60 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in a range from 4 to 40 g / m 2 and moreover preferably 6 to 30 g / m 2 .
- the plastic barrier layer is furthermore preferably obtainable from melts, for example by extrusion, in particular layer extrusion.
- the plastic barrier layer can preferably also be introduced into the sheet-like composite via lamination. It is preferred here that a film is incorporated into the sheet-like composite.
- plastic barrier layers can also be selected, which can be obtained by deposition from a solution or dispersion of plastics.
- Suitable polymers are preferably those which have a molecular weight with a weight average, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) by means of light scattering, in a range from 3 10 3 to 1 10 7 g / mol, preferably in a range from 5 10 3 to 1.10 6 g / mol and particularly preferably in a range from 6 10 3 to 1 10 5 g / mol.
- Suitable polymers are in particular polyamide (PA) or polyethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) or a mixture thereof.
- PA 6 PA 6.6, PA 6.10, PA 6.12, PA 11 or PA 12 or a mixture of at least two of these are particularly worthy of mention, PA 6 and PA 6.6 being particularly preferred and PA 6 also being preferred.
- PA 6 is commercially available, for example, under the trade names Akulon ® , Durethan ® and Ultramid ® .
- Amorphous polyamides such as MXD6, Grivory ® and Selar ® PA are also suitable.
- the PA has a density in a range from 1.01 to 1.40 g / cm 3 , preferably in a range from 1.05 to 1.30 g / cm 3 and particularly preferably in a range from 1 , 08 to 1.25 g / cm 3 . It is further preferred that the PA has a viscosity number in a range from 130 to 250 ml / g and preferably in a range from 140 to 220 ml / g.
- EVOH Any EVOH which appears suitable to the person skilled in the art for the use according to the invention is suitable as EVOH. Examples of these are commercially available under the trade names EVAL TM from EVAL Europe NV, Belgium in a variety of different versions, for example the types EVAL TM F104B or EVAL TM LR171B.
- Preferred EVOH have at least one, two, more or all of the following properties:
- % a density in a range from 1.0 to 1.4 g / cm 3 , preferably from 1.1 to 1.3 g / cm 3 ; a melting point in a range from more than 155 to 235 ° C, preferably from 165 to 225 ° C;
- At least one polymer layer has a melting temperature below the melting temperature of the barrier layer.
- the melting temperatures of the at least one, in particular the polymer inner layer, and the melting temperature of the barrier layer preferably differ by at least 1 K, particularly preferably by at least 10 K, even more preferably by at least 50 K furthermore preferably at least 100 K.
- the temperature difference should preferably only be chosen so high that there is no melting of the barrier layer, in particular no melting of the plastic barrier layer, during the folding.
- the barrier layer is a metal layer.
- the metal layer can be present as a foil or as a deposited layer, for example after physical vapor deposition.
- the metal layer is preferably an uninterrupted layer.
- the metal layer has a thickness in a range from 3 to 20 mth, preferably in a range from 3.5 to 12 mth and particularly preferably in a range from 4 to 10 mth.
- Preferred metals are aluminum, iron or copper.
- a steel layer, for example in the form of a foil, may be preferred as the iron layer.
- the metal layer furthermore preferably represents a layer with aluminum.
- the aluminum layer can expediently consist of an aluminum alloy, for example AlFeMn, AlFel, 5Mn, AlFeSi or AlFeSiMn. The purity is usually 97.5% and higher, preferably 98.5% and higher, based in each case on the entire aluminum layer.
- the metal layer consists of an aluminum foil. Suitable aluminum foils have an extensibility of more than 1%, preferably more than 1.3% and particularly preferably more than 1.5%, and a tensile strength of more than 30 N / mm 2 , preferably more than 40 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably more than 50 N / mm 2 .
- Suitable aluminum foils show a droplet size of more than 3 mm, preferably more than 4 mm and particularly preferably more than 5 mm in the pipette test.
- Suitable alloys for creating aluminum layers or foils are commercially available under the names EN AW 1200, EN AW 8079 or EN AW 8111 from Hydro Aluminum Anlagen GmbH or Amcor Flexibles Singen GmbH.
- an adhesion promoter layer can be provided on one and / or both sides of the metal foil between the metal foil and a closest polymer layer.
- a metal oxide layer may be selected.
- Suitable metal oxide layers are all metal oxide layers which are familiar to the person skilled in the art and which appear suitable in order to achieve a barrier effect against light, steam and / or gas.
- Metal oxide layers based on the previously mentioned metals aluminum, iron or copper are particularly preferred, as are metal oxide layers based on titanium or silicon oxide compounds.
- a metal oxide slide is produced, for example, by evaporating a plastic layer, for example an oriented polypropylene film with metal oxide. A preferred method for this is physical vapor deposition.
- the metal layer or metal oxide layer can be a composite of one or more plastic layers with a metal or metal oxide layer.
- a layer can be obtained, for example, by evaporating a plastic layer, for example an oriented polypropylene film, with metal.
- a preferred method for this is physical vapor deposition.
- any material suitable for the purpose of the person skilled in the art which has sufficient strength and rigidity to give the container stability to the extent that the container essentially retains its shape when filled can be used as the carrier layer.
- dimensionally stable containers are basically to be distinguished from bags and bags, which are usually made of thin foils.
- plant-based fibrous materials in particular cellulose, preferably glued, bleached and / or unbleached cellulose are preferred, paper and cardboard being particularly preferred. Accordingly, a preferred carrier layer contains a large number of fibers.
- the basis weight of the carrier layer is preferably in a range from 120 to 450 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in a range from 130 to 400 g / m 2 and most preferably in a range from 150 to 380 g / m 2 .
- a preferred carton generally has a single or multi-layer structure and can be coated on one or both sides with one or more cover layers. Furthermore, a preferred cardboard has a residual moisture content of less than 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight and particularly preferably from 4 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the cardboard.
- a particularly preferred carton has a multilayer structure.
- the carton preferably has at least one, but particularly preferably at least two, layers of a cover layer on the surface facing the surroundings, which is known to the person skilled in the art as a “line”.
- a preferred cardboard has a Scott bond value (according to Tappi T403um) in a range from 100 to 360 J / m 2 , preferably from 120 to 350 J / m 2 and particularly preferably from 135 to 310 J / m 2 .
- the areas mentioned above make it possible to provide a composite from which a container with high tightness can be folded easily and with low tolerances.
- the backing layer is characterized by a bending resistance, which can be measured with a bending measuring device according to ISO 2493-2: 2011 at a bending angle of 15 °.
- the carrier layer preferably has a bending resistance in a range from 80 to 550 mN in a first direction.
- the first direction is preferably an orientation direction of the fibers.
- a carrier layer, which contains a plurality of fibers furthermore preferably has a bending resistance in a range from 20 to 300 mN in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- the samples used to measure the bending resistance with the above measuring device have a width of 38 mm and a clamping length of 50 mm.
- a preferred sheet-like composite with the carrier layer has a bending resistance in the first direction in a range from 100 to 700 mN. Furthermore, the aforementioned sheet-like composite preferably has a bending resistance in the range from 50 to 500 mN in the second direction.
- the samples of the sheet-like composite used for measurement with the above measuring device also have a width of 38 mm and a clamping length of 50 mm.
- the outside of the sheet-like composite is a surface of a layer of the sheet-like composite which is intended to be in contact with the surroundings of the container in a container to be produced from the sheet-like composite. This does not conflict with the fact that in individual areas of the container the outer sides of different areas of the composite are folded onto one another or connected to one another, for example sealed onto one another.
- the inside of the sheet-like composite is a surface of a layer of the sheet-like composite which is intended to be in contact with the contents of the container, preferably a foodstuff, in a container to be produced from the sheet-like composite.
- a preferred polyolefin is a polyethylene (PE) or a polypropylene (PP) or both.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- a preferred polyethylene is one selected from the group consisting of an LDPE, an LLDPE, and an HDPE, or a combination of at least two of them.
- Another preferred polyolefin is an m polyolefin (polyolefin made by means of a metallocene catalyst).
- Suitable polyethylenes have a melt flow rate (MFI - melt flow rate) in a range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in a range from 2 to 20 g / 10 min and particularly preferably in a range from 2.5 to 15 g / 10 min, and a density in a range from 0.910 g / cm 3 to 0.935 g / cm 3 , preferably in a range from 0.912 g / cm 3 to 0.932 g / cm 3 , and more preferably in one Range from 0.915 g / cm 3 to 0.930 g / cm 3 .
- MFI - melt flow rate melt flow rate
- An mPolymer is a polymer that was produced using a metallocene catalyst.
- a metallocene is an organometallic compound in which a central metal atom is located between two organic ligands, such as cyclopentadienyl ligands.
- a preferred m-polymer is an m-polyolefin, preferably an m-polyethylene or an m-polypropylene or both.
- a preferred mPolyethylene is one selected from the group consisting of an mLDPE, an mLLDPE, and an mHDPE, or a combination of at least two of them.
- a preferred mPolyolefin is characterized by at least a first melting temperature and a second melting temperature. In addition to the first and the second melting temperature, the m polyolefin is preferably characterized by a third melting temperature.
- a preferred first melting temperature is in a range from 84 to 108 ° C, preferably from 89 to 103 ° C, more preferably from 94 to 98 ° C.
- a preferred further melting temperature lies in a range from 100 to 124 ° C., preferably from 105 to 119 ° C., more preferably from 110 to 114 ° C.
- An adhesion promoter layer is a layer of the sheet-like composite which contains at least one adhesion promoter in a sufficient amount so that the adhesion promoter layer improves adhesion between layers adjacent to the adhesion promoter layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer preferably contains an adhesion promoter polymer.
- the adhesion promoter layers are preferably polymer layers.
- An adhesion promoter layer can be located between layers of the sheet-like composite which do not directly adjoin one another, preferably between the barrier layer and the polymer inner layer.
- Suitable adhesion promoters in an adhesion promoter layer are all plastics which, by functionalization by means of suitable functional groups, are suitable for producing a firm connection by forming ion bonds or covalent bonds to a surface of an adjacent layer.
- They are preferably functionalized polyolefins, in particular acrylic acid copolymers, which have been obtained by copolymerizing ethylene with acrylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylates, acrylate derivatives or carboxylic acid anhydrides bearing double bonds, for example maleic anhydride, or at least two of them.
- GUCH polyethylene len-maleic anhydride-grafted polymers
- EAA ethylene acrylic acid copolymers
- EMA ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers
- GUCH polyethylene len-maleic anhydride-grafted polymers
- EAA ethylene acrylic acid copolymers
- EMA ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers
- EAA ethylene acrylic acid copolymers
- EMA ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers
- ® for example, under the trade names Bynel ® and Nucrel ® 0609HSA by DuPont or Escor 6000Ex- Co are distributed by ExxonMobile Chemicals.
- Ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers are also preferred as adhesion promoters.
- a methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, i-butyl or a pentyl group is preferably selected as the alkyl group.
- the adhesion promoter layer can comprise mixtures of two or more different ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers.
- the ethylene alkyl acrylate copolymer can also preferably have two or more different alkyl groups in the acrylate function, for example an ethylene alkyl acrylate copolymer in which both methyl acrylate units and ethyl acrylate units occur in the same copolymer.
- the adhesion between the carrier layer, a polymer layer or the barrier layer to the next layer in each case is at least 0.5 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 0.7 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 0.8 N / 15 mm , In an embodiment according to the invention, it is preferred that the adhesion between a polymer layer and a carrier layer is at least 0.3 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 0.5 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 0.7 N / 15 mm.
- the adhesion between the barrier layer and a polymer layer is at least 0.8 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 1.0 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 1.4 N / 15 mm.
- the adhesion between the barrier layer and the adhesion promoter layer is at least 1.8 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 2.2 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 2 Is 8 N / 15mm.
- the adhesion between the individual layers is so strong that the backing layer is torn during the adhesion test, in the case of a box as a backing layer there is a so-called cardboard fiber tear.
- any extruder that is known to the person skilled in the art and appears suitable for the use according to the invention can be considered as an extruder.
- An extruder is a device for molding a mass, preferably a polymer mass, by pressing through a shaping opening.
- a preferred extruder is a processing extruder or a processing extruder or both. Processing extruders are mainly used for shaping and are often designed as single-shaft exhausters. Processing extruders are used for chemical and / or physical modification of the mass by means of a chemical or physical process.
- a preferred chemical process is a chemical reaction.
- a preferred physical process is mixing or degassing or both.
- a preparation extruder is particularly preferred.
- a preferred chemical reaction as a chemical process is a chain extension reaction.
- a preferred extruder is selected from the group consisting of consisting of a piston extruder, a screw extruder, a cascade extruder, and a planetary roller extruder, or a combination of at least two of them.
- a preferred screw extruder is a barrier screw extruder, or a co-rotating or counter-rotating twin screw extruder.
- Another preferred extruder includes one, or two, or more than two shafts, each of these shafts carrying an extrusion tool, such as an extruder screw, or being integrally formed with the extrusion tool.
- a screw extruder preferably a twin-screw extruder, more preferably a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, is very particularly preferred.
- a melt extrusion coating is an application of a mass by pressing a melt forming the mass through a shaping opening of an extruder onto a substrate, so that a sheet-like layer overlying the substrate is obtained from the mass.
- the mass for extrusion coating is preferably melted.
- the polymers are usually heated to temperatures of 210 to 350 ° C., measured on the melted polymer film below the outlet at the extruder nozzle.
- the extrusion can be carried out using commercially known extrusion tools, such as extruders, extruder screws, feed block etc. At the end of the extruder there is preferably an opening through which the polymer melt is pressed.
- the opening can have any shape that allows the polymer melt to be extruded.
- the opening can be square, oval or round.
- the opening preferably has the shape of a slot in a funnel.
- the carrier layer can be overlaid with the barrier layer as a lamination.
- the prefabricated carrier and barrier layers are connected with the aid of a suitable laminating agent.
- a preferred liner includes an intermediate polymer composition from which a preferred intermediate polymer layer is obtained.
- Colorants which are known to the person skilled in the art and are suitable for the present invention are both solid and liquid. According to DIN 55943: 2001-10, colorant is the collective name for all coloring substances, especially for dyes and pigments.
- a preferred colorant is a pigment.
- a preferred pigment is an organic pigment.
- notable pigments are in particular those in DIN 55943: 2001-10 and those in “Industrial Organic Pigments, Third Edition.” (Willy Herbst, Klaus Hunger Copyright ⁇ 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 3- 527-30576-9) mentioned pigments.
- a pigment is a colorant that is preferably insoluble in the application medium.
- a dye is a colorant that is preferably soluble in the application medium.
- the sheet-like composite is preferably folded in a temperature range from 10 to 50 ° C., preferably in a range from 15 to 45 ° C. and particularly preferably in a range from 20 to 40 ° C. This can be achieved in that the sheet-like composite has a temperature in the above areas.
- a folding tool preferably together with the sheet-like composite, has a temperature in the above range.
- the folding tool preferably does not have a heater. Rather, the folding tool or the sheet-like composite or both are cooled.
- the folding is carried out at a temperature of at most 50 ° C. as “cold folding” and the connection at more than 50 ° C., preferably above 80 ° C. and particularly preferably above 120 ° C. as “heat sealing”.
- the above conditions and in particular temperatures preferably also apply in the vicinity of the folding, for example in the housing of the folding tool.
- connection is understood to mean a process in which an elongated, angle-forming crease is preferably created in the folded sheet-like composite by means of a folded edge of a folding tool.
- two adjoining surfaces of a sheet-like composite are often bent more and more towards one another
- the folding results in at least two adjoining folding surfaces which can then be connected at least in partial areas to form a container area.
- the connection can be carried out by any measure which seems suitable to the person skilled in the art and which enables a gas and liquid-tight connection as possible can be done by sealing or gluing or a combination of both measures.
- the connection In the case of being sealed, the connection is created by means of a liquid and its solidification.
- gluing the two are formed between the interfaces or surfaces n objects to be connected form chemical bonds that create the connection. It is often advantageous when sealing or gluing to press the surfaces to be sealed or glued together.
- connection which appears suitable to the person skilled in the art for the use according to the invention and through which a sufficiently firm connection can be obtained can be considered as connection.
- a preferred joining is one selected from the group consisting of sealing, gluing, and pressing, or a combination of at least two of them.
- the connection is created by means of a liquid and its solidification.
- gluing chemical bonds are formed between the interfaces or surfaces of the two objects to be connected, which create the connection.
- sealing or gluing it is advantageous to seal or glue Pressing surfaces together.
- a preferred pressing of two layers is pressing each first surface of a first of the two layers onto a second surface of the second of the two layers facing the first surface for at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50 %, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95% of the first surface.
- a particularly preferred joining is sealing.
- a preferred sealing comprises heating, stacking, and pressing as steps, the steps preferably taking place in this sequence. Another sequence is also conceivable, in particular the sequence stacking, heating and pressing.
- a preferred heating is heating a polymer layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer, more preferably a polyethylene layer or a polypropylene layer or both. Another preferred heating is heating a polyethylene layer to a temperature in a range of 80 to 140 ° C, more preferably 90 to 130 ° C, most preferably 100 to 120 ° C. Another preferred heating is heating a polypropylene layer to a temperature in a range from 120 to 200 ° C, more preferably from 130 to 180 ° C, most preferably from 140 to 170 ° C. Another preferred heating takes place to a sealing temperature of the polymer layer.
- a preferred heating can take place by radiation, by hot gas, by a solid heat contact, by mechanical vibrations, preferably by ultrasound, by convection, or by a combination of at least two of these measures. A particularly preferred heating takes place by exciting an ultrasonic vibration.
- any type of radiation suitable for the person skilled in the art to soften the plastics of the existing polymer layers is suitable.
- Preferred types of radiation are IR, UV rays and microwaves.
- IR rays which are also used for IR welding of sheet-like composites
- wavelength ranges from 0.7 to 5 gm are to be mentioned.
- laser beams in a wavelength range from 0.6 to less than 1.6 gm can be used.
- Short-wave emitters in the range from 1 to 1.6 gm are preferably halogen emitters.
- Medium-wave radiators in the range of> 1.6 to 3.5 gm are, for example, metal foil radiators. Quartz emitters are often used as long-wave emitters in the range> 3.5 gm. Lasers are being used more and more. Diode lasers in a wavelength range from 0.8 to 1 gm, Nd: YAG lasers at around 1 gm and CO2 lasers at around 10.6 gm are used. High-frequency technologies with a frequency range from 10 to 45 MHz, often in a power range from 0.1 to 100 kW, are also used. Ultrasonic
- PI a frequency in a range from 5 to 100 kHz, preferably in a range from 10 to 50 kHz and particularly preferably in a range from 15 to 40 kHz;
- P2 an amplitude in the range from 2 to 100 gm, preferably in a range from 5 to 70 gm and particularly preferably in a range from 10 to 50 gm;
- P3 is an oscillation time (as a period in which a vibrating body, such as a sonotrode or inductor, has a vibrating contact on the sheet-like composite) in a range from 50 to 1000 ms, preferably in a range from 100 to 600 ms and particularly preferably in a range from 150 to 300 ms.
- Heating via contact with a solid can take place, for example, by means of a heating plate or heating mold which is in direct contact with the sheet-like composite and which releases the heat to the sheet-like composite.
- the hot gas preferably hot air
- suitable blowers, outlet openings or nozzles or a combination thereof can heat the sheet-like composite by contact with the wall of the holding device and the hot gas.
- the container precursor can also be heated in that the container precursor is fixed with a container precursor holder and the areas of the container precursor to be heated are flowed through by one or two or more hot gas nozzles provided in the container precursor holder.
- the sheet-like composite and the container precursor in the context of the invention are preferably designed to produce a, preferably closed, food container.
- the container according to the invention is preferably a, preferably closed, food container. All foods known to the person skilled in the art for human consumption and also animal feed can be considered as foods. Preferred foods are liquid above 5 ° C., for example milk products, soups, sauces, non-carbonated drinks.
- a container precursor is a preliminary stage of the container that arises in the production of a, preferably, closed container.
- the container precursor preferably contains the sheet-like composite as a blank.
- the sheet-like composite can be unfolded or folded.
- a preferred container precursor is cut and designed to produce a single, preferably closed, container.
- a preferred container precursor, which is cut and designed to produce a single container is also referred to as a jacket or sleeve.
- the jacket or sleeve contains the sheet-like composite folded.
- the container precursor preferably has the shape of a Lateral surface of a prism.
- a preferred prism is a cuboid.
- the jacket or sleeve contains a longitudinal seam and is open in a head region and a base region.
- a typical container precursor that is tailored and designed to make a variety of containers is often referred to as a hose.
- Another preferred container precursor is open, preferably in one head region or one head region, particularly preferably in both.
- a preferred container precursor is jacket-shaped or tubular or both.
- Another preferred container precursor contains the sheet-like composite in such a way that the sheet-like composite is folded at least once, preferably at least twice, more preferably at least three times, most preferably at least four times.
- a preferred container precursor is formed in one piece.
- a base region of the container precursor is particularly preferably formed in one piece with a lateral region of the container precursor.
- the preferably closed container according to the invention can have a large number of different shapes, but an essentially cuboid structure is preferred.
- the container can be formed over the entire area from the sheet-like composite, or can have a 2-part or multi-part construction.
- the container is made up of at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 70% and moreover preferably at least 90% of the area from the sheet-like composite.
- the container can have a device for emptying the contents.
- the container according to the invention has at least one, preferably from 4 to 22 or even more edges, particularly preferably from 7 to 12 edges. Within the scope of the present invention, the edge understood rich that arise when folding a surface.
- the elongated contact areas of two wall surfaces of the container also referred to herein as longitudinal edges, may be mentioned as exemplary edges.
- the container walls preferably represent the surfaces of the container framed by the edges.
- the interior of a container according to the invention preferably contains a food product.
- the container preferably does not contain a lid or base or both, which is not formed in one piece with the flat composite.
- a preferred container contains a food.
- the at least one hole provided in the carrier layer can have any shape known to the person skilled in the art and suitable for various closures or drinking straws. In the context of the invention, a hole for the passage of a drinking straw is particularly preferred.
- the holes in the supervision often have curves.
- the holes can be essentially circular, oval, elliptical or drop-shaped.
- the shape of the opening is usually also generated, either by an openable closure connected to the container, through which the container content is dispensed from the container after opening, or by a drinking straw in the container is predetermined.
- the openings of the opened container thus often have shapes which are comparable or even the same as the at least one hole in the carrier layer.
- Embodiments of the sheet-like composite with a single hole serve primarily to release the food contained in the container made from the sheet-like composite. Another hole can be provided in particular for ventilation of the container when the food is released.
- the hole cover layers are connected to one another at least partially, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 90% of the area formed by the at least one hole.
- the perforated cover layers are connected to one another at the edges of the at least one hole and preferably lie connected to the edges, so that they overlap one another entire hole surface extending connection to achieve improved tightness.
- the perforated cover layers are frequently connected to one another via the region formed by the at least one hole in the carrier layer.
- the at least one hole preferably has a diameter in a range from 3 to 30 mm, more preferably from 3 to 25 mm, more preferably from 3 to 20 mm, more preferably from 3 to 15 mm, most preferably from 3 to 10 mm.
- the diameter of the hole is the length of the longest straight line, which begins and ends at the edge of the hole and runs through the geometric center of gravity of the hole. open / opening aid
- the opening of the container is usually created by at least partially destroying the perforated cover layers covering the at least one hole. This destruction can be done by cutting, pressing into or pulling out of the container.
- the destruction can take place by means of an opening aid connected to the container and arranged in the region of the at least one hole, usually above the at least one hole, for example also by means of a drinking straw which is pushed through the hole cover layers.
- an opening aid is provided in the area of the at least one hole. It is preferred here that the opening aid is provided on the surface of the composite that represents the outside of the container.
- the container preferably contains a closure, for example a lid, on the outside of the container.
- the closure covers the hole at least partially, preferably completely.
- the closure thus protects the hole cover layers, which are less robust compared to the areas outside the at least one hole, from harmful mechanical action.
- the closure often includes the opening aid.
- hooks for tearing out at least some of the perforated cover layers, edges or cutting for cutting in the perforated cover layers or domes for pushing through the perforated cover layers or a combination of at least two of them are suitable, for example.
- These opening aids are often with a screw cap or a cap of the closure, for example mechanically coupled via a hinge, so that the opening aid acts on the perforated cover layers to open the closed container by actuating the screw cap or the cap.
- such closure systems comprising a composite layer covering a hole, openable closures covering this hole with opening aids are referred to as “overcoated holes” with “applied fittings”.
- the layer to be examined is first separated from the laminate as described below. Three sample pieces of the flat-shaped composite are cut. Unless otherwise specified, unfolded and non-grooved areas of the sheet-like composite are used for this. Unless otherwise stated, the sample pieces have the dimensions 4 cm x 4 cm. If other dimensions of the layer to be examined are necessary for the examination to be carried out, sufficiently large specimens are cut from the laminate. The sample pieces are placed for 30 minutes in an acetic acid bath heated to 60 ° C.
- the MFR value is measured according to the standard ISO 1133-1: 2012, method A (mass determination method), unless otherwise stated at 190 ° C and 2.16 kg).
- the density is measured according to the ISO 1183-1: 2013 standard.
- the melting temperature is determined using the DSC method ISO 11357-1, -5.
- the device is calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions using the following measurements:
- the recorded measurement curve can have several local maxima (melting peaks), that is to say several melting temperatures. If a melting temperature above a certain value is required here, this condition is fulfilled if one of the measured melting temperatures lies above this value. If reference is made here to a melting temperature of a polymer layer, a polymer composition or a polymer, then in the case of a plurality of measured melting temperatures (melting peaks), unless stated otherwise, the highest melting temperature is always meant. Viscosity number of PA
- the viscosity number of PA is measured according to the DIN EN ISO 307 (2013) standard in 95% sulfuric acid. Molecular weight distribution
- the molecular weight distribution is measured by gel scattering chromatography using light scattering: ISO 16014-3 / -5 (2009-09).
- the moisture content of the cardboard is measured according to the ISO 287: 2009 standard.
- the oxygen permeation rate is determined according to ASTM D3985-05 (2010).
- the sample to be examined is taken from a non-grooved and unfolded area of the laminate. Furthermore, the sample to be examined is tested with the side facing outward in the laminate facing the test gas. The area of the sample is 50 cm 2 .
- the measurements are carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C, an ambient air pressure of 100 kPa (0.986 atm) and a relative air humidity of 50%.
- the test device is an Ox-Tran 2/22 from Mocon, Neuwied, Germany. The measurement is carried out without air pressure compensation. Samples with the ambient temperature are used for the measurements. Further settings and influencing factors for the measurement - in particular the others listed under point 16 of the standard ASTM D3985-05 (2010) - are specified by the measuring device used or the proper use and maintenance thereof in accordance with the manufacturer's manual. modulus of elasticity
- the modulus of elasticity is determined by means of a tensile test with a Tira test 28025 universal tensile testing machine (Tira GmbH; Eisfelder Strasse 23/25; 96528 Schalkau, Germany; force transducer: 1 kN).
- Tira test 28025 universal tensile testing machine Tira GmbH; Eisfelder Strasse 23/25; 96528 Schalkau, Germany; force transducer: 1 kN).
- the polymer layer to be examined is first separated from the composite as described above.
- 10 samples with the dimensions 15 mm x 40 mm are produced. 5 of the sample pieces are measured in the first layer direction and 5 in the further layer direction.
- the sample piece is clamped into the tensile testing machine in the layer direction to be examined.
- the arithmetic mean is formed from the values obtained for the 5 samples.
- the neck-in value denotes the constriction of the polymer film formed by the polymer composition P between the extruder die outlet and the substrate, that is to say the sheet-like composite precursor, on each side of the film.
- the distance between the extruder nozzle outlet and the film is 15 cm for the measurement.
- the constriction is calculated from the difference between the nozzle width and the film width on the substrate, both in mm. The smaller the value, the easier it is to coat broad substrates and the production system can thus be used more effectively.
- the width of the film on the substrate is measured and calculated using the following formula: where a is the nozzle width in mm and b is the film width on the substrate in mm.
- the die width a here is the longest dimension of the extruder die slot.
- the intrinsic viscosity is determined in accordance with ASTM D4603-03.
- the shear rheological measurements are carried out in oscillation tests with a Discovery HR-3 rheometer from TA Instruments with a plate-plate geometry with a diameter of 25 mm. If reference is made here to the shear viscosity of a polymer layer or a polymer composition, the dynamic shear viscosity which can be measured by means of plate-plate geometry is always meant. Determination of the shear viscosity of the polyethylene terephthalate or its derivatives: First the sample is conditioned in the measuring device.
- the sample is melted for 5 min at the measuring temperature (BioPET: 270 ° C; rPET at 260 ° C) and a plate spacing of 1750 pm and then the supernatant that has swollen between the plates is removed.
- the sample height (measuring gap) during the measurement is 1700 pm.
- an amplitude sweep is carried out with a step-wise increase in the deformation from 0.1% to 100% and at a constant angular frequency of 0.2 rad / s in order to determine the linear viscoelastic range (LVE).
- LVE linear viscoelastic range
- the theological properties are independent of the deformation, so that a deformation suitable for the frequency sweep can be determined.
- the frequency sweep is then followed at a deformation of 4% and an angular frequency range from 0.1 to 100 rad / s.
- the sample is conditioned in the measuring device.
- the sample is melted for 5 min at the measuring temperature of 195 ° C and a plate spacing of 1750 pm and then the supernatant that has swollen between the plates is removed.
- the sample height (measuring gap) during the measurement is 1700 pm.
- an amplitude sweep is carried out with a step-wise increase in the deformation from 0.1% to 100% and at a constant angular frequency of 0.2 rad / s in order to determine the linear viscoelastic range (LVE).
- LVE linear viscoelastic range
- the theological properties are independent of the deformation, so that a deformation suitable for the frequency sweep can be determined.
- the frequency sweep is then followed with a deformation of 1% and an angular frequency range from 0.1 to 100 rad / s.
- Crystal Chemical Oil 60 from Shell Chemicals with methylene blue is used as a test agent for the leak test.
- 250 containers are produced from the laminate to be examined and sealed as described below for the examples and comparative examples.
- the closed containers are then cut open along their circumference in such a way that an upwardly open container part containing the closed base area is obtained.
- This part of the container is filled with approx. 20 ml of the test agent and stored for 24 hours.
- the container parts on the outside of the floor area are then checked with the naked eye as to whether the test agent has produced blue discoloration in the event of a leak in the floor area.
- the number of the same 250 containers is shown, which show a leak after 24 hours.
- the resistance of the containers to ambient humidity is tested by means of a compression test.
- 5 identical containers as described below for the examples and comparative examples are produced, filled with water and sealed.
- the containers are then stored for 24 hours at a relative air humidity of 50% at a temperature of 23 ° C ° C.
- the compression test is carried out immediately.
- the test is used to determine the crushing resistance along the longitudinal axis of the closed container and can be used to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of filled containers in the static case of storage and in the dynamic case of transport.
- the compression pressure test is carried out on the individual containers in accordance with DIN EN ISO 12048.
- a TIRAtest 28025 (Tira GmbH; Eisfelder Strasse 23/25; 96528 Schalkau, Germany) is used as the measuring device. The average of the maximum breaking load (load value) from the 5 same containers is determined. This describes the value that leads to the failure of the examined containers.
- test runs are carried out at different points in the paint layer.
- the results are assessed with the naked eye using the following scale. The results get better from 1 to 5: 5 - color layer does not peel off
- the printability of the polymer outer layer is evaluated by determining the dots of the printing screen that were not printed when the decor was printed using the gravure printing process.
- the printed decor is examined under the light microscope.
- Five full-surface areas of the laminate to be examined with a size of 10 mm x 10 mm are examined.
- a non-printed dot of the print screen corresponds to a missing screen dot.
- the missing grid points are counted for each of the five areas.
- the arithmetic mean (average value) of the five measurements corresponds to the value “missing grid points”. The higher this value, the poorer the printability of the outer polymer layer of the laminate.
- Decorative layer comes to lie on itself. Folded in this way, the samples are fixed with a paper clip and immersed in 100% detergent (Pricol perfect from Henkel, Düsseldorf, Germany) for up to a week. The samples are immersed 15 mm deep in the detergent. 5 of the samples are checked for stress cracks under a stereomicroscope after 24 h, 48 h and 7 days. Stress cracks are evident from the fact that changes in the form of cracks, hairline cracks or splinters can be seen on the still folded sample in the area of the fold on the side of the laminate facing away from the decorative layer (stretched area). The evaluation is based on the following scale. 3 - no stress cracks after 7 days
- the carrier layer was provided with a hole to which an opening aid in accordance with EP1 812 298 B1 was applied.
- approx. 90% of the radius of the membrane specified by the cutting ring is cut through and there is only one connection to the container.
- the membrane folds away to the side and the product can be poured out without interference. If the material is not selected according to the invention, restrictions can arise when opening the container. It means:
- biodegradability is tested according to the DIN EN 13432 standard.
- biodegradability means that a material must have decomposed to more than 90% water, carbon dioxide (COa) and biomass after a specified time under defined temperature, oxygen and humidity conditions in the presence of microorganisms or fungi.
- COa carbon dioxide
- the invention is illustrated in more detail below by examples and drawings, the examples and drawings not restricting the invention. Furthermore, the drawings are not to scale unless otherwise stated. Production of treated bio-polvestems from untreated bio-polvestems as base polymers
- Table 1 untreated bio-polyesters, which are used as base polymers in the examples and comparative examples and for which chain modifiers suitable for treatment with their dosage in% by weight, based on the weight of the mixture of base polymer and chain modifier, and also the temperature used to extrude the treated polyester obtained
- bio-polyesters treated for the use according to the invention are produced by treatment with the chain modifier specified in each case in the dosage also specified.
- This treatment takes place in the extrusion coating system used for the production of the laminates.
- the base polymer and chain modifier are added to the extruder and the extrusion is carried out at the temperature listed in Table 1.
- the treated polyester thus obtained is granulated and is thus available for the melt extrusion coating described below for the production of the laminates.
- This extrusion coating is also carried out when using one of the treated polyesters obtained as described above with the extrusion temperature given in Table 1. If the above base polymers are used without prior treatment with a chain modifier (comparative examples), they are each referred to as “untreated”.
- the Base polymers treated with the corresponding chain modifier given above are referred to as “treated”.
- Polymer layer P as a polymer outer layer
- the layer referred to herein as polymer layer P is used as the polymer outer layer.
- the polymer layer P corresponds only to the inventive examples of the invention.
- laminates with the layer structure given in Table 2 below are each prepared by a layer extrusion process.
- Table 2 Structure of the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples in which the polymer layer P is used as the polymer outer layer Composition of the outer polymer layer
- Table 3 shows the compositions of the polymer layer P and of the polymer composition P from which the polymer layer P is obtained for each example and comparative example in which the polymer layer P is used as the polymer outer layer.
- Table 3 Composition of the polymer layer P in the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples, in which the polymer layer P is used as the outer polymer layer
- the laminates are produced using an extrusion coating system from Davis Standard. Unless otherwise stated for the purpose of treatment with the chain modifier, the extrusion temperature is in a range from about 280 to 330 ° C.
- the carrier layer is provided with a pouring hole for each container to be produced, and then the polymer outer layer is applied to the carrier layer.
- the polymer intermediate layer is applied together with the adjacent adhesion promoter layer and the barrier layer to the carrier layer previously coated with the polymer outer layer.
- the inner polymer layer is applied to the barrier layer together with the adjacent adhesion promoter layer.
- the polymers or polymer blends are melted in an extruder.
- the resulting melt is transferred to a nozzle via a feed block and extruded onto the carrier layer. If several polymers or polymer blends are applied in one layer, the melts formed are brought together via a feed block and then extruded together on the carrier layer.
- the MFR or the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer composition P used to produce the polymer outer layer and its neck-in during melt extrusion coating are determined.
- the so-called edge waving of the polymer composition P during melt extrusion coating is evaluated. The less pronounced this phenomenon occurs, the more advantageous since a smoother and more homogeneous polymer outer layer is obtained over the substrate surface. If the edge waving is too pronounced, the neck-in cannot be sensibly determined.
- Table 4 Properties for processability of the polymer compositions P of the examples and comparative examples, in which the polymer layer P is used as the outer polymer layer, by means of melt extrusion coating. Samples of the outer polymer layer are separated as described above from the laminates of the examples and comparative examples produced and their ratio of the first E-module in the first layer direction to the further E-module in the further layer direction determined according to the above measurement method. When determining the modulus of elasticity, the first layer direction is always selected so that it matches the direction of travel (MD) of the extrusion coating. Accordingly, the further layer direction is chosen so that it coincides with the transverse direction (CD). The results of the above tests are given in Table 5.
- Table 5 Theological properties of the polymer layers P of the laminates of the examples and of the comparative examples in which the polymer layer P is used as the polymer outer layer.
- Significant aspects of the environmental compatibility of a laminate and the containers produced therefrom are the production of the materials used for producing the laminate, but also that Usability of these materials after disposal of the containers.
- the bio-based carbon fraction of the polymer layer P is used as a measure of the proportion to which the polymer or the polymers of the respective polymer layer P are made from renewable raw materials was obtained, that is, a measure of the environmental compatibility of the production of the polymer or polymers used.
- the bio-based carbon content is determined after separating the polymer layer P from the laminate according to the method described above.
- a decor with 60 halftone dots per cm and an area coverage of 30% is used for this.
- the polymer outer layer to be printed is not subjected to any treatment to improve the ink adhesion, such as a corona treatment.
- the tests given above for the adhesive strength of the ink and the printability (lack of halftone dots) of the polymer outer layer are carried out on the printed laminates. The results of these tests are also shown in Table 6.
- creases in particular longitudinal creases, are introduced on the outside (side of the polymer outer layer).
- a crease pattern is introduced for each container to be made from the laminate.
- the grooved laminate is cut into blanks for individual containers, each blank containing one of the above holes.
- a closed container of the shape shown in FIG. 7 (brick type) is produced from this jacket in a standard filling machine CFA 712, SIG Combibloc, Linnich.
- a floor area is created by folding and closed by heat sealing. This creates an open cup.
- the cup is sterilized with hydrogen peroxide.
- the cup is also filled with water.
- the head area of the cup, which contains the hole, is closed by folding and ultrasound sealing, and a closed container is thus obtained.
- An opening aid of the type disclosed in EP1 812 298 B1 is glued to this container with an adhesive Euromelt 510 from Henkel, Dusseldorf.
- the containers obtained are tested for their resistance to ambient moisture in accordance with the method given above and subjected to the opening test described above. The results of these tests are shown in Table 7.
- Table 7 Properties of the containers produced from laminates according to the examples and comparative examples with polymer layer P as the polymer outer layer
- Polymer layer P as a polymer intermediate layer
- the layer referred to herein as polymer layer P is used as an intermediate polymer layer.
- the polymer layer P corresponds only to the inventive examples of the invention.
- Table 8 Structure of the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples in which the polymer layer P is used as an intermediate polymer layer
- Example 9 30% by weight untreated and 70% by weight treated Ingeo 4044D (PLA) from Nature Works
- Example 10 100% by weight Ingeo 4044D (PLA) from Nature Works
- Example 13 30 wt .-% untreated and 70 wt .-% of treated GLOBIO ® BCB80
- Example 14 100 weight .-% of treated GLOBIO BCB80 ® (PET), FKUR
- Table 9 Composition of the polymer layer P in the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples, in which the polymer layer P is used as an intermediate polymer layer
- the laminates are produced as described above for the examples and comparative examples with the polymer layer P as the polymer outer layer.
- the MFR or the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer composition P used to produce the polymer layer P (here polymer intermediate layer) and its neck-in during melt extrusion coating are determined in accordance with the methods given above.
- the so-called edge waving of the polymer composition P during melt extrusion coating is evaluated.
- Table 11 Theological properties of the polymer layers P of the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples, in which the polymer layer P is used as the polymer outer layer.
- the laminates of the examples and comparative examples produced as described above are examined with regard to the adhesion between their barrier layer and their carrier layer in accordance with the above measurement method , Furthermore, samples of the polymer interlayer are separated and the bio-based carbon content of the polymer interlayer is determined therefrom. The results of the above tests are given in Table 12.
- Table 12 also contains information on the biodegradability and chemical recyclability of the polymer layer P.
- Table 13 Properties of the containers produced from laminates according to the examples and comparative examples with polymer layer P as polymer intermediate layer Polymer layer P as inner polymer layer
- the layer referred to herein as polymer layer P is used as the polymer inner layer.
- the polymer layer P corresponds only to the examples of the invention.
- laminates with the layer structure given in Table 14 below are each prepared by a layer extrusion process.
- Table 14 Structure of the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples in which the polymer layer P is used as the inner polymer layer
- Table 15 shows the compositions of the polymer layer P and of the polymer composition P from which the polymer layer P is obtained for each example and comparative example in which the polymer layer P is used as the inner polymer layer.
- Table 15 Composition of the polymer layer P in the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples, in which the polymer layer P is used as the inner polymer layer
- the laminates are produced as described above for the examples and comparative examples with the polymer layer P as the polymer outer layer.
- the MFR or the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer composition P used to produce the polymer layer P (here the inner polymer layer) and their neck-in during melt extrusion coating are determined in accordance with the methods given above. Furthermore, the so-called edge waving of the polymer composition P during melt extrusion coating is evaluated.
- Table 16 The results of the above investigations on the processability of the polymer compositions P of the examples and comparative examples are summarized in Table 16.
- Table 17 Theological properties of the polymer layers P of the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples in which the polymer layer P is used as the polymer outer layer. Furthermore, the laminates of the examples and comparative examples produced as described above are examined with regard to their tendency to stress corrosion cracking according to the above measurement method. In addition, samples of the inner polymer layer are separated and the bio-based carbon content of the inner polymer layer is determined. The results of the above tests are given in Table 18. Table 18 also contains information on the biodegradability and chemical recyclability of the polymer layer P.
- Table 19 Properties of the containers produced from laminates according to the examples and comparative examples with polymer layer P as the inner polymer layer Unless otherwise stated in the description or the respective figure, each shows schematically and not to scale:
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a section of a sheet-like composite according to the invention in cross section;
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a section of a further sheet-like composite according to the invention in cross section;
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention for producing a flat composite
- FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention for producing a container precursor
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a container precursor according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention for producing a closed container
- Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a closed container according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the dependence of the shear viscosity of the polymer layer P on the shear frequency for the polymer layers P of examples 6, 14 and 22 and comparative examples 8, 19 and 30.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a sheet-like composite 100 according to the invention in cross section.
- the sheet-like composite 100 consists of the following layers of a layer sequence in the direction from an outside 101 of the sheet-like composite 100 to an inside 102 of the sheet-like composite 100: an outer polymer layer 103, a carrier layer 104, a barrier layer 105 and a polymer inner layer 106
- Backing layer 104 is a cardboard layer called Stora Enso Natura T Duplex with double line (Scott Bond value 200 J / m 2 , residual moisture 7.5%).
- the barrier layer 105 is made of EVOH, available as EVAL L171B from Kuraray, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- the polymer outer layer 103 and / or the polymer inner layer 106 can be used as polymer layer P described herein may be formed.
- Each polymer layer P contains a polyester.
- each polymer layer P extends flat in a respective layer plane and has a first modulus of elasticity in a first layer direction lying in the layer plane, and a further modulus of elasticity in a further layer direction lying in the layer plane.
- the first layer direction and the corresponding further layer direction are perpendicular to each other.
- a ratio of the first elastic modulus to the further elastic modulus is in a range from 0.96 to 1.04.
- the polymer outer layer 103 is not a polymer layer P, it consists of the LDPE 19N430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany. If the inner polymer layer 106 is not a polymer layer P, it consists of a blend of 65% by weight LDPE 19N430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany and 35% by weight Eltex 1315 AZ from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a section of a further sheet-like composite 100 according to the invention in cross section.
- the sheet-like composite 100 consists of the following layers of a layer sequence in the direction from an outer side 101 of the sheet-like composite 100 to an inner side 102 of the sheet-like composite 100: a paint application 201, which forms a four-colored decor, a polymer outer layer 103, a carrier layer 104, one Intermediate polymer layer 202, a first adhesion promoter layer 203, a barrier layer 105, a second adhesion promoter layer 204, and a polymer inner layer 106.
- the carrier layer 104 is a cardboard layer with the designation Stora Enso Natura T Duplex with double line (Scott bond value 200 J / m 2 , residual moisture 7.5%).
- the barrier layer 105 is an aluminum foil with the designation EN AW 8079 from Hydro Aluminum Anlagen GmbH. Any one or more selected from the group consisting of the outer polymer layer 103, the intermediate polymer layer 202 and the inner polymer layer 106 can be formed as the polymer layer P described herein.
- the polymer layer P consists of a polyester which is obtained by treating one of the base polymers specified in Table 1 with the chain modifier specified for this purpose. If the polymer outer layer 103 is not a polymer layer P, it consists of the LDPE 19N430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
- the polymer intermediate layer 202 in the case in which it is not a polymer layer P, consists of the LDPE 19N430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
- the first adhesion promoter layer 203 and the second polymer layer 204 each consist of the EAA Escor 6000 from Exxon Mobile Corporation.
- the inner polymer layer 106 is not a polymer layer P, it consists of the following three sub-layers in the direction from the barrier layer 106 to the inside 102: a first sub-layer made of 75% by weight HDPE and 25% by weight LDPE, each based on the total weight of the first Underlayer, a second sublayer made of 100% by weight of LDPE based on the total weight of the second sublayer, and a third sublayer made of a polymer blend, the polymer blend comprising 30% by weight of an mPE and 70% by weight of an LDPE each based on the total weight of the third sub-layer.
- FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method 300 according to the invention for producing a flat composite 100.
- a flat composite precursor is provided.
- This includes a carrier layer 104.
- a polymer composition P including a polyester, is provided.
- the carrier layer 104 is overlaid with the polymer composition P by means of layer extrusion. Accordingly, the polymer composition P is liquid when superimposed.
- the extrusion coating produces a polymer layer P made of the polymer composition P and overlying the carrier layer 104. This polymer layer P extends in a plane in a layer plane.
- the polymer layer P In a direction lying in the layer plane in which the layer extrusion took place (machine direction), the polymer layer P has a first modulus of elasticity.
- the polymer layer P has a further modulus of elasticity in a further layer direction, which is also in the layer plane and is perpendicular to the machine direction.
- a ratio of the first modulus of elasticity to the further modulus of elasticity is
- FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of a method 400 according to the invention for producing a container precursor 500.
- a cut of the flat composite 100 of FIG. 2 is provided.
- This blank includes a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge.
- a process step b. 402 the blank is folded.
- a process step c. 403 become the first longitudinal edge and the further Longitudinal edge pressed together and bonded together by heat sealing. A longitudinal seam 502 is thus obtained.
- the container precursor 500 according to FIG. 5 is produced.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a container precursor 500 according to the invention.
- the container precursor 500 includes a cut of the flat composite 100 of FIG.
- the container precursor 500 includes a hole 505 in the carrier layer 104.
- the hole 505 is covered with the polymer outer layer 103 (not shown), the polymer intermediate layer 202 (not shown), the barrier layer 105, and the polymer inner layer 106 (not shown) as hole cover layers.
- a closed container 700 can be obtained by folding along grooves 506 and connecting fold regions in a head region 503 and a bottom region 504 of the container precursor 500. Such a closed container 700 is shown in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of a method 600 according to the invention for producing a closed container 700.
- method step A. 601 the container precursor 500 according to FIG. 5 is provided.
- a method step B. 602 a bottom area 504 of the container precursor 500 is formed by folding the sheet-like composite 100.
- the bottom area 504 is closed by sealing with hot air at a temperature of 300 ° C.
- the container precursor 500 is filled with a food 701 and in a process step E. 605 the container precursor 500 is sealed in a head region 503 while maintaining the closed container 700 of FIG. 7.
- a process step F. 606 the closed container 700 is connected to an opening aid 702.
- FIG. 606 the closed container 700 is connected to an opening aid 702.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of a closed container 700 according to the invention.
- the closed container 700 was produced from the container precursor 500 according to FIG.
- the closed container 700 contains a food 701 and has 12 edges 501. Furthermore, the closed container 700 is connected to a lid with an opening aid 702, which has the hole 505 on the outside 101 of the sheet-like composite
- the cover 702 contains a cutting tool in its interior as an opening aid.
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the dependence of the shear viscosity in Pa s 802 of the polymer layer P on the shear frequency in rad / s 801 for the polymer layers P of examples 6, 14 and 22 and comparative examples 8, 19 and 30 described measurement method obtained measurement results for Globio ® BCB80, FKUR 807 treated as described above for the examples, and measurement results for untreated Globio ® BCB80, FKUR 808.
- the diagram also shows the first shear viscosity 805 at the first shear frequency 803 and the further shear viscosity 806 at the further shear frequency 804.
- curve 807 shows a significantly greater shear thinning than curve 808 in the range from the first shear frequency 803 of 0.1 rad / s to the further shear frequency 804 of 100 rad / s. Furthermore, curve 807 in this area is a non-linear, strictly monotonically falling curve, the slope of which decreases.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112021001824-7A BR112021001824A2 (pt) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-26 | compósito em forma de folha, método, precursor de recipiente, recipiente e uso |
CN201980050561.3A CN112543701B (zh) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-26 | 用于生产尺寸稳定的食品容器的片状复合材料,片状复合材料包含具有聚酯和各向同性弹性模量的聚合物层 |
EP19746462.1A EP3829858A1 (de) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-26 | Flächenförmiger verbund zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine polymerschicht mit einem polyester und isotropem e-modul |
MX2021001291A MX2021001291A (es) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-26 | Material compuesto plano para la fabricacion de recipientes de alimentos dimensionalmente estables, que contiene una capa de polimero con un poliester y un modulo de elasticidad isotropico. |
JP2021505217A JP2021533008A (ja) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-26 | ポリエステルおよび等方性弾性率を有するポリマー層を含む、寸法安定性のある食品容器を製造するためのフラット複合材 |
US17/264,484 US20210245472A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-26 | Flat composite for producing dimensionally stable food containers, containing a polymer layer with a polyester and an isotropic modulus of elasticity |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018212797.2A DE102018212797A1 (de) | 2018-07-31 | 2018-07-31 | Flächenförmiger verbund zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine polymerschicht mit einem polyester und isotropem e-modul |
DE102018212797.2 | 2018-07-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020025471A1 true WO2020025471A1 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
Family
ID=67482940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2019/070164 WO2020025471A1 (de) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-26 | Flächenförmiger verbund zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine polymerschicht mit einem polyester und isotropem e-modul |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210245472A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3829858A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2021533008A (de) |
CN (1) | CN112543701B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112021001824A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018212797A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2021001291A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020025471A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT202100016610A1 (it) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-12-24 | One Hot Box 2 S R L S | Imballaggio primario alimentare |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1609812A1 (de) * | 2004-06-26 | 2005-12-28 | Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH | Extrusionsbeschichtbare Polyesterfolie enthaltend Poly(m-xylol-adipinamid) |
US20130313260A1 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2013-11-28 | Dupont Teijin Films U.S. Limited Partnership | Multilayer sealant film |
DE102016209434B3 (de) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-11-23 | Sig Technology Ag | Laminat für formstabile Nahrungsmittelbehälter mit einer Polymeraußenschicht mit einem Reflexionsgrad |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6500514B1 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-12-31 | Pechiney Emballage Flexible Europe | Encapsulated barrier for flexible films and a method of making the same |
JP2004082603A (ja) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | ガスバリア性被覆フィルム |
JP4313076B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-16 | 2009-08-12 | ユニチカ株式会社 | 生分解性ポリエステル系フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
US20080027178A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-31 | Julius Uradnisheck | Article comprising poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) |
US20050181157A1 (en) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-18 | Shigeo Otome | Packaging material |
US8927632B2 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2015-01-06 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Polylactic acid based film |
DE102014010016A1 (de) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-14 | Sig Technology Ag | Flächenförmiger Verbund, insbesondere für Behälter, mit einer durch verschiedene C=O-Gruppenabsorptionsmaxima gekennzeichneten Haftvermittlerschicht |
EP3308954B1 (de) * | 2016-10-17 | 2020-03-25 | SIG Technology AG | Blattförmiges verbundmaterial, insbesondere zur herstellung von formstabilen lebensmittelbehältern mit einer ersten biegefestigkeit kleiner als eine weitere biegefestigkeit |
-
2018
- 2018-07-31 DE DE102018212797.2A patent/DE102018212797A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-07-26 BR BR112021001824-7A patent/BR112021001824A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-07-26 US US17/264,484 patent/US20210245472A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-07-26 EP EP19746462.1A patent/EP3829858A1/de active Pending
- 2019-07-26 CN CN201980050561.3A patent/CN112543701B/zh active Active
- 2019-07-26 WO PCT/EP2019/070164 patent/WO2020025471A1/de active Application Filing
- 2019-07-26 MX MX2021001291A patent/MX2021001291A/es unknown
- 2019-07-26 JP JP2021505217A patent/JP2021533008A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1609812A1 (de) * | 2004-06-26 | 2005-12-28 | Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH | Extrusionsbeschichtbare Polyesterfolie enthaltend Poly(m-xylol-adipinamid) |
US20130313260A1 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2013-11-28 | Dupont Teijin Films U.S. Limited Partnership | Multilayer sealant film |
DE102016209434B3 (de) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-11-23 | Sig Technology Ag | Laminat für formstabile Nahrungsmittelbehälter mit einer Polymeraußenschicht mit einem Reflexionsgrad |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT202100016610A1 (it) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-12-24 | One Hot Box 2 S R L S | Imballaggio primario alimentare |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210245472A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
CN112543701B (zh) | 2023-11-07 |
CN112543701A (zh) | 2021-03-23 |
BR112021001824A2 (pt) | 2021-04-27 |
MX2021001291A (es) | 2021-04-28 |
JP2021533008A (ja) | 2021-12-02 |
EP3829858A1 (de) | 2021-06-09 |
DE102018212797A1 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE102017215078A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund, insbesondere zum Herstellen formstabiler Nahrungsmittelbehälter, mit einer durch eine Vielzahl von teilweise konvex gebogenen Rilllinien gebildeten Dachfläche | |
DE102017212142A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund, insbesondere zum Herstellen formstabiler Nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine Polymerschicht P mit einem L-Wert | |
EP2601046B1 (de) | Verpackungsbehälter aus einem flächenförmigen verbund mit verbesserter haft- und innenschichtkombination | |
DE102017212144A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund, insbesondere zum Herstellen formstabiler Nahrungsmittelbehälter, mit einer ersten und einer weiteren Haftvermittlerschicht, die jeweils einen Acrylatanteil aufweisen | |
DE102014010016A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund, insbesondere für Behälter, mit einer durch verschiedene C=O-Gruppenabsorptionsmaxima gekennzeichneten Haftvermittlerschicht | |
DE102011108402A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger verbund mit kunststoffschichten unterschiedlicher vicat-erweichungstemperaturen | |
DE102011108401A1 (de) | Robuster flächenförmiger Verbund mit einer Zwischenschicht mit erhöhter Vicat-Erweichungstemperatur | |
DE102014009466A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund mit einer mPolyolefinschicht mit verringertem Antioxidansanteil, insbesondere für Nahrungsmittelverpackungen | |
DE102016213838A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund zum Herstellen formstabiler Nahrungsmittelbehälter mit einer biobasierten Barriereschicht | |
DE102017201449A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund zum Herstellen formstabiler Nahrungsmittelbehälter mit einer Barriereschicht, die eine Barrieresubstratschicht und eine nach innen weisende Barrierematerialschicht aufweist | |
DE102010006036A1 (de) | Behälter für Nahrungsmittel aus einem aluminiumfreien flächenförmigen Verbund mit einem überzogenen Loch als Teil eines Verschlusssystems | |
DE102010033464A1 (de) | Aus einem Behälterrohling geformter Behälter mit verbesserten Öffnungseigenschaften durch Streckwärmebehandlung von Polymerschichten | |
DE102016209237A1 (de) | Behältervorläufer mit Aufformkoeffizienten, insbesondere für einen einzelnen formstabilen Nahrungsmittelbehälter | |
DE102014015959A1 (de) | Vorrichtung, insbesondere zum Verschließen eines Kopfbereichs eines Nahrungsmittelbehälters, aus einem Laminat mit geschältem und teilweise auf sich selbst umgeschlagenen Randbereich | |
DE102015010405A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund, insbesondere für formstabile Behälter, mit teilflächig aufgebrachter äußerer thermoplastischer Siegelschicht | |
DE102012014261A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger verbund mitkunststoffschichten unterschiedlicherdämpfungseigenschaften | |
DE102013001263A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund mit Kunststoffschichten aus Kunststoffen unterschiedlicher Dämpfungseigenschaften mit einer Schicht beinhaltend LLDPE | |
WO2020025471A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger verbund zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine polymerschicht mit einem polyester und isotropem e-modul | |
WO2020025473A1 (de) | FLÄCHENFÖRMIGER VERBUND, INSBESONDERE ZUM HERSTELLEN FORMSTABILER NAHRUNGSMITTELBEHÄLTER, BEINHALTEND EINE POLYMERAUßENSCHICHT MIT EINEM POLYESTER | |
DE102015010404A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger Verbund, insbesondere für formstabile Behälter, mit teilflächig aufgebrachter äußerer thermoplastischer Siegelschicht, insbesondere zum Siegeln einer Längsnaht | |
DE102015010406A1 (de) | Elektrostatisch unterstütztes Bedrucken eines Packstofflaminats für formstabile Nahrungsmittelbehälter beinhaltend das gefaltete Packstofflaminat | |
WO2020025472A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger verbund, insbesondere zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter, beinhaltend eine polymerschicht mit einem polyester und einer scherverdünnung | |
WO2021018998A1 (de) | Verfahren mit einbringen eines lochs in ein flächenförmiges substrat zur herstellung formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter mittels rotierender werkzeuge einer stanzeinrichtung | |
DE102016209235A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Behältervorläufers, insbesondere für einen einzelnen formstabilen Nahrungsmittelbehälter, ohne Umfalten des Behältervorläufers | |
DE102016216241A1 (de) | Flächenförmiger verbund zum herstellen formstabiler nahrungsmittelbehälter mit einer barriereschicht, deren glänzendere oberfläche nach innen weist |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19746462 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021505217 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112021001824 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019746462 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20210301 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112021001824 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20210129 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 521421137 Country of ref document: SA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 521421137 Country of ref document: SA |