WO2020007004A1 - 掘进机、掘进机刀盘以及换刀方法 - Google Patents

掘进机、掘进机刀盘以及换刀方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020007004A1
WO2020007004A1 PCT/CN2018/124323 CN2018124323W WO2020007004A1 WO 2020007004 A1 WO2020007004 A1 WO 2020007004A1 CN 2018124323 W CN2018124323 W CN 2018124323W WO 2020007004 A1 WO2020007004 A1 WO 2020007004A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
freezing
cutter head
roadheader
cutter
section
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PCT/CN2018/124323
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘飞香
程永亮
何其平
彭正阳
薛静
暨智勇
熊晨君
罗丹
邓汝群
Original Assignee
中国铁建重工集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 filed Critical 中国铁建重工集团有限公司
Priority to SG11202013241UA priority Critical patent/SG11202013241UA/en
Priority to EP18925474.1A priority patent/EP3819461B1/en
Publication of WO2020007004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020007004A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring equipment, in particular to a cutter head of a boring machine.
  • the present invention also relates to a roadheader including the above-mentioned head of a roadheader and a method for changing the tool applied to the above-mentioned head of a roadheader.
  • Roadheader is the main tool used in today's underground tunnelling projects. As one of the key components of the roadheader, the cutter head's main function is to excavate the tunnel face. A cutter is provided on the cutter head.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a cutter head of a roadheader comprises a cutter head body, and a mounting hole is penetrated through the cutter head body, a freezing part is arranged in the mounting hole, and the freezing part is connected to drive the freezing part to extend or contract.
  • the freezing section is connected to the freezing line for supplying a freezing medium into the freezing section.
  • the cutter body is provided with a closed cavity
  • the mounting hole is penetratingly provided on a side wall of the closed cavity
  • the freezing pipeline is provided in the closed cavity.
  • all the freezing sections are in several groups; in each group of the freezing sections, the freezing sections are sequentially connected by the freezing pipeline to form a freezing circuit.
  • each of the freezing units is correspondingly provided with one of the driving devices.
  • the driving device is a hydraulic oil cylinder
  • the hydraulic oil cylinder is connected with a hydraulic pipeline
  • the hydraulic pipeline is provided in the closed cavity.
  • all the hydraulic cylinders are divided into several groups; in each group of the hydraulic cylinders, the oil supply port of each of the hydraulic cylinders is connected to the same main oil supply pipeline and the oil return port of each of the hydraulic cylinders is connected to Same main return line.
  • a ring-shaped peripheral freezing pipeline is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter body, and the central axis of the peripheral freezing pipeline is parallel or collinear with the central axis of the cutter body.
  • the freezing section has a sleeve-type structure, and the freezing section is a semi-closed structure opened toward the inside of the closed cavity, and the open end of the freezing section is connected to the freezing pipeline.
  • the cutter body includes a central cylinder and a spoke arm
  • the spoke arm includes a main spoke arm and a secondary spoke arm, and all the main spoke arms are radially distributed and connected to the central cylinder as a center.
  • the central cylinder is connected to the secondary spoke arm by a ring beam between adjacent main spoke arms, and the closed cavity is provided in both the central cylinder and the spoke arm.
  • a roadheader includes a roadheader cutter head, and the roadheader cutter head is the roadheader cutter head according to any one of the above.
  • a tool changing method applied to a cutter head of a roadheader comprising:
  • a driving device in the cutter head of the roadheader drives the freezing part in the cutterhead of the roadheader to extend out of the mounting hole in the cutterhead of the roadheader and to a certain depth in the palm surface in front of the cutterhead;
  • a freezing medium is provided to the freezing section to freeze the soil of the palm surface to form a freezing insulation layer.
  • the cutter head of a roadheader provided by the present invention comprises a cutter head body.
  • a mounting hole is formed through the cutter head body, and a freezing part is installed in the mounting hole.
  • the freezing part is connected with a drive for driving the freezing part to extend or retract the cutter head body.
  • An apparatus in which the freezing section is connected to a freezing line for supplying a freezing medium into the freezing section.
  • the freezing section is retracted relative to the mounting hole to avoid the freezing section from affecting the normal construction of the cutter head, and at the same time, it can prevent the knife section from abrading and damaging the freezing section during the rotating work.
  • the driving device drives the freezing section to extend out of the installation hole and into a certain depth of soil or palm in the palm surface in front of the cutter head.
  • the freezing medium is transported to the freezing section, and the soil of the palm surface is frozen into frozen soil with higher strength and stability through the freezing effect of the freezing medium in the freezing section to form a freezing insulation layer, and at the same time, it can effectively prevent groundwater from seeping into the knife. Intraday.
  • the freezing section can insert the point freezing of the soil at the front end of the palm surface to form a freezing insulation layer, thereby improving the palm.
  • the strength and stability of the sub-surface soil provide a safe and convenient operating environment for the tool change operation.
  • the freezing section extends out of the cutter body to perform the freezing operation, it can reduce the freezing of the cutter steel structure, Reduction of ineffective operations in groundbreaker frozen soil.
  • the present invention provides a boring machine including the boring head of the boring machine, whose tools can be safely replaced.
  • the tool changing method provided by the present invention can safely change tools.
  • FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of freezing pipes in a cutter head of a roadheader provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of hydraulic pipelines in a cutter head of a roadheader provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of a freezing section in a cutter head of a roadheader provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an overlay view of a freezing section in a cutter head of a roadheader provided by the present invention.
  • the core of the invention is to provide a cutter head of a roadheader, which can ensure the safe replacement of the cutter.
  • Another core of the present invention is to provide a roadheader including the above-mentioned roadheader cutter head, whose cutters can be safely replaced.
  • Another core of the present invention is to provide a tool changing method applied to the cutter head of the roadheader, which can safely perform tool replacement.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 including a cutter head body.
  • the cutter head body is provided with a mounting hole therethrough, and a freezing portion 11 and a freezing portion are provided in the mounting hole.
  • a driving device for driving the freezing section 11 to extend or retract the cutter body is connected to 11.
  • the freezing section 11 is connected to a freezing line 12 for supplying a freezing medium into the freezing section 11.
  • the freezing medium is preferably a freezing liquid such as cold water.
  • the freezing section 11 is retracted relative to the mounting hole, so as to avoid the freezing section 11 from affecting the normal construction of the cutter head, and at the same time, it can prevent the knife section from abrading and damaging the freezing section 11 during the rotating work.
  • the driving device drives the freezing section 11 to extend out of the installation hole and into a certain depth of soil in the palm surface in front of the cutter head.
  • muddy water conveying the freezing medium to the freezing section 11, and freezing the soil on the palm surface into frozen soil with higher strength and stability through the freezing effect of the freezing medium in the freezing section 11, which can effectively prevent freezing.
  • Groundwater seeps into the cutter head.
  • the number of the freezing sections 11 can be set according to actual needs. Specifically, the freezing range of all the freezing sections 11 should cover the entire surface of the knife plate.
  • the direction of expansion and contraction of the freezing unit 11 is preferably expansion and contraction along the cutting axis direction.
  • the number and connection form of the freezing pipes 12 can be set according to the structure of the cutter head or other needs.
  • a retractable freezing section 11 since a retractable freezing section 11 is provided, during tool replacement or maintenance operations, the freezing section 11 can perform point-point freezing on the soil at the front end of the palm surface to form a freezing insulation layer, thereby improving palm height.
  • the strength and stability of the subsurface soil provide a safe and convenient operating environment for the tool change operation.
  • the freezing section 11 extends out of the cutter body, it can reduce the freezing of the steel structure of the cutter plate, reduce and reduce soil damage. Invalid operation of cabin frozen ground.
  • a closed cavity 10 may be provided in the cutter body, a mounting hole is provided through the side wall of the closed cavity, and a freezing pipe 12 may be provided in the closed cavity 10.
  • a freezing pipe 12 may be provided in the closed cavity 10.
  • all the freezing sections 11 can be divided into several groups. In each group of freezing sections 11, the freezing sections 11 are connected in sequence by a freezing pipeline 12 to form a freezing circuit, and then a group of freezing sections 11 corresponds to one freezing circuit. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the refrigeration circuit can reduce the overall occupied space of the refrigeration circuit 12. The number of refrigeration circuits can be set according to actual conditions. For example, all refrigeration units 11 can form a refrigeration circuit in series through the refrigeration pipeline 12 in sequence. In addition, the entrance and exit of the freezing circuit 12 may be provided at the center of the cutter body.
  • each freezing section 11 may be provided with a driving device correspondingly, so as to individually control the expansion and contraction of each freezing section 11 according to actual needs.
  • the driving device may be a hydraulic oil cylinder 13, which is convenient to maintain.
  • the hydraulic oil cylinder 13 may be connected with a hydraulic pipeline 14, and the hydraulic pipeline 14 is provided in the closed cavity 10 to avoid damaging the hydraulic pipeline 14 during the movement of the cutter head.
  • the number of hydraulic lines 14 and the connection form can be set according to the structure of the cutter head or other needs.
  • all the hydraulic oil cylinders 13 can be divided into several groups.
  • the oil supply port of each hydraulic oil cylinder 13 is connected to the same main oil supply line and the oil return port of each hydraulic oil cylinder 13 is connected to the same main oil return line.
  • the main oil supply line can be connected to the oil supply port of the hydraulic oil cylinder 13 through a branch oil supply hydraulic line 14, and the main oil return line is connected to the oil return port of the hydraulic oil cylinder 13 through a branch oil return hydraulic line 14.
  • the hydraulic oil can be dissipated to the oil supply port of each hydraulic cylinder 13 through a single input junction, and the oil return ends of each hydraulic cylinder 13 can be gathered through a single output junction, which is beneficial to reducing the number of hydraulic pipes and Space occupied.
  • the driving device may be provided as a cylinder or other driving devices in addition to the hydraulic oil cylinder 13.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the cutter body may be provided with a ring-shaped outer refrigeration tube 15, and the central axis of the outer refrigeration tube 15 is parallel or collinear with the central axis of the cutter body.
  • the arrangement of the peripheral freezing pipeline 15 can form a closed annular freezing isolation ring after freezing the soil body, which can further increase the strength of the frozen soil body, and the annular freezing isolation ring can be formed together with the freezing area formed by the freezing section 11
  • the semi-enclosed frozen isolation enclosed area surrounding the front end of the cutter head enables the cutter head and the earth compartment enclosed in the area to effectively prevent the infiltration of groundwater and further provides a safe and convenient operating environment for the tool change operation.
  • the freezing section 11 may have a sleeve structure, and the freezing section 11 is a semi-closed structure opening toward the interior of the closed cavity 10, and the open end of the freezing section 11 is connected to cooling
  • the pipeline can prevent the cooling medium from leaking from the freezing section 11.
  • the freezing section 11 may include a plurality of annular sleeves that are sequentially set. One end of the innermost annular sleeve is closed and the other end is provided with an opening for entering the freezing medium. The other annular sleeves are open at both ends. Adjacent outer ring sleeves are hermetically connected and each ring sleeve can be extended or retracted relative to its adjacent outer ring sleeves. By controlling the length of the outer ring sleeves of each layer, the freezing portion 11 can be controlled to extend into the palm surface. Depth, more flexible to use, and can be retracted when not in use to reduce space consumption.
  • the cutter body may include a central cylinder 4 and a spoke arm
  • the spoke arm may include a main spoke arm 1 and a secondary spoke arm 3, and all the main spoke arms 1
  • the central cylinder 4 is radially distributed and connected to the central cylinder 4.
  • the adjacent main spoke arms 1 are connected to the secondary spoke arms 3 through the ring beam 2.
  • the connection strength between the primary spoke arms 1 and the secondary spoke arms 3 is relatively strong. it is good.
  • the closed cavity 10 may be provided in the center cylinder 4 and the spoke arm, and the spoke arm may specifically be a box beam, so that the freezing section 11 may be placed at both the spoke arm and the center cylinder 4 to ensure a frozen area.
  • the center cylinder 4 can be equipped with a center cutter 5
  • the main spoke arm 1 and the secondary spoke arm 3 can be equipped with a plurality of replaceable hobs 6, tearing knives 7, cutters 8 and scrapers 9 and the like.
  • the position of the driving device may be set according to actual needs.
  • the driving device may be provided at the rear of the spoke arm, and the piston rod of the driving device extends into the closed cavity 10 of the spoke arm and is connected to the freezing portion 11.
  • the present invention also provides a roadheader, which includes a roadheader cutter head, and the roadheader cutter head may be a roadheader cutter head disclosed in any of the above embodiments, and accordingly, the Please refer to the above embodiments for the beneficial effects of the roadheader.
  • the structure of other parts of the roadheader please refer to the prior art.
  • the present invention also provides a tool changing method, which is applied to the cutter head of any of the above embodiments, and specifically includes the following steps:
  • the driving device in the cutter head of the roadheader drives the freezing part in the cutter head of the roadheader to extend out of the mounting hole in the cutter head and to a certain depth in the palm surface in front of the cutter head;
  • a freezing medium is provided to the freezing section to freeze the soil on the palm surface to form a freezing insulation layer.
  • This tool changing method enables a safe tool change.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种掘进机刀盘和包括该掘进机刀盘的掘进机以及应用于该掘进机刀盘的换刀方法，掘进机刀盘包括刀盘体，刀盘体上贯穿设有安装孔，安装孔中设有冷冻部（11），冷冻部（11）连接有用于驱动冷冻部（11）伸出或缩回刀盘体的驱动装置，冷冻部（11）连接于用于向冷冻部（11）内提供冷冻介质的冷冻管路（12）。该掘进机刀盘中，由于设置了可伸缩的冷冻部（11），在更换刀具或维修作业中，冷冻部（11）可以对掌子面前端土体进行插入点式冷冻来形成冷冻隔离层，以此来提高掌子面土体的强度和稳定性，为换刀作业提供安全、方便的操作环境；同时，由于冷冻部（11）伸出刀盘体之外进行冷冻作业，能够减少对刀盘钢结构的冷冻，减少且降低破土舱冻土的无效作业。

Description

掘进机、掘进机刀盘以及换刀方法
本申请要求于2018年07月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810707625.X、发明名称为“一种掘进机、掘进机刀盘以及换刀方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及隧道掘进设备技术领域，特别涉及一种掘进机刀盘。此外，本发明还涉及一种包括上述掘进机刀盘的掘进机以及一种应用于上述掘进机刀盘的换刀方法。
背景技术
掘进机是当今地下隧道掘进工程中主要的使用工具。刀盘作为掘进机的关键部件之一，其主要作用是对隧洞掌子面进行开挖。刀盘上设有刀具。
目前，当刀具出现磨损或损坏时，需要工作人员进入土仓或泥水仓中作业。然而，由于土体未做加固，土体强度和稳定性不足，存在一定的塌方危险，同时，掘进机埋深较高的情况下，地下水的渗入对施工也会带来很大不便，尤其是在地质不稳定、极其恶劣的条件下，需对泥水仓加压以维持隧道掌子面的稳定，工作人员需要在加压环境下作业。可见，换刀操作时操作人员的人身安全难以保证。
因此，如何提高刀具更换的安全性，是本领域技术人员目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种掘进机刀盘，能够保证对刀具的安全更换。本发明的另一目的是提供一种包括上述掘进机刀盘的掘进机，其刀具能够安全地进行更换。本发明的另一目的是提供一种应用于上述掘进机刀盘的换刀方法，能够安全地进行刀具的更换。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种掘进机刀盘，包括刀盘体，所述刀盘体上贯穿设有安装孔，所述安装孔中设有冷冻部，所述冷冻部连接有用于驱动所述冷冻部伸出或缩回所述刀盘体的驱动装置，所述冷冻部连接于用于向所述冷冻部内提供冷冻 介质的所述冷冻管路。
优选地，所述刀盘体中设有封闭腔，所述安装孔贯穿设于所述封闭腔的侧壁上，所述冷冻管路设于所述封闭腔中。
优选地，所有所述冷冻部分为若干组；在各组所述冷冻部中，所述冷冻部由所述冷冻管路依次连接形成冷冻回路。
优选地，各所述冷冻部分别对应设有一个所述驱动装置。
优选地，所述驱动装置为液压油缸，所述液压油缸连接有液压管路，所述液压管路设于所述封闭腔中。
优选地，所有所述液压油缸分为若干组；每组所述液压油缸中，各所述液压油缸的供油口连接于同一主供油管路且各所述液压油缸的回油口连接于同一主回油管路。
优选地，所述刀盘体的外周部设有环状的外周冷冻管路，所述外周冷冻管路的中心轴与所述刀盘体的中心轴平行或共线。
优选地，所述冷冻部具有套管式结构，且所述冷冻部为朝向所述封闭腔内部开口的半封闭结构，且所述冷冻部的开口端连接所述冷冻管路。
优选地，所述刀盘体包括中心圆筒和辐臂，所述辐臂包括主辐臂和次辐臂，所有所述主辐臂以所述中心圆筒为中心呈辐射状分布并连接于所述中心圆筒，相邻所述主辐臂之间通过环形梁连接所述次辐臂，所述中心圆筒与所述辐臂内均设有所述封闭腔。
一种掘进机，包括掘进机刀盘，所述掘进机刀盘为如上述任意一项所述的掘进机刀盘。
一种换刀方法，应用于如上述任意一项所述的掘进机刀盘，包括：
所述掘进机刀盘中的驱动装置驱动所述掘进机刀盘中的冷冻部伸出所述掘进机刀盘中的安装孔且伸入于刀盘前面的掌子面中一定深度；
向所述冷冻部提供冷冻介质，以将所述掌子面的土体冷冻形成冷冻隔离层。
本发明提供的掘进机刀盘，包括刀盘体，刀盘体上贯穿设有安装孔，安装孔中设有冷冻部，冷冻部连接有用于驱动冷冻部伸出或缩回刀盘体的驱动装置，冷冻部连接于用于向冷冻部内提供冷冻介质的冷冻管路。
掘进过程中，冷冻部相对于安装孔回缩，以避免冷冻部影响刀盘的正 常施工，同时可以避免刀盘在旋转工作中对冷冻部的磨损破坏。当需要进行换刀作业时，尤其是需要在环境恶劣的条件下进行换刀作业时，驱动装置驱动冷冻部伸出安装孔且伸入于刀盘前面的掌子面中一定深度的土体或泥水中，向冷冻部输送冷冻介质，通过冷冻部中冷冻介质的冷冻作用，将掌子面的土体冷冻为强度与稳定性更高的冻土形成冷冻隔离层，同时可以有效防止地下水渗入刀盘中。
该掘进机刀盘中，由于设置了可伸缩的冷冻部，在更换刀具或维修作业中，冷冻部可以对掌子面前端土体进行插入点式冷冻来形成冷冻隔离层，以此来提高掌子面土体的强度和稳定性，为换刀作业提供安全、方便的操作环境；同时，由于冷冻部伸出刀盘体之外进行冷冻作业，能够减少对刀盘钢结构的冷冻，减少且降低破土舱冻土的无效作业。
本发明提供的包括上述掘进机刀盘的掘进机，其刀具能够安全地进行更换。
本发明提供的换刀方法，能够安全地进行刀具的更换。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明所提供掘进机刀盘中冷冻管路的分布图；
图2为本发明所提供掘进机刀盘中液压管路的分布图；
图3为本发明所提供掘进机刀盘中冷冻部的分布图；
图4为本发明所提供掘进机刀盘中冷冻部的覆盖图。
图1至图4中的附图标记说明如下：
1-主辐臂，2-环形梁，3-次辐臂，4-中心圆筒，5-中心刀具，6-滚刀，7-撕裂刀，8-切刀，9-刮刀，10-封闭腔，11-冷冻部，12-冷冻管路，13-液压油缸，14-液压管路，15-外周冷冻管路。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进 行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的核心是提供一种掘进机刀盘，能够保证对刀具的安全更换。本发明的另一核心是提供一种包括上述掘进机刀盘的掘进机，其刀具能够安全地进行更换。本发明的另一核心是提供一种应用于上述掘进机刀盘的换刀方法，能够安全地进行刀具的更换。
本发明所提供掘进机刀盘的一种具体实施例中，请参考图1至图4，包括刀盘体，刀盘体上贯穿设有安装孔，安装孔中设有冷冻部11，冷冻部11连接有用于驱动冷冻部11伸出或缩回刀盘体的驱动装置，冷冻部11连接于用于向冷冻部11内提供冷冻介质的冷冻管路12。其中，冷冻介质优选为冷水等冷冻液。
掘进过程中，冷冻部11相对于安装孔回缩，以避免冷冻部11影响刀盘的正常施工，同时可以避免刀盘在旋转工作中对冷冻部11的磨损破坏。当需要进行换刀作业时，尤其是需要在环境恶劣的条件下进行换刀作业时，驱动装置驱动冷冻部11伸出安装孔且伸入于刀盘前面的掌子面中一定深度的土体或泥水中，向冷冻部11输送冷冻介质，通过冷冻部11中冷冻介质的冷冻作用，将掌子面的土体冷冻为强度与稳定性更高的冻土形成冷冻隔离层，同时可以有效防止地下水渗入刀盘中。
需要说明的是，请参考图4，冷冻部11的数量可以根据实际需要进行设置，具体应使所有冷冻部11的冷冻范围覆盖整个刀盘掌子面。冷冻部11的伸缩方向优选为沿刀盘轴线掘进方向进行伸缩。当然，冷冻管路12的数量以及连接形式可以根据刀盘结构形式或者其他需要进行设置。
本实施例中，由于设置了可伸缩的冷冻部11，在更换刀具或维修作业中，冷冻部11可以对掌子面前端土体进行插入点式冷冻来形成冷冻隔离层，以此来提高掌子面土体的强度和稳定性，为换刀作业提供安全、方便的操作环境；同时，由于冷冻部11伸出刀盘体之外，能够减少对刀盘钢结构的冷冻，减少且降低破土舱冻土的无效作业。
进一步地，刀盘体中可以设有封闭腔10，安装孔贯穿设置在该封闭腔 的侧壁上，冷冻管路12可以设置在封闭腔10中。在掘进过程中，由于冷冻管路12设置在封闭腔10中，可以有效避免冷冻管路12发生不必要的磨损。
进一步地，所有冷冻部11可以分为若干组。各组冷冻部11中，冷冻部11由冷冻管路12依次连接形成冷冻回路，则一组冷冻部11对应一个冷冻回路。本实施例中，冷冻回路的设置可以减少冷冻管路12的整体占用空间。其中，冷冻回路的数量可以根据实际情况进行设置，例如，所有冷冻部11可以通过冷冻管路12依次串联形成一个冷冻回路。另外，冷冻管路12的出入口可以设置在刀盘体的中心处。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，各冷冻部11可以分别对应设有一个驱动装置，以便根据实际需要对各冷冻部11的伸缩进行单独控制。
进一步地，驱动装置可以为液压油缸13，维护方便。液压油缸13可以连接有液压管路14，液压管路14设于封闭腔10中，以避免刀盘运动过程中损伤液压管路14。液压管路14的数量以及连接形式可以根据刀盘结构形式或者其他需要进行设置。
进一步地，所有液压油缸13可以分为若干组。在每组液压油缸13中，各液压油缸13的供油口连接于同一主供油管路且各液压油缸13的回油口连接于同一主回油管路。具体地，主供油管路可以通过分支供油液压管路14连接于液压油缸13的供油口，主回油管路通过分支回油液压管路14连接于液压油缸13的回油口。对于每组液压油缸13，液压油可以通过单输入交汇点发散至各液压油缸13的供油口，以及通过单输出交汇点收拢各液压油缸13的回油端，有利于减少液压管道的数量以及空间占用。
当然，驱动装置除了液压油缸13外，还可以设置为气缸或者其他驱动装置。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，刀盘体的外周部可以设有环状的外周冷冻管路15，外周冷冻管路15的中心轴与刀盘体的中心轴平行或共线。外周冷冻管路15的设置可以在冷冻土体后形成封闭的环状冷冻隔离环，能够进一步提高土体冷冻后的强度，且该环状冷冻隔离环能够与冷冻部11形成的冷冻区共同形成包裹住刀盘前端的半封闭式的冷冻隔离封闭区域，使被包裹在该区域内的刀盘及土舱可有效防止地下水的渗入，进一步为换刀作 业提供安全、便利的操作环境。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，请参考图3，冷冻部11可以具有套管式结构，且冷冻部11为朝向封闭腔10内部开口的半封闭结构，且冷冻部11的开口端连接冷却管路，可以避免冷却介质从冷冻部11泄露。具体地，冷冻部11可以包括依次套设的若干个环形套，最内层的环形套一端封闭而另一端设有用于进入冷冻介质的开口，其他环形套两端均开口，每个环形套与其相邻外层环形套密封连接且每个环形套可以相对于其相邻外层环形套伸出或回缩，通过控制各层环形套伸出的长度可以控制冷冻部11伸入掌子面的深度，使用较灵活，且在不使用时可以呈回缩状态以减小空间占用。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，请参考图1和图2，刀盘体可以包括中心圆筒4和辐臂，辐臂可以包括主辐臂1和次辐臂3，所有主辐臂1以中心圆筒4为中心呈辐射状分布并连接于中心圆筒4，相邻主辐臂1之间通过环形梁2连接次辐臂3，主辐臂1与次辐臂3的连接强度较好。其中，中心圆筒4与辐臂内可以均设置封闭腔10，辐臂具体可以为箱型梁，从而可以在辐臂与中心圆筒4处均放置冷冻部11，可以保证冷冻的面积。其中，中心圆筒4处可以装有中心刀具5，主辐臂1、次辐臂3上可以装有若干可更换式的滚刀6、撕裂刀7、切刀8和刮刀9等刀具。
其中，驱动装置的位置可以根据实际需要进行设置，例如，驱动装置可以设置在辐臂的后部，驱动装置的活塞杆伸入辐臂的封闭腔10中并与冷冻部11相连。
除了上述掘进机刀盘，本发明还提供了一种掘进机，该掘进机包括掘进机刀盘，且该掘进机刀盘可以为上述任一实施例公开的掘进机刀盘，相应地，该掘进机的有益效果请对应参考上述各实施例。该掘进机的其他各部分的结构请参考现有技术，本文不再赘述。
另外，本发明还提供的一种换刀方法，应用于以上任意一实施例中的掘进机刀盘，具体包括以下步骤：
掘进机刀盘中的驱动装置驱动掘进机刀盘中的冷冻部伸出掘进机刀盘中的安装孔且伸入于刀盘前面的掌子面中一定深度；
向冷冻部提供冷冻介质，以将掌子面的土体冷冻形成冷冻隔离层。
该换刀方法能够安全地进行刀具的更换。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
以上对本发明所提供的掘进机及其掘进机刀盘以及掘进机刀盘的换刀方法进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，包括刀盘体，所述刀盘体上贯穿设有安装孔，所述安装孔中设有冷冻部(11)，所述冷冻部(11)连接有用于驱动所述冷冻部(11)伸出或缩回所述刀盘体的驱动装置，所述冷冻部(11)连接于用于向所述冷冻部(11)内提供冷冻介质的所述冷冻管路(12)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所述刀盘体中设有封闭腔(10)，所述安装孔贯穿设于所述封闭腔(10)的侧壁上，所述冷冻管路(12)设于所述封闭腔(10)中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所有所述冷冻部(11)分为若干组；在各组所述冷冻部(11)中，所述冷冻部(11)由所述冷冻管路(12)依次连接形成冷冻回路。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，各所述冷冻部(11)分别对应设有一个所述驱动装置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所述驱动装置为液压油缸(13)，所述液压油缸(13)连接有液压管路(14)，所述液压管路(14)设于所述封闭腔(10)中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所有所述液压油缸(13)分为若干组；每组所述液压油缸(13)中，各所述液压油缸(13)的供油口连接于同一主供油管路且各所述液压油缸(13)的回油口连接于同一主回油管路。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6任意一项所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所述刀盘体的外周部设有环状的外周冷冻管路(15)，所述外周冷冻管路(15)的中心轴与所述刀盘体的中心轴平行或共线。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所述冷冻部(11)具有套管式结构，且所述冷冻部(11)为朝向所述封闭腔(10)内部开口的半封闭结构，且所述冷冻部(11)的开口端连接所述冷冻管路(12)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所述刀盘体包括中心圆筒(4)和辐臂，所述辐臂包括主辐臂(1)和次辐臂(3)，所有所述主辐臂(1)以所述中心圆筒(4)为中心呈辐射状分布并连接于所述中心圆筒(4)，相邻所述主辐臂(1)之间通过环形梁(2)连接所述次辐臂 (3)，所述中心圆筒(4)与所述辐臂内均设有所述封闭腔(10)。
  10. 一种掘进机，包括掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，所述掘进机刀盘为权利要求1至9任意一项所述的掘进机刀盘。
  11. 一种换刀方法，应用于权利要求1至9任意一项所述的掘进机刀盘，其特征在于，包括：
    所述掘进机刀盘中的驱动装置驱动所述掘进机刀盘中的冷冻部(11)伸出所述掘进机刀盘中的安装孔且伸入于刀盘前面的掌子面中一定深度；
    向所述冷冻部(11)提供冷冻介质，以将所述掌子面的土体冷冻形成冷冻隔离层。
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