WO2020004183A1 - 流量制御方法および流量制御装置 - Google Patents
流量制御方法および流量制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020004183A1 WO2020004183A1 PCT/JP2019/024323 JP2019024323W WO2020004183A1 WO 2020004183 A1 WO2020004183 A1 WO 2020004183A1 JP 2019024323 W JP2019024323 W JP 2019024323W WO 2020004183 A1 WO2020004183 A1 WO 2020004183A1
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- control valve
- pressure
- flow rate
- flow
- control
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
- G01F1/363—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction with electrical or electro-mechanical indication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/001—Means for regulating or setting the meter for a predetermined quantity
- G01F15/003—Means for regulating or setting the meter for a predetermined quantity using electromagnetic, electric or electronic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/005—Valves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
- G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
- G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
- G05D7/0641—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means using a plurality of throttling means
- G05D7/0647—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means using a plurality of throttling means the plurality of throttling means being arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/004—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by piezoelectric means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flow control method and a flow control device, and more particularly to a flow control method and a flow control device suitably used in a semiconductor manufacturing device, a chemical plant, and the like.
- a pressure type flow rate control device is widely used because it can control the flow rates of various fluids with high accuracy by a relatively simple mechanism combining a control valve and a throttle (for example, an orifice plate). Further, the pressure type flow control device has an excellent flow control characteristic that stable flow control can be performed even when the primary supply pressure fluctuates greatly.
- the pressure type flow control device is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses a normally open type piezoelectric element driven valve used as a control valve.
- the pressure-type flow control device is configured to adjust the flow rate by controlling the fluid pressure on the upstream side of the throttle unit (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the upstream pressure).
- the upstream pressure can be controlled by adjusting the opening of a control valve provided on the upstream side of the throttle section, and by flowing the fluid at a desired flow rate by adjusting the upstream pressure to a pressure corresponding to the desired flow rate. Can be.
- an on-off valve may be provided on the downstream side of the orifice or on the upstream side near the orifice, and the on-off control may be performed.
- a downstream on-off valve is used, for example, for stopping supply of gas to the process chamber.
- ALD atomic layer Deposition
- a pulse-like flow control with a short cycle may be performed by repeating the opening / closing operation of a downstream opening / closing valve.
- the internal pressure of the flow passage may increase due to a minute leak of fluid through the control valve.
- the pressure of the fluid flowing before the valve closes may remain between the valves even after the valve closes, and a relatively high pressure may remain.
- the flow rate control is started again, the pressure in the flow path is high, so when the on-off valve on the downstream side is opened, the remaining pressure is released to the downstream side at a stretch, and the control at startup is performed. There is a problem that a so-called overshoot occurs in the flow rate.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that an exhaust line is provided between a control valve and an orifice and the upstream pressure is reduced by performing exhaust before the flow rate control. Have been. However, in the method described in Patent Document 3, it is necessary to separately provide an exhaust line and an on-off valve for the exhaust line, and there is a problem that an increase in cost and an increase in size of the apparatus are inevitable. Further, even if the exhaust is performed before the flow rate control, it is sometimes difficult to sufficiently improve the response at the time of the flow rate startup in the method of performing feedback control of the opening degree of the control valve based on the upstream pressure. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has a flow control method and a flow control capable of preventing overshoot at the time of starting a flow, improving responsiveness, and quickly controlling a set flow. Its primary purpose is to provide the device.
- a flow control method includes a first control valve provided in a flow path, a second control valve provided downstream of the first control valve, a downstream side of the first control valve, A flow rate control method performed when the flow rate is increased from zero to the first flow rate by using a flow rate control device including a pressure sensor that measures a fluid pressure on an upstream side of the second control valve, a) obtaining a pressure remaining downstream of the first control valve based on an output of the pressure sensor in a state where the second control valve is closed; and (b) obtaining a pressure remaining in the second control valve based on an output of the pressure sensor.
- a flow rate control device including a pressure sensor that measures a fluid pressure on an upstream side of the second control valve, a) obtaining a pressure remaining downstream of the first control valve based on an output of the pressure sensor in a state where the second control valve is closed; and (b) obtaining a pressure remaining in the second control valve based on an output of the pressure sensor.
- the residual pressure is obtained in a state where both the first control valve and the second control valve are closed.
- the flow control method described above includes a step of, when the pressure obtained based on the output of the pressure sensor in the step (a) is lower than a pressure corresponding to the first flow rate, Opening the first control valve until the pressure remaining downstream becomes higher than the pressure corresponding to the first flow rate, and closing the first control valve when the pressure exceeds the pressure corresponding to the first flow rate.
- the first control valve controls the opening of the first control valve to be the first flow rate based on the output of the pressure sensor.
- the second control valve is opened and the step (b) is performed when the pressure is smaller than the opening and the pressure obtained based on the output of the pressure sensor is equal to or higher than a threshold value.
- ⁇ is a proportional constant
- ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t is a pressure change which is a ratio of a time ⁇ t required for the upstream pressure change ⁇ P1 output by the pressure sensor to the upstream pressure change ⁇ P1.
- the rate, V is the internal volume between the first control valve and the second control valve
- the opening degree of the second control valve is controlled based on a signal output from the pressure sensor so as to match.
- the above-mentioned flow control method is characterized in that after performing the step (b), when the output of the pressure sensor drops to a predetermined value, the first control valve is controlled based on the output of the pressure sensor.
- the method further includes the step (c) of controlling the opening to flow the fluid downstream at the first flow rate.
- a flow control device includes a first control valve provided in a flow path, a second control valve provided downstream of the first control valve, and a downstream side of the first control valve.
- a pressure sensor for measuring a fluid pressure on an upstream side of the second control valve; and a control circuit for controlling operations of the first control valve and the second control valve, based on a signal output from the pressure sensor.
- a control circuit configured to control the flow rate by controlling the first control valve and the second control valve, wherein when the flow rate is increased from zero to the first flow rate, the control circuit includes: (a) Determining the pressure remaining downstream of the first control valve based on the output of the pressure sensor while the second control valve is closed (a) And (b) controlling the pressure remaining downstream of the first control valve based on the output of the pressure sensor by adjusting the opening of the second control valve, and controlling the pressure downstream of the second control valve. Flowing the fluid at the first flow rate (b).
- the flow rate control device further includes another pressure sensor provided downstream of the second control valve.
- a flow control device includes a first control valve provided in a flow path, a second control valve provided downstream of the first control valve, and a downstream side of the first control valve.
- a pressure sensor for measuring a fluid pressure on the upstream side of the second control valve, and when controlling the flow rate from the zero flow state to the first flow rate, the second control valve is closed and the flow rate becomes zero. Controlling the degree of opening of the second control valve based on the output of the pressure sensor, the rate of change in pressure remaining downstream of the first control valve, the flow rate when flowing out of the second control valve is The opening of the second control valve is controlled so as to match the rate of change of the pressure when the flow rate reaches the first flow rate.
- the first control valve when controlling the flow rate from the zero flow state to the first flow rate, the first control valve is closed.
- the first control valve when controlling the flow rate from the zero flow state to the first flow rate, is controlled to an opening degree smaller than the opening degree corresponding to the first flow rate.
- the opening degree of the second control valve is represented by ⁇ as a proportionality constant, and ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t as a ratio of a time ⁇ t required for the change ⁇ P1 of the upstream pressure output from the pressure sensor to the change ⁇ P1 of the upstream pressure.
- V the internal volume between the first control valve and the second control valve
- the flow rate control device further includes another pressure sensor provided downstream of the second control valve.
- a flow control device includes a first control valve provided in a flow path, a second control valve provided downstream of the first control valve, and a downstream side of the first control valve.
- a first pressure sensor that measures an upstream pressure that is a fluid pressure on an upstream side of the second control valve, and is configured to control a flow rate on a downstream side based on a signal output by the first pressure sensor.
- Q ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t) ⁇ V using the pressure remaining downstream of the first control valve, and the first pressure
- Q K 1 ⁇ P 1
- Q is a flow rate
- ⁇ is a proportional constant
- ⁇ P 1 / ⁇ t the upstream Pressure change of pressure Rate
- V is the internal volume
- K 1 is a constant which depends on the type of fluid and fluid temperature
- P1 is the upstream pressure output from the first pressure sensor between said first control valve and the second control valve .
- a flow control device includes a first control valve provided in a flow path, a second control valve provided downstream of the first control valve, and a downstream side of the first control valve.
- a first pressure sensor that measures an upstream pressure that is a fluid pressure on the upstream side of the second control valve; and a second pressure sensor that measures a downstream pressure that is a fluid pressure on the downstream side of the second control valve.
- the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are configured to control a flow rate on the downstream side based on signals output from the first and second pressure sensors.
- K 2 ⁇ P2 m (P1 -P2) is controlled by switching the control by the n, where, Q is the flow rate, alpha is a proportional constant, Delta] P1 / Delta] t is the rate of pressure change in the upstream pressure output by the first pressure sensor , V is the constant internal volume between the first control valve and the second control valve, K 2 depends on the type of fluid and fluid temperature, P1 is the upstream pressure, P2 is the second pressure sensor output The downstream pressures m and n are indices derived based on the actual flow rate.
- a flow control method includes a first control valve provided in a flow passage and having an adjustable opening, and a second control valve provided in a downstream side of the first control valve and having an adjustable opening.
- a throttle unit provided at a downstream side of the first control valve and having a fixed opening degree, and a pressure sensor for measuring a fluid pressure downstream of the first control valve and upstream of the second control valve or the throttle unit.
- a flow control method performed when the flow rate is changed from zero flow rate to a first flow rate that is more than zero, using the flow control device having the first and second control valves, wherein the first control valve and the second control valve are closed.
- the first control valve and the second control valve By adjusting the opening of the second control valve based on the output of the pressure sensor from the state where the flow rate is zero, the first control valve and the second control valve (A) flowing the fluid at the first flow rate downstream of the second control valve; and after the step (a), when the output of the pressure sensor drops to a predetermined value, the first control valve And flowing the fluid at the first flow rate downstream of the throttle section by controlling the opening of the first control valve based on the output of the pressure sensor.
- the throttle section and the second control valve are provided integrally, and constitute an orifice built-in valve.
- a flow rate control method and a flow rate control device capable of shortening the startup time while preventing overshoot at the time of startup of the flow rate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a flow control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure for explaining the flow control method at the time of flow step down by the embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a set flow, (b) is a control flow, (c) is upstream pressure P1, (d) is the first 1 is a control valve drive voltage, and (e) and (f) are graphs respectively showing a second control valve drive voltage.
- 4 is a flowchart illustrating a flow control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a flow control device 100 used for performing a flow control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the flow control device 100 includes a first control valve 6 provided in a flow path 1 of a gas G0 connected to a gas supply source (not shown), a throttle unit 2 provided downstream of the first control valve 6, The first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 provided on the downstream side of the throttle unit 2, and the pressure (upstream pressure P1) and the gas temperature T of the fluid between the first control valve 6 and the throttle unit 2 are respectively detected.
- a first or upstream pressure sensor 3 and a temperature sensor 5 are provided.
- the flow control device 100 of the present embodiment also includes the second or downstream pressure sensor 4 that measures the pressure downstream of the second control valve 8 (downstream pressure P2).
- the first pressure sensor 3 can measure an upstream pressure P1, which is a fluid pressure between the first control valve 6 and the throttle unit 2, and the second pressure sensor 4 is provided at a downstream side of the second control valve 8.
- the downstream pressure P2, which is the pressure, can be measured.
- the flow control device 100 may not include the second pressure sensor 4 and the temperature sensor 5.
- the throttle portion 2 and the second control valve 8 are integrally formed as an orifice built-in valve 9, and the throttle portion 2 and the valve body of the second control valve 8 are arranged close to each other.
- the throttle portion 2 can be disposed downstream of the valve body of the second control valve 8.
- the first pressure sensor 3 is a fluid pressure between the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8. The upstream pressure P1 will be measured.
- the throttle section 2 when the throttle section 2 is provided on the upstream side of the second control valve 8, when the flow rate is controlled, the fluid pressure between the first control valve 6 and the throttle section 2 is increased.
- a certain upstream pressure P1 is measured, when the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are closed, the upstream pressure P1 and the second control valve 8 are upstream of the throttle unit 2 (from the first control valve 6 to the throttle unit 2). Since the pressure is the same as that on the downstream side of the throttle unit 2 (from the throttle unit 2 to the second control valve 8), the first pressure sensor 3 detects the fluid pressure between the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 Will be measured.
- the first pressure sensor 3 may be disposed so as to detect the fluid pressure downstream of the first control valve 6 and upstream of the second control valve 8. May be measured, or the fluid pressure between the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 may be measured.
- the flow control device 100 further includes a control circuit 7 connected to the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8.
- the control circuit 7 controls the flow rate by controlling the opening of the first control valve 6 based on the signal output from the first pressure sensor 3, and controls the signal output from the first pressure sensor 3 when the flow rate starts up.
- the control circuit 7 may be built in the flow control device 100 or may be provided outside the flow control device 100.
- the control circuit 7 typically includes a processor such as a CPU, a memory (storage device) such as a ROM or a RAM, an A / D converter, and the like, and is configured to execute a flow control operation described later. It may include a computer program.
- the control circuit 7 can be realized by a combination of hardware and software.
- the control circuit 7 may include an interface for exchanging information with an external device such as a computer, so that the external device can write a program and data into the ROM. It is not necessary that all components of the control circuit 7 (CPU, etc.) are provided integrally in the apparatus. Some components such as the CPU are arranged in another place (outside the apparatus), and are connected by a bus. It is good also as a structure connected mutually. At this time, communication between the inside of the apparatus and the outside of the apparatus may be performed not only by wire but also wirelessly.
- the downstream side of the flow control device 100 configured as described above is connected to a process chamber of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus via, for example, a downstream valve (not shown).
- a vacuum pump is connected to the process chamber.
- a gas G1 whose flow rate is controlled is supplied from the flow control device 100 to the process chamber in a state where the inside of the process chamber is evacuated.
- the downstream valve for example, a known air-driven valve (Air Operated Valve) whose opening and closing operation is controlled by compressed air, and an on-off valve (on-off valve) such as a solenoid valve can be used.
- the throttle unit 2 is constituted by an orifice plate. Since the orifice cross-sectional area is fixed, the orifice plate functions as a throttle unit having a fixed opening. The orifice area may change unintentionally due to clogging or aging deterioration of the orifice, but in this specification, a throttle unit not intentionally configured to control the opening is used as a fixed opening. It is referred to as a division.
- the "throttle portion” means a portion where the cross-sectional area of the flow path is limited to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the front and rear flow paths, for example, an orifice plate, a critical nozzle, a sonic nozzle, a slit structure, and the like. Although it is comprised using, it can also be comprised using another thing.
- the diameter of the orifice or nozzle is set, for example, to 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- valves that can be adjusted to an arbitrary opening degree are used.
- a known piezoelectric element configured to open and close a metal diaphragm valve body using a piezo actuator.
- a driven valve is used.
- the opening of the piezoelectric element driven valve can be adjusted to an arbitrary opening by controlling the driving voltage to the piezoelectric element.
- the opening of the first control valve 6 is controlled based on the output from the first pressure sensor 3, and the upstream pressure P1 output from the first pressure sensor 3 is set. Feedback control is performed to maintain the value.
- the first control valve 6 is used as a main valve for flow control, that is, a main flow control valve. Although a normally closed valve is used here as the first control valve 6, a normally open valve may be used.
- the second control valve 8 is mainly used when switching the flow rate, for example, when starting the flow rate from zero to a low set flow rate, and is used for performing a build-down type flow control described later.
- the second control valve 8 may be kept fully open or open at least with an opening cross-sectional area larger than the opening area of the throttle unit 2 during normal flow control other than flow switching.
- a normally closed valve may be used, or a normally open valve may be used. If a normally open type valve is used as the second control valve 8, it is not necessary to apply a drive voltage during periods other than the zero flow period and the flow rising period, and low power consumption can be realized.
- the second control valve 8 can also be used for flow control other than when the flow rate is raised. For example, when the flow rate is changed from a high set flow rate to a low set flow rate, a build-down type flow rate is used. It can also be used to perform control. Such a flow control method is disclosed in International Application No. PCT / JP2019 / 16763 by the present applicant.
- the flow control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can perform the build-down type flow control using the second control valve 8 at the time of a flow rate rise such as a flow rate rise or a flow rate step down. Are configured.
- the second control valve 8 and the throttle unit 2 are provided integrally, and constitute the orifice built-in valve 9.
- the orifice built-in valve 9 is described in, for example, Patent Document 4, and in this embodiment, an orifice built-in valve having the same configuration as that of the related art can be used.
- the valve body of the second control valve 8 and the orifice plate as the throttle unit 2 are arranged close to each other, and the volume of the flow passage therebetween is reduced to a level that can be regarded as substantially zero. . For this reason, the use of the orifice built-in valve 9 can improve the rising and falling characteristics of the flow rate.
- the internal volume V between the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 can be considered to be substantially equivalent to the internal volume between the first control valve 6 and the orifice plate. . Therefore, as will be described later, when the flow rate control is performed using the above internal volume V, there is an advantage that an approximate internal volume V can be easily obtained with relatively high accuracy.
- any one of the throttle portion 2 (here, the orifice plate) and the second control valve 8 may be provided on the upstream side, but the portion between the throttle portion 2 and the second control valve 8 may be provided. It is desired that the volume (here, the space surrounded by the orifice plate, the diaphragm valve body of the second control valve 8 and the seat portion) be as small as possible.
- the orifice built-in valve 9 is a preferred embodiment for minimizing the volume.
- the flow rate control device 100 described above uses the principle that the flow rate is determined by the upstream pressure P1 when the critical expansion condition P1 / P2 ⁇ about 2 (in the case of argon gas) is satisfied in the normal flow rate control mode. Perform control.
- the critical expansion condition is satisfied
- K 1 is a constant depending on the type of fluid and the fluid temperature
- the flow rate Q is the upstream pressure It is proportional to P1.
- the second pressure sensor 4 is provided, the flow rate can be obtained by calculation even when the difference between the upstream pressure P1 and the downstream pressure P2 is small and the above-mentioned critical expansion condition is not satisfied.
- Q K 2 ⁇ P 2 m (P1 ⁇ P2) n (where K 2 depends on the type of the fluid and the fluid temperature)
- the flow rate Q can be obtained from the constants, m and n, which are indices derived based on the actual flow rate.
- a normal flow rate control mode when a set flow rate signal is sent from an external control device or the like to the control circuit 7, the control circuit 7 performs a critical expansion condition or a non-critical expansion condition based on the output of the first pressure sensor 3 and the like.
- the first control valve 6 is feedback-controlled so that the flow rate of the fluid passing through the throttle unit 2 approaches the set flow rate (that is, the difference between the calculated flow rate and the set flow rate approaches 0).
- the calculated flow rate may be displayed on a display device, for example, as a control flow rate output value.
- the flow control device 100 of the present embodiment can control the flow rate as described below when the flow rate is raised from the zero flow state to the first flow rate that is greater than zero.
- FIG. 2 shows (a) the set flow rate, (b) the control flow rate, (c) the upstream pressure P1, and (d) the first control valve 6 (the first valve) when the flow rate is raised by the flow rate control method of the present embodiment.
- E the drive voltage of the second control valve 8 (also referred to as a second valve) when it is normally open, and (f) the drive voltage of the second control valve 8 when it is normally closed.
- FIG. 2D shows the drive voltage when the first control valve 6 is a normally closed type (NC).
- FIGS. 2E and 2F show the drive voltage when the second control valve 8 is normally open (NO) and when it is normally closed (NC).
- the first control valve 6 has a smaller valve opening as the drive voltage is lower, and is completely closed (CLOSE) when no drive voltage of 0 is applied.
- the normally open second control valve 8 has a smaller valve opening as the drive voltage is higher, and is fully closed (CLOSE) when the drive voltage is maximum, and is fully open (OPEN) when the drive voltage is 0 (no voltage applied). State.
- the normally closed second control valve 8 has a smaller valve opening as the drive voltage is lower, and is completely closed (CLOSE) when the drive voltage is 0 (no voltage is applied), and is fully opened when the drive voltage is the maximum (CLOSE). OPEN).
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the set flow rate is increased from 0% to 10%, but is not limited to this.
- the flow rate control method of the present embodiment is suitable especially when starting from 0% to a low set flow rate (for example, 50% or less, typically 20% or less, specifically about 10%). Used.
- the upstream pressure may be expressed as a ratio with the upstream pressure as 100% when the flow rate value is 100%, considering that the flow rate and the upstream pressure P1 are proportional.
- the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are completely closed (CLOSE). However, if the gas is flowing at a desired flow rate before the gas supply is stopped, the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are closed even after the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are closed. Pressure remains in the flow path between them.
- a state is shown in which the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are closed after gas flows at a flow rate of 100%. In the embodiment, it is relatively high at 300 kPa abs.
- the second control is performed based on the output of the first pressure sensor 3 so that ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t matches the value corresponding to the 10% setting.
- the mode is switched to the build-down control mode in which the valve 8 is feedback-controlled.
- ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t is the ratio of the change ⁇ P1 of the upstream pressure P1 output by the first pressure sensor 3 to the time ⁇ t required for the change ⁇ P1 of the upstream pressure P1, and the rate of decrease of the upstream pressure P1 with respect to time (hereinafter, referred to as “P1”). Pressure change rate) or the slope of the pressure drop.
- the second control valve 8 and the throttle unit 2 are integrally provided in the form of a valve with a built-in orifice, the internal volume V is changed from the first control valve 6 to the throttle unit. It can be considered that the volume of the flow path is up to two.
- the internal volume V can be determined in advance from the diameter of the flow path on the downstream side of the first control valve 6 or the like. Further, from the state where the first control valve 6 is closed and the downstream side thereof is maintained at the vacuum pressure, the first control valve 6 is opened and the second control valve 8 is closed, and the internal volume V is stored in the space of the volume V. By measuring the pressure rise rate ( ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t) when the gas is introduced at the reference flow rate, the pressure rise rate can be obtained by calculation using the pressure rise rate method (for example, disclosed in Patent Document 5).
- the upstream valve is operated while the downstream side is maintained at a low pressure such as a vacuum pressure.
- T is the gas temperature (° C.)
- V is the above internal volume (l)
- ⁇ P is the magnitude of the pressure drop (Torr)
- ⁇ t is the time required for the pressure drop of ⁇ P (sec) ).
- ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t corresponding to a desired flow rate (that is, a target flow rate after the flow rate is raised, here, a 10% flow rate) is determined based on a known build-down method, and the determined ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t is determined.
- the second control valve 8 When the above-described build-down type flow control is applied to the second control valve 8, the second control valve 8 gradually opens after the time t0 and the control flow increases from zero, and ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t becomes 10% flow. After time t1 when the corresponding value is reached, control for maintaining ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t at a constant value is continuously performed. During this build-down flow control period, the first control valve 6 is maintained in a closed state, while the second control valve 8 maintains a constant ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t based on the output of the first pressure sensor 3. Thus, the opening degree is continuously adjusted by the feedback control.
- the residual gas flows out at a constant flow rate with a linear decrease in the upstream pressure P1.
- the output value of the first pressure sensor 3 decreases to the upstream pressure (here, 30 kPasabs) corresponding to the 10% flow rate in the normal flow rate control mode using the first control valve 6 is defined as time t2.
- the first control valve 6 opens to an opening corresponding to the 10% flow rate (an opening at which the pressure of the internal volume from the first control valve 6 to the throttle unit 2 is controlled to 30 kPa abs). Like that.
- the second control valve 8 is maintained in a fully opened state (OPEN), or is maintained in an opened state at least with an opening area larger than the opening area of the throttle unit 2.
- the flow control (build-down flow control) based on the measurement of ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t is performed using the second control valve 8, but at the time of starting the flow, the flow shifts to the build-down flow control mode. Thereafter, the operation is performed so as to switch to the normal flow control mode using the first control valve 6 when the predetermined pressure is reached.
- the residual pressure needs to be large to some extent. This is because when the residual pressure is too low, ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t cannot be controlled to a value suitable for the desired flow rate. Even when the target flow rate after startup is large, the residual pressure may be insufficient for the build-down flow rate control.
- the first control valve 6 may be opened to increase the residual pressure. More specifically, before shifting to the build-down flow rate control mode, first, the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are closed and the downstream of the first control valve is determined based on the output of the pressure sensor 3. When the obtained pressure is lower than the pressure corresponding to the target flow rate, the first control valve 6 is operated until the pressure remaining downstream of the first control valve 6 becomes higher than the pressure corresponding to the target flow rate. open. If the first control valve 6 is closed when the output of the pressure sensor 3 exceeds the pressure corresponding to the target flow rate, a sufficient residual pressure can be obtained before shifting to the build-down flow rate control mode. .
- the threshold value of the residual pressure and the threshold value of the target flow rate for shifting to the build-down flow rate control mode are set in advance.
- the flow may be shifted to a flow control mode, that is, a flow control mode in which the opening of the first control valve 6 is adjusted based on the output of the pressure sensor 3.
- the second control valve 8 may be controlled so as to be fully opened or open to an opening larger than the opening area of the throttle unit 2 in conjunction with the opening operation of the first control valve 6.
- an operation may be performed to quickly open the second control valve 8 to a certain opening before shifting to the build-down flow control mode.
- a table in which the residual pressure, the target flow rate, and the valve opening degree are associated with each other may be stored in a storage device or the like in advance, and the operation of the second control valve 8 may be controlled using the table.
- the opening of the second control valve 8 may be brought close to the vicinity of the opening according to the table, and then feedback control for maintaining ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t constant based on the output of the pressure sensor 3 may be performed.
- a plurality of parameters such as gas type, residual pressure, and control flow rate can be considered.
- a table corresponding to each parameter may be prepared, but a reference table is prepared and, for example, when the gas type is different, a correction coefficient corresponding to the gas type is provided and the difference between the gas types is provided. And the reference table may be corrected and used.
- the second control valve 8 can be brought close to the desired opening to some extent, so that the responsiveness of the second control valve 8 is improved and the control load is increased. Can be reduced.
- the control flow rate is rapidly increased in a short period (for example, 0.1 second) from time t0 to t1.
- a short period for example, 0.1 second
- excess pressure hardly occurs even when the flow rate is raised to a low set flow rate, and occurrence of overshoot can be prevented.
- the opening degree of the second control valve 8 the gas can be kept flowing stably at the flow rate after startup, and after the residual gas has decreased to the predetermined pressure, the first control valve 6 is opened. This allows the gas to continue flowing at the desired flow rate.
- step S1 of FIG. 3 first, at the time of 0% setting, the pressure sensor 3 is used while the first control valve 6 (first valve) and the second control valve 8 (second valve) are closed.
- the upstream pressure P1 when both valves are closed that is, the residual pressure, is measured.
- step S2 it is determined whether or not the measured upstream pressure P1 is equal to or greater than a threshold value Pth. If the upstream pressure P1 is equal to or larger than the threshold value Pth (YES), the flow shifts to the build-down flow control mode in step S4. On the other hand, when the upstream pressure P1 is less than the threshold value (NO), the operation of opening the first control valve 6 is performed until the upstream pressure P1 becomes equal to or more than the threshold value as in step S3-1. The first control valve 6 is closed as described above.
- the first control valve 6 is opened as shown in step S6 without shifting to the build-down flow control mode.
- the opening degree may be controlled directly based on the output of the pressure sensor, and the flow may directly shift to a normal flow rate control mode.
- step S5 When it is determined in step S5 that the output of the first pressure sensor 3 has reached the predetermined value (YES), the control is switched, and the first control valve 6 is set to the 10% flow rate as shown in step S6.
- the second control valve 8 is fully opened or the opening degree of the throttle unit 2 is increased to the corresponding opening degree or more. Thereby, the mode is switched to the normal flow control mode.
- the mode in which the first control valve 6 is maintained in the closed state after the start of the flow rate rise has been described, but is not limited thereto.
- the first control valve 6 opens to a state of a constant opening smaller than the opening corresponding to the target flow (for example, the opening corresponding to the 5% set flow).
- the state in which the gas flows at a flow rate lower than the target flow rate may be continued.
- the opening degree of the second control valve 8 is adjusted based on the output of the first pressure sensor 3 so that ⁇ P1 / ⁇ t maintains a predetermined value, the target is located downstream of the second control valve 8.
- the fluid may flow at a flow rate.
- the first control valve 6 is slightly opened even during the build-down flow rate control, the first control valve 6 can be more quickly opened to a desired opening when switching to the normal flow rate control mode at time t2. Therefore, the stability of the flow control can be improved.
- the flow rate method used in the build-down method is typically based on the premise that the upstream valve (first control valve 6) is closed, the upstream side is opened and the fluid is displaced.
- the flow rate equation is used as it is, there is a possibility that the flow rate control may not be performed properly.
- the flow rate equation may be corrected and used. Therefore, when the inflow amount is known, it can be regarded as substantially the same situation as when the upstream valve is closed.
- step S1 the mode in which the upstream pressure P1 is measured in a state where both the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are closed has been described. I can't.
- the second control valve 8 only needs to be closed, and the first control valve 6 changes the opening degree of the first control valve 6 based on the output of the pressure sensor 3 to the first flow rate. May be closed to an opening smaller than the opening at the time of control so as to be slightly open.
- the second control valve 8 since the first control valve 6 is open and the second control valve 8 is closed, the measurement pressure of the pressure sensor 3 increases, but when the pressure measured first is equal to or higher than the threshold, or When the increased measured pressure reaches or exceeds the threshold value, the second control valve 8 may be opened to perform the above-described build-down flow rate control. Further, the state where the first control valve 6 is slightly opened as described above may be continued as it is during the build-down flow rate control.
- the time when the first control valve 6 and the second control valve 8 are fully opened is set as 100% of the set flow rate.
- the degree state can be set to 100%.
- the upstream pressure P1 at the set flow rate of 100% is set to 300 kPasabs, and the upstream pressure P1 at the set flow rate of 10% is set to 30 kPa abs.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It goes without saying that the upstream pressure P1 has various values depending on the type of fluid and the like.
- the flow control method and the flow control device according to the embodiments of the present invention can be suitably used when supplying a material gas or the like in a semiconductor manufacturing process, particularly when starting up from a zero flow.
Abstract
Description
2 絞り部
3 第1圧力センサ
4 第2圧力センサ
5 温度センサ
6 第1コントロール弁
7 制御回路
8 第2コントロール弁
9 オリフィス内蔵弁
100 流量制御装置
Claims (17)
- 流路に設けられた第1コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側に設けられた第2コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側かつ前記第2コントロール弁の上流側の流体圧力を測定する圧力センサと、を備えた流量制御装置を用いて、流量ゼロから第1流量に流量を立上げるときに行う流量制御方法であって、
(a)前記第2コントロール弁を閉鎖した状態で、前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて前記第1コントロール弁の下流に残留する圧力を求めるステップ(a)と、
(b)前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて前記第2コントロール弁の開度を調整することによって、前記第1コントロール弁下流に残留する圧力を制御し、前記第2コントロール弁の下流側に前記第1流量で流体を流すステップ(b)と、
を含む、流量制御方法。 - 前記ステップ(a)において、前記第1コントロール弁と前記第2コントロール弁との両方を閉鎖した状態で前記残留する圧力を求める、請求項1に記載の流量制御方法。
- 前記ステップ(a)において、前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて求めた圧力が、前記第1流量に相当する圧力よりも低い場合、前記第1コントロール弁の下流に残留する圧力が前記第1流量に相当する圧力よりも高くなるまで前記第1コントロール弁を開き、前記第1流量に相当する圧力を越えた時点で前記第1コントロール弁を閉じるステップを更に含む、請求項2に記載の流量制御方法。
- 前記ステップ(a)において、前記第1コントロール弁は、前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて前記第1コントロール弁の開度を前記第1流量になるように制御する時の開度よりも小さい開度にしており、前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて求めた圧力が閾値以上であるときに、前記第2コントロール弁を開いて前記ステップ(b)を行う、請求項1に記載の流量制御方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)において、αを比例定数、ΔP1/Δtを前記圧力センサが出力する上流圧力の変化ΔP1と前記上流圧力の変化ΔP1に要した時間Δtの比である圧力変化率、Vを前記第1コントロール弁と前記第2コントロール弁との間の内容積としたとき、
Q=α・(ΔP1/Δt)・V
で表されるビルドダウン流量Qが前記第1流量に一致するように、前記第2コントロール弁の開度を前記圧力センサが出力する信号に基づいて制御する、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の流量制御方法。 - 前記ステップ(b)を行った後、前記圧力センサの出力が所定値まで低下した時点で、前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて前記第1コントロール弁の開度を制御して前記第1流量で下流に流体を流すステップ(c)をさらに包む、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の流量制御方法。
- 流路に設けられた第1コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側に設けられた第2コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側かつ前記第2コントロール弁の上流側の流体圧力を測定する圧力センサと、
前記第1コントロール弁および前記第2コントロール弁の動作を制御する制御回路であって、前記圧力センサが出力する信号に基づいて前記第1コントロール弁及び第2コントロール弁を制御することによって流量を制御するように構成された制御回路と
を備える流量制御装置であって、流量ゼロから第1流量に流量を立上げるとき、
前記制御回路は、
(a)前記第2コントロール弁を閉鎖した状態で、前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて第1コントロール弁下流に残留する圧力を求めるステップ(a)と、
(b)前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて、第1コントロール弁下流に残留する圧力を、前記第2コントロール弁の開度を調整することによって制御し、前記第2コントロール弁の下流側に第1流量で流体を流すステップ(b)と、
を実行する、流量制御装置。 - 前記第2コントロール弁の下流側に設けられた別の圧力センサをさらに備える、請求項7に記載の流量制御装置。
- 流路に設けられた第1コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側に設けられた第2コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側かつ前記第2コントロール弁の上流側の流体圧力を測定する圧力センサとを備え、
前記圧力センサが出力する信号に基づいて下流側の流量を制御する流量制御装置であって、
流量ゼロの状態から第1流量に流量を制御する際に、前記第2コントロール弁が閉鎖されて流量ゼロの状態から、前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて前記第2コントロール弁の開度を制御し、前記第1コントロール弁の下流に残留した圧力の変化率が、前記第2コントロール弁から流出する時の流量が前記第1流量になるときの圧力の変化率と一致するように、前記第2コントロール弁の開度を制御することを特徴とする、流量制御装置。 - 前記流量ゼロの状態から前記第1流量に流量を制御する際に、前記第1コントロール弁は閉鎖されている、請求項9に記載の流量制御装置。
- 前記流量ゼロの状態から前記第1流量に流量を制御する際に、前記第1コントロール弁は前記第1流量に対応する開度よりも小さい開度に制御される、請求項9に記載の流量制御装置。
- 前記第2コントロール弁の開度は、αを比例定数、ΔP1/Δtを前記圧力センサが出力する上流圧力の変化ΔP1と前記上流圧力の変化ΔP1に要した時間Δtの比である圧力変化率、Vを前記第1コントロール弁と前記第2コントロール弁との間の内容積としたとき、
Q=α・(ΔP1/Δt)・V
で表されるビルドダウン流量Qが前記第1流量に一致するように、前記圧力センサが出力する信号に基づいてフィードバック制御される、請求項9から11のいずれかに記載の流量制御装置。 - 前記第2コントロール弁の下流側に設けられた別の圧力センサをさらに備える、請求項9から12のいずれかに記載の流量制御装置。
- 流路に設けられた第1コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側に設けられた第2コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側かつ前記第2コントロール弁の上流側の流体圧力である上流圧力を測定する第1圧力センサとを備え、
前記第1圧力センサが出力する信号に基づいて下流側の流量を制御する流量制御装置であって、
流量ゼロから第1流量に流量を制御する際、前記第1コントロール弁下流に残留した圧力を用いて、
Q=α・(ΔP1/Δt)・V
によって流量を制御し、
前記第1圧力センサの圧力が、所定の圧力に到達した時点で、
Q=K1・P1
による制御に切り替えて制御することを特徴とし、ここで、Qは流量、αは比例定数、ΔP1/Δtは前記上流圧力の圧力変化率、Vは前記第1コントロール弁と前記第2コントロール弁との間の内容積、K1は流体の種類と流体温度に依存する定数、P1は前記第1圧力センサが出力する上流圧力である、流量制御装置。 - 前記第1圧力センサの圧力が、
Q=K1・P1
による制御における、前記第1流量に相当する圧力に到達した時点で制御を切り替えることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の流量制御装置。 - 流路に設けられた第1コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側に設けられた第2コントロール弁と、
前記第1コントロール弁の下流側かつ前記第2コントロール弁の上流側の流体圧力である上流圧力を測定する第1圧力センサと、
前記第2コントロール弁の下流側の流体圧力である下流圧力を測定する第2圧力センサと、を備え、
前記第1圧力センサ及び第2圧力センサが出力する信号に基づいて下流側の流量を制御する流量制御装置であって、
流量ゼロから第1流量に流量を制御する際、前記第1コントロール弁下流に残留した圧力を用いて、
Q=α・(ΔP1/Δt)・V
によって流量を制御し、
前記第1圧力センサ及び前記第2圧力センサに基づく圧力が、所定の圧力に到達した時点で、
Q=K2・P2m(P1-P2)n
による制御に切り替えて制御することを特徴とし、ここで、Qは流量、αは比例定数、ΔP1/Δtは前記第1圧力センサが出力する上流圧力の圧力変化率、Vは前記第1コントロール弁と前記第2コントロール弁との間の内容積、K2は流体の種類と流体温度に依存する定数、P1は前記上流圧力、P2は前記第2圧力センサが出力する下流圧力、mおよびnは実際の流量を元に導出される指数である、流量制御装置。 - 前記第1及び第2圧力センサの圧力が、
Q=K2・P2m(P1-P2)n
による制御における、前記第1流量に相当する圧力に到達した時点で制御を切り替えることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の流量制御装置。
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JP7369456B2 (ja) | 2023-10-26 |
US20210240208A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
KR102421587B1 (ko) | 2022-07-15 |
US11216016B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
KR20200093031A (ko) | 2020-08-04 |
JPWO2020004183A1 (ja) | 2021-07-08 |
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CN112272809A (zh) | 2021-01-26 |
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