WO2020003603A1 - 放射線検出器、及び放射線検出器の製造方法 - Google Patents
放射線検出器、及び放射線検出器の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020003603A1 WO2020003603A1 PCT/JP2019/006625 JP2019006625W WO2020003603A1 WO 2020003603 A1 WO2020003603 A1 WO 2020003603A1 JP 2019006625 W JP2019006625 W JP 2019006625W WO 2020003603 A1 WO2020003603 A1 WO 2020003603A1
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- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
- G01T1/247—Detector read-out circuitry
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/191—Photoconductor image sensors
- H10F39/195—X-ray, gamma-ray or corpuscular radiation imagers
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- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
- G01T1/241—Electrode arrangements, e.g. continuous or parallel strips or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
- H01G9/0036—Formation of the solid electrolyte layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2009—Solid electrolytes
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/30—Devices controlled by radiation
- H10K39/36—Devices specially adapted for detecting X-ray radiation
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
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- H10K71/15—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating characterised by the solvent used
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
- G01N2223/04—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission and measuring absorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/40—Imaging
- G01N2223/401—Imaging image processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/50—Detectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a radiation detector and a method of manufacturing the radiation detector.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a direct conversion type radiation detector including a radiation absorption layer formed of a perovskite material.
- the thickness of the radiation absorption layer be large.
- the movement distance of charges (electrons and holes) generated in the radiation absorbing layer due to the absorption of radiation is increased. There is a concern that talk will increase.
- the present disclosure provides a radiation detector capable of securing radiation absorption efficiency while suppressing a decrease in charge collection efficiency and an increase in crosstalk between a plurality of pixels, and a method for manufacturing such a radiation detector.
- the aim is to provide a method.
- a radiation detector includes a substrate having a first electrode portion, a radiation absorption layer which is disposed on one side with respect to the substrate, and includes a plurality of perovskite crystals, and a radiation absorption layer.
- a second electrode unit disposed on one side and opposed to the first electrode unit via the radiation absorbing layer, in a region between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit in the radiation absorbing layer,
- Each of the plurality of perovskite crystals is formed to extend with the first direction in which the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion face each other as a longitudinal direction.
- the radiation absorbing layer is composed of a plurality of perovskite crystals, and in a region between the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion of the radiation absorbing layer, each of the plurality of perovskite crystals is The first electrode portion and the second electrode portion are formed so as to extend in a first direction in which the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion face each other as a longitudinal direction.
- the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer is increased in order to secure radiation absorption efficiency, for example, when the first electrode portion is constituted by a plurality of first electrodes, the plurality of first electrodes are used.
- the charge collection efficiency and increase in crosstalk between the plurality of first electrodes are suppressed. Therefore, according to this radiation detector, it is possible to secure the radiation absorption efficiency while suppressing a decrease in the charge collection efficiency and an increase in crosstalk between a plurality of pixels.
- the length of the perovskite crystal in the first direction is equal to the length of the perovskite crystal in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction. If the width is 1, it may be 2 or more. As a result, it is possible to more reliably suppress a decrease in charge collection efficiency and an increase in crosstalk between a plurality of pixels.
- the length of the perovskite crystal in the first direction in the region between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit may be 10 ⁇ m or more. This makes it easier to increase the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer, so that radiation absorption efficiency can be easily and reliably ensured.
- the first electrode unit includes a plurality of first electrodes, and a region perpendicular to the first direction in a region between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit.
- the width of the perovskite crystal in the second direction may be equal to or smaller than the arrangement pitch of the plurality of first electrodes.
- the second electrode unit is configured by a plurality of second electrodes, and in a region between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit, in the first direction.
- the width of the perovskite crystal in the vertical second direction may be equal to or less than the arrangement pitch of the plurality of second electrodes.
- the abundance of perovskite crystals may be 80% or more in a region between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit. Thereby, the radiation absorption efficiency can be more reliably ensured.
- the perovskite crystal may be in contact with at least one other perovskite crystal in a region between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit.
- the length of the perovskite crystal in the first direction is smaller than the thickness of the radiation absorption layer in the first direction. You may. Thereby, even if the thickness of the radiation absorption layer is increased in order to secure radiation absorption efficiency, the radiation absorption layer composed of a plurality of perovskite crystals each extending with the first direction as a longitudinal direction can be reliably formed. Can be formed.
- the thickness of the radiation absorption layer in the first direction may be 100 ⁇ m or more. Therefore, the radiation absorption efficiency can be more reliably ensured.
- a method for manufacturing a radiation detector includes a first step of generating a mist from a solution containing a perovskite material, a second step of mixing the mist with a carrier gas, and a method of manufacturing a substrate having a first electrode unit.
- a carrier gas containing mist is sprayed, and a plurality of regions on the substrate corresponding to the first electrode portion are extended so that each extends in the thickness direction of the substrate in the longitudinal direction.
- a radiation detector including the above-described radiation absorbing layer can be manufactured.
- mist in the first step, mist may be generated from a solution by ultrasonic vibration. Thereby, a suitable mist can be easily and reliably generated.
- a diluent gas may be mixed with a carrier gas. This makes it possible to adjust the concentration of mist important for forming a plurality of perovskite crystals so as to extend with the thickness direction of the substrate as the longitudinal direction.
- the substrate in the third step, may be heated to a temperature of 110 ° C or higher and 170 ° C or lower. Thereby, a plurality of perovskite crystals extending with the thickness direction of the substrate as the longitudinal direction can be reliably formed.
- the substrate in the third step, may be heated to a temperature of 130 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less. Thereby, a plurality of perovskite crystals extending with the thickness direction of the substrate as the longitudinal direction can be formed more reliably.
- the carrier gas in the second step, may be supplied at a flow rate of 0.25 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min.
- the carrier gas in the second step, may be supplied at a flow rate of 0.30 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min.
- a solution containing the material may be generated.
- a solution containing the material may be generated.
- the substrate in the third step, may be heated with the temperature of the boiling point of the solution solvent plus 20 ° C. as the upper limit. Thereby, a plurality of perovskite crystals extending with the thickness direction of the substrate as the longitudinal direction can be reliably formed.
- a radiation detector capable of securing radiation absorption efficiency while suppressing a decrease in charge collection efficiency and an increase in crosstalk between a plurality of pixels, and manufacturing of such a radiation detector It is possible to provide a method.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the radiation detector according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the radiation detector of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the radiation detector of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the radiation absorbing layer when the temperature of the substrate is changed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the result of X-ray diffraction when the temperature of the substrate is changed.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the radiation absorbing layer when the flow rate of the carrier gas is changed.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the result of X-ray diffraction when the flow rate of the carrier gas is changed.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the radiation absorbing layer in Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the radiation absorbing layer in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the radiation absorbing layer in Examples 2 and 3.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining a mechanism when a plurality of long perovskite crystals are not formed.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining a mechanism when a plurality of long perovskite crystals are formed.
- the radiation detector 1 includes a panel (substrate) 10, a radiation absorbing layer 4, and an electrode 6.
- the radiation detector 1 is a solid-state imaging device that detects X-rays as radiation to form, for example, an X-ray transmission image.
- one electrode 6 forms a second electrode unit.
- the panel 10 has a support substrate 11 made of an insulating material such as glass and a functional layer 12 provided with a plurality of pixels P.
- Each pixel P includes an electrode 13, a capacitor 14, and a thin film transistor 15.
- a plurality of electrodes 13 constitute a first electrode unit.
- One electrode of the capacitor 14 is electrically connected to the electrode 13.
- the other electrode of the capacitor 14 is electrically connected to the ground potential.
- One current terminal of the thin film transistor 15 is electrically connected to a wiring that electrically connects one electrode of the capacitor 14 and the electrode 13.
- the other current terminal of the thin film transistor 15 is electrically connected to the read wiring R.
- the control terminal of the thin film transistor 15 is electrically connected to the row selection wiring Q.
- the thin film transistor 15 has a configuration as a field effect transistor (FET) or a bipolar transistor.
- FET field effect transistor
- the control terminal corresponds to a gate
- the current terminal corresponds to a source or a drain.
- the control terminal corresponds to a base
- the current terminal corresponds to a collector or an emitter.
- a plurality of pixels P are arranged in a matrix.
- the pixel P m, n means a pixel located at the m-th row and the n-th column.
- m is an integer from 1 to M (an integer of 2 or more) and n is an integer from 1 to N (an integer of 2 or more).
- the radiation absorbing layer 4 is disposed on the surface 10a on one side of the panel 10. That is, the radiation absorbing layer 4 is disposed on one side of the panel 10.
- the radiation absorbing layer 4 is composed of a plurality of perovskite crystals 40.
- the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 2 mm. When the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4 is 100 ⁇ m or more, the X-ray absorption efficiency is improved. When the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4 is 1 mm or less, the extinction of charges caused by X-ray absorption (that is, the extinction due to recombination of electrons and holes) is suppressed, and the charge collection efficiency is improved.
- the electrode 6 is arranged on the surface 4 a on one side of the radiation absorbing layer 4. That is, the electrode 6 is arranged on one side with respect to the radiation absorbing layer 4.
- the electrode 6 faces the plurality of electrodes 13 via the radiation absorbing layer 4.
- the electrode 6 is formed of a conductive material.
- the conductive material include metals such as aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, and titanium; tin-added indium oxide (ITO); fluorine-added tin oxide (FTO); tin oxide (SnO 2 ); and indium zinc oxide (IZO).
- an organic conductive material including a conductive metal oxide such as zinc oxide (ZnO), a conductive polymer, and the like.
- the radiation detector 1 configured as described above is used as follows. As shown in FIG. 2, the electrode 6 of the radiation detector 1 is electrically connected to a bias voltage supply power supply 21. A bias voltage is applied to the electrodes 6 by a bias voltage supply power supply 21 so that a negative potential difference is generated between the plurality of electrodes 13 included in the panel 10. Row selecting wiring of the radiation detector 1 Q m is electrically connected to the gate driver 22. Readout wiring R n of the radiation detector 1, charge - via a voltage converter group 23 is electrically connected to a multiplexer 24. The multiplexer 24 is electrically connected to an image processing unit 25, and the image processing unit 25 is electrically connected to an image display unit 26. Note that the gate driver 22, the charge-voltage converter group 23, the multiplexer 24, and the like may be formed on the panel 10 as the configuration of the radiation detector 1.
- the radiation absorption layer 4 Charges (electrons and holes) are generated according to the amount of absorption of the line. Electrons generated in the radiation absorbing layer 4 are collected by the electrode 13 of each pixel P and stored in the capacitor 14 of each pixel P. On the other hand, holes generated in the radiation absorbing layer 4 are collected by the electrode 6.
- the gate driver 22 a control signal via the m-th row of the row selecting wiring Q m and is transmitted, each pixel P m of the m rows, n of the thin film transistor 15 is turned ON.
- the gate driver 22 sequentially performed for every row selecting wiring Q m the transmission of the control signal.
- the charges (electrons) accumulated in the capacitors 14 of the pixels P m, n in the m-th row are input to the charge-voltage converter group 23 via the corresponding readout wiring R n , and the charges A voltage signal corresponding to the amount is input to the multiplexer 24.
- the multiplexer 24 sequentially outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the amount of charge stored in the capacitor 14 of each pixel Pm, n to the image processing unit 25.
- the image processing unit 25 forms an X-ray transmission image of the imaging target based on the voltage signal input from the multiplexer 24, and causes the image display unit 26 to display the X-ray transmission image.
- the perovskite crystal 40 is formed to extend with the direction (first direction) D ⁇ b> 1 as a longitudinal direction.
- the direction is a direction along the direction D1.
- the perovskite crystal 40 can be said to be a columnar crystal or a long crystal extending in the direction D1 or a columnar crystal or a long crystal extending along the direction D1.
- the perovskite crystal 40 is, for example, a polycrystal of a perovskite material.
- the direction D1 is a direction in which the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 face each other, and coincides with the thickness direction of the panel 10.
- the length of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D1 is determined by the width of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction (second direction) D2 perpendicular to the direction D1. If it is 1, it is 2 or more. In the region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4, the length of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D1 is 10 ⁇ m or more. In the region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4, the length of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D1 is smaller than the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4 in the direction D1. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4 in the direction D1 is 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the width of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D2 is equal to or less than the arrangement pitch of the plurality of electrodes 13. In the region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4, the width of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D2 is 50 ⁇ m or less. In the region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4, the abundance of the perovskite crystals 40 is 80% or more.
- the perovskite crystal 40 is in contact with at least one other perovskite crystal 40.
- the arrangement pitch of the plurality of electrodes 13 means a distance between centers of adjacent electrodes 13.
- the abundance ratio of the perovskite crystal 40 in a certain region means the ratio of the volume of the plurality of perovskite crystals 40 existing in the region to the volume of the region.
- the shape, length, width and abundance of the above-described perovskite crystal 40 can be confirmed as follows. First, the region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrode 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4 is divided into four equal parts in the direction D2, and the region is equally divided into four parts in the direction perpendicular to the direction D1 and the direction D2. Then, the radiation absorbing layer 4 is cut. Then, on each cut surface of the radiation absorbing layer 4 (a pair of cut surfaces facing each other may be any one of the cut surfaces), a cross-sectional area between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 is observed. The shape, length, width, and abundance of the perovskite crystal 40 in the cross-sectional area can be estimated as the shape, length, width, and abundance of the perovskite crystal 40 described above. [Action and effect]
- the radiation absorbing layer 4 is constituted by a plurality of perovskite crystals 40, and each of the plurality of perovskite crystals 40 is located in a region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4.
- the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 are formed so as to extend in a direction in which the electrodes D and 6 face each other as a longitudinal direction.
- the reason why the decrease in the charge collection efficiency of the plurality of electrodes 13 is suppressed is that the movement speed of the charges is increased by reducing the grain boundary gap in the radiation absorbing layer 4. Therefore, according to the radiation detector 1, it is possible to secure the radiation absorption efficiency while suppressing the decrease in the charge collection efficiency and the increase in the crosstalk between the pixels P.
- the length of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D1 is set such that the width of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D2 perpendicular to the direction D1 is 1. , 2 or more.
- the length of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D1 is more preferably 20 or more, where the width of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D2 is 1.
- the length of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D1 is 10 ⁇ m or more. This makes it easier to increase the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4, so that radiation absorption efficiency can be easily and reliably ensured.
- the width of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D2 perpendicular to the direction D1 is equal to or less than the arrangement pitch of the plurality of electrodes 13.
- the abundance of the perovskite crystals 40 is 80% or more. Thereby, the radiation absorption efficiency can be more reliably ensured.
- the perovskite crystal 40 is in contact with at least one other perovskite crystal 40. Thereby, the radiation absorption efficiency can be more reliably ensured.
- the length of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D1 is smaller than the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4 in the direction D1.
- the thickness of the radiation absorbing layer 4 in the direction D1 is 100 ⁇ m or more. Thereby, the radiation absorption efficiency can be more reliably ensured.
- a perovskite material is dissolved in a solvent to generate a precursor solution.
- the solvent is, for example, an organic solvent such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the like.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the perovskite material, and may be composed of one type of solvent or may be composed of two or more types of solvents.
- the generated precursor solution S is put into the atomization container 51, and mist M is generated from the precursor solution S by ultrasonic vibration. That is, the mist M is generated from the precursor solution S, which is a solution containing the perovskite material, by ultrasonic vibration (first step).
- the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is, for example, 2.4 MHz.
- the size of the mist M can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration. If the particle size of the mist M exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the sedimentation speed of the mist M in the air exceeds 1 mm / sec and the mist M cannot stay in the air, so that the particle size is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the mist M, the carrier gas G1, and the diluent gas G2 are mixed by flowing the carrier gas G1 and the diluent gas G2. Is carried to the nozzle 53 via the flow path 52. That is, the mist M and the dilution gas G2 are mixed with the carrier gas G1 (second step).
- the mist M, the carrier gas G1, and the dilution gas G2 are mixed, and this mixed gas is referred to as a carrier gas G1 containing the mist M.
- the carrier gas G1 containing the mist M is blown from the nozzle 53 onto the panel 10 set on the stage 54 with a heating device and heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 200 ° C.).
- a predetermined temperature for example, 150 to 200 ° C.
- the panel 10 is reciprocated, for example, with respect to the nozzle 53, and a predetermined amount of the mist M is attached to the surface 10a of the panel 10.
- the radiation absorbing layer 4 composed of the plurality of perovskite crystals 40 is formed on the surface 10a of the panel 10.
- the carrier gas G1 containing the mist M is blown onto the panel 10 in a state where the panel 10 is heated, and each of the areas on the panel 10 corresponding to the plurality of electrodes 13 is applied in the thickness direction of the panel 10.
- the radiation absorbing layer 4 composed of the plurality of perovskite crystals 40 is formed on one side of the panel 10 (third step).
- the attachment of the mist M to the surface 10a of the panel 10 and the volatilization of the solvent from the mist M are repeated, so that the plurality of perovskite crystals 40 are formed on the surface 10a of the panel 10. It is formed.
- the mist M is a droplet of a micro size order or a sub micro size order. Droplets of this size are referred to as "droplet particulates" and have a liquid and gaseous nature. For this reason, it is possible to form a film by a vapor deposition method while maintaining the periphery of the surface 10a of the panel 10 as a solvent atmosphere. As a result, a plurality of perovskite crystals 40 are formed on surface 10a of panel 10 so as to extend with the thickness direction of panel 10 as the longitudinal direction.
- the nozzle 53 may be operated, or the nozzle 53 and the stage 54 may not be operated.
- the formation region of the radiation absorbing layer 4 may be patterned.
- the electrode 6 is formed on the surface 4a of the radiation absorbing layer 4. That is, the electrodes 6 facing the plurality of electrodes 13 via the regions corresponding to the plurality of electrodes 13 in the region on the panel 10 are formed on one side of the radiation absorbing layer 4 (fourth step).
- the electrode 6 can be formed using spray coating, screen printing, spin coating, or the like. Alternatively, the electrode 6 can be formed using an evaporation method, a sputtering method, or the like.
- the radiation detector 1 is obtained. According to the method for manufacturing the radiation detector 1 described above, the radiation detector 1 including the radiation absorption layer 4 as described above can be manufactured.
- mist M is generated from precursor solution S by ultrasonic vibration. Thereby, suitable mist M can be easily and reliably generated.
- the dilution gas G2 is mixed with the carrier gas G1.
- the concentration of the mist M important for forming the plurality of perovskite crystals 40 can be adjusted so as to extend with the thickness direction of panel 10 as the longitudinal direction.
- the radiation absorbing layer 4 includes a plurality of perovskite crystals 40 formed so as to extend in the direction D1 in the region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4. If so, a part thereof may include non-elongated crystals, voids, and the like. In particular, in a region other than the region between the plurality of electrodes 13 and the electrodes 6 in the radiation absorbing layer 4 (for example, the outer edge region of the radiation absorbing layer 4 when viewed from the direction D1), the direction D1 is set as the longitudinal direction.
- the plurality of perovskite crystals 40 formed to extend may not be included.
- the radiation detector 1 may be configured to detect radiation other than X-rays. Further, a bias voltage may be applied to the electrode 6 so that a positive potential difference is generated with respect to the plurality of electrodes 13 included in the panel 10. In that case, each electrode 13 collects holes generated in the radiation absorption layer 4 due to absorption of X-rays.
- the second electrode portion is configured by one electrode 6 facing the plurality of electrodes 13 via the radiation absorbing layer 4. However, the second electrode portion forms the radiation absorbing layer 4. It may be constituted by a plurality of electrodes 6 opposed to a plurality of electrodes 13 through the same. In that case, each electrode 6 only needs to face at least one electrode 13 via the radiation absorbing layer 4.
- the plurality of electrodes 13 forming the first electrode unit have a function as a pixel electrode.
- the plurality of electrodes 6 forming the second electrode unit have a function as a pixel electrode.
- the first electrode portion may be configured by at least one electrode 13 facing the plurality of electrodes 6 via the radiation absorbing layer 4.
- the width of the perovskite crystal 40 in the direction D2 perpendicular to the direction D1 is equal to or less than the arrangement pitch of the plurality of electrodes 6. You may.
- the arrangement pitch of the plurality of electrodes 6 means a distance between centers of adjacent electrodes 6.
- the support substrate 11 not only a glass substrate but also a silicon substrate or the like can be used.
- the CMOSASIC may be configured using an FET formed on a silicon substrate instead of the thin film transistor. That is, the panel 10 is not limited to the above-described configuration as long as it has a plurality of electrodes 13.
- the radiation detector 1 may include a moisture-proof layer that covers the outer surfaces of the panel 10, the radiation absorbing layer 4, and the electrode 6.
- a moisture-proof layer can be obtained by forming a resin film by vapor deposition or the like, or by forming an oxide film or a nitride film by ALD, CVD, or the like.
- the mist M is generated from the precursor solution S by ultrasonic vibration.
- the carrier gas G1 having a flow rate increased by applying pressure collides with the precursor solution S.
- a rotating disk type (a method in which the precursor solution S is dropped on a disk rotating at a high speed to generate mist M by centrifugal force), and an orifice vibration type (a method in which the mist M is generated between orifice plates).
- a vibration is applied by a piezoelectric element or the like to generate the mist M), and an electrostatic method (method of generating a mist M by applying a voltage to a thin tube for spraying the precursor solution S).
- the mist M may be generated from the precursor solution S.
- the components of the radiation detector 1 are not limited to the above-described examples of the materials and shapes, and various materials and shapes can be applied.
- each configuration in one embodiment or the modification described above can be arbitrarily applied to each configuration in another embodiment or the modification. [Examples and Comparative Examples]
- a substrate made of borosilicate glass having a thickness of 0.7 mm was prepared, and a radiation absorbing layer was formed on the surface of the substrate under the conditions shown in Table 1 below.
- a radiation absorbing layer was formed on the surface of the substrate while changing only the temperature of the substrate.
- the flow rate verification only the flow rate of the carrier gas was changed to form a radiation absorbing layer on the surface of the substrate.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorbing layer when the temperature of the substrate is changed.
- SEM image shows a case where the substrate temperature is 110 ° C.
- (b) shows a case where the substrate temperature is 130 ° C.
- (c) shows a case where the substrate temperature is 150 ° C.
- (d) shows a case where the substrate temperature is 150 ° C. Is 160 ° C.
- (e) is a case where the substrate temperature is 170 ° C.
- (f) is a case where the substrate temperature is 190 ° C.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the result of X-ray diffraction when the temperature of the substrate is changed.
- a plurality of perovskite crystals each extending in the thickness direction of the substrate as a longitudinal direction are surely formed.
- a temperature of 110 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less in the third step described above.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorbing layer when the flow rate of the carrier gas is changed.
- SEM image shows a case where the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.25 L / min
- (b) shows a case where the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.30 L / min
- (c) shows a case where the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.35 L / min.
- D when the carrier gas flow rate is 0.40 L / min
- e when the carrier gas flow rate is 0.45 L / min
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the result of X-ray diffraction when the flow rate of the carrier gas is changed.
- the carrier gas is supplied in the second step at a rate of 0.25 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min. It was found that it is preferable to supply at a flow rate of. Further, in order to more reliably form a plurality of long perovskite crystals, it is preferable to supply the carrier gas at a flow rate of 0.30 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min in the above-described second step. I found out.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
- the saturation solubility of DMF is smaller than the saturation solubility of DMSO. If the mixing ratio of DMF to DMSO is too large when producing the body solution, the amount of dew condensation of the mist in the flow channel increases, which may adversely affect the formation of a plurality of long perovskite crystals. .
- the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is preferably from 100 kHz to 10 MHz, more preferably from 1 MHz to 5 MHz.
- the above numerical ranges are examples showing preferable numerical ranges or more preferable numerical ranges. Even if the temperature of the substrate is increased, if the supply amount of the perovskite material to the substrate is increased by increasing the flow rate of the carrier gas or increasing the concentration of the perovskite material in the solution, the substrate has a long shape. A plurality of perovskite crystals can be formed. For example, even if the substrate is heated to a temperature of + 20 ° C. of the boiling point of the solvent, if the supply amount of the perovskite material to the substrate is increased, a plurality of elongated perovskite crystals can be formed.
- the substrate In order to surely form a plurality of long perovskite crystals, it is preferable to heat the substrate with the upper limit of the temperature of the boiling point of the solvent + 20 ° C. in the third step.
- the boiling point of the solvent means the boiling point of the solvent having the highest boiling point.
- the substrate in which DMSO and DMF are mixed, since the boiling point of DMSO is 189 ° C. and the boiling point of DMF is 153 ° C., it is preferable to heat the substrate with 209 ° C. (189 ° C. + 20 ° C.) as an upper limit. .
- a substrate made of borosilicate glass having a thickness of 0.7 mm was prepared, and a radiation absorbing layer was formed on the surface of the substrate under the conditions shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1 As a result, in Example 1, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, a plurality of elongated perovskite crystals were formed.
- Example 1 satisfies the above-described more preferable conditions (130 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less) regarding the temperature of the substrate and more preferable conditions (0.30 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min) regarding the flow rate of the carrier gas.
- the left side is a plan view (SEM image) of the radiation absorbing layer
- the right side is a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorbing layer.
- Comparative Example 1 As shown in FIG. 9A, a plurality of long perovskite crystals were not formed. In Comparative Example 1, it is assumed that the density of the mist is increased and the drying speed of the mist is increased as compared with Example 1. Comparative Example 1 does not satisfy the above-mentioned preferable conditions regarding the temperature of the substrate (110 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less) and the preferable conditions regarding the flow rate of the carrier gas (0.25 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min).
- the left side is a plan view (SEM image) of the radiation absorption layer
- the right side is a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorption layer.
- Comparative Example 2 As shown in FIG. 9B, a plurality of long perovskite crystals were not formed.
- the concentration of the precursor in the mist, the density of the mist, and the moving speed of the stage are higher than those in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 satisfies the more preferable condition (130 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less) regarding the temperature of the substrate, but the preferable condition (0.25 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min) regarding the flow rate of the carrier gas described above. ) Is not satisfied.
- the left side is a plan view (SEM image) of the radiation absorption layer
- the right side is a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorption layer.
- Comparative Example 3 As shown in FIG. 9C, a plurality of long perovskite crystals were not formed.
- the concentration of the precursor in the mist, the density of the mist, and the moving speed of the stage are higher than those in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 3 does not satisfy the above-described preferable conditions regarding the temperature of the substrate (110 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less) and the preferable conditions regarding the flow rate of the carrier gas (0.25 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min).
- the left side is a plan view (SEM image) of the radiation absorption layer
- the right side is a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorption layer.
- Example 2 and 3 a plurality of elongated perovskite crystals were formed as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, respectively.
- the flow rate of the carrier gas is increased, the amount of mist carried is increased. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the flow rate of the diluent gas is increased (that is, the density of the mist is reduced) as compared with the second embodiment, and the balance is achieved.
- the second embodiment does not satisfy the above-described preferable condition (110 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less) regarding the temperature of the substrate, but more preferable condition (0.30 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min) regarding the flow rate of the carrier gas described above. ).
- Example 3 does not satisfy the above-mentioned preferable condition (110 ° C. or more and 170 ° C. or less) regarding the temperature of the substrate and the preferable condition (0.25 L / min or more and less than 0.45 L / min) regarding the flow rate of the carrier gas.
- a plurality of long perovskite crystals could be formed.
- the left side is a plan view (SEM image) of the radiation absorbing layer
- the right side is a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorbing layer.
- FIG. 10B shows only a cross-sectional view (SEM image) of the radiation absorbing layer.
- a glass other than borosilicate glass, a substrate made of ITO, Pt, or the like, a semiconductor substrate made of Si or the like, an integrated circuit, or the like may be used as the substrate.
- FIG. 12A when a plurality of elongate perovskite crystals 40 are formed, as shown in FIG. 12A, when the mist M adheres to the surface of the substrate 100, FIG. As shown, the solvent 101 evaporates from the mist M while the mist M shrinks inward, so that the central part of the mist M does not become thin, and the perovskite material 102 becomes circular as shown in FIG. Precipitates in shape.
- the deposition of the mist M thereon and the volatilization of the solvent 101 from the mist M that is, the deposition of the perovskite material 102 are repeated, so that the perovskite material 102 becomes long. It is assumed that a plurality of perovskite crystals 40 exhibiting a scale shape are likely to grow.
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Abstract
Description
[放射線検出器の構成]
[ペロブスカイト結晶の構成]
[作用及び効果]
[放射線検出器の製造方法]
[変形例]
[実施例及び比較例]
Claims (19)
- 第1電極部を有する基板と、
前記基板に対して一方の側に配置され、複数のペロブスカイト結晶によって構成された放射線吸収層と、
前記放射線吸収層に対して前記一方の側に配置され、前記放射線吸収層を介して前記第1電極部と対向する第2電極部と、を備え、
前記放射線吸収層のうち前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の領域において、前記複数のペロブスカイト結晶のそれぞれは、前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部とが対向する第1方向を長手方向として延在するように形成されている、放射線検出器。 - 前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記第1方向における前記ペロブスカイト結晶の長さは、前記第1方向に垂直な第2方向における前記ペロブスカイト結晶の幅を1とすると、2以上である、請求項1に記載の放射線検出器。
- 前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記第1方向における前記ペロブスカイト結晶の長さは、10μm以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の放射線検出器。
- 前記第1電極部は、複数の第1電極によって構成されており、
前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記第1方向に垂直な第2方向における前記ペロブスカイト結晶の幅は、前記複数の第1電極の配列ピッチ以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器。 - 前記第2電極部は、複数の第2電極によって構成されており、
前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記第1方向に垂直な第2方向における前記ペロブスカイト結晶の幅は、前記複数の第2電極の配列ピッチ以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器。 - 前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記ペロブスカイト結晶の存在率は、80%以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器。
- 前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記ペロブスカイト結晶は、少なくとも1つの他の前記ペロブスカイト結晶と接触している、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器。
- 前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記第1方向における前記ペロブスカイト結晶の長さは、前記第1方向における前記放射線吸収層の厚さよりも小さい、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器。
- 前記第1電極部と前記第2電極部との間の前記領域において、前記第1方向における前記放射線吸収層の厚さは、100μm以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器。
- ペロブスカイト材料を含む溶液からミストを生成する第1工程と、
前記ミストをキャリアガスに混合する第2工程と、
第1電極部を有する基板に対し、前記基板を加熱した状態で、前記ミストを含む前記キャリアガスを吹き付け、前記基板上の領域のうち前記第1電極部に対応する領域に、それぞれが前記基板の厚さ方向を長手方向として延在するように複数のペロブスカイト結晶を形成し、前記複数のペロブスカイト結晶によって構成された放射線吸収層を、前記基板に対して一方の側に形成する第3工程と、
前記第1電極部に対応する前記領域を介して前記第1電極部と対向する第2電極部を、前記放射線吸収層に対して前記一方の側に形成する第4工程と、を備える、放射線検出器の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程においては、超音波振動によって前記溶液から前記ミストを生成する、請求項10に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第2工程においては、希釈ガスを前記キャリアガスに混合する、請求項10又は11に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第3工程においては、前記基板を110℃以上170℃以下の温度に加熱する、請求項10~12のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第3工程においては、前記基板を130℃以上170℃以下の温度に加熱する、請求項13に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第2工程においては、前記キャリアガスを0.25L/分以上0.45L/分未満の流量で供給する、請求項10~14のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第2工程においては、前記キャリアガスを0.30L/分以上0.45L/分未満の流量で供給する、請求項15に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程においては、DMSO:DMF=1:0以上10以下の体積比でDMSO及びDMFを含む溶媒に前記ペロブスカイト材料を溶解させることで、前記ペロブスカイト材料を含む前記溶液を生成する、請求項10~16のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程においては、DMSO:DMF=1:0以上5以下の体積比でDMSO及びDMFを含む溶媒に前記ペロブスカイト材料を溶解させることで、前記ペロブスカイト材料を含む前記溶液を生成する、請求項17に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
- 前記第3工程においては、前記溶液の溶媒の沸点+20℃の温度を上限値として前記基板を加熱する、請求項10~18のいずれか一項に記載の放射線検出器の製造方法。
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| FI20206250A FI131400B1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-02-21 | Radiation detector and method for producing a radiation detector |
| DE112019003191.0T DE112019003191T5 (de) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-02-21 | Strahlungsdetektor und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Strahlungsdetektor |
| JP2020527192A JP7264402B2 (ja) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-02-21 | 放射線検出器、及び放射線検出器の製造方法 |
| US17/252,595 US12140715B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-02-21 | Radiation detector and method for manufacturing radiation detector |
| CN201980042656.0A CN112313543B (zh) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-02-21 | 放射线检测器、及放射线检测器的制造方法 |
| KR1020207033359A KR102724978B1 (ko) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-02-21 | 방사선 검출기, 및 방사선 검출기의 제조 방법 |
| JP2023061252A JP7446592B2 (ja) | 2018-06-26 | 2023-04-05 | 放射線検出器、及び放射線検出器の製造方法 |
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| WO2021241084A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 放射線検出装置、及び該放射線検出装置と画像変換部とを備える放射線像撮像装置 |
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| WO2022030156A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電離放射線変換デバイス、電離放射線の検出方法、及び電離放射線変換デバイスの製造方法 |
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| JP2023552144A (ja) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-12-14 | アーエムエス インターナショナル アーゲー | 集積検出器装置および集積検出器装置の製造方法 |
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| CN114981685A (zh) * | 2020-02-26 | 2022-08-30 | 深圳帧观德芯科技有限公司 | 半导体辐射检测器 |
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| WO2021241084A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 放射線検出装置、及び該放射線検出装置と画像変換部とを備える放射線像撮像装置 |
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| WO2022030158A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電離放射線変換デバイスおよび電離放射線の検出方法 |
| WO2022030156A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電離放射線変換デバイス、電離放射線の検出方法、及び電離放射線変換デバイスの製造方法 |
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| WO2022030157A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電離放射線変換デバイスおよび電離放射線の検出方法 |
| JP2023552144A (ja) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-12-14 | アーエムエス インターナショナル アーゲー | 集積検出器装置および集積検出器装置の製造方法 |
| US12628446B2 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2026-05-12 | Ams International Ag | Integrated detector device and method of manufacturing an integrated detector device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2020003603A1 (ja) | 2021-07-08 |
| TW202001291A (zh) | 2020-01-01 |
| US12140715B2 (en) | 2024-11-12 |
| CN112313543A (zh) | 2021-02-02 |
| JP7446592B2 (ja) | 2024-03-11 |
| FI20206250A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
| KR102724978B1 (ko) | 2024-11-04 |
| FI131400B1 (en) | 2025-04-01 |
| DE112019003191T5 (de) | 2021-04-29 |
| KR20210024447A (ko) | 2021-03-05 |
| JP7264402B2 (ja) | 2023-04-25 |
| US20210255341A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
| TWI813632B (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
| JP2023076629A (ja) | 2023-06-01 |
| CN112313543B (zh) | 2024-12-31 |
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