WO2020000996A1 - 叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片 - Google Patents

叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020000996A1
WO2020000996A1 PCT/CN2019/070082 CN2019070082W WO2020000996A1 WO 2020000996 A1 WO2020000996 A1 WO 2020000996A1 CN 2019070082 W CN2019070082 W CN 2019070082W WO 2020000996 A1 WO2020000996 A1 WO 2020000996A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
air pressure
pressure value
pressure
preset
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/070082
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李小明
Original Assignee
江苏金风科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏金风科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏金风科技有限公司
Priority to AU2019296572A priority Critical patent/AU2019296572B2/en
Priority to US17/056,411 priority patent/US20210215570A1/en
Priority to EP19824790.0A priority patent/EP3783329B1/en
Publication of WO2020000996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020000996A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0016—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of aircraft wings or blades
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wind power technology, and in particular, to a method, a monitoring system, and a blade for monitoring a cracked state of a blade.
  • the cost of the blades accounts for about 20% of the whole machine. With the increasing size of the blades, the cost of repairing and replacing offshore blades and foreign blades is high, and the cycle is long. The owners of the venues are large and have security risks.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a method, a monitoring system, and a blade for monitoring the cracking state of a blade, which can monitor the cracking state of the blade and have a low false positive rate.
  • the blade includes a plurality of blade components and a connecting body, and the plurality of blade components are connected to each other through the connecting body to form a cavity.
  • the monitoring method includes: providing a pressure transmitting component, and pressure.
  • the transmission component includes a side wall, a hollow space surrounded by the side wall, and an opening opened on the side wall and communicating with the hollow space; forming a closed cavity, and placing the pressure transmission component at the connection between the blade part and the connecting body in the cavity , And fixed by the connecting body, so that the opening peripheral area of the pressure transmission component and the corresponding blade component are sealed and connected to each other, the pressure transmission component and the blade component together form a closed cavity with a preset air pressure value; to detect the actual air pressure, use a detector The actual air pressure value in the closed cavity is detected; the cracking state is determined, and the cracking state of the blade is determined according to the actual air pressure value and a preset air pressure value.
  • a blade cracking condition monitoring system in another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, includes a plurality of blade components and a connecting body. The plurality of blade components are connected to each other through the connecting body to form a cavity.
  • the blade cracking condition monitoring system includes: pressure transmission The component includes a side wall, a hollow space surrounded by the side wall, and an opening opened on the side wall and communicating with the hollow space.
  • the pressure transmitting component can be placed at the connection between the blade part and the connecting body in the cavity, and the connection The body is fixed so that the opening peripheral area of the pressure transmission component and the corresponding blade component are sealed and connected to each other.
  • the pressure transmission component can form a closed cavity with a preset air pressure value together with the blade component; a detector is connected to the pressure transmission component and can It is arranged on the blade part and used to detect the actual air pressure value of the closed cavity; the controller determines the cracking state of the blade according to the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value.
  • a blade including: a blade component, and a plurality of blade components are connected to each other through a connecting body to form a cavity; in the above-mentioned blade cracking state monitoring system, a pressure transmission component is disposed in the blade in the cavity The connection between the component and the connecting body is fixed by the connecting body so that the opening peripheral area of the pressure transmission component and the corresponding blade component are sealed and connected to each other.
  • the pressure transmission component and the blade component form a closed cavity with a preset air pressure value.
  • the detector is connected to the pressure transmitting assembly and is disposed on the blade member.
  • a method, a monitoring system and a blade for monitoring a cracked state of a blade provided in the embodiments of the present application are used for the blade.
  • the blade includes blade components such as a windward shell, a leeward shell, and a web.
  • the monitoring method includes providing a pressure transmitting component. Step of forming a closed cavity, by setting the pressure transmitting component at the connection between the blade member and the connecting body in the cavity of the blade, and fixing the connecting body through the connecting body, so that the circumferential measurement area of the opening of the pressure transmitting component and the corresponding
  • the blade members are sealedly connected to each other to form a closed cavity with a preset pressure value together with the blade members.
  • the pressure in the closed cavity can be detected by a detector.
  • the pressure in the closed cavity will change. Therefore, the blade can be determined by the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value in the closed cavity.
  • the cracking state can not only monitor the cracking state of the blade, but also not be disturbed by external factors, and can effectively reduce the false judgment rate of the monitoring results.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A direction in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a pressure transmission component according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the B-B direction in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view at C in FIG. 5; FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a blade cracking state monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a transition pipe body according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a blade in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view along the A-A direction in FIG. 1.
  • the blade has a blade root portion 1 a and a blade tip portion 1 b in a longitudinal direction of the blade, and the blade as a whole may include a plurality of blade members and a connecting body 100, and the plurality of blade members are connected to each other through the connecting body 100.
  • the cavity 110 is connected and formed.
  • the blade member may include a windward shell 70 and a leeward shell 80.
  • the blade member may further include a web 90.
  • the windward shell 70 and the leeward shell 80 are opposite to each other and are docked with each other, so as to form a cavity 110 therebetween, and form opposite leading edges 1c and trailing edges 1d at the docking points.
  • the connecting body 100 may be connected between the windward shell 70 and the leeward shell 80, between the windward shell 70 and the web 90, and between the leeward shell 80 and the web 90.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a pressure transmission assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a structural schematic diagram of a blade according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along the BB direction in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 shows The enlarged view at C in FIG. 5 is shown.
  • the method for monitoring leaf cracking provided in the embodiments of the present application includes:
  • the pressure transmitting component 10 includes a side wall 11, a hollow space 12 surrounded by the side wall 11, and an opening 13 opened on the side wall 11 and communicating with the hollow space 12. .
  • the pressure transmitting assembly 10 may be in the form of a tube body having a predetermined length, or may be in the form of a balloon.
  • the number of the openings 13 may be one, and one opening 13 penetrates the pressure transmitting component 10 along the extending direction of the pressure transmitting component 10. Of course, the number of the openings 13 may also be two or more, and two or more openings 13 extend the pressure transmitting component 10. The directions are spaced from each other.
  • the entire pressure transmitting assembly 10 may extend along the length direction X of the blade, and may specifically extend from the heel portion 1a of the blade to the blade tip portion 1b.
  • the pressure transmission component 10 may be an ohmic tube, the material of which may be PVC, and the cross-sectional size may be 6 mm-25 mm.
  • the cross-sectional size may specifically refer to the radial size of the cross-section.
  • the connecting body 100 may be a structure formed by solidification of an adhesive.
  • the pressure transmitting assembly 10 is placed at the connection between the blade member and the connecting body 100 in the cavity 110, and is fixed by the connecting body 100 so that the pressure is transmitted.
  • the peripheral area of the opening 13 of the module 10 is sealedly connected to the corresponding blade member.
  • the pressure transmission module 10 and the blade member jointly form a closed cavity 14 with a preset air pressure value.
  • the windshield housing 70 Pressure transmission is provided on the connecting body 100 between the leeward shell 80, the connecting body 100 between the windward shell 70 and the web 90, and the connecting body 100 between the leeward shell 80 and the web 90
  • the assembly 10 also forms a corresponding closed cavity 14.
  • the actual air pressure value in the closed cavity 14 is detected by a detector 20.
  • the detector 20 may be a pressure sensor, and the actual air pressure value in the closed cavity 14 may be directly detected by the detector 20.
  • the detector 20 may also use other types of sensors, as long as it can directly or indirectly detect the actual air pressure value in the closed cavity 14 (or the pressure change is sufficient).
  • the detector 20 may be provided at different positions of the blade, may be located in the cavity 110 inside the blade, of course, it may also be provided outside the blade, and may specifically be located inside or outside the root portion 1a of the blade, and when damaged It is easy to open the corresponding protective facilities at the root of the leaf for maintenance or replacement.
  • the pressure transmitting assembly 10 and the corresponding blade member are formed with the closed cavity 14 having a preset air pressure value.
  • the rear edge 1d where the windward shell 70 and the leeward shell 80 meet is cracked.
  • the corresponding pressure transmitting component 10 is fixed by the corresponding connecting body 100, when the blade cracks, the external force acts When the corresponding blade part is separated from the pressure transmitting assembly 10, the sealed cavity 14 leaks, and the internal pressure of the cavity 14 will change accordingly.
  • the corresponding closed cavity 14 will not leak, and its pressure will maintain a preset air pressure value. Therefore, according to the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value, the cracking state of the blade can be determined.
  • the method for monitoring the cracking condition of the blade includes the step of providing the pressure transmission component 10 and the step of forming the closed cavity 14, the blade component and the connecting body 100 are disposed in the cavity 110 of the blade by setting the pressure transmission component 10.
  • the connecting portion is fixed by the connecting body 100, so that the peripheral measurement area of the opening 13 of the pressure transmission assembly 10 and the corresponding blade component are sealedly connected to each other, so as to form a closed cavity 14 with a predetermined pressure value with the blade component.
  • it includes the step of detecting the actual air pressure.
  • the actual air pressure in the closed cavity 14 can be detected by the detector 20 in real time. When the blade cracks, the air pressure in the closed cavity 14 will change.
  • the cracking state of the blade can be determined, which can monitor the cracking state of the blade without being disturbed by external factors, and can effectively reduce the false judgment rate of the monitoring results.
  • the detection frequency of the actual air pressure value in the enclosed cavity 14 affected by the detector can be adjusted, thereby real-time monitoring of the cracking state of the blade can be achieved.
  • the step of determining the cracking state includes: the ratio of the difference between the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value to the preset air pressure value is within a first preset threshold range, and the pressure change ratio of the closed cavity within a unit time of 14 exceeds the first
  • the second predetermined threshold value range determines that the blade is in a cracked state.
  • the ratio of the pressure change per unit time refers to the ratio of the difference between the actual air pressure value currently detected by the detector 20 and the actual air pressure value of the last detection and the actual air pressure value of the last detection. Change ratio.
  • the preset pressure value can be any value between 0Mpa and 4Mpa, including the two end values of 0Mpa and 4Mpa.
  • the first preset threshold value can be any value between 50% and 80%, including 50%, 80% two end values, optional values between 60% and 70%.
  • the second preset threshold range is any value between 1% and 5%, including two end values of 1% and 5%, and optionally any value between 2% and 4%.
  • the preset air pressure value as 4Mpa as an example, when the actual air pressure value currently detected by the detector 20 is 1Mpa, and the actual air pressure value of the previous detection in a unit time is 1.1Mpa, the difference between the current actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value
  • the ratio of the value to the preset air pressure value is 75%, which is within the first preset threshold value
  • the pressure change ratio of the closed chamber within 14 unit time is 10%, which exceeds the second preset threshold value range.
  • the pressure change ratio exceeds the range of the second preset threshold value, it can be determined that the pressure change in the closed cavity 14 is caused by blade cracking.
  • the step of determining the cracking state further includes: a ratio of a difference between the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value and the preset air pressure value is within a first preset threshold range, and the closed cavity is within 14 unit times If the pressure change ratio is within the second preset threshold value range, it is determined that the blade is in an uncracked state, and a signal is given that the pressure transmission component 10 is in a pressure to be adjusted state.
  • the preset air pressure value Take the preset air pressure value as 4Mpa as an example.
  • the actual air pressure value currently detected by the detector 20 is 1Mpa and the actual air pressure value of the previous detection in a unit time is 1.02Mpa
  • the current actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value are The ratio of the difference to the preset air pressure value is 75%, which is within the first preset threshold value range, and the pressure change ratio of the closed chamber within 14 unit time is 2%, which is within the second preset threshold value range.
  • the monitoring method further includes a pressure adjustment step.
  • the pressure adjustment step includes: adjusting the pressure in the closed cavity 14 according to the pressure-to-be-adjusted status signal, so that the actual air pressure value of the closed cavity 14 is equal to a preset air pressure value. In order to better ensure the monitoring of the blade, prevent monitoring failure caused by long-term natural pressure relief.
  • the blade crack detection method of the embodiment of the present application limits the range of the preset air pressure value, so that the pressure transmission component 10 and the like will not generate a pressure load on the corresponding blade component of the blade, and can reduce the pressure transmission component 10 and the corresponding blade. Sealed connection requirements between components.
  • the correspondingly limited range of the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold limit the blade cracking state, non-cracking state, and the conditions under which the pressure transmission component 10 is in a pressure-adjusted state, which can further reduce the monitoring method. Rate of false positives, and can avoid frequent pressure adjustment in the closed cavity 14.
  • FIG. 7 shows a structural block diagram of a blade cracking state monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a blade cracking condition monitoring system, which can be used for the blades shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
  • the blade includes a plurality of blade components and a connecting body 100. The multiple blade components are connected to each other through the connecting body 100 and Forming a cavity 110.
  • the blade cracking condition monitoring system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a pressure transmitting component 10, a detector 20, and a controller 30.
  • the pressure transmission component 10 included in the monitoring system can also use the pressure transmission component 10 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the pressure transmission component 10 includes a side wall 11, a hollow space 12 surrounded by the side wall 11, and a hollow space 12 opened on the side wall 11. 12 communicating openings 13, the pressure transmitting assembly 10 can be placed at the connection between the blade member in the cavity 110 and the connecting body 100, and fixed by the connecting body 100, so that the peripheral area of the opening 13 of the pressure transmitting assembly 10 and the corresponding The blade parts are sealed and connected to each other.
  • the pressure transmission assembly 10 can form a closed cavity 14 with a preset air pressure value together with the blade parts.
  • the structure of the pressure transmission assembly 10 in this system, the number of openings 13 and the number of rows of openings 13 are different.
  • the layout method and the connection method of the pressure transmission assembly 10 with the blade component and the connecting body 100 are the same as those described in the above-mentioned method for monitoring the cracking state of the blade, and will not be repeated here.
  • the detector 20 is connected to the pressure transmitting assembly 10 and can be disposed on the blade member, and is used to detect the actual air pressure value of the closed cavity 14.
  • the detector 20 may be a pressure sensor.
  • the detector 20 may also adopt other sensor forms, as long as it can directly or indirectly detect airtightness.
  • the actual air pressure value in the cavity 14 is sufficient.
  • the controller 30 determines the cracking state of the blade according to the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value.
  • FIG. 8 shows a structural block diagram of the controller 30 according to an embodiment of the present application. Please refer to FIG. 8 together.
  • the controller 30 includes a signal receiving module 31 and a comparison module 32.
  • the signal receiving module 31 is configured to receive an actual air pressure value detected by the detector 20.
  • the comparison module 32 is configured to compare the actual air pressure value with a preset air pressure value
  • the determination module 33 is configured to determine a ratio of the difference between the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value and the preset air pressure value according to the comparison result.
  • the pressure change ratio of the closed cavity 14 within a unit time exceeds the second preset threshold value range, it is determined that the blade is in a cracked state.
  • the determining module 33 is further configured to determine, according to a comparison result, that a ratio of a difference between the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value to the preset air pressure value is within a first preset threshold range, And the pressure change ratio of the closed cavity 14 within a unit time is within the second preset threshold value range, it is determined that the blade is in an uncracked state, and a signal is provided that the pressure transmission component 10 is in a pressure to be adjusted state.
  • a signal indicating that the pressure transmission component 10 is in a pressure-to-be-adjusted state is consistent with the implementation manner in the method for monitoring blade cracking in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein.
  • the blade cracking condition monitoring system further includes a gas generator 40.
  • the gas generator 40 is connected to the pressure transmission assembly 10 and is used to adjust the actual air pressure in the closed cavity 14. value.
  • the gas generator 40 includes a pressure pump 41 and a relay 43.
  • the pressure pump 41 is connected to the pressure transmission assembly 10 and connected to the controller 30 through the relay 43.
  • the controller 30 further includes an execution module 34 and a controller 30.
  • the execution module 34 is configured to control the relay 43 to turn on the pressure pump 41 according to the pressure to be adjusted state signal, so as to adjust the actual air pressure value to be equal to the preset air pressure value.
  • the blade crack monitoring system further includes a power source 60, and the detector 20, the controller 30, and the relay 43 are all connected to the power source 60 to obtain electrical energy.
  • the power source 60 may adopt an anti-surge design, which can effectively prevent lightning damage.
  • the controller 30 may be the cavity 110 provided inside the blade or the outside of the blade.
  • the controller 30 may also be integrated in the overall controller of the wind power generator set to which the blade is applied.
  • the gas generator 40 adopts the above-mentioned structure, that is, it can meet the pressure adjustment in the closed cavity 14 and at the same time, it can be easily installed on the blade. It can be installed on the internal cavity 110 of the blade or on the outer surface of the blade.
  • the pressure pump 41 may determine whether to inflate the inside of the closed cavity 14 or to inhale outside the sealed cavity according to a preset pressure value in the closed cavity 14. When the preset pressure value is greater than the external air pressure, inflation is performed into the closed cavity 14. When the preset pressure value is lower than the external air pressure, such as vacuum pressure, the air is sucked out of the closed cavity 14 so that the actual air pressure value is equal to the preset air pressure value.
  • the gas generator 40 further includes a check valve 42, and the pressure pump 41 is connected to the pressure transmission assembly 10 through the check valve 42.
  • the one-way valve 42 is restricted to be unidirectionally guided by the pressure pump 41 to the pressure transmission assembly 10, and when the preset pressure value is less than the external air pressure, such as The vacuum pressure limits the one-way valve 42 to be unidirectionally guided from the pressure transmission assembly 10 to the pressure pump 41.
  • the gas generator 40 further includes an embodiment of the one-way valve 42 on the basis of adopting the above structure, which can prevent gas from leaking out of the pressure transmission assembly 10 from the one-way valve 42 in the reverse direction or from the one-way valve 42 into the pressure transmission assembly 10 in the reverse direction.
  • the pressure transmission assembly 10 may be connected to the detector 20 and the gas generator 40 through a transition connection section 50.
  • the transition connection section 50 includes a joint 51 having a plurality of interfaces and a transition pipe body 52. The number of interfaces can be three.
  • the transition pipe body 52 is connected to one of the interfaces.
  • the pressure transmission assembly 10 is connected to the transition pipe body 52.
  • the transition pipe body 52 and the joint 51 are connected to the check valve 42 and then to the pressure pump 41. Interconnected.
  • the detector 20 and the gas generator 40 are connected to one of the interfaces, respectively.
  • the detector 20 is connected to the pressure transmission component 10 through the joint 51 and the transition pipe body 52, and then the actual air pressure value in the pressure transmission component 10 is detected.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of a transition pipe body according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the transition pipe body 52 has successively distributed first connections along its own extension direction.
  • the pipe wall of the first connection section 521 is provided with a notch 521a that is in contact with the pressure transmission component 10 along the extension direction.
  • the second connection section 522 has a closed pipe wall.
  • the first connecting section 521 of the transition pipe body 52 having a notch 521a is connected to the pressure transmission assembly 10, and the notch 521a is opposite to the opening 13 of the pressure transmission assembly 10, and the peripheral measurement area of the notch 521a is also connected to the pressure transmission assembly 10.
  • the blade parts are sealed and connected, and the second connecting section 522 is connected to one of the joints 51, thereby further ensuring the reliability of the connection between the pressure transmission assembly 10 and structural parts such as the joint 51.
  • seals such as gaskets and tapes can be used to ensure a good seal at the joints between components, and tests can be performed. Sealability can be tested by using soap bubbles or liquid bubble tests.
  • the blade cracking condition monitoring system includes the pressure transmitting component 10, the detector 20, and the controller 30, and the pressure transmitting component 10 is disposed in the blade component and the connecting body in the cavity 110 of the blade.
  • 100 is connected to the connecting body 100 and fixed by the connecting body 100, so that the peripheral measurement area of the opening 13 of the pressure transmitting assembly 10 and the corresponding blade member are sealedly connected to each other, so as to form a closed cavity 14 with a predetermined pressure value together with the blade member.
  • the detector 20 can monitor the pressure in the closed cavity 14 in real time. When the blade cracks, the air pressure in the closed cavity 14 changes. Therefore, the cracking status of the blade can be determined by the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value in the closed cavity 14. It can realize the monitoring of the cracking state of the blade without being disturbed by external factors, and can effectively reduce the false judgment rate of the monitoring results.
  • the correspondingly provided gas generator 40 can realize the adjustment of the actual air pressure value in the closed cavity 14 and avoid the failure of the monitoring system caused by the long-term natural pressure relief of the closed cavity 14.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a blade, which includes a plurality of blade components and the blade cracking state monitoring system of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the plurality of blade components are connected to each other through the connecting body 100 to form an empty space.
  • the cavity 110 includes a plurality of blade members including a windward shell 70, a leeward shell 80 and a web 90.
  • the connecting body 100 is connected between the windward shell 70 and the leeward shell 80, between the windward shell 70 and the web 90, and between the leeward shell 80 and the web 90
  • the connecting body 100 is connected between the windward shell 70 and the leeward shell 80, between the windward shell 70 and the web 90, and between the leeward shell 80 and the web 90 At least one of them is also allowed.
  • the pressure transmitting assembly 10 is disposed at the connection between the blade member and the connecting body 100 in the cavity 110 and is fixed by the connecting body 100 so that the area around the opening 13 of the pressure transmitting assembly 10 and the corresponding blade member are sealed and connected to each other.
  • the transmission assembly 10 and the blade member together form a closed cavity 14 having a preset air pressure value.
  • the detector 20 is connected to the pressure transmitting component 10 and is disposed on the blade component.
  • the detector 20 may be disposed inside the cavity 110 of the blade.
  • the detector 20 may be disposed outside the blade.
  • being located at the root portion 1a of the blade makes the detector 20 easier to replace when damaged.
  • it can also be located at the blade tip portion 1b of the blade.
  • the pressure transmission component 10 included in the blade provided in the embodiment of the present application can also use the pressure transmission component 10 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the method and the connection method of the pressure transmission assembly 10 with the blade component and the connecting body 100 are consistent with the introduction in the above-mentioned method for monitoring the cracking state of the blade, and will not be repeated here.
  • the detector 20 may be a pressure sensor. As described in the above monitoring method, in some other embodiments, the detector 20 may also adopt other sensor forms, as long as it can directly or indirectly detect the closed cavity. The actual air pressure value within 14 is sufficient.
  • the blade provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of blade components, a connecting body 100 connected to the plurality of blade components to form a cavity 110, and the above-mentioned blade cracking state monitoring system.
  • the pressure transmission assembly 10 is disposed at The connection between the blade member in the cavity 110 and the connection body 100 is fixed by the connection body 100 so that the area around the opening 13 of the pressure transmission assembly 10 is sealedly connected to the corresponding blade member, and the pressure transmission assembly 10 and the blade member are connected to each other.
  • the closed cavity 14 having a preset air pressure value is formed together, and the pressure in the closed cavity 14 can be detected by the detector 20 in real time. When the blade itself cracks, the air pressure in the closed cavity 14 will change.
  • the actual air pressure value and the preset air pressure value in the closed cavity 14 can determine the blade's own cracking status, which can realize the monitoring of the blade's own cracking status. It is not affected by external factors, which can effectively reduce the false judgment rate of monitoring results.
  • the same closed cavity 14 only needs a detector 20 (such as a pressure sensor) to measure the signals separated by the blade along its length direction X, so that the number of wiring is small, the installation workload is small, and the risk of lightning protection is low.
  • the installation position of the detector 20 is not limited, and the wiring length can be made as short as possible.
  • the monitoring system provided is simple in structure and low in cost, can reduce the overall cost of the blade, and has better reliability.
  • vulnerable electrical components such as the detector 20 can be provided at the root portion 1a of the blade, replacement and maintenance are more convenient when damaged.
  • the data can be measured and analyzed directly, no big data or other additional software is needed to measure, so the accuracy is high, and it is easy to popularize and use.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请涉及一种叶片开裂状态监测方法、检测系统以及叶片，叶片包括多个叶片部件和连接体，多个叶片部件通过连接体相互连接并形成空腔，监测方法包括：提供压力传递组件，压力传递组件包括侧壁、由侧壁围合形成的中空空间和开设于侧壁并与中空空间连通的开口；形成密闭腔，将压力传递组件置于空腔内的叶片部件与连接体的连接处，并通过连接体固定，压力传递组件与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔；检测实际气压，利用检测器检测密闭腔内的实际气压值；确定开裂状态，根据实际气压值及预设气压值，确定叶片开裂状态。本申请实施例提供一种叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片，能够实现对叶片开裂状态的监测，且误判率低。

Description

叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2018年6月29日提交的名称为“叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片”的中国专利申请201810712741.0的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及风电技术领域，特别是涉及一种叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片。
背景技术
叶片的成本约占整机的20％，随着叶片规格越来越大，使得海上叶片和国外叶片维修更换成本高、周期长，叶片重大开裂失效的直接损失以及风力发电机组的停电损失对于风场业主来说很大，而且有安全隐患。
现有技术中，为了监测叶片的开裂失效并进行预警，目前已开发了多种技术，如声发射及固有频率等技术。上述技术在一定程度上虽然能够起到对叶片的开裂失效进行监测并预警，但是，也存在相应的不足。如声发射由于背景噪声等影响，误判率高。固有频率监测需要失效大数据支撑，然而开裂失效并不是高概率事件，无法获得足够的数据用于判断，故误判率也高。
因此，亟需一种新的叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片，能够实现对叶片开裂状态的监测，且误判率低。
本申请实施例一方面提出了一种叶片开裂状态监测方法，叶片包括多 个叶片部件和连接体，多个叶片部件通过连接体相互连接并形成空腔，监测方法包括：提供压力传递组件，压力传递组件包括侧壁、由侧壁围合形成的中空空间和开设于侧壁并与中空空间连通的开口；形成密闭腔，将压力传递组件置于空腔内的叶片部件与连接体的连接处，并通过连接体固定，以使压力传递组件的开口周侧区域与对应的叶片部件相互密封连接，压力传递组件与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔；检测实际气压，利用检测器检测密闭腔内的实际气压值；确定开裂状态，根据实际气压值及预设气压值，确定叶片开裂状态。
本申请实施例另一方面提出了一种叶片开裂状态监测系统，叶片包括多个叶片部件和连接体，多个叶片部件通过连接体相互连接并形成空腔，叶片开裂状态监测系统包括：压力传递组件，包括侧壁、由侧壁围合形成的中空空间和开设于侧壁并与中空空间连通的开口，压力传递组件能够置于空腔内的叶片部件与连接体的连接处，并通过连接体固定，以使压力传递组件的开口周侧区域与对应的叶片部件相互密封连接，压力传递组件能够与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔；检测器，与压力传递组件连接并能够设置于叶片部件上，用于检测密闭腔的实际气压值；控制器，根据实际气压值及预设气压值，确定叶片开裂状态。
本申请实施例又一方面提出了一种叶片，包括：叶片部件，多个叶片部件通过连接体相互连接并形成空腔；上述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，压力传递组件设置于空腔内的叶片部件与连接体的连接处，并通过连接体固定，以使压力传递组件的开口周侧区域与对应的叶片部件相互密封连接，压力传递组件与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔，检测器与压力传递组件连接并设置于叶片部件上。
本申请实施例提供的叶片开裂状态的监测方法、监测系统及叶片，监测方法用于叶片，叶片包括迎风面壳体、背风面壳体及腹板等叶片部件，该监测方法包括提供压力传递组件的步骤，形成密闭腔的步骤，通过将压力传递组件设置于叶片的空腔内的叶片部件与连接体的连接处，并通过连接体固定，使得压力传递组件的开口的周测区域与相应的叶片部件相互密封连接，以与叶片部件共同形成具有预设压力值的密闭腔。由于包括检测 实际气压的步骤，可以通过检测器检测密闭腔内的压力，当叶片发生开裂时，密闭腔气压会发生变化，故通过密闭腔内的实际气压值及预设气压值即可确定叶片的开裂状态，既能够实现对叶片开裂状态的监测，且不受外界因素的干扰，能够有效的降低监测结果的误判率。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1是现有技术中叶片的结构示意图；
图2是图1中沿着A-A方向的剖视图；
图3是本申请实施例的压力传递组件的剖视结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例的叶片的结构示意图；
图5是图4中沿着B-B方向的剖视图；
图6是图5中C处放大图；
图7是本申请实施例的叶片开裂状态监测系统的结构框图；
图8是本申请一个实施例的控制器的结构框图；
图9是本申请实施例的过渡管体的结构示意图。
其中：
1a-叶根部；1b-叶尖部；1c-前缘；1d-后缘；X-长度方向；
10-压力传递组件；11-侧壁；12-中空空间；13-开口；14-密闭腔；
20-检测器；
30-控制器；31-信号接收模块；32-比较模块；33-判断模块；34-执行模块；
40-气体发生器；41-压力泵；42-单向阀；43-继电器；
50-过渡连接段；51-接头；52-过渡管体；521-第一连接段；521a-缺口；522-第二连接段；
60-电源；
70-迎风面壳体；
80-背风面壳体；
90-腹板；
100-连接体；
110-空腔。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。在下面的详细描述中，提出了许多具体细节，以便提供对本申请的全面理解。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。在附图和下面的描述中，至少部分的公知结构和技术没有被示出，以便避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊；并且，为了清晰，可能夸大了部分结构的尺寸。此外，下文中所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施例中。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面结合图1至图9根据本申请实施例的叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片进行详细描述。
图1示出了现有技术中叶片的结构示意图，图2示出了图1中沿着A-A方向的剖视图。
本申请实施例提供一种叶片开裂状态监测方法，能够用于监测叶片的开裂状态。请参阅图1及图2，所说的叶片在自身的长度方向具有叶根部 1a及叶尖部1b，且叶片整体可以包括多个叶片部件和连接体100，多个叶片部件通过连接体100相互连接并形成空腔110，可选的，所说的叶片部件可以包括迎风面壳体70以及背风面壳体80，当然，可选的，所说的叶片部件还可以包括腹板90，所说的迎风面壳体70及背风面壳体80相对设置并相互对接，以在二者之间形成空腔110，并在对接处形成相对的前缘1c以及后缘1d。所说的连接体100可以连接于迎风面壳体70与背风面壳体80之间、迎风面壳体70与腹板90之间及背风面壳体80与腹板90之间。
图3示出了本申请实施例的压力传递组件的结构示意图，图4示出了本申请实施例的叶片的结构示意图，图5示出了图4中沿着B-B方向的剖视图，图6示出了图5中C处放大图。本申请实施例提供的叶片开裂监测方法包括：
提供压力传递组件10的步骤，请一并参阅图3，压力传递组件10包括侧壁11、由侧壁11围合形成的中空空间12和开设于侧壁11并与中空空间12连通的开口13。所说的压力传递组件10可以为具有预定长度的管体的形式，也可以为气囊的形式。开口13的数量可以为一个，一个开口13沿压力传递组件10的延伸方向贯通压力传递组件10，当然，开口13的数量也可以为两个以上，两个以上的开口13压力传递组件10的延伸方向相互间隔设置。压力传递组件10整体可以沿着叶片的长度方向X延伸，具体可以由叶片的叶跟部1a延伸至叶片的叶尖部1b。在一个示例中，压力传递组件10可以采用欧姆管，其材料可选为PVC，截面尺寸可选为6mm-25mm，截面尺寸具体可以指截面的径向尺寸。在一个示例中，所说的连接体100可以为由胶黏剂凝固形成的结构体。
形成密闭腔14的步骤，请一并参阅图4至图6，将压力传递组件10置于空腔110内的叶片部件与连接体100的连接处，并通过连接体100固定，以使压力传递组件10的开口13周侧区域与对应的叶片部件相互密封连接，压力传递组件10与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔14，具体的，在一个示例中，在迎风面壳体70与背风面壳体80之间的连接体100、迎风面壳体70与腹板90之间的连接体100及背风面壳体80与 腹板90之间的连接体100上均设置有压力传递组件10并形成相应的密闭腔14。
检测实际气压的步骤，利用检测器20检测密闭腔14内的实际气压值，所说的检测器20可以为压力传感器，通过检测器20直接检测密闭腔14内的实际气压值即可。当然，在一些其他实施例中，所说的检测器20也可以采用其他形式的传感器，只要能够直接或者间接检测密闭腔14内的实际气压值即可(或者说压力变化即可)。可选的，检测器20可以设置于叶片的不同位置，可以位于叶片内部的空腔110内，当然，也可以设置于叶片的外部，具体可以位于叶片的叶根部1a的内部或者外部，当损坏时，便于打开叶根部相应的防护设施进行维修或者更换。
确定开裂状态，根据实际气压值及预设气压值，确定叶片开裂状态。由于在形成密闭腔14的步骤中压力传递组件10与相应的叶片部件形成有具有预设气压值的密闭腔14。以迎风面壳体70与背风面壳体80的对接处的后缘1d发生开裂为例，由于相应的压力传递组件10被相应的连接体100固定，当叶片发生开裂时，在外力的作用下，相应的叶片部件与压力传递组件10分离，密闭腔14发生泄露，其内部的压力会相应发生变化。当然，若叶片没有发生开裂，相应密闭腔14不会发生泄漏，其压力将保持预设气压值。因此，根据实际气压值及预设气压值，即可确定叶片的开裂状态。
本申请实施例提供的叶片开裂状态监测方法，由于包括提供压力传递组件10的步骤，形成密闭腔14的步骤，通过将压力传递组件10设置于叶片的空腔110内的叶片部件与连接体100的连接处，并通过连接体100固定，使得压力传递组件10的开口13的周测区域与相应的叶片部件相互密封连接，以与叶片部件共同形成具有预设压力值的密闭腔14。同时包括检测实际气压的步骤，可以通过检测器20实时检测密闭腔14内的实际气压值，当叶片发生开裂时，密闭腔14气压会发生变化，故通过密闭腔14内的实际气压值及预设气压值即可确定叶片的开裂状态，既能够实现对叶片开裂状态的监测，且不受外界因素的干扰，能够有效的降低监测结果的误判率。
同时，采用本申请实施例的检测方法，还可以通过调整检测器对影响的密闭腔14内的实际气压值的检测频率，进而还能够实现对叶片开裂状态的实时监测。
在一个示例中，确定开裂状态步骤包括：实际气压值及预设气压值的差值与预设气压值的比值在第一预设阈值范围内，且密闭腔14单位时间内压力变化比值超出第二预设阙值范围，则确定叶片处于开裂状态。所说的单位时间内压力变化比值是指检测器20当前检测的实际气压值与上一次检测的实际气压值之间的差值与上一次检测的实际气压值的比值称之为单位时间内压力变化比值。
所说的预设气压值可以为0Mpa～4Mpa之间的任意数值，包括0Mpa及4Mpa两个端值，所说的第一预设阙值范围为50％～80％之间的任意数值，包括50％、80％两个端值，可选的为60％～70％之间的任意数值。第二预设阙值范围为1％～5％之间的任意数值，包括1％、5％两个端值，可选的为2％～4％之间的任意数值。
以预设气压值是4Mpa为例，检测器20当前检测的实际气压值为1Mpa，单位时间内的前一次检测的实际气压值为1.1Mpa时，当前的实际气压值及预设气压值的差值与预设气压值的比值为75％，在第一预设阙值范围内，而密闭腔14单位时间内压力变化比值为10％，超出了第二预设阙值范围，此时，由于密闭腔14内的压力发生了变化，且变化较大，同时由于压力变化比值超出了第二预设阙值的范围，则能够确定密闭腔14内的压力变化是叶片开裂导致的。
作为一种可选的实施方式，确定开裂状态步骤还包括：实际气压值及预设气压值的差值与预设气压值的比值在第一预设阈值范围内，且密闭腔14单位时间内压力变化比值在第二预设阙值范围内，则确定叶片处于未开裂状态，并给出压力传递组件10处于压力待调节状态信号。
还是以预设气压值是4Mpa为例，检测器20当前检测的实际气压值为1Mpa，单位时间内的前一次检测的实际气压值为1.02Mpa时，当前的实际气压值及预设气压值的差值与预设气压值的比值为75％，在第一预设阙值范围内，而密闭腔14单位时间内压力变化比值为2％，在第二预设阙值范 围。此时，由于密闭腔14内的压力发生了变化，且变化较大，同时由于压力变化没有超出第二预设阙值的范围，说明压力变化速度较慢，则确定叶片处于未开裂状态，并给出压力传递组件10处于压力待调节状态信号。
由于叶片的长度较长，相应的，压力传递组件10的长度也较长，并且叶片所处的环境大多为室外，随着季节温度变化可能会导致密闭腔14内的压力发生变化。因此，当确定叶片处于未开裂状态并给出压力传递组件10处于压力待调节状态信号时，为保证对叶片开裂状态的长时间有效的监测，可选的，监测方法还进一步包括调压步骤，调压步骤包括：根据压力待调节状态信号，调节密闭腔14内的压力，以使密闭腔14的实际气压值与预设气压值相等。以更好的保证对叶片的监测，防止长期的自然泄压导致的监测失灵。
由此，本申请实施例的叶片开裂检测方法限制了预设气压值的范围，使得压力传递组件10等不会对叶片相应的叶片部件产生压力载荷，且能够降低压力传递组件10与相应的叶片部件之间的密封连接要求。而相应限定的第一预设阙值的范围以及第二预设阙值的范围，并限定了叶片开裂状态、非开裂状态以及压力传递组件10处于压力待调节状态的条件，能够进一步降低监测方法的误判率，并且能够避免对密闭腔14内的频繁调压。
图7示出了本申请实施例的叶片开裂状态监测系统的结构框图。本申请实施例还提出了一种叶片开裂状态监测系统，可以用于图1、图2所示的叶片，叶片包括多个叶片部件和连接体100，多个叶片部件通过连接体100相互连接并形成空腔110。
请一并参阅图3至图7。本申请实施例提供的叶片开裂状态监测系统包括：压力传递组件10、检测器20以及控制器30。
本监测系统所包括的压力传递组件10同样可以采用图3所示的压力传递组件10，其包括侧壁11、由侧壁11围合形成的中空空间12和开设于侧壁11并与中空空间12连通的开口13，压力传递组件10能够置于空腔110内的叶片部件与连接体100的连接处，并通过连接体100固定，以 使压力传递组件10的开口13周侧区域与对应的叶片部件相互密封连接，压力传递组件10能够与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔14，本系统中的压力传递组件10的结构形式、开口13的数量、不同数量的开口13的排布方式以及压力传递组件10与叶片部件、连接体100的连接方式与上述叶片开裂状态监测方法中介绍的一致，在此就不赘述。
检测器20与压力传递组件10连接并能够设置于叶片部件上，用于检测密闭腔14的实际气压值。同样的，所说的检测器20可以为压力传感器，如上述监测方法中所说，在一些其他实施例中，所说的检测器20也可以采用其他的传感器形式，只要能够直接或者间接检测密闭腔14内的实际气压值即可。控制器30根据实际气压值及预设气压值，确定叶片开裂状态。
图8示出了本申请一个实施例的控制器30的结构框图，请一并参阅图8，作为一种可选的实施方式，所说的控制器30包括：信号接收模块31、比较模块32以及判断模块33，所说的信号接收模块31被配置为接收检测器20检测的实际气压值。所说的比较模块32被配置为比较实际气压值与预设气压值，所说的判断模块33被配置为根据比较结果判断实际气压值及预设气压值的差值与预设气压值的比值在第一预设阈值范围内，且密闭腔14单位时间内压力变化比值超出第二预设阙值范围，则确定叶片处于开裂状态。
作为一种可选的实施方式，所说的判断模块33还被配置为根据比较结果判断实际气压值及预设气压值的差值与预设气压值的比值在第一预设阈值范围内，且密闭腔14单位时间内压力变化比值在第二预设阙值范围内，则确定叶片处于未开裂状态，并给出压力传递组件10处于压力待调节状态信号。
所说的预设气压值的范围、第一预设阙值的范围、第二预设阙值的范围、以及举例说明何种条件下确定叶片处于开裂状态、何种条件下叶片处于未开裂状态并给出压力传递组件10处于压力待调节状态信号与上述各实施例的叶片开裂监测方法中的实施方式一致，在此就不赘述。
请继续参阅图7及图8，作为一种可选的实施方式，叶片开裂状态监 测系统进一步包括气体发生器40，气体发生器40与压力传递组件10连接并用于调节密闭腔14内的实际气压值。可选的，气体发生器40包括压力泵41以及继电器43，压力泵41与压力传递组件10连接并通过继电器43与控制器30连接，同时，控制器30进一步包括执行模块34，控制器30的执行模块34被配置为根据压力待调节状态信号控制继电器43开启压力泵41，以调节实际气压值与预设气压值相等。
为了保证对检测器20、控制器30以及继电器43的用电要求，可选的，叶片开裂监测系统进一步包括电源60，检测器20、控制器30以及继电器43均与电源60连接，以获取电能，在具体实施时，电源60可以采用防浪涌设计，能够有效的防止雷击损坏。
控制器30在具体实施时，可以是设置于叶片内部的空腔110或者叶片的外部，当然也可以将其集成于叶片所应用的风力发电机组的总控制器中。
气体发生器40采用上述结构，即能够满足密闭腔14内压力的调节，同时能够便于其安装至叶片，其可以安装至叶片的内部的空腔110，也可以安装至叶片的外表面。压力泵41可以根据密闭腔14内的预设压力值来确定是向密闭腔14内充气还是向密封腔外吸气。当预设压力值为大于外界气压的压力，则向密闭腔14内充气。而当预设压力值为小于外界气压的压力，如真空压力，则向密闭腔14外吸气，满足实际气压值与预设气压值相等即可。
为了长久的保持密闭腔14内调整好的实际气压值，作为一种可选的实施方式，气体发生器40进一步包括单向阀42，压力泵41通过单向阀42与压力传递组件10连接，当预设压力值大于外界气压，压力泵41需要向密闭腔14内充气时，限定单向阀42由压力泵41向压力传递组件10单向导通，而当预设压力值小于外界气压，如真空气压，则限定单向阀42由压力传递组件10向压力泵41单向导通。气体发生器40在采用上述结构的基础行进一步包括单向阀42的实施方式，可以避免气体逆向从单向阀42中泄露出压力传递组件10或者逆向从单向阀42进入压力传递组件10。
在一些可选的实施例中，压力传递组件10可以通过过渡连接段50与 检测器20及气体发生器40连接，过渡连接段50包括具有多个接口的接头51以及过渡管体52，所说的接口的数量可以为三个，过渡管体52连接于其中一个接口，压力传递组件10连接于过渡管体52，通过过渡管体52以及接头51与单向阀42连接，进而与压力泵41相互连接。同时，检测器20及气体发生器40分别与其中一个接口连接，检测器20通过接头51以及过渡管体52与压力传递组件10连接，进而检测压力传递组件10内的实际气压值。
图9示出了本申请实施例的过渡管体的结构示意图，作为一种可选的实施方式，请一并参阅图9，过渡管体52沿其自身的延伸方向具有相继分布的第一连接段521以及第二连接段522，第一连接段521的管壁沿延伸方向设置有与压力传递组件10对接的缺口521a，第二连接段522具有闭合的管壁。过渡管体52具有缺口521a的第一连接段521与压力传递组件10连接，其缺口521a与压力传递组件10的开口13相对设置，且其缺口521a的周测区域同样与压力传递组件10所连接的叶片部件密封连接，其第二连接段522与接头51的其中一个接口连接，进而更好的保证压力传递组件10与接头51等结构件连接的可靠性。
由于密闭腔14内的压力保持的重要性，使得压力传递组件10、过渡管体52、接头51、单向阀42、检测器20以及压力泵41等部件相互连接的连接处的密封性十分重要。因此，具体实施时，可以通过密封垫、胶带等密封件保证各部件相互之间连接处良好的密封，并进行测试，可以采用肥皂泡或者液体气泡测试等方式检测密封性。
由此，本申请实施例提供的叶片开裂状态监测系统，因其包括压力传递组件10、检测器20以及控制器30，并且压力传递组件10设置于叶片的空腔110内的叶片部件与连接体100的连接处，并通过连接体100固定，使得压力传递组件10的开口13的周测区域与相应的叶片部件相互密封连接，以与叶片部件共同形成具有预设压力值的密闭腔14。通过检测器20可实时监测密闭腔14内的压力，当叶片发生开裂时，密闭腔14气压会发生变化，故通过密闭腔14内的实际气压值及预设气压值即可确定叶片的开裂状态，既能够实现对叶片开裂状态的监测，且不受外界因素的干 扰，能够有效的降低监测结果的误判率。
同时，相应设置的气体发生器40能够实现密闭腔14内实际气压值的调节，避免密闭腔14因长期自然泄压而导致的监测系统的失灵。
请再次参阅图3至图9，本申请实施例还提供一种叶片，其包括多个叶片部件以及上述各实施例的叶片开裂状态监测系统，多个叶片部件通过连接体100相互连接并形成空腔110，多个叶片部件包括迎风面壳体70、背风面壳体80及腹板90。在一些可选的示例中，连接体100连接于迎风面壳体70与背风面壳体80之间、迎风面壳体70与腹板90之间及背风面壳体80与腹板90之间，当然，在一些其他的示例中，连接体100连接于迎风面壳体70与背风面壳体80之间、迎风面壳体70与腹板90之间及背风面壳体80与腹板90之间的至少一者也是被允许的。
压力传递组件10设置于空腔110内的叶片部件与连接体100的连接处，并通过连接体100固定，以使压力传递组件10的开口13周侧区域与对应的叶片部件相互密封连接，压力传递组件10与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔14。检测器20与压力传递组件10连接并设置于叶片部件上，在具体实施时，检测器20可以设置于叶片的空腔110内部，当然，可选的，检测器20可以设置于叶片的外部，可选的，位于叶片的叶根部1a，使得检测器20在损坏时更易更换，当然，在一些示例中，也可以位于叶片的叶尖部1b。
同样的，本申请实施例所提供的叶片，其所包括的压力传递组件10同样可以采用图3所示的压力传递组件10，其结构形式、开口13的数量、不同数量的开口13的排布方式以及压力传递组件10与叶片部件、连接体100的连接方法与上述叶片开裂状态监测方法中的介绍一致，在此就不赘述。
并且，所说的检测器20可以为压力传感器，如上述监测方法中所说，在一些其他实施例中，所说的检测器20也可以采用其他的传感器形式，只要能够直接或者间接检测密闭腔14内的实际气压值即可。
由此，本申请实施例提供的叶片，因其包括多个叶片部件、连接多个叶片部件以形成空腔110的连接体100以及上述的叶片开裂状态监测系 统，同时，压力传递组件10设置于空腔110内的叶片部件与连接体100的连接处，并通过连接体100固定，以使压力传递组件10的开口13周侧区域与对应的叶片部件相互密封连接，压力传递组件10与叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔14，并且通过检测器20可实时检测密闭腔14内的压力。当叶片自身发生开裂时，密闭腔14气压会发生变化，故通过密闭腔14内的实际气压值及预设气压值即可确定叶片自身的开裂状态，既能够实现对叶片自身开裂状态的监测，且不受外界因素的干扰，能够有效的降低监测结果的误判率。
同时，同一个密闭腔14只需要一个检测器20(如压力传感器)即可测得叶片沿其长度方向X各处分离的信号，使得布线的数量少，安装工作量少，防雷风险低，且检测器20的安装位置不受限制，还能够使得布线长度尽量短。而且，所设置的监测系统结构简单，成本低廉，能够降低叶片的整体成本，可靠性更好。再者，由于易损的电器部件如检测器20等可以设置在叶片的叶根部1a，损坏时更换、维修更加方便。进一步的，由于能够直接测量并且分析数据，无需采用大数据、或者其他额外的软件来测量，因此准确率高，故，易于推广使用。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种叶片开裂状态监测方法，所述叶片包括多个叶片部件和连接体(100)，多个所述叶片部件通过所述连接体(100)相互连接并形成空腔(110)，其中，所述监测方法包括：
    提供压力传递组件(10)，所述压力传递组件(10)包括侧壁(11)、由所述侧壁(11)围合形成的中空空间(12)和开设于所述侧壁(11)并与所述中空空间(12)连通的开口(13)；
    形成密闭腔(14)，将所述压力传递组件(10)置于所述空腔(110)内的所述叶片部件与所述连接体(100)的连接处，并通过所述连接体(100)固定，以使所述压力传递组件(10)的所述开口(13)周侧区域与对应的所述叶片部件相互密封连接，所述压力传递组件(10)与所述叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的所述密闭腔(14)；
    检测实际气压，利用检测器(20)检测所述密闭腔(14)内的实际气压值；
    确定开裂状态，根据所述实际气压值及所述预设气压值，确定所述叶片开裂状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的叶片开裂状态监测方法，其中，
    所述确定开裂状态步骤还包括：所述实际气压值及所述预设气压值的差值与所述预设气压值的比值在第一预设阈值范围内，且所述密闭腔(14)单位时间内压力变化比值超出第二预设阙值范围，则确定所述叶片处于开裂状态。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的叶片开裂状态监测方法，其中，
    所述确定开裂状态步骤还包括：所述实际气压值及所述预设气压值的差值与所述预设气压值的比值在第一预设阈值范围内，且所述密闭腔(14)单位时间内压力变化比值在第二预设阙值范围内，则确定所述叶片处于未开裂状态，并给出所述压力传递组件(10)处于压力待调节状态信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的叶片开裂状态监测方法，其中，进一步包 括调压步骤，所述调压步骤包括：根据所述压力待调节状态信号，调节所述密闭腔(14)内的压力，以使所述密闭腔(14)的所述实际气压值与所述预设气压值相等。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任意一项所述的叶片开裂状态监测方法，其中，所述预设气压值为0Mpa～4Mpa，所述第一预设阙值范围为50％～80％，所述第二预设阙值范围为1％～5％。
  6. 一种叶片开裂状态监测系统，所述叶片包括多个叶片部件和连接体(100)，多个所述叶片部件通过所述连接体(100)相互连接并形成空腔(110)，其中，所述叶片开裂状态监测系统包括：
    压力传递组件(10)，包括侧壁(11)、由所述侧壁(11)围合形成的中空空间(12)和开设于所述侧壁(11)并与所述中空空间(12)连通的开口(13)，所述压力传递组件(10)能够置于所述空腔(110)内的所述叶片部件与所述连接体(100)的连接处，并通过所述连接体(100)固定，以使所述压力传递组件(10)的所述开口(13)周侧区域与对应的所述叶片部件相互密封连接，所述压力传递组件(10)能够与所述叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔(14)；
    检测器(20)，与所述压力传递组件(10)连接并能够设置于所述叶片部件上，用于检测所述密闭腔(14)的实际气压值；
    控制器(30)，根据所述实际气压值及所述预设气压值，确定所述叶片开裂状态。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，其中，
    所述压力传递组件(10)为具有预定长度的管体或者气囊；
    所述开口(13)的数量为一个且沿所述压力传递组件(10)的延伸方向贯穿所述压力传递组件(10)；
    或者，所述开口(13)的数量为两个以上，两个以上所述开口(13)沿所述压力传递组件(10)的延伸方向相互间隔设置。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，其中，所述控制器(30)包括：
    信号接收模块(31)，接收所述检测器(20)检测的所述实际气压 值；
    比较模块(32)，比较所述实际气压值与所述预设气压值；
    判断模块(33)，根据比较结果判断所述实际气压值及所述预设气压值的差值与所述预设气压值的比值在第一预设阈值范围内，且所述密闭腔(14)单位时间内压力变化比值超出第二预设阙值范围，则确定所述叶片处于开裂状态。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，其中，
    所述判断模块(33)还包括根据所述比较结果判断所述实际气压值及所述预设气压值的差值与所述预设气压值的比值在所述第一预设阈值范围内，且所述密闭腔(14)单位时间内压力变化比值在所述第二预设阙值范围内，则确定所述叶片处于未开裂状态，并给出所述压力传递组件(10)处于压力待调节状态信号。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，其中，进一步包括气体发生器(40)，所述气体发生器(40)与所述压力传递组件(10)连接并用于调节所述密闭腔(14)内的所述实际气压值。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，其中，所述控制器(30)还包括执行模块(34)，所述气体发生器(40)包括压力泵(41)、单向阀(42)以及继电器(43)，所述压力泵(41)通过所述单向阀(42)与所述压力传递组件(10)连接并通过所述继电器(43)与所述控制器(30)连接，所述控制器(30)的所述执行模块(34)根据所述压力待调节状态信号控制所述继电器(43)开启所述压力泵(41)，以调节所述实际气压值与所述预设气压值相等。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，其中，所述压力传递组件(10)通过过渡连接段(50)与所述检测器(20)及所述气体发生器(40)连接，所述过渡连接段(50)包括具有多个接口的接头(51)以及连接于其中一个所述接口的过渡管体(52)，所述压力传递组件(10)连接于所述过渡管体(52)，所述检测器(20)及所述气体发生器(40)分别与其中一个所述接口连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，其中，所述过渡管体(52)沿其自身的延伸方向具有相继分布的第一连接段(521)以及第二连接段(522)，所述第一连接段(521)的管壁沿所述延伸方向设置有与所述压力传递组件(10)对接的缺口(521a)，所述第二连接段(522)具有闭合的管壁。
  14. 一种叶片，其中，包括：
    叶片部件，多个所述叶片部件通过连接体(100)相互连接并形成空腔(110)；
    如权利要求6至13任意一项所述的叶片开裂状态监测系统，所述压力传递组件(10)设置于所述空腔(110)内的所述叶片部件与所述连接体(100)的连接处，并通过所述连接体(100)固定，以使所述压力传递组件(10)的所述开口(13)周侧区域与对应的所述叶片部件相互密封连接，所述压力传递组件(10)与所述叶片部件共同形成具有预设气压值的密闭腔(14)，所述检测器(20)与所述压力传递组件(10)连接并设置于所述叶片部件上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的叶片，其中，多个所述叶片部件包括迎风面壳体(70)、背风面壳体(80)及腹板(90)，所述连接体(100)连接于所述迎风面壳体(70)与所述背风面壳体(80)之间、所述迎风面壳体(70)与所述腹板(90)之间及所述背风面壳体(80)与所述腹板(90)之间的至少一者。
PCT/CN2019/070082 2018-06-29 2019-01-02 叶片开裂状态监测方法、监测系统及叶片 WO2020000996A1 (zh)

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CN111307439B (zh) * 2020-03-12 2022-07-05 三一重能股份有限公司 风力发电机叶片缺陷检测方法、装置、设备及存储介质
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