WO2019218608A1 - 基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2019218608A1
WO2019218608A1 PCT/CN2018/113223 CN2018113223W WO2019218608A1 WO 2019218608 A1 WO2019218608 A1 WO 2019218608A1 CN 2018113223 W CN2018113223 W CN 2018113223W WO 2019218608 A1 WO2019218608 A1 WO 2019218608A1
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preparation
solution
iron salt
magadiite
dimensional layered
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戈明亮
朱彩萍
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华南理工大学
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28009Magnetic properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/20Silicates
    • C01B33/36Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
    • C01B33/38Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
    • C01B33/40Clays
    • C01B33/405Clays not containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/488Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields for separation of magnetic materials, e.g. magnetic flocculation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/20Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/42Magnetic properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity
    • C01P2006/82Compositional purity water content
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/308Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/08Nanoparticles or nanotubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of magnetic nano composite materials, in particular to a magnetic nano composite material based on a two-dimensional layer material, hydroxyaluminite, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Sodium hydroxysilicate ( magadiite , MD ) is a layered silicate material in the shape of a rose petal. It has good swelling between the layers, and has strong adsorption capacity for water and some small polar organic molecules; It has ion exchange with cations and has high ion exchange capacity; the sodium hydroxysiliconite layer has more active hydroxyl groups and can be functionalized and modified. Micron silicate has a large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, and has outstanding application value in the fields of nanocomposites, adsorbent materials, catalyst carriers, zeolite molecular sieves and the like.
  • Ferric oxide is a ferromagnetic nanoparticle with large specific surface area, superparamagnetism and good biocompatibility, but is prone to agglomeration and seriously affects its catalytic and adsorption properties.
  • the combination of bismuth silicate and triiron tetroxide is applied to the strontium sulphate on the strontium silicate, which not only solves the problem that the ferrotitanium trioxide is easy to agglomerate but also facilitates separation, and is beneficial to improving the adsorption performance. And in solid - It has broad application prospects in liquid separation, pollutant adsorption, catalysis, and targeted drugs.
  • Magnetic material can be used as a new type of environmental purification material. In water treatment, it can be quickly separated under external magnetic field without secondary pollution.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional layered material of stellite (magadiite)
  • the magnetic nanocomposite is specifically a sulphide/ferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite.
  • the magnetic nanocomposite has a good adsorption effect on methylene blue in an aqueous solution.
  • the preparation method supports the ferroferric oxide on the surface of the sodium hydroxysilicate, imparts magnetic properties to the nano composite material, improves the dispersibility of the ferroferric oxide, prevents particle agglomeration, and is simple in preparation method and low in cost.
  • the dispersion of the sodium hydroxysilicate stone is added to the iron salt solution to obtain a mixed solution under stirring, and after heating the mixed solution, the alkali solution is added to adjust the pH of the mixed solution.
  • the value is strongly alkaline, and the coprecipitation reaction is carried out under stirring. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the precipitated product is washed, dried, and ground to obtain sodium hydroxysilicate.
  • the ferroferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite that is, the magnetic nanocomposite based on the two-dimensional layered material strontium silicate.
  • the ultrasonic time is 10 to 30 minutes.
  • the stirring time is 6 to 12 h.
  • the concentration of the dispersion of the hydroxyapatite is 0.02 to 0.05 g/mL.
  • the soluble divalent iron salt is one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride and ferrous nitrate.
  • the soluble ferric salt is ferric chloride or anhydrous ferric chloride.
  • the molar ratio of the ferrous salt to the ferric salt in the iron salt solution is 1:2 to 5:4.
  • the concentration of the iron salt solution is 0.0100 to 0.0164 g/mL.
  • the mixing volume ratio of the dispersion of the magnesite to the iron salt solution is 1:1.
  • the heating is performed to 50 to 95 °C.
  • the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia water.
  • step (3) adding a lye to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 9 to 12.
  • the time of the coprecipitation reaction is 1 to 2 h.
  • the washing is washed 3 times with absolute ethanol.
  • the drying is vacuum dried to a constant weight at 40 to 80 °C.
  • the magnetic nanocomposite based on the two-dimensional layered material sodium methoxide is applied to remove organic dyes in water pollution, including the application of methylene blue, rhodamine B or methyl orange in water pollution removal.
  • the magnetic nanocomposite based on the two-dimensional layered material methicillite is applied to adsorb and remove the methylene blue cationic dye in the aqueous solution.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and benefits:
  • the present invention utilizes a coprecipitation method to synthesize sodium methoxide /
  • the ferroferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite has a large specific surface area, and has the paramagnetism, biocompatibility of ferroferric oxide and the ion exchange and adsorption of the magnetite;
  • the hydroxyapatite of the present invention / The ferroferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite is applied to remove organic dyes from water pollution, exhibits good adsorption performance, and can be rapidly separated under the action of external magnetic field, especially for methylene blue in aqueous solution;
  • the ferroferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite has good magnetic properties, can move and aggregate rapidly under the action of external magnetic field, and has good adsorption performance. Therefore, it has broad application prospects in the fields of environmental protection, biological separation and biomedicine.
  • Example 1 is a Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the synthesized sodium hydroxyapatite/ferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite of Example 1;
  • Example 2 is an XRD spectrum of pure magadiite, Fe 3 O 4 and the sulphate/ferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite synthesized in Example 1;
  • Example 3 is a hysteresis loop diagram of the sodium hydroxymethicite/ferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite synthesized in Example 1;
  • Figure 4a, Figure 4b, and Figure 4c are pure magadiite and Example 1, Example 2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of synthetic hydroxymethicone/ferric oxide magnetic nanocomposites;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the bismuth silicate/ferric oxide composite in Example 2 for rhodamine B a graph of the unit adsorption amount of the solution as a function of adsorption time;
  • Figure 6 shows the sulphite in Example 3 / A graph of the unit adsorption amount of a ferroferric oxide composite material to a methylene blue solution as a function of adsorption time;
  • step (3) adding the dispersion of the wortite of step (1) to the iron salt solution of step (2) under stirring and N 2 to obtain a mixed solution, heating the mixed solution to 80 ° C, and then Add sodium hydroxide solution dropwise to adjust the pH to 11, continue magnetic stirring reaction under N 2 protection for 2 h, cool to room temperature, precipitate the product with absolute ethanol for 3 times, vacuum dry at 60 ° C to constant weight, grind to obtain wheat Sodium hydroxysilicate / ferroferric oxide nanocomposite.
  • the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the synthesized bismuth silicate/ferric oxide nanocomposite is shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the sulphide/ferric oxide nanocomposite contains The symmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of the [SiO 4 ] tetrahedron of strontium silicate (1089 cm -1 ), the bending vibration peak of Si-O-Si ( 461 cm -1 ), and Fe-containing from ferroferric oxide The O vibration absorption peak (576 cm -1 ) indicates that the ferroferric oxide was successfully loaded on the sulphite.
  • Fig. 2 The XRD spectra of pure magadiite, Fe 3 O 4 and synthetic bismuth silicate/ferric oxide nanocomposites are shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that sulphite/ferric oxide magnetism The diffraction peaks of magadiite and Fe 3 O 4 simultaneously demonstrate the successful synthesis of the sulphite/ferric oxide magnetic nanocomposites by coprecipitation.
  • the hysteresis loop diagram of the synthesized bismuth silicate/ferric oxide nanocomposite is shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that sulphite/ The ferroferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite has good paramagnetism.
  • the sulphate/ferric ferrocene magnetic nanocomposite prepared in the above step is used for adsorbing cationic dye rhodamine B in aqueous solution ,Proceed as follows:
  • Rhodamine B solution (1) Prepare a rhodamine B aqueous solution at a concentration of 1g/L as a stock solution and then dilute it to a concentration of 100mg/L. Rhodamine B solution;
  • the graph of the unit adsorption amount of Rhodamine B solution with adsorption time as shown in Figure 5 is shown in Figure 5. 5 It can be seen that the adsorption performance of sulphite/ferric oxide composite on Rhodamine B solution is better than that of pure bismuth silicate and triiron tetroxide.
  • step (3) adding the dispersion of the hydroxyapatite of step (1) to the iron salt solution of the step (2) under stirring and N 2 to obtain a mixed solution, and heating the mixed solution to 95 ° C, and then The sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 12, and the reaction was further stirred under N 2 for 1.5 h, cooled to room temperature, and the precipitated product was washed 3 times with absolute ethanol, dried under vacuum at 40 ° C to constant weight, and ground. A magnesite/ferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite is obtained.
  • the sodium methoxide prepared by the above steps / The ferroferric oxide magnetic nanocomposite is used for adsorbing the cationic dye methylene blue in an aqueous solution, and the steps are as follows:
  • the graph of the unit adsorption amount of the sulphite/ferric oxide composite on the methylene blue solution as a function of adsorption time is shown in Fig. 6. It can be seen that the magnetic nanocomposite with a concentration of 1g/L can achieve a unit adsorption capacity of 95mg/g for a 100mg/L methylene blue solution. It is much higher than the unit adsorption amount of pure hydroxymethicone and pure ferroferric oxide to methylene blue solution under the same conditions.

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Abstract

一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料及制备方法和应用。利用共沉淀法一步合成基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料,合成的复合材料中,四氧化三铁均匀负载在麦羟硅钠石的层间及表面,解决了四氧化三铁纳米粒子易团聚及麦羟硅钠石难分离的问题,同时兼具了四氧化三铁的顺磁性、生物相容性以及麦羟硅钠石的离子交换性、吸附性。制备过程简单,操作容易,原料环保、成本低,易于工业化生产。复合材料应用于去除水污染中的有机染料,表现出良好的吸附性能,且能在外磁场作用下快速分离。

Description

基于二维层状材料 麦羟硅钠石 的磁性纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及磁性纳米复合材料领域,具体涉及一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
麦羟硅钠石( magadiite , MD )是一种呈玫瑰花瓣状的层状硅酸盐材料,层板间有很好的膨胀性,对水及一些小的极性有机分子具有较强的吸附能力;层间带负电荷,可与阳离子发生离子交换,具有较高的离子交换容量;麦羟硅钠石片层上带有较多的活泼性羟基基团,可进行功能化改性。麦羟硅钠石具有较大的比表面积和较强的吸附能力,在纳米复合材料、吸附材料、催化剂载体、沸石分子筛等领域具有突出的应用价值。
四氧化三铁是强磁性的纳米颗粒,具有较大的比表面积、超顺磁性和良好的生物相容性,但易发生团聚,严重影响它的催化和吸附性能。将麦羟硅钠石与四氧化三铁复合,使四氧化三铁负载在麦羟硅钠石上,既解决了四氧化三铁易于团聚的问题又使其便于分离,有利于提高其吸附性能,而且在固 - 液分离、污染物吸附、催化、靶向药物等方面具有广阔的应用前景。
磁性材料可作为一种新型的环境净化材料,在水处理时,只需在外部磁场下就可实现快速分离,且不会产生二次污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石( magadiite )的磁性纳米复合材料,具体为一种麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料。该磁性纳米复合材料对水溶液中的亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附效果。
本发明的目的还在于提供制备所述的一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料的方法。该制备方法将四氧化三铁负载在麦羟硅钠石表面,赋予纳米复合材料以磁性,同时提高四氧化三铁的分散性,防止粒子团聚,且制备方法简单,成本低廉。
本发明的目的还在于提供所述的一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料的应用,具体为应用于去除水污染中的有机染料。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料的制备方法,以二价铁盐、三价铁盐及碱液为原料,利用共沉淀法在麦羟硅钠石层间和表面负载四氧化三铁粒子,具体包括如下步骤:
( 1 )将麦羟硅钠石经超声、搅拌均匀分散在蒸馏水中,得到麦羟硅钠石的分散液;
( 2 )氮气保护下,将可溶性的二价铁盐和三价铁盐溶于蒸馏水中,搅拌分散均匀,得到铁盐溶液;
( 3 )氮气保护下,搅拌中将麦羟硅钠石的分散液加入到铁盐溶液中得到混合溶液,将混合溶液加热后,加入碱液调节混合溶液的 pH 值至强碱性,搅拌下进行共沉淀反应,反应结束后冷却至室温,沉淀产物经洗涤、干燥,研磨,得到麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料,即所述基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料。
进一步地,步骤( 1 )中,所述超声的时间为 10 ~ 30min 。
进一步地,步骤( 1 )中,所述搅拌的时间为 6 ~ 12 h 。
进一步地,步骤( 1 )中,所述麦羟硅钠石的分散液的浓度为 0.02~0.05g/mL 。
进一步地,步骤( 2 )中,所述可溶性的二价铁盐为硫酸亚铁、氯化亚铁和硝酸亚铁中的一种。
进一步地,步骤( 2 )中,所述可溶性的三价铁盐为氯化铁或无水氯化铁。
进一步地,步骤( 2 )中,所述铁盐溶液中,二价铁盐与三价铁盐的摩尔比为 1:2 ~ 5:4 。
进一步地,步骤( 2 )中,所述铁盐溶液的浓度为 0.0100~0.0164g/mL 。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述麦羟硅钠石的分散液与铁盐溶液的混合体积比为 1:1 。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述加热是加热至 50 ~ 95 ℃ 。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述碱液为氢氧化钠溶液或氨水。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,加入碱液调节混合溶液的 pH 值至 9~12 。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述共沉淀反应的时间为 1~2 h 。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述洗涤是用无水乙醇洗涤 3 次。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述干燥是在 40 ~ 80 ℃ 下真空干燥至恒重。
由上述任一项所述的制备方法制得的一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料。
所述的一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料应用于去除水污染中的有机染料,包括应用于去除水污染中的亚甲基蓝、罗丹明 B 或甲基橙。
进一步优选的,所述的一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料应用于吸附去除水溶液中的亚甲基蓝阳离子染料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
( 1 )本发明利用共沉淀法一步合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料具有较大的比表面积,同时兼具了四氧化三铁的顺磁性、生物相容性以及麦羟硅钠石的离子交换性、吸附性;
( 2 )本发明合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料中,四氧化三铁均匀负载在麦羟硅钠石的层间及表面,解决了四氧化三铁纳米粒子易团聚以及麦羟硅钠石作为吸附剂难于分离的问题;
( 3 )本发明提供的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的制备过程简单,操作容易,原料不含任何有害物质,环保节能,成本低,易于工业化生产;
( 4 )本发明的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料应用于去除水污染中的有机染料,表现出良好的吸附性能,且能够在外磁场作用下快速分离,尤其对水溶液中的亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附效果;
( 5 )本发明制备的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料具有良好的磁性,能够在外磁场作用下快速移动、聚集,且具有良好的吸附性能,因此在环境保护、生物分离和生物医学等领域都具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图 1 为实施例 1 合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的傅里叶变换红外光谱图;
图 2 为纯 magadiite 、 Fe3O4 和实施例 1 合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的 XRD 谱图;
图 3 为实施例 1 合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的磁滞回线图;
图 4a 、图 4b 和图 4c 分别为纯 magadiite 以及实施例 1 、实施例 2 合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的扫描电子显微镜( SEM )图;
图 5 为 实施例 2 中 麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料对罗丹明 B 溶液的单位吸附量随吸附时间变化的曲线图;
图 6 为实施例 3 中 麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的单位吸附量随吸附时间变化的曲线图;
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例及附图对本发明技术方案作进一步详细描述,但本发明的具体实施方式及保护范围不限于此。
实施例 1
麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的制备,步骤如下:
( 1 )称取 2.5g 的麦羟硅钠石( magadiite ),加入 50mL 蒸馏水,超声分散 30min ,然后在磁力搅拌器中搅拌 12 h ,得到麦羟硅钠石的分散液;
( 2 )称 0.2982g 的 FeCl2·4H2O 和 0.3244g 的无水 FeCl3 加入 50mL 蒸馏水中,搅拌溶解,得到铁盐溶液 ;
( 3 )在搅拌和 N2 保护下,将步骤( 1 )的麦羟硅钠石的分散液加入到步骤( 2 )的铁盐溶液中得到混合溶液,将混合溶液加热至 80 ℃ ,再逐滴滴加氢氧化钠溶液调节 pH 至 11 ,继续在 N2 保护下磁力搅拌反应 2h ,冷却至室温,沉淀产物用无水乙醇洗涤 3 次, 60 ℃ 下真空干燥至恒重,研磨,得到麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料。
经氮气吸脱附测试和 BET 方程计算得到,制备的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁的比表面积为 72m2/g ,远高于纯麦羟硅钠石的比表面积 21m2/g 。
合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的傅里叶变换红外光谱图如图 1 所示,由图 1 可知,麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁纳米复合材料含有来自麦羟硅钠石的 [SiO4] 四面体的对称伸缩振动吸收峰( 1089cm-1 ), Si-O-Si 的弯曲振动峰( 461cm-1 ),同时也含有来自四氧化三铁的 Fe-O 振动吸收峰( 576 cm-1 ),表明四氧化三铁成功负载了麦羟硅钠石上。
纯 magadiite 、 Fe3O4 和合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的 XRD 谱图如图 2 所示,由图 2 可知,麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性同时含有 magadiite 和 Fe3O4 的衍射峰,进一步说明了通过共沉淀法成功合成了麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料。
合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的磁滞回线图如图 3 所示,由图 3 可知,麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料具有良好的顺磁性。
实施例 2
麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的制备,步骤如下:
( 1 )称取 1g 的麦羟硅钠石,加入 50mL 蒸馏水,超声分散 10 分钟,然后在磁力搅拌器中搅拌 6h ,得到麦羟硅钠石的分散液;
( 2 )称 0.1988g 的 FeCl2·4H2O 和 0.3244g 的无水 FeCl3 加入 50mL 蒸馏水中,搅拌溶解,得到铁盐溶液 ;
( 3 )在搅拌和 N2 保护下,将步骤( 1 )的麦羟硅钠石的分散液加入到步骤( 2 )的铁盐溶液中,得到混合溶液,将混合溶液加热至 50 ℃ ,再逐滴滴加氢氧化钠溶液调节 pH 至 9 ,继续在 N2 保护下磁力搅拌反应 1h ,冷却至室温,沉淀产物用无水乙醇洗涤 3 次, 80 ℃ 下真空干燥至恒重,研磨,得到麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料。
纯 magadiite 以及实施例 1 、实施例 2 合成的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的扫描电子显微镜图分别如图 4a 、图 4b 和图 4c 所示,由图 4a 、图 4b 和图 4c 可知,四氧化三铁能够均匀负载在麦羟硅钠石的层间及表面。
将上述步骤制备的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料用于吸附水溶液中的阳离子染料罗丹明 B ,步骤如下:
( 1 )配制浓度为 1g/L 的罗丹明 B 水溶液,作为储备液,然后将其稀释成浓度为 100mg/L 的罗丹明 B 溶液;
( 2 )取 50mL 100mg/L 的罗丹明 B 溶液,调节其 pH 为 7 ,然后加入 50mg 麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料(即吸附剂的浓度为 1g/L ),在室温下吸附 5 、 10 、 20 、 30 、 40 、 60 、 90 和 120min ,用紫外分光光度计测定上清液的吸光度,得到溶液中残留罗丹明 B 的浓度,进而得出吸附剂麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料对罗丹明 B 溶液的单位吸附量随吸附时间变化的曲线。
麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料对罗丹明 B 溶液的单位吸附量随吸附时间变化的曲线图如图 5 所示,由图 5 可知,麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料对罗丹明 B 溶液的吸附性能优于纯麦羟硅钠石和四氧化三铁。
实施例 3
麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料的制备,步骤如下:
( 1 )称取 2g 的麦羟硅钠石,加入 50mL 蒸馏水,超声分散 20 分钟,然后在磁力搅拌器中搅拌 8h ,得到麦羟硅钠石的分散液;
( 2 )称 0.497g 的 FeCl2·4H2O 和 0.3244g 的无水 FeCl3 加入 50mL 蒸馏水中,搅拌溶解,得到铁盐溶液 ;
( 3 )在搅拌和 N2 保护下,将步骤( 1 )的麦羟硅钠石的分散液加入到步骤( 2 )的铁盐溶液中,得到混合溶液,将混合溶液加热至 95 ℃ ,再逐滴滴加氢氧化钠溶液调节 pH 至 12 ,继续在 N2 保护下磁力搅拌反应 1.5h ,冷却至室温,沉淀产物用无水乙醇洗涤 3 次, 40 ℃ 下真空干燥至恒重,研磨,得到麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料。
将上述步骤制备的麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料用于吸附水溶液中的阳离子染料亚甲基蓝,步骤如下:
( 1 )称取 1g 亚甲基蓝染料,用去离子水溶解,配制成浓度为 1g/L 的亚甲基蓝标准溶液,然后将其稀释成 100mg/L 的亚甲基蓝染料溶液;
( 2 )取 50mL 100mg/L 的亚甲基蓝溶液,调节其 pH 为 7 ,然后加入 50mg 麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料(即吸附剂的浓度为 1g/L ),分别在室温下吸附 5 、 10 、 20 、 30 、 40 、 60 、 90 和 120min ,取样,用紫外分光光度计测定上清液的吸光度,得到溶液中残留亚甲基蓝的浓度,进而得到吸附剂麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的单位吸附量随吸附时间变化的曲线。
麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的单位吸附量随吸附时间变化的曲线图如图 6 所示,由图 6 可知,浓度为 1g/L 的磁性纳米复合材料对 100mg/L 的亚甲基蓝溶液的单位吸附量可达到 95mg/g ,远高于同等条件下纯麦羟硅钠石和纯四氧化三铁对亚甲基蓝溶液的单位吸附量。
以上实施例仅为本发明较优的实施方式,
仅用于解释本发明,而非限制本发明,本领域技术人员在未脱离本发明精神实质与原理下所作的任何改变、替换、组合、简化、修饰等,均应为等效的置换方式,均应包含在本发明的保护范围内 。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    ( 1 )将麦羟硅钠石经超声、搅拌均匀分散在蒸馏水中,得到麦羟硅钠石的分散液;
    ( 2 )氮气保护下,将可溶性的二价铁盐和三价铁盐溶于蒸馏水中,搅拌分散均匀,得到铁盐溶液;
    ( 3 )氮气保护下,搅拌中将麦羟硅钠石的分散液加入到铁盐溶液中得到混合溶液,将混合溶液加热后,加入碱液调节混合溶液的 pH 值至强碱性,搅拌下进行共沉淀反应,反应结束后冷却至室温,沉淀产物经洗涤、干燥,研磨,得到麦羟硅钠石 / 四氧化三铁磁性纳米复合材料,即所述基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 1 )中,所述麦羟硅钠石的分散液的浓度为 0.02~0.05g/mL 。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 2 )中,所述可溶性的二价铁盐为硫酸亚铁、氯化亚铁和硝酸亚铁中的一种;所述可溶性的三价铁盐为氯化铁或无水氯化铁。
  4. 根据权利要求 1 的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 2 )中,所述铁盐溶液中,二价铁盐与三价铁盐的摩尔比为 1:2 ~ 5:4 。
  5. 根据权利要求 1 的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 3 )中,所述麦羟硅钠石的分散液与铁盐溶液的混合体积比为 1:1 。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 3 )中,所述加热是加热至 50 ~ 95 ℃ 。
  7. 根据权利要求 1 的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 3 )中,所述碱液为氢氧化钠溶液或氨水;加入碱液调节混合溶液的 pH 值至 9~12 。
  8. 根据权利要求 1 的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 3 )中,所述共沉淀反应的时间为 1~2 h ;所述洗涤是用无水乙醇洗涤 3 次;所述干燥是在 40 ~ 80 ℃ 下真空干燥至恒重。
  9. 由权利要求 1~8 任一项所述的制备方法制得的一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料。
  10. 权利要求 9 所述的一种基于二维层状材料麦羟硅钠石的磁性纳米复合材料应用于去除水污染中的有机染料,其特征在于,所述有机染料包括亚甲基蓝、罗丹明 B 或 甲基橙。
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