WO2019200675A1 - 一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法 - Google Patents

一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法 Download PDF

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WO2019200675A1
WO2019200675A1 PCT/CN2018/089940 CN2018089940W WO2019200675A1 WO 2019200675 A1 WO2019200675 A1 WO 2019200675A1 CN 2018089940 W CN2018089940 W CN 2018089940W WO 2019200675 A1 WO2019200675 A1 WO 2019200675A1
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tributyrin
starch
cyclodextrin
enzymatically
maltodextrin
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French (fr)
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李才明
李兆丰
陈双娣
顾正彪
冯焱
李泽西
程力
洪雁
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Jiangnan University
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Jiangnan University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6949—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes
    • A61K47/6951—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes using cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/18—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for enzymatically encapsulating tributyrin, and belongs to the technical field of oil microencapsulation.
  • Trisuccinate (glycerol tributyrate, C 15 H 26 O 6 ) is esterified from three molecules of butyric acid and one molecule of glycerol.
  • butyric acid as a kind of short-chain fatty acid, is considered as a potential substitute for antibiotic feed additives due to its environmental protection, safe use, improved animal performance and maintenance of intestinal structural integrity, but in practical applications.
  • problems in the process such as easy release, volatility, special odor, and short half-life.
  • tributyrin As a precursor of butyric acid, tributyrin has a long half-life, easy to use, safe and non-toxic side effects, which not only solves the problem that butyric acid is difficult to add in liquid volatile, but also improves the smell of butyric acid. Disadvantages, at the same time, it also promotes the healthy development of the intestines of livestock and poultry, improves the immunity of the body, promotes the digestion and absorption of nutrients, plays an important role in regulating metabolism and maintaining the health of animals, and therefore becomes a better nutrition. Sex additive products.
  • the cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharide obtained by a cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) by a characteristic cyclization reaction to a glucan polymer such as starch, glycogen, and maltooligosaccharide. They are composed of 6 or more D-glucopyranose linked by an ⁇ -1,4-glycosidic bond. Common cyclodextrins are alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins formed by the attachment of 6, 7 and 8 glucose units, which are also the most widely used cyclodextrins in the industry.
  • cyclodextrin Due to its slightly conical hollow cylindrical shape, cyclodextrin has the characteristics of external hydrophilicity and internal hydrophobicity, which can form inclusion complexes with many hydrophobic guest molecules, which can change the physical and chemical properties of guest molecules, such as solubility, Volatility and chemical properties, etc.
  • ⁇ -, ⁇ - and ⁇ -cyclodextrin are acid-resistant, heat-resistant, alkali-resistant, non-hygroscopic, have no fixed melting point, and have good thermal stability.
  • tributyrin Although tributyrin has better potential application value than butyric acid and its salts, it also has certain odor and poor fluidity. It utilizes the special inner cavity of cyclodextrin to encapsulate tributyric acid. Glycerides are effective in improving their dispersibility and fluidity, masking odors, and extending shelf life. If the cyclodextrin product is directly used as the wall material to encapsulate the tributyrin, there are disadvantages such as high cost, low oil content and poor solubility, and the production process of the combined cyclodextrin has not been reported.
  • the invention provides a method for enzymatically encapsulating tributyrin, which combines the process of enzymatic synthesis of cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin with tributyrin, including CGT enzymatic preparation of cyclodextrin.
  • tributyrin is added, and after the reaction, an emulsifier is added, homogenized, and spray-dried, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the invention consists in enzymatic synthesis of cyclodextrin from 15% to 30% of starch milk or maltodextrin solution, and further comprises tributyrin, ie the core material is tributyrin.
  • the wall material is a mixture of a cyclodextrin, a dextrin, and an emulsifier (for example, Tween) added after the enzyme acts on the substrate.
  • the raw material used in the present invention may be one or more of corn starch, waxy corn starch, potato starch, rice starch, tapioca starch and wheat starch, or the DE value of the above starch source is between 5 and 25. Maltodextrin.
  • the method comprises six steps of liquefaction, cyclization, mixing emulsification, shearing, homogenization and spray drying in sequence:
  • the emulsifier may be one or more of Tween, gum arabic, xanthan gum, etc., and the amount of emulsifier added with starch or maltodextrin
  • the mass ratio is (0.3 to 0.5): 1;
  • the homogenization pressure is 30-40 MPa, and the number of homogenization times is 2 to 3 times;
  • the emulsion obtained in (5) is spray-dried to obtain a powder of tributyrin, and the spray drying conditions are: an inlet air temperature of 180 to 185 ° C, an outlet temperature of 85 to 95 ° C, and a feed flow rate of 20 to 22 mL / Min.
  • the present invention is characterized by combining an enzymatic synthesis cyclodextrin with a cyclodextrin inclusion tributyrin, a cyclodextrin, a dextrin obtained by an enzyme acting on a substrate, and an emulsifier added after completion.
  • the wall material is used to contain tributyrin, the process is simple, the cyclodextrin separation and purification steps are eliminated, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
  • the tributyrin powder prepared by the invention has good embedding effect, can better improve the solubility and dispersibility of tributyrin, prolong the storage period, and ensure the quality of the product.
  • FIG. 1 Nanoparticle size distribution of emulsion prepared by different substrates (A: corn starch; B: potato starch; C: maltodextrin).
  • Fig. 3 is a nanometer particle size distribution diagram of emulsion prepared under different homogenization pressures (A: 20-30 MPa; B: 30-40 MPa; C: 40-50 MPa).
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the state in which the emulsion and the powdered fat without adding an emulsifier and the added emulsifier are dissolved (A: emulsion; B: solution after the powdered fat is dissolved).
  • ⁇ -cyclodextrin ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin in the emulsion or powder product was determined as follows:
  • the content of tributyrin in the emulsion or powder product was determined by HPLC method:
  • the column was selected as a C18 column with a column temperature of 30 ° C, a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (60:40), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an absorption wavelength of 225 nm.
  • Tributyric acid glyceride was previously mixed with ethanol (mass ratio of tributyrin to ethanol: 1:1), 4% ⁇ -cyclodextrin was dissolved by heating and cooled to 50 ° C, then the ethanol solution of tributyrin was slowly It is added to the above solution, wherein the mass ratio of the addition of tributyrin to ⁇ -cyclodextrin is (0.1 to 0.5):1. Shake well and shake well, and sonicate at 50 ° C for 30 min. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was freeze-dried, dried, and sealed.
  • the emulsion obtained in (4) is homogenized to obtain a uniformly stable emulsion, the homogenization pressure is 30 to 40 MPa, and the number of homogenization is 2 to 3 times.
  • the emulsion obtained in (5) is spray-dried to obtain a powder of tributyrin, and the spray drying conditions are: an inlet air temperature of 180 to 185 ° C, an outlet temperature of 85 to 95 ° C, and a feed flow rate of 20 to 22 mL / Min.
  • the emulsion obtained in (4) is homogenized to obtain a uniformly stable emulsion, the homogenization pressure is 30 to 40 MPa, and the number of homogenization is 2 to 3 times.
  • the emulsion obtained in (5) is spray-dried to obtain a powder of tributyrin, and the spray drying conditions are: an inlet air temperature of 180 to 185 ° C, an outlet temperature of 85 to 95 ° C, and a feed flow rate of 20 to 22 mL / Min.
  • the nanoparticle diameter results of the obtained emulsion are shown in Fig. 1.
  • the particle sizes of the three emulsions are mainly distributed between 70 and 1000 nm, and have good uniformity. At the same time, the three emulsions did not stratify after 15 days of standing, and the uniformity was stable.
  • the powder prepared by spray drying has good dispersibility and taste, and no oil leakage after 15 days of standing.
  • the emulsion obtained in (4) is homogenized to obtain a uniformly stable emulsion, the homogenization pressure is 30 to 40 MPa, and the number of homogenization is 2 to 3 times.
  • the emulsion obtained in (5) is spray-dried to obtain a powder of tributyrin, and the spray drying conditions are: an inlet air temperature of 180 to 185 ° C, an outlet temperature of 85 to 95 ° C, and a feed flow rate of 20 to 22 mL / Min.
  • the yield results of the three cyclodextrins in the solution obtained by different liquefaction plus enzyme amounts are shown in Fig. 2.
  • the CGT enzyme was added in a low amount during liquefaction (1 and 1.5 U/g)
  • the main product ⁇ -cyclodextrin was significantly lower, ⁇ -cyclodextrin was not detected; and the addition amount was 2, 3 and 4 U/
  • the yield of the main product ⁇ -cyclodextrin reached 10.8, 11.2 and 11.6 g/L, respectively.
  • the amount of enzyme added was ⁇ 1.5 U/g, and the viscosity of the system was high, which may cause insufficient agitation during the cyclization process and low yield of cyclodextrin.
  • the higher viscosity of the system is not conducive to subsequent operations such as emulsification mixing, shearing and homogenization.
  • the amount of enzyme is 2, 3 and 4 U/g, the prepared solution has a suitable viscosity and is easy to be stirred, and can be subjected to subsequent emulsification mixing, shearing and homogenization, etc., and the powder obtained by spray drying has good dispersibility and taste. Reduced, no oil leakage after 15 days of placement.
  • the emulsion obtained in (4) is homogenized to obtain a uniformly stable emulsion, and the homogenization pressure is divided into 20 to 30, 30 to 40, and 40 to 50 MPa, and the number of homogenization times is 2 to 3 times;
  • the emulsion obtained in (5) is spray-dried to obtain a powder of tributyrin, and the spray drying conditions are: an inlet air temperature of 180 to 185 ° C, an outlet temperature of 85 to 95 ° C, and a feed flow rate of 20 to 22 mL / Min.
  • the nanoparticle size distribution of the emulsion obtained under different homogenization pressures is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the particle size distribution is relatively uneven, mainly concentrated at 1000 nm, and above 30 MPa pressure, the homogenized emulsions are normally distributed.
  • 40 ⁇ 50MPa makes the particle size of the emulsion smaller, the increase is not large, and the requirements for homogenizer equipment are high. Therefore, it is more suitable to select a homogenization pressure of 30 to 40 MPa.
  • Example 5 Effect of adding emulsifier on the preparation of powdered tributyrin
  • the homogenization pressure is 30-40 MPa, and the number of homogenization times is 2 to 3 times;
  • the emulsion obtained in (5) is spray-dried to obtain a powder of tributyrin, and the spray drying conditions are: an inlet air temperature of 180 to 185 ° C, an outlet temperature of 85 to 95 ° C, and a feed flow rate of 20 to 22 mL / Min.
  • the solution obtained by dissolving the emulsion obtained by adding the emulsifier and the emulsifier without adding the emulsifier and the powdered fat was placed for 24 hours, and the results were compared. The results are shown in Fig. 4. It can be clearly seen that the emulsion and the powdered fat are dissolved without adding the emulsifier. After the solution was left for a while, delamination occurred; while the emulsion and powdered fat obtained by adding the emulsifier were uniformly stable and did not delaminate.
  • the homogenization pressure is 30-40 MPa, and the number of homogenization times is 2 to 3 times;
  • the emulsion obtained in (5) is spray-dried to obtain a powder of tributyrin, and the spray drying conditions are: an inlet air temperature of 180 to 185 ° C, an outlet temperature of 85 to 95 ° C, and a feed flow rate of 20 to 22 mL / Min.
  • the oil content and state results measured by the powders and fats prepared under different addition amounts are shown in Table 2.
  • the ratio of tributyrin to starch is (0.30-0.75): 1
  • the obtained emulsion is stable and the powder oil state and solubility are good, and with the increase of the amount of tributyrin added, the oil content is higher. The higher it is.
  • the ratio of tributyrin to starch is 1:1, the emulsion has a stratification phenomenon, and the powder is slightly greasy; the oil content is slightly increased, but the increase is not large.
  • the main reason may be that the addition amount of tributyrin is too large, which may result in poor embedding of the system, and the unembedded part is more unstable in the spray drying process, and is easily decomposed by heat.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，属于油脂微胶囊化技术领域。本发明将酶法合成环糊精和环糊精包合三丁酸甘油酯相结合，包括CGT酶酶法制备环糊精，制备过程中加入三丁酸甘油酯，反应后添加吐温，均质，喷雾干燥。最终得到的三丁酸甘油酯粉末效果远好于单一环糊精包合效果。本发明工艺简单、成本低廉、操作方便，反应过程无毒害无污染，无有毒试剂残留，包合效果显著，有利于三丁酸甘油酯这一营养性添加剂在实际生产中更好地得到利用。

Description

一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，属于油脂微胶囊化技术领域。
背景技术
三丁酸甘油酯(甘油三丁酸酯,C 15H 26O 6)，是由三分子丁酸和一分子甘油酯化而成。其中，丁酸作为短链脂肪酸的一种，以其绿色环保、使用安全、提高动物生产性能、维持肠道结构完整性等功能，被认为是抗生素类饲料添加剂的潜在替代品，但在实际应用过程中存在许多问题，如易游离性、易挥发性、臭味特殊、半衰期较短。而三丁酸甘油酯作为丁酸的前体物，半衰期长，使用方便，安全无毒副作用，既解决了丁酸为液态易挥发难以添加的特点，又改善了直接使用丁酸气味难闻的缺点，同时也具有促进畜禽肠道健康发育，提高机体免疫能力.促进营养物质消化吸收等功能，在调节新陈代谢及维护动物机体健康等方面发挥着重要的作用，因此，成为目前较好的营养性添加剂产品。
环糊精是由环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(CGT酶)通过其特征环化反应作用于淀粉、糖原和麦芽低聚糖等葡聚糖聚合物而得到的环状低聚糖。它们由6个及6个以上D-吡喃葡萄糖经α-1,4-糖苷键连接而成的。常见的环糊精是以6、7和8个葡萄糖单元连接形成的α-、β-和γ-环糊精，这三种环糊精也是目前工业上应用最多的环糊精。环糊精由于略呈锥状的中空圆筒形，具有外部亲水、内部疏水的特性，使其能与许多疏水性客体分子形成包合物，从而能改变客体分子的理化性质，如溶解度、挥发性和化学性能等。同时，α-、β-和γ-环糊精耐酸、耐热、耐碱，无吸湿性，没有固定的熔点，热稳定性较好。
三丁酸甘油酯虽比丁酸及其盐类具有更好的潜在应用价值，但也存在一定的异味、流动性差问题，利用环糊精其特殊的内腔这一特点来包合三丁酸甘油酯，能有效地改善其分散性和流动性、掩蔽异味以及延长保存期。若直接采用环糊精产品作为壁材对三丁酸甘油酯进行包合，存在成本高、含油率低、溶解性差等缺点，而结合环糊精生产过程还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，即将酶法合成环糊精和环糊精包合三丁酸甘油酯的过程相结合，包括CGT酶酶法制备环糊精，制备过程中加入三丁酸甘油酯，反应后添加乳化剂，均质，喷雾干燥，从而降低成本。
本发明采用的技术方案在于以15％～30％的淀粉乳或麦芽糊精溶液为原料进行酶法合成环糊精，进而包合三丁酸甘油酯，即芯材为三丁酸甘油酯，壁材为酶作用于底物后得到的环 糊精、糊精及结束后加入的乳化剂(例如吐温)等的混合物。
本发明中所用的原料可为玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、大米淀粉、木薯淀粉和小麦淀粉中的一种或几种，或是上述淀粉来源的DE值为5～25之间的麦芽糊精。
本发明的一种实施方式中，所述方法按顺序进行液化，环化反应，混合乳化，剪切，均质和喷雾干燥六个步骤：
(1)在淀粉乳或麦芽糊精溶液中加入2～4U/(g淀粉或麦芽糊精湿基)CGT酶在80～90℃下液化30～60min；
(2)冷却至37～45℃后，加入2～4U/(g淀粉或麦芽糊精湿基)CGT酶环化反应8～12h，反应结束后加入三丁酸甘油酯，所述三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉或麦芽糊精的质量比为(0.30～0.75)：1；
(3)在上述的溶液中加入乳化剂，混合均匀；所述乳化剂可以是吐温、阿拉伯胶、黄原胶等中的一种或几种，乳化剂添加量与淀粉或麦芽糊精的质量比为(0.3～0.5)：1；
(4)高速剪切机8000～20000rpm下高速剪切上述溶液2～5min；
(5)将(4)得到的乳化液均质得到均一稳定的乳化液，均质压力为30～40MPa，均质次数为2～3次；
(6)将(5)得到的乳化液喷雾干燥得到粉末三丁酸甘油酯，喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明通过将酶法合成环糊精和环糊精包合三丁酸甘油酯相结合，以酶作用于底物后得到的环糊精、糊精及结束后加入的乳化剂作为壁材，来包合三丁酸甘油酯，工艺简单，省却了环糊精分离纯化步骤，大大降低了生产成本。
(2)利用CGT酶作用于淀粉时，除了生成环糊精外，还生成一些低聚糖、糊精等物质，低聚糖、糊精等物质在微胶囊可与其他壁材成分复合使用，而不必进行分离纯化，能使成本大大降低。
(3)本发明制备的三丁酸甘油酯粉末包埋效果好，可以较好地改善三丁酸甘油酯的溶解性和分散性，延长贮存期，保证了产品的质量。
附图说明
图1不同底物制备的乳化液纳米粒径分布图(A：玉米淀粉；B：马铃薯淀粉；C：麦芽糊精)。
图2液化加酶量对环糊精产量的影响。
图3不同均质压力下制备的乳化液纳米粒径分布图(A:20～30MPa；B:30～40MPa；C:40～50MPa)。
图4未添加乳化剂和添加乳化剂的乳液和粉末油脂溶解后的状态图(A：乳液；B：粉末油脂溶解后的溶液)。
具体实施方式
乳化液或粉末产品中α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精含量的测定按如下方法进行：
(1)取一定量的乳化液或粉末产品，用10mM磷酸缓冲液(pH 6.5)稀一定倍数，混匀，待用。
(2)α-环糊精含量的测定采用甲基橙法：取稀释一定倍数后的待测溶液，加入1.0M的盐酸溶液1.0mL，再加入1.0mL由10mM磷酸缓冲液配制的0.1mM甲基橙溶液，在室温下显色20min，在505nm下测定吸光度。以缓冲液作为空白。
(3)β-环糊精含量的测定采用酚酞法：取稀释一定倍数后的待测溶液，加入3.5mL 30mM NaOH，再加入0.5mL由5mMNa 2CO 3溶液配制的0.02％(w/v)酚酞溶液，在室温下显色20min，在550nm下测定吸光度。以缓冲液作为空白。
(4)γ-环糊精含量的测定采用溴甲酚绿法：取稀释一定倍数后的待测溶液，加入1.0M的盐酸溶液50μL，随后加入0.2M、pH 4.2的柠檬酸缓冲液2mL和5mM BCG溶液100μL，在室温下显色20min，在615nm下测定吸光度。以缓冲液作为空白。
乳化液或粉末产品中三丁酸甘油酯含量的测定采用HPLC法：
选择色谱柱为C18柱，柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-水(60：40)，流速1.0mL/min，吸收波长为225nm。
实施例1环糊精包合三丁酸甘油酯和酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的比较
直接以环糊精包合三丁酸甘油酯的过程如下：
三丁酸甘油酯预先用乙醇混合(三丁酸甘油酯与乙醇质量比1：1)，4％β-环糊精加热溶解后冷却至50℃后，将三丁酸甘油酯的乙醇溶液缓慢加入至上述溶液中，其中，三丁酸甘油酯添加量与β-环糊精质量比为(0.1～0.5)：1。充分振荡混匀，在50℃下超声30min。反应结束后，进行冷冻干燥，得到干燥，密封保存。
酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的制备过程如下进行：
(1)以质量浓度20％的玉米淀粉溶液为底物，加入CGT酶于90℃下液化60min，其中CGT酶的添加量为2U/(g淀粉湿基)；
(2)冷却至45℃，加入2U/(g淀粉)CGT酶进行环化反应12h，结束后往体系中添加三丁 酸甘油酯，三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉原料比为(0.3～0.5)：1(质量比)；
(3)在上述溶液中加入吐温-20乳化剂混合均匀，乳化剂与淀粉比为0.2：1(质量比)；
(4)高速剪切机8000～2000rpm下高速剪切上述溶液2～5min；
(5)将(4)得到的乳化液均质得到均一稳定的乳化液，均质压力为30～40MPa，均质次数为2～3次。
(6)将(5)得到的乳化液喷雾干燥得到粉末三丁酸甘油酯，喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
对直接采用环糊精产品对三丁酸甘油酯进行包合和将酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯制得的粉末油脂进行观察结果见表1：采用不同三丁酸甘油酯、β-环糊精添加比得到的环糊精包合三丁酸甘油酯的3个产品中，添加量为0.3：1及以上时，粉末油脂有油腻感，并且味道较重，而且将产品于室温下溶解在水中，均出现明显的分层现象；而酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯制得的粉末油脂均一稳定，味道明显减轻，溶解后放置一段时间后未出现分层现象。因此，酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯具有溶解度高、掩盖气味好的优势。
表1环糊精包合三丁酸甘油酯和酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯比较结果
Figure PCTCN2018089940-appb-000001
1粉末与水以0.05：1比例混合均匀，放置5天后观察其状态。
实施例2以不同底物制备三丁酸甘油酯包埋物
三丁酸甘油酯粉末油脂的制备过程按如下进行：
(1)分别以质量浓度20％的玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或麦芽糊精(DE＝10)为底物，加入2U/(g淀粉或麦芽糊湿基)CGT酶于90℃下液化60min；
(2)冷却至45℃，加入2U/(g淀粉或麦芽糊湿基)CGT酶进行环化反应12h，结束后往体系中添加三丁酸甘油酯，三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉或麦芽糊精原料比为0.30：1(质量比)；
(3)在上述溶液中加入吐温-20乳化剂混合均匀，乳化剂与淀粉或麦芽糊精比为0.2：1(质量比)
(4)高速剪切机8000～2000rpm下高速剪切上述溶液2～5min；
(5)将(4)得到的乳化液均质得到均一稳定的乳化液，均质压力为30～40MPa，均质次数为2～3次。(6)将(5)得到的乳化液喷雾干燥得到粉末三丁酸甘油酯，喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
分别以玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或麦芽糊精为底物时，所得的乳化液的纳米粒径结果见图1。三种乳化液的粒径主要分布在70～1000nm之间，具有较好的均一性。同时，3种乳化液放置15天后仍不分层，均一稳定。喷雾干燥后制得的粉末分散性好，味道减轻，放置15天后无渗油现象。
实施例3液化加酶量对粉末三丁酸甘油酯制备过程中乳液的影响
三丁酸甘油酯粉末油脂的制备过程按如下进行：
(1)以20％的玉米淀粉为底物，加入CGT酶于90℃下液化60min，其中液化加酶量分别为1、1.5、2、3、4U/(g淀粉湿基)；
(2)冷却至45℃，加入2U/(g淀粉)CGT酶进行环化反应12h，结束后往体系中添加三丁酸甘油酯，三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉原料比为0.30：1(质量比)；
(3)在上述溶液中加入吐温-20乳化剂混合均匀，乳化剂与淀粉比为0.2：1(质量比)；
(4)高速剪切机8000～2000rpm下高速剪切上述溶液2～5min；
(5)将(4)得到的乳化液均质得到均一稳定的乳化液，均质压力为30～40MPa，均质次数为2～3次。
(6)将(5)得到的乳化液喷雾干燥得到粉末三丁酸甘油酯，喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
不同液化加酶量得到的溶液中三种环糊精的产量结果见图2。CGT酶在液化过程中添加量较低(1和1.5U/g)时，主产物β-环糊精明显较低，γ-环糊精未测出；而添加量为2、3和4U/g时，主产物β-环糊精产量分别达到10.8、11.2和11.6g/L。同时，在液化并随后环化过程中发现加酶量≤1.5U/g，体系粘度较高，这可能造成环化过程中因搅拌不充分，环糊精产量较低。另外，体系粘度较高不利于后续的乳化混合、剪切和均质等操作。而加酶量为2、3和4U/g时，制得的溶液粘度合适，易搅拌，可以进行后续的乳化混合、剪切和均质等操作，喷雾干燥制得的粉末分散性好，味道减轻，放置15天后无渗油现象。
实施例4均质压力对粉末三丁酸甘油酯制备过程中乳液的影响
三丁酸甘油酯粉末油脂的制备过程按如下进行：
(1)以20％的玉米淀粉为底物，加入CGT酶于90℃下液化60min，其中液化加酶量为2U/(g淀粉湿基)；
(2)冷却至45℃，加入2U/(g淀粉)CGT酶进行环化反应12h，结束后往体系中添加三丁酸甘油酯，三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉原料比为0.30：1(质量比)；
(3)在上述溶液中加入吐温-20乳化剂混合均匀，乳化剂与淀粉比为0.2：1(质量比)；
(4)高速剪切机8000～2000rpm下高速剪切上述溶液2～5min；
(5)将(4)得到的乳化液均质得到均一稳定的乳化液，均质压力分为20～30、30～40和40～50MPa，均质次数为2～3次；
(6)将(5)得到的乳化液喷雾干燥得到粉末三丁酸甘油酯，喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
不同均质压力下得到的乳化液的纳米粒径分布见图3，均质压力越大，乳液的主要分布粒径越小。在低的均质压力(20～30MPa)下，粒径分布较不均匀，主要集中在1000nm处，而在30MPa压力以上，均质后的乳液均呈正态分布。40～50MPa虽使乳液的粒径更小，但提升幅度不大，且对均质机设备要求较高。因此，选取均质压力为30～40MPa较为合适。
实施例5是否添加乳化剂对粉末三丁酸甘油酯制备的影响
三丁酸甘油酯粉末油脂的制备过程按如下进行：
(1)以20％的玉米淀粉为底物，加入CGT酶于90℃下液化60min，其中液化加酶量为2U/(g淀粉湿基)；
(2)冷却至45℃，加入2U/(g淀粉)CGT酶进行环化反应12h，结束后往体系中添加三丁酸甘油酯，三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉原料比为0.30：1(质量比)；
(3)在上述溶液中加入吐温-20乳化剂混合均匀，乳化剂与淀粉比为0.2：1(质量比)，以不添加乳化剂为参照；
(4)高速剪切机8000～2000rpm下高速剪切上述溶液2～5min；
(5)将(4)得到的乳化液均质得到均一稳定的乳化液，均质压力为30～40MPa，均质次数为2～3次；
(6)将(5)得到的乳化液喷雾干燥得到粉末三丁酸甘油酯，喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
将未添加乳化剂和添加乳化剂条件下得到的乳液及粉末油脂溶解后的溶液放置24h后进行状态对比，结果见图4，能明显看到，不添加乳化剂时，乳状液和粉末油脂溶解后的溶液放置一段时间后出现分层的现象；而添加乳化剂制得的乳状液和粉末油脂均均一稳定且不分层。
实施例6三丁酸甘油酯添加量对粉末三丁酸甘油酯制备的影响
三丁酸甘油酯粉末油脂的制备过程按如下进行：
(1)以20％的玉米淀粉为底物，加入CGT酶于90℃下液化60min，其中液化加酶量为2U/(g淀粉湿基)；
(2)冷却至45℃，加入2U/(g淀粉)CGT酶进行环化反应12h，结束后往体系中添加三丁酸甘油酯，三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉原料比为0.30：1、0.50：1、0.75：1、1：1(质量比)；
(3)在上述溶液中加入吐温-20乳化剂混合均匀，乳化剂与淀粉比为0.2：1(质量比)，以不添加乳化剂为参照；
(4)高速剪切机8000～2000rpm下高速剪切上述溶液2～5min；
(5)将(4)得到的乳化液均质得到均一稳定的乳化液，均质压力为30～40MPa，均质次数为2～3次；
(6)将(5)得到的乳化液喷雾干燥得到粉末三丁酸甘油酯，喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
不同添加量下制得的粉末油脂测得的含油率及状态结果见表2。三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉比为(0.30～0.75)：1时，制得的乳化液稳定且粉末油脂状态及溶解性均良好，且随着三丁酸甘油酯添加量的增加，含油率越来越高。但三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉比为1：1时，乳化液有分层的现象，且粉末稍有油腻；含油率稍有提高，但提高幅度不大。主要原因可能是三丁酸甘油酯添加量过多，会导致体系包埋效果不好，未包埋的部分在喷雾干燥过程中更不稳定，受热易分解。
表2不同油脂添加量制得粉末油脂的含油率及状态
Figure PCTCN2018089940-appb-000002
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可做各种的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，以质量浓度15％～30％的淀粉乳或麦芽糊精溶液为原料，加酶进行液化、环化反应，并在环化反应结束后，添加三丁酸甘油酯、乳化剂，进而包合三丁酸甘油酯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、大米淀粉、木薯淀粉和小麦淀粉中的一种或几种，所述麦芽糊精是上述淀粉来源的DE值为5～25之间的麦芽糊精。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，所述方法的步骤顺序为液化反应、环化反应、混合乳化、剪切、均质和喷雾干燥。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，所述酶为环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，所述的三丁酸甘油酯与淀粉或麦芽糊精的质量比为(0.30～0.75)：1。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，液化时，环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶添加量为2～4U/g淀粉或麦芽糊精湿基，液化温度为80～90℃，液化反应时间为30～60min。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，环化时，环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶添加量为2～4U/g淀粉或麦芽糊精湿基，环化温度为45℃，环化反应时间为8～12h。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，所述乳化剂为吐温、阿拉伯胶、黄原胶等中的一种或几种，乳化剂与淀粉或麦芽糊精的质量比为(0.3～0.5)：1。
  9. 根据权利要求3-8任一所述的一种酶法包合三丁酸甘油酯的方法，其特征在于，剪切速度为8000～20000rpm，剪切时间为2～5min；均质压力为30～40MPa，均质次数为2～3次；喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度180～185℃，出风温度85～95℃，进料流量为20～22mL/min。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一所述方法制备得到的包合物，其特征在于，芯材为三丁酸甘油酯，壁材为酶作用于底物后得到的环糊精、糊精与乳化剂混合物。
  11. 权利要求10所述包合物在制备饲料用抗生素添加剂的替代物中的应用。
  12. 含有权利要求10所述包合物的饲料用抗生素添加剂替代物。
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