CN112877383B - 一种固定化脂肪酶催化柠檬酸功能化β-环糊精及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种固定化脂肪酶催化柠檬酸功能化β-环糊精及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种固定化脂肪酶催化柠檬酸功能化β‑环糊精及其制备方法,属于载体材料领域。本发明采用β‑环糊精和柠檬酸为原料,固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,通过酯化反应制备得到了含有羧基的β‑环糊精,可以改善β‑环糊精的活性和亲水性。本发明采用β‑环糊精和柠檬酸为原料,固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,产物的活性和亲水性得到进一步的提高,其制备方法具有原料和催化剂绿色、反应温度温和和接枝率高的特点,且接枝率测试方法简便有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于载体材料领域,具体涉及一种固定化脂肪酶催化柠檬酸功能化β-环糊精及其制备方法。
背景技术
β-环糊精是由1,4-糖苷键链接7个D-吡喃葡萄糖苷单元的环状低聚糖,β-环糊精具有两亲性、生物相容性好、免疫原性低、来源广泛和价格低廉的优点,可以提高药物的溶解性和稳定性,加强药物吸收,掩盖不必要的气味和味道,控制药物释放,通过生物屏障(载体)提高药物的渗透性,在药物制剂、食品、香料、化妆品、包装和纺织品等领域得到了广泛应用。但β-环糊精表面缺少羧基,难于与具有氨基的化合物结合,以合成新的化合物,可采用接枝改性的方法,改善β-环糊精的活性和亲水性。可用于接枝改性的化合物很多,因柠檬酸具有天然无毒、反应活性强和原料易得的多种优势,故选用柠檬酸作为β-环糊精的改性剂;脂肪酶由一种经过基因改性的米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)微生物进行深层发酵并吸附在大孔丙烯酸树脂上而制成。Novozym 435是一种热稳定脂肪酶的固定化制剂,是一种三酰甘油水解酶,它特别适用于酯类和胺类化合物的合成。Novozym435的位置专用性取决于反应物的种类。目前大部分酯化反应是用金属催化剂催化合成的,但是大多数的反应都会产生副产物以及相应的污染,生物酶催化法具有催化活性高,条件温和,而且具有绿色环保的特点。与传统的在水相催化反应相比,有机相的脂肪酶催化扩大了酶的应用范围。本发明采用β-环糊精和柠檬酸为原料,固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,产物的活性和亲水性得到进一步的提高,其制备方法具有原料和催化剂绿色、反应温度温和,且接枝率高的特点。本发明所制备的柠檬酸-β-环糊精接枝化合物可用作靶向给药的载体材料。
发明内容
针对上述不足本发明提供一种固定化脂肪酶催化柠檬酸功能化β-环糊精及其制备方法,其制备方法具有原料和催化剂绿色、反应温度温和,且接枝率高的特点。
本发明解决技术问题采用的方法步骤如下:
精确称取3gβ-CD加入25mL含有8mL二甲基亚砜的三口烧瓶中,再称取的1.739g的柠檬酸(CA)缓慢加入到烧瓶中,注意控制溶液的酸碱度在pH 6-8范围内,再加4-13mg固定化脂肪酶,升温至一定温度,在1500r/min的速度搅拌下,反应一定的时间,反应结束后,将产物倒入烧杯中,用无水乙醇/去离子水为65/35体积比例的溶液反溶,离心后,将产物放入50℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,得到固体粉末状产物β-CD-COOH。
原理:本发明涉及一种固定化脂肪酶催化柠檬酸功能化β-环糊精的方法,采用β-环糊精(β-CD)和柠檬酸(CA)为原料,固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,通过酯化反应制备得到了含有羧基的β-环糊精(β-CD-COOH),可以改善β-环糊精的活性和亲水性。探究了反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量对接枝率的影响,采用红外光谱法分析了产物的接枝率;在不同条件下合成得到了一系列合成得到了一系列的柠檬酸-β-环糊精接枝化合物,得到了最佳的合成条件。采用红外光谱,核磁,接触角仪对产物进行了结构及性能分析。
β-环糊精与柠檬酸的接枝率的测定方法:依据Beer-Lambert定律,采用红外光谱的定量分析方法对产物的接枝率进行定量分析。测量时,首先制备β-环糊精和柠檬酸以不同比例混合的混合物,通过测定混合物红外谱图中对应β-环糊精和柠檬酸的特征吸收峰面积比,确定二者的相对含量,将一系列不同比例混合物与得到的对应得到的一系列特征峰面积比作图,即为二者相对含量的标准曲线,β-环糊精和柠檬酸的特征吸收峰面积比A(CA)/A(β-CD)与对应的质量比M(CA)/M(β-CD)标准曲线,合成产物通过标准曲线可以确定产物测得的特征峰面积比以及对于的接枝率。
有益效果:本发明采用β-环糊精和柠檬酸为原料,固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,产物的活性和亲水性得到进一步的提高,其制备方法具有原料和催化剂绿色、反应温度温和和接枝率高的特点,且接枝率测试方法简便有效。本发明所制备的柠檬酸-β-环糊精接枝化合物可用作靶向给药的载体材料。
附图说明
图1柠檬酸功能化β-环糊精的合成路线;
图2A(CA)/A(β-CD)–M(CA)/M(β-CD)的标准曲线;
图3接枝产物β-CD-COOH的FT-IR谱图;
图4接枝产物β-CD-COOH的1H-NMR谱图;
图5β-环糊精和接枝产物β-CD-COOH的接触角测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
精确称取3g的β-环糊精加入25mL含有8mL二甲基亚砜的三口烧瓶中,再称取1.739g的柠檬酸缓慢加入到烧瓶中,控制溶液的酸碱度在pH 6-8范围内,再加入10mg固定化脂肪酶,升温至44℃,在1500r/min的速度搅拌下,反应16h,反应结束后,将产物倒入烧杯中,用无水乙醇/去离子水为65/35比例的溶液反溶,离心后,将产物放入50℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,得到接枝率为22.2%的固体粉末状产物β-CD-COOH;
实施例2
精确称取3g的β-环糊精加入25mL含有8mL二甲基亚砜的三口烧瓶中,再称取1.739g的柠檬酸缓慢加入到烧瓶中,控制溶液的酸碱度在pH 6-8范围内,再加入4mg固定化脂肪酶,升温至47℃,在1500r/min的速度搅拌下,反应12h,反应结束后,将产物倒入烧杯中,用无水乙醇/去离子水为65/35比例的溶液反溶,离心后,将产物放入50℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,得到接枝率为9.1%的固体粉末状产物β-CD-COOH;
实施例3
精确称取3g的β-环糊精加入25mL含有8mL二甲基亚砜的三口烧瓶中,再称取1.739g的柠檬酸缓慢加入到烧瓶中,控制溶液的酸碱度在pH 6-8范围内,再加入7mg固定化脂肪酶,升温至50℃,在1500r/min的速度搅拌下,反应20h,反应结束后,将产物倒入烧杯中,用无水乙醇/去离子水为65/35比例的溶液反溶,离心后,将产物放入50℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,得到接枝率为11.7%的固体粉末状产物β-CD-COOH;
实施例4
精确称取3g的β-环糊精加入25mL含有8mL二甲基亚砜的三口烧瓶中,再称取1.739g的柠檬酸缓慢加入到烧瓶中,控制溶液的酸碱度在pH 6-8范围内,再加入13mg固定化脂肪酶,升温至53℃,在1500r/min的速度搅拌下,反应8h,反应结束后,将产物倒入烧杯中,用无水乙醇/去离子水为65/35比例的溶液反溶,离心后,将产物放入50℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,得到接枝率为19.6%的固体粉末状产物β-CD-COOH;
图3为合成的β-环糊精和柠檬酸接枝产物β-CD-COOH的FT-IR谱图,3309cm-1处的强峰为β-CD分子的-OH特征峰,3313cm-1和3232cm-1为CA中不同位置的-OH特征吸收峰,β-CD-COOH中-OH的特征吸收峰由3309cm-1移至高波数3402cm-1,这是因为β-CD和CA酯化的结果。1759-1691cm-1为CA中C=O的特征吸收峰,1742cm-1是CA和β-CD酯化后酯羰基的特征峰,β-CD中无此峰,而且CA、β-CD、β-CD-COOH三个曲线分别在1119cm-1、1187cm-1和1140cm-1处有C-O-C的特征峰,通过β-CD-COOH曲线上看,β-CD-COOH具有C-O-C键,C=O键的特征峰以及-OH键特征峰的偏移,说明β-CD和CA形成了酯。
图4为合成的β-环糊精和柠檬酸接枝产物β-CD-COOH的1H-NMR谱图,由于CA中C=O结构与-OH结合,C=O表现为吸电性,去屏蔽,使得位于δ3.55处的H-6的位移(△=—0.02ppm)向高场偏移,位于δ4.83处的H-1(J=2.4Hz)峰通过自旋耦合分裂成双重峰,位于δ3.57处的H-5的位移峰也出现了向低场偏移(△=0.02ppm)的现象,H-5的屏蔽可归因于β-CD内部分子疏水的相互作用,质子更加靠近β-CD内部空腔,而其余的β-CD上的质子没有显著的位移变化。
图5为β-环糊精和接枝产物β-CD-COOH的接触角测试图,β-环糊精含有大量的羟基,具有外亲水,内疏水的结构,使其具有较强的亲水性能,柠檬酸含有三个羧基和一个羟基,也具有较强的亲水性。接枝产物的水接触角要小于原料β-环糊精的水解触角,说明接枝产物的亲水性得到了提高,有利于用于药物输送的载体材料。
上述实施例只是用于对本发明的举例和说明,而非意在将本发明限制于所描述的实施例范围内。此外本领域技术人员可以理解的是,本发明不局限于上述实施例,根据本发明的教导还可以做出更多种的变型和修改,这些变型和修改均落在本发明所要求保护的范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种固定化脂肪酶催化柠檬酸功能化β-环糊精的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法如下:精确称取3g的β-环糊精加入25mL含有8mL二甲基亚砜的三口烧瓶中,再称取1.739g的柠檬酸缓慢加入到烧瓶中,控制溶液的酸碱度在pH 6-8范围内,再加入10mg固定化脂肪酶,升温至44℃,在1500r/min的速度搅拌下,反应16h,反应结束后,将产物倒入烧杯中,用无水乙醇/去离子水为65/35比例的溶液反溶,离心后,将产物放入50℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,得到接枝率为22.2%的固体粉末状产物β-CD-COOH。
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