WO2019189684A1 - 水溶性フィルムおよびその製造方法、並びに薬剤包装体 - Google Patents
水溶性フィルムおよびその製造方法、並びに薬剤包装体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019189684A1 WO2019189684A1 PCT/JP2019/013856 JP2019013856W WO2019189684A1 WO 2019189684 A1 WO2019189684 A1 WO 2019189684A1 JP 2019013856 W JP2019013856 W JP 2019013856W WO 2019189684 A1 WO2019189684 A1 WO 2019189684A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- soluble film
- film
- polyoxyethylene
- pva
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
- C11D17/043—Liquid or thixotropic (gel) compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
- C08F216/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin as a main component. More specifically, the present invention relates to a water-soluble film having high transparency of the film, excellent appearance, and usable for various packaging applications, a method for producing the same, and a pharmaceutical package.
- Polyvinyl alcohol film is a film made of polyvinyl alcohol resin having water solubility while being a thermoplastic resin, and a hydrophobic film usually used for packaging films such as polyethylene terephthalate film and polyolefin film, etc. The physical properties and feel of the film are greatly different.
- water-soluble unit packaging bag used for such applications, for example, 5 to 30 parts by weight of a plasticizer, 1 to 10 parts by weight of starch, and 0.01 to 2 parts by weight of a surfactant are blended with 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol.
- the water-soluble film etc. which are formed are known (for example, refer patent document 1).
- the water-soluble film disclosed in Patent Document 1 is excellent in water-solubility and can be used as a medicine package in which a liquid detergent or the like is packaged.
- the water-soluble film disclosed in Patent Document 1 is excellent in water solubility, blocking resistance, and impact burst strength, but is insufficient in terms of transparency (optical characteristics) of the film.
- the water-soluble film disclosed in Patent Document 1 is excellent in water solubility, blocking resistance, and impact burst strength, but is insufficient in terms of transparency (optical characteristics) of the film.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a water-soluble film having a high film transparency, a method for producing the same, and a medicine package.
- the present inventor examined the reason why the water-soluble film was inferior in transparency in solving the above-mentioned problems.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution which is a material for the polyvinyl alcohol-based water-soluble film as described above, generally contains an additive such as a surfactant along with the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin.
- an aqueous resin solution it is presumed that an aggregate is formed by the interaction of a part of the polyvinyl alcohol resin and the surfactant.
- the aggregate formed by the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and the surfactant thus formed is different from the fish-eye foreign matter made of undissolved polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and has an effect on the film appearance as long as it is visually observed under normal conditions.
- it is considered that the transparency of the film is hindered as described above, because the refractive index of the aggregate and the entire water-soluble film are slightly different.
- the present inventor has studied in detail the optical properties of the polyvinyl alcohol film, and the polyvinyl alcohol film is subjected to a uniaxial stretching treatment at a stretching ratio of 1.2 times.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film in which the number of dark defects (dark spots) having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm under Nicol observation conditions is 50 or less per 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm area of the film before uniaxial stretching treatment can solve the above-mentioned problem. I found.
- the present invention is a water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) as a main component, and the cross-Nicol observation is performed on the test piece of the water-soluble film uniaxially stretched under the conditions shown in ( ⁇ ) below.
- the first gist is a water-soluble film in which the number of dark defects having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm is 50 or less per 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm area of the test piece before uniaxial stretching.
- ⁇ In the longitudinal direction of the water-soluble film test piece cut to a length of 25 cm and a width of 13 cm, the test piece was mounted on a stretching machine so that the distance between chucks was 11 cm, and the temperature was 23 ° C. and the humidity was 50%. Under the condition of RH, uniaxial stretching is performed at a stretching speed of 3 mm / sec until the draw ratio becomes 1.2 times.
- the present invention is a method for producing a water-soluble film according to the first aspect, Preparing a polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution; Subjecting the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution to a pressure heat treatment for 1 hour or more under the conditions of a pressure of 0.10 to 1.0 MPa, a temperature of 130 ° C. or higher, and a humidity of 90% RH or more; A step of casting and drying the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution after the pressure heating treatment; A method for producing a water-soluble film comprising
- the third aspect of the present invention is a drug package in which a drug is packaged in a package formed of the water-soluble film of the first aspect.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention is a water-soluble film containing the polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) as a main component, and was uniaxially stretched at a stretch ratio of 1.2 times under the conditions shown in ( ⁇ ) above.
- the number of dark defects (dark spots) having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm under the crossed Nicols observation condition is 50 or less per 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm area of the water-soluble film before uniaxial stretching.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention has high transparency of the film. Therefore, the water-soluble film of the present invention is useful as a film used for a package or a drug package in which a liquid such as a liquid detergent is packaged because of its transparency.
- the water-soluble film is a water-soluble film containing 5 to 100 parts by weight of the plasticizer (B) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin (A)
- a liquid such as a liquid detergent is packaged.
- the package is made, the shape stability over time is improved.
- the plasticizer (B) is at least one selected from glycerin and sorbitol, the flexibility and the like of the water-soluble film can be further controlled.
- the water-soluble film is a water-soluble film containing 0.01 to 3 parts by weight of the surfactant (C) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin (A),
- the peelability from the metal surface can be increased.
- the surfactant (C) is a surfactant having a polyoxyalkylene structure, an effect of smoothing the film surface state can be obtained.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention is prepared by a step of preparing a polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution and a pressure of 0.10 to 1.0 MPa, a temperature of 130 ° C. or higher, and a humidity of 90% RH or higher with respect to the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution. If the manufacturing process is carried out from a step of performing pressure heating treatment for 1 hour or more under conditions, and a step of casting and drying the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin after the pressure heating treatment, the specific action as described above The water-soluble film of the present invention that exhibits the effect can be practically produced.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention is a water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) as a main component, and the water-soluble film is uniaxially stretched under the conditions shown in ( ⁇ ) below.
- the number of dark defects having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm when observed with crossed Nicols is 50 or less per 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm area of the test piece before uniaxial stretching.
- the above “main component” means a component that affects the basic characteristics of the water-soluble film, and usually means a component that occupies 50% by weight or more of the entire water-soluble film.
- polyvinyl alcohol may be abbreviated as “PVA”
- PVA-based water-soluble film a water-soluble film mainly composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin
- the uniaxial stretching treatment of the water-soluble film shown in ( ⁇ ) is performed to observe crossed Nicols. Therefore, it does not mean that the water-soluble film of the present invention is a uniaxially stretched product.
- the crossed Nicols observation means performing an inspection by the orthogonal Nicols method.
- a 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm square frame is marked with an oil-based magic pen (line width 0.5 mm) on the central portion of a test piece of a water-soluble film cut out to a length of 25 cm ⁇ width of 13 cm,
- the test piece was mounted on a stretching machine so that the distance between chucks was 11 cm, and the stretching ratio was 1.2 mm at a stretching speed of 3 mm / sec under the conditions of a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH.
- a uniaxial stretching process is carried out until it is doubled.
- test piece uniaxially stretched as described above is placed between two polarizing plates arranged in a crossed Nicol state of a strain tester “TORIBOGEAR TYPE: 25W” (manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.), and the backlight is turned on.
- Cross Nicol observation is performed.
- the location which inhibits the transparency of a water-soluble film appears as a dark defect (dark spot) by the said cross Nicol observation.
- the dark defect (dark spot) observed in the square frame marked as described above is surrounded by an oil-based magic pen (line width 0.5 mm).
- line width 0.5 mm oil-based magic pen
- the water-soluble film of the present invention is such that the number of dark defects having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm when observing the crossed Nicols with respect to the test piece of the water-soluble film uniaxially stretched under the condition ( ⁇ ) is uniaxial. Since it is 50 or less per 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm area of the test piece before the stretching treatment, the transparency of the film is high.
- the number of dark defects is preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 3 or less, and still more preferably 0.
- PVA resin (A) examples of the PVA resin (A) used for the material of the water-soluble film of the present invention include unmodified PVA and modified PVA resin.
- the average saponification degree of the PVA resin (A) is preferably 80 mol% or more, particularly 82 to 99.9 mol%, more preferably 85 to 99.8 mol%, particularly 90 to 99. 0.5 mol% is preferred. If the average degree of saponification is too small, the solubility of the film tends to decrease over time depending on the pH of the drug to be packaged.
- the average saponification degree is preferably 80 mol% or more, particularly 82 to 99 mol%, more preferably 85 to 90 mol. % Is preferred. If the average saponification degree is too small, the water solubility tends to decrease. Moreover, even if the average saponification degree is too large, the water solubility tends to decrease.
- the average saponification degree is preferably 80 mol% or more, particularly 85 to 99.9 mol%, more preferably 90 mol%. It is preferably ⁇ 99.5 mol%. Further, when an anionic group-modified PVA resin is used as the PVA resin (A), the average saponification degree is preferably 85 mol% or more, particularly 88 to 99.9 mol%, Further, it is preferably 90 to 99.5 mol%. If the average degree of saponification is too small, the solubility of the water-soluble film in water tends to decrease over time depending on the pH of the drug to be packaged. In addition, when the average saponification degree is too large, the solubility in water tends to greatly decrease due to the heat history during film formation.
- the polymerization degree of the PVA-based resin (A) can be generally represented by a water-soluble viscosity, and the viscosity of a 4% by weight aqueous solution at 20 ° C. is preferably 5 to 50 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 10 to It is preferably 45 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 15 to 40 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the 4% by weight aqueous solution of unmodified PVA at 20 ° C. is preferably 5 to 50 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 10 to 45 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the 4% by weight aqueous solution at 20 ° C. of the modified PVA resin is preferably 5 to 50 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 10 to It is preferably 45 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 15 to 40 mPa ⁇ s. If the viscosity is too small, the mechanical strength of the water-soluble film as a packaging material tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the viscosity is too large, the aqueous solution viscosity during film formation tends to be high and productivity tends to decrease.
- said average saponification degree is measured based on JIS K 6726 3.5, and 4 weight% aqueous solution viscosity is measured according to JIS K 6726 311.2.
- Examples of the modified PVA resin used in the present invention include an anionic group-modified PVA resin, a cationic group-modified PVA resin, and a nonionic group-modified PVA resin.
- an anionic group-modified PVA resin from the viewpoint of solubility in water.
- examples of the anionic group include a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group. From the viewpoint of chemical resistance and stability over time, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and particularly a carboxyl group are preferable. .
- the modified amount of the anionic group-modified PVA resin is preferably 1 to 10 mol%, particularly preferably 2 to 9 mol%, more preferably 2 to 8 mol%, particularly preferably. 3 to 7 mol%. If the amount of modification is too small, the solubility in water tends to decrease, and if it is too large, the productivity of the PVA-based resin tends to decrease or the biodegradability tends to decrease, and also causes blocking. There is a tendency to become easy, and there is a tendency to decrease practicality.
- each of the above PVA resins (A) can be used alone, or a combination of unmodified PVA and modified PVA resin, and further, saponification degree, viscosity, modified species, modified amount. Two or more different types may be used in combination.
- PVA-type resin (A) contains modified PVA-type resin at the point which can maintain the water solubility of a film long.
- the content ratio of the modified PVA resin to the unmodified PVA is preferably 95/5 to 60/40, particularly 94/6 to 70/30, by weight. Further, it is preferably 93/7 to 80/20. If the content ratio of the modified PVA resin is too small, the solubility tends to decrease, and if it is too large, the water sealing property tends to decrease.
- the unmodified PVA preferably has a 4% by weight aqueous solution viscosity at 20 ° C. of 5 to 50 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 8 to 45 mPa ⁇ s, Further, it is preferably 12 to 40 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 15 to 35 mPa ⁇ s. If the viscosity is too small, the mechanical strength of the water-soluble film as a packaging material tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the viscosity is too large, the aqueous solution viscosity during film formation tends to be high and productivity tends to decrease. .
- the unmodified PVA used in the present invention can be produced by saponifying a vinyl ester polymer obtained by polymerizing a vinyl ester compound.
- vinyl ester compounds examples include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl trifluoroacetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl versatate, vinyl palmitate, and vinyl stearate. Can be mentioned. Of these, vinyl acetate is preferably used as the vinyl ester compound.
- the vinyl ester compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the modified PVA resin used in the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing the vinyl ester compound and an unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the vinyl ester compound and then saponifying, or unmodified PVA. It can be produced by a post-modification method or the like.
- the following unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the vinyl ester compound may be copolymerized.
- the following unsaturated monomer is used as a modified monomer. It is necessary to copolymerize an unsaturated monomer having a group.
- Examples of unsaturated monomers having a modifying group copolymerizable with a vinyl ester compound include olefins such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, ⁇ -octene, ⁇ -dodecene, ⁇ -octadecene, and the like; 3-butene-1 -Derivatives such as hydroxy group-containing ⁇ -olefins such as ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol and acylated products thereof; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride , Unsaturated acids such as itaconic acid and undecylenic acid, salts, monoesters or dialkyl esters thereof; amides such as diacetone acrylamide, acrylamide and methacrylamide; olefins such as ethylene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid and methallyl sulf
- the content rate of the said copolymerizable unsaturated monomer is 10 mol% or less with respect to the sum total of the unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the said vinyl ester-type compound normally.
- modified PVA resin examples include those having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain.
- the number of primary hydroxyl groups is usually 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, and particularly preferably 1. It is done.
- examples thereof include a PVA resin having a 1,2-diol structural unit in the side chain and a PVA resin having a hydroxyalkyl group in the side chain.
- Such a PVA resin having a 1,2-diol structural unit in the side chain includes, for example, (i) a method for saponifying a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 3,4-diacetoxy-1-butene, and (ii) acetic acid.
- a known polymerization method such as a solution polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, and a suspension polymerization method can be arbitrarily used.
- methanol, ethanol or isopropyl is used. It is carried out by a solution polymerization method using a lower alcohol such as alcohol as a solvent.
- the unsaturated monomer is charged in the case of a modified PVA resin.
- the total amount of the vinyl ester compound and, for example, a part of the unsaturated monomer are charged, and the polymerization is started. Any method such as a method of adding the remaining unsaturated monomer continuously or in a divided manner during the polymerization period, a method of batch-feeding the unsaturated monomer, and the like can be used.
- a known polymerization catalyst such as an azo catalyst such as azobisisobutyronitrile, a peroxide catalyst such as acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, or lauroyl peroxide is appropriately selected depending on the polymerization method. be able to.
- the polymerization reaction temperature is selected from the range of 50 ° C. to about the boiling point of the polymerization catalyst.
- the obtained copolymer is dissolved in alcohol and carried out in the presence of a saponification catalyst.
- a saponification catalyst examples include alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the copolymer in the alcohol is selected from the range of 20 to 50% by weight.
- the saponification catalyst examples include alkali catalysts such as alkali metal hydroxides and alcoholates such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium methylate, and the like. It is also possible to use a catalyst.
- the saponification catalyst is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 100 mmol equivalents relative to the vinyl ester compound. These saponification catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carboxyl group-modified PVA resin in the modified PVA resin can be produced by any method, for example, (I) saponification after copolymerization of an unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group and a vinyl ester compound. And (II) a saponification method after polymerizing a vinyl ester compound in the presence of a carboxyl group-containing alcohol, aldehyde or thiol as a chain transfer agent.
- the vinyl ester compound in the method (I) or (II) those described above can be used, but vinyl acetate is preferably used.
- Examples of the unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group in the method (I) include ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid (maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, etc.), or ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoester (maleic acid).
- unsaturated monomers such as ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides (maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, etc.) or ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids ((meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, etc.), and These salts are mentioned.
- maleic acid, maleic acid monoalkyl ester, maleic acid dialkyl ester, maleate, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic acid monoalkyl ester, itaconic acid dialkyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid, etc. are preferably used,
- maleic acid, maleic acid monoalkyl ester, maleic acid dialkyl ester, maleate, maleic anhydride, maleic acid monoalkyl ester, particularly maleic acid monomethyl ester are preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a compound derived from a thiol having a particularly large chain transfer effect is effective, and examples thereof include compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (3) and salts thereof. .
- the compound derived from thiol include mercaptoacetate, 2-mercaptopropionate, 3-mercaptopropionate, 2-mercaptostearate, and the like. These compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the method for producing the carboxyl group-modified PVA resin is not limited to the above method.
- the PVA resin partially saponified product or fully saponified product
- hydroxyl groups such as dicarboxylic acid, aldehyde carboxylic acid and hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- a method of post-reacting a carboxyl group-containing compound having a certain functional group can also be carried out.
- a sulfonic acid-modified PVA resin modified with a sulfonic acid group for example, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, etc.
- the copolymerization component of sulfonic acid or its salt is copolymerized with a vinyl ester compound and then saponified, vinylsulfonic acid or its salt, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or its salt, etc. It can be produced by a method of adding Michael to a resin.
- examples of the method of post-modifying the unmodified PVA include, for example, a method in which the unmodified PVA is acetoacetate esterified, acetalized, urethanized, etherified, grafted, phosphoric esterified, and oxyalkylenated. It is done.
- unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group and the vinyl ester compound may be contained in a range that does not impair water solubility.
- the body for example, allyl ester of saturated carboxylic acid, ⁇ -olefin, alkyl vinyl ether, alkyl allyl ether, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylonitrile, styrene, vinyl chloride and the like can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the plasticizer (B) As a material for the water-soluble film of the present invention, when the plasticizer (B) is contained in the PVA-based resin (A), for example, in the case of forming a medicine package, the water-soluble film has flexibility. Is preferable.
- plasticizer (B) examples include a polyhydric alcohol (b1) having a high melting point (melting point is 80 ° C. or higher) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as plasticizer (b1)), and a low melting point (melting point).
- plasticizer (b2) a polyhydric alcohol having a high melting point (melting point is 80 ° C. or higher
- plasticizer (b2) a polyhydric alcohol having a low melting point (melting point).
- plasticizer (b2) hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as plasticizer (b2)
- plasticizer (b2) plasticizer (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as plasticizer (b2)) and the like are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyhydric alcohol (b1) many sugar alcohols, monosaccharides, and polysaccharides are applicable. Among them, for example, salicyl alcohol (83 ° C.), catechol (105 ° C.), resorcinol (110 ° C.), Dihydric alcohols such as hydroquinone (172 ° C), bisphenol A (158 ° C), bisphenol F (162 ° C), neopentyl glycol (127 ° C), trihydric alcohols such as phloroglucinol (218 ° C), erythritol (121 ° C) ), Tetrahydric alcohols such as threitol (88 ° C), pentaerythritol (260 ° C), xylitol (92 ° C), arabitol (103 ° C), fucitol (153 ° C), glucose (146 ° C), fructose (104 ° C) Pentahydric alcohol such as mannitol (
- polyhydric alcohol (b2) many of aliphatic alcohols are applicable.
- ethylene glycol ( ⁇ 13 ° C.), diethylene glycol ( ⁇ 11 ° C.), triethylene glycol ( ⁇ 7) are preferable.
- Examples include dihydric alcohols such as diol (40 ° C.), tripropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 2000 or less, and trihydric or higher alcohols such as glycerin (18 ° C.), diglycerin, and triethanolamine (21 ° C.). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the above (), the melting point of each compound is shown.
- the plasticizer (B) it is preferable to use the polyhydric alcohols (b1) and (b2) together because the flexibility and the like of the water-soluble film can be controlled more. Moreover, it is desirable that the plasticizer (B) is at least one selected from glycerin and sorbitol from the viewpoint of controlling the flexibility of the water-soluble film.
- a plasticizer (b3) other than the plasticizers (b1) and (b2) may be used in combination.
- the plasticizer (b3) include trimethylolpropane (58 ° C.), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, alcohols such as cyclohexanol, carbitol, and polypropylene glycol, ethers such as dibutyl ether, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linol.
- Carboxylic acids such as acid, linolenic acid, sorbic acid, citric acid and adipic acid, ketones such as cyclohexanone, amines such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine and imidazole compounds, alanine, glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, Amino acids such as histidine, lysine, cysteine and the like can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the plasticizer (B) is preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight, particularly preferably 6 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin (A). It is 8 to 60 parts by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight. If the content of the plasticizer (B) is too small, the shape stability over time tends to decrease when a liquid such as a liquid detergent is packaged to form a package, and the content of the plasticizer (B) is low. If the amount is too large, the mechanical strength tends to decrease or blocking tends to occur.
- the content ratio (b1 / b2) of the plasticizer (b1) to the plasticizer (b2) is preferably 0.1 to 5, particularly 0.2 to 4.5, more preferably It is preferably 0.5 to 4, particularly 0.7 to 3. If the content of the plasticizer (b1) is too small, the water-soluble film tends to be too soft, and blocking tends to occur. If the content is too large, the water-soluble film tends to be too hard, in a low humidity environment. But it tends to be fragile.
- the content of the plasticizer (b1) and the plasticizer (b2) is 5 to 40 parts by weight, particularly 8 to 30 parts by weight of the plasticizer (b1) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin (A).
- the plasticizer (b2) is preferably 5 to 40 parts by weight, particularly 10 to 35 parts by weight, more preferably 15 to 30 parts by weight. If the amount of the plasticizer (b1) is too small, the water-soluble film tends to be too soft and blocking tends to occur. If the amount is too large, the water-soluble film tends to be too hard and tends to be brittle even in a low humidity environment. is there.
- plasticizer (b2) when there is too little plasticizer (b2), there exists a tendency for a water-soluble film to become hard too much, and there exists a tendency for it to become brittle also in a low-humidity environment, and when too much, a water-soluble film becomes too soft and tends to produce blocking. There is.
- the total amount of the plasticizer (b1) and the plasticizer (b2) is preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly 80% by weight or more, and more preferably 87% by weight or more with respect to the entire plasticizer (B). In particular, it is preferably 90% by weight or more, more preferably 95% by weight or more. Particularly preferred is the case where the entire plasticizer (B) consists solely of the plasticizer (b1) and the plasticizer (b2). If the total amount of the plasticizers (b1) and (b2) is too small, the mechanical strength tends to decrease.
- the water-soluble film material of the present invention may further contain a surfactant (C), a filler (D), or the like as necessary. Can do.
- the surfactant (C) used in the present invention is contained for the purpose of improving the peelability from the cast surface during the production of a water-soluble film, and is usually a nonionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant. Is mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- nonionic surfactant examples include: Polyoxyethylene hexyl ether, polyoxyethylene heptyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl ether, polyoxyethylene decyl ether, polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether, polyoxyethylene tetradecyl ether, polyoxyethylene hexadecyl ether, Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene octadecyl ether, polyoxyethylene eicosyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, coconut oil reduced alcohol ethylene oxide adduct, beef tallow reduced alcohol ethylene oxide adduct; Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl nonyl ether, polyoxyethylene dodecyl phenyl ether; Caproic acid mono or diethanolamide, caprylic acid mono or diethanolamide, capric
- Polyoxyethylene higher fatty acid amides Polyoxyethylene higher fatty acid amides; Amine oxides such as amine oxides such as dimethyl lauryl amine oxide, dimethyl stearyl oxide, dihydroxyethyl lauryl amine oxide; Polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate; And polyoxyethylene polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- anionic surfactant (1) sulfate ester type, (2) phosphate ester type, (3) carboxylate type, and (4) sulfonate type surfactant are used.
- sulfate ester salt type for example, Sodium hexyl sulfate, sodium heptyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium nonyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium eicosyl sulfate, or their potassium, calcium, ammonium Alkyl sulfate salts such as salts; Sodium polyoxyethylene hexyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene heptyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene octyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene nonyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene decyl ether sulfate, sodium poly
- phosphate ester salt type for example, Sodium octyl phosphate, sodium lauryl phosphate, sodium myristyl phosphate, sodium coconut oil fatty acid phosphate, or alkyl phosphate esters such as potassium and calcium salts thereof; Alkyl phosphate amine salts such as lauryl phosphate triethanolamine salt, oleyl phosphate diethanolamine salt; Sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate, sodium polyoxyethylene isotridecyl ether phosphate, sodium polyoxyethylene myristyl phosphate, sodium polyoxyethylene cetyl ether phosphate, sodium polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphate, dipolyoxyethylene Oleyl ether sodium phosphate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether sodium phosphate, or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates such as potassium and calcium salts thereof; Polyoxyalkylene lauryl ether phosphate monoethanolamine salt, polyoxyalkylene palmity
- anionic surfactants other than the above (1) sulfate ester salt type and (2) phosphate ester salt type include: (3) Carboxylate types such as fatty acid soaps, N-acylamino acids and salts thereof, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester carboxylates, acylated peptides, etc .; Alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonic acid salt formalin polycondensate, melamine sulfonic acid salt formalin condensate, dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid ester salt, sulfosuccinic acid alkyl disalt, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfosuccinic acid disalt And (4) sulfonate types such as alkyl sulfoacetate, ⁇ -olefin sulfonate, N-acylmethyl taurate, dimethyl-5-sulfo
- surfactants (C) polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl amines, polyoxyethylene higher fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters, Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate amine salts, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide ether phosphate esters, etc.
- the surfactant has a polyoxyalkylene structure, the hydrophilicity of the surfactant is increased and the compatibility with the PVA resin (A) is improved. Effect to the film surface condition smoothed to suppress the point or irregularities occur is obtained.
- an anionic surfactant is preferable, and in particular, alkyl sulfate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether Sulfates, higher fatty acid alkanolamide sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl phosphates, amines, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, amines, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyls It is preferably a surfactant of a sulfate ester type such as ether phosphate ester amine salts, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide ether phosphate ester salts, or phosphate ester salt type, in particular, Rulyl phosphate ester salts, alkyl phosphate ester amine salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl
- phosphorus having a polyoxyalkylene structure such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate amine salt, etc.
- acid ester salt type surfactants are preferred.
- the surfactant (C) is a surfactant containing a polyoxyalkylene structure
- the hydrophilicity of the surfactant (C) becomes higher and the effect of smoothing the film surface state is obtained. Is preferable.
- the content of the surfactant (C) is 0.01 to 3 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin (A) from the viewpoint of further improving the peelability between the water-soluble film and the metal surface. It is preferably part by weight, particularly 0.05 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.08 to 0.5 parts by weight.
- the content of the surfactant (C) is 0.01 to 3 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin (A) from the viewpoint of further improving the peelability between the water-soluble film and the metal surface. It is preferably part by weight, particularly 0.05 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.08 to 0.5 parts by weight.
- the surfactant (C) is less than the above range, peeling failure from the metal surface occurs, and the productivity of the film tends to decrease.
- the surfactant (C) is more than the above range, the PVA resin is used. There is a tendency that the aggregate of (A) and the surfactant (C) is increased, and there is a concern that haze increases.
- the filler (D) used in the present invention is contained for the purpose of blocking resistance, and specific examples include inorganic fillers and organic fillers. Among them, organic fillers are preferable.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m. In addition, the said average particle diameter can be measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus etc., for example.
- the inorganic filler preferably has an average particle size of 1 to 10 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is too small, the effect of dispersibility of the water-soluble film in water tends to be small. When the water-soluble film is formed and processed, it tends to become a pinhole when it is stretched, or the appearance tends to deteriorate.
- inorganic filler examples include, for example, talc, clay, silicon dioxide, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, mica, asbestos, gypsum, graphite, glass balloon, glass beads, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfite, carbonic acid.
- the organic filler preferably has an average particle size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 7 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m. 5 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is too small, the cost tends to be high, and if it is too large, a pinhole tends to be formed when the water-soluble film is stretched.
- the organic filler examples include starch, melamine resin, polymethyl (meth) acrylate resin, polystyrene resin, and biodegradable resins such as polylactic acid.
- a biodegradable resin such as polymethyl (meth) acrylate resin, polystyrene resin, and starch is preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- starch examples include raw starch (corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, wheat starch, kissava starch, sago starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch, rice starch, bean starch, kudzu starch, bracken starch, lotus starch, hishi Starch), physically modified starch ( ⁇ -starch, fractionated amylose, wet heat-treated starch, etc.), enzyme-modified starch (hydrolyzed dextrin, enzyme-degraded dextrin, amylose, etc.), chemically degraded starch (acid-treated starch, hypochlorous acid) Acid-oxidized starch, dialdehyde starch, etc.), chemically modified starch derivatives (esterified starch, etherified starch, cationized starch, crosslinked starch, etc.) and the like.
- raw starch especially corn starch and rice starch are preferably used from the viewpoint of availability and economy.
- the content of the filler (D) is preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, particularly 2 to 25 parts by weight, more preferably 2.5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin (A). Part.
- the content is too small, the blocking resistance tends to decrease, and when the content is too large, a pinhole tends to be formed when the water-soluble film is stretched.
- water-soluble polymers for example, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dextrin, chitosan, chitin, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, etc.
- a fragrance, a rust inhibitor, a colorant, a bulking agent, an antifoaming agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a liquid paraffin, a fluorescent whitening agent, a bitter component (for example, denatonium benzoate, etc.) and the like can also be contained. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an antioxidant from the viewpoint of suppressing yellowing.
- antioxidants include sulfites such as sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, calcium sulfite and ammonium sulfite, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate, catechol, Rongalite, etc.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, particularly 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin (A).
- the PVA-based resin aqueous solution obtains a PVA-based resin (A) and, if necessary, a resin composition containing a plasticizer (B), a surfactant (C), a filler (D), and the like.
- a resin composition can be prepared by dissolving or dispersing in water.
- the pressure heat treatment for the PVA-based resin aqueous solution is performed for 1 hour or longer under the conditions of a pressure of 0.10 to 1.0 MPa, a temperature of 130 ° C. or higher, and a humidity of 90% RH or higher.
- the pressure is preferably 0.13 to 0.50 MPa, particularly preferably 0.15 to 0.30 MPa. If the pressure is too low, the aggregate of the PVA resin (A) and the surfactant (C) does not decrease, and the effects of the present invention tend not to be obtained. If the pressure is too high, the pressure drops.
- the temperature of the pressure heat treatment is preferably 130 to 150 ° C., particularly preferably 130 to 140 ° C. If the temperature is too low, the aggregate of the PVA resin (A) and the surfactant (C) does not decrease, and the haze of the resulting film tends to increase. If the temperature is too high, thermal decomposition results. There is a tendency that the solution viscosity decreases, the generation of fish eyes due to crosslinking, and the decrease in solubility due to an increase in saponification degree.
- the humidity is preferably 95 to 100% RH, particularly preferably 100% RH.
- the pressure and heat treatment time is preferably 2 to 12 hours, particularly preferably 3 to 8 hours. If the pressure heat treatment is too short, the aggregate of the PVA resin (A) and the surfactant (C) does not decrease and the effect of the present invention tends not to be obtained, and the pressure heat treatment is long.
- the pressurizing and heating treatment can be favorably performed by, for example, a HAST chamber “EHS-411M” manufactured by ESPEC.
- a defoaming process can be performed with respect to PVA-type resin aqueous solution as needed.
- the defoaming method include stationary defoaming, vacuum defoaming, and biaxial extrusion defoaming. Of these, stationary defoaming and biaxial extrusion defoaming are preferable.
- the temperature for stationary defoaming is usually 50 to 100 ° C., preferably 70 to 95 ° C., and the defoaming time is usually 2 to 30 hours, preferably 5 to 24 hours.
- the PVA-based water-soluble film of the present invention can be obtained by further applying heat treatment to the film-forming step of casting and drying the PVA-based resin aqueous solution after the pressure and heat treatment, if necessary.
- it can be performed under the following conditions.
- the casting of the PVA resin aqueous solution after the pressure heating treatment is performed by, for example, discharging the PVA resin aqueous solution after the pressure heating treatment from a slit such as a T-shaped slit die and the metal surface of the endless belt or drum roll. Or by casting on a cast surface such as the surface of a plastic substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate film. It can also be cast onto a cast surface using an applicator.
- the solid content concentration of the PVA resin aqueous solution at the time of casting is preferably 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably 15 to 40% by weight, and further preferably 20 to 35% by weight. If the concentration is too low, the productivity of the water-soluble film tends to decrease. If the concentration is too high, the viscosity becomes too high, and it takes time to defoam the dope, or casts a PVA-based resin aqueous solution on the cast surface. There is a tendency for die lines to occur.
- the temperature of the PVA-based resin aqueous solution immediately before casting (discharging part) is preferably 60 to 98 ° C., particularly 70 to 95 ° C. If the temperature is too low, the drying time tends to be long and the productivity tends to decrease. If the temperature is too high, foaming or the like tends to occur.
- the PVA-based resin aqueous solution is dried on the cast surface to form a water-soluble film.
- the surface temperature of the cast surface is preferably 50 to 110 ° C., particularly preferably 70 to 100 ° C. If the surface temperature is too low, the moisture content of the film becomes high due to insufficient drying and tends to be blocked, and if it is too high, the PVA-based resin aqueous solution tends to foam, resulting in poor film formation.
- drying by a hot roll drying by blowing hot air on a film using a floating dryer, drying by a far infrared device, a dielectric heating device, or the like can be used in combination.
- the film forming speed is preferably 3 to 80 m / min, particularly 5 to 60 m / min, more preferably 8 to 50 m / min.
- the heat treatment can be usually performed with a hot roll, but other examples include heat treatment in which hot air is blown onto the film using a floating dryer, heat treatment with a far infrared device, and a dielectric heating device.
- a heat roll in terms of productivity.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 50 to 150 ° C., particularly preferably 70 to 130 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 to 60 seconds, particularly 3 to 50 seconds, Is preferably 5 to 40 seconds.
- the thickness of the PVA-based water-soluble film of the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the application and the like, but is preferably 10 to 120 ⁇ m, particularly 15 to 110 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m. If the thickness is too thin, the mechanical strength of the PVA-based water-soluble film tends to decrease. If the thickness is too thick, the dissolution rate in water tends to be slow, and the film forming efficiency tends to decrease.
- the width of the PVA-based water-soluble film is appropriately selected depending on the use and the like, but is preferably 300 to 5000 mm, particularly 500 to 4000 mm, and more preferably 800 to 3000 mm. If the width is too narrow, the production efficiency tends to decrease, and if it is too wide, it tends to be difficult to control slackness or film thickness.
- the length of the PVA-based water-soluble film is appropriately selected depending on the use and the like, but is preferably 500 to 20000 m, particularly 800 to 15000 m, and more preferably 1000 to 10,000 m. If this length is too short, there is a tendency that it takes time to change the film, and if it is too long, there is a tendency that the appearance defect or weight due to winding tightening becomes too heavy.
- the surface of the PVA-based water-soluble film may be plain, but from the viewpoint of blocking resistance, slipping during processing, reduced adhesion between products, and appearance, one side of the PVA-based water-soluble film or It is also preferable to provide concavo-convex processing such as an embossed pattern, fine concavo-convex pattern, and special engraving pattern on both sides.
- the processing temperature is usually 60 to 150 ° C, preferably 80 to 140 ° C.
- the processing pressure is usually 2 to 8 MPa, preferably 3 to 7 MPa.
- the processing time is usually 0.01 to 5 seconds, preferably 0.1 to 3 seconds, although depending on the processing pressure and processing speed.
- the water content of the obtained PVA-based water-soluble film is preferably 3 to 15% by weight, particularly 5 to 14% by weight, particularly in terms of mechanical strength and sealing properties. It is preferably 6 to 13% by weight. If the moisture content is too low, the film tends to be too hard, and if it is too high, blocking tends to occur. Adjustment to such a moisture content can be achieved by appropriately setting drying conditions and humidity control conditions. In addition, the said moisture content is measured based on JISK67263.4, and let the value of the obtained volatile matter be a moisture content.
- the water-soluble film is preferably produced in an environment of 10 to 35 ° C., particularly 15 to 30 ° C., for example.
- the humidity is usually 70% RH or less.
- the obtained PVA water-soluble film can be made into a film roll by winding it around a core tube (S1).
- the obtained film roll can be supplied as a product as it is, but preferably after winding the wound PVA-based water-soluble film to a desired size width, a core tube having a length corresponding to the film width (S2)
- the film roll can be rewinded and supplied as a film roll of a desired size.
- the core tube (S1) for winding the film is cylindrical, and the material can be appropriately selected from metals, plastics, etc., but metal is preferred from the standpoint of robustness and strength.
- the inner diameter of the core tube (S1) is preferably 3 to 30 cm, more preferably 10 to 20 cm.
- the thickness of the core tube (S1) is preferably 1 to 30 mm, more preferably 2 to 25 mm.
- the length of the core tube (S1) needs to be longer than the width of the film, and preferably protrudes from 1 to 50 cm from the end of the film roll.
- the core tube (S2) has a cylindrical shape, and the material thereof can be appropriately selected from paper, metal, plastic and the like, but paper is preferable from the viewpoint of weight reduction and handling.
- the inner diameter of the core tube (S2) is preferably 3 to 30 cm, more preferably 10 to 20 cm.
- the thickness of the core tube (S2) is preferably 1 to 30 mm, more preferably 3 to 25 mm.
- the length of the core tube (S2) may be the same as or longer than the width of the PVA-based water-soluble film of the product, and is preferably the same or longer by 50 cm.
- the PVA water-soluble film When winding on the core tube (S2), the PVA water-soluble film is slit to a desired width. In forming such a slit, it is slit using a shear blade, a leather blade, or the like, but it is preferable to slit with a shear blade in view of the smoothness of the slit cross section.
- the film roll obtained by winding the PVA water-soluble film of the present invention around a core tube is preferably packaged with a packaging film of a water vapor barrier resin, and the packaging film is not particularly limited, but has a moisture permeability of 10 g. / M 2 ⁇ 24 hr (measured according to JIS Z 0208)
- the packaging film is not particularly limited, but has a moisture permeability of 10 g. / M 2 ⁇ 24 hr (measured according to JIS Z 0208)
- Specific examples include, for example, single-layer films such as high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride-coated polypropylene, and glass-deposited polyester, or laminated films thereof, or split cloth, paper, and non-woven fabric.
- a laminated film etc. are mentioned.
- the laminated film include a laminated film of glass-deposited polyester and polyethylene, a laminated film of polyvinylidene chloride-co
- Such a film is preferably subjected to an antistatic treatment from the viewpoint of preventing the introduction of foreign substances, and the antistatic agent may be kneaded into the film or coated on the surface.
- an antistatic agent of about 0.01 to 5% by weight relative to the PVA resin (A) is used, and in the case of surface coating, an antistatic agent of about 0.01 to 1 g / m 2 is used.
- the antistatic agent for example, alkyldiethanolamine, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, higher fatty acid alkanolamide, sorbitan fatty acid ester and the like are used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the film roll is packaged with a packaging film made of a water vapor barrier resin, and further packaged with a packaging film made of an aluminum material.
- films include aluminum foil, aluminum foil and moisture-resistant plastic film.
- Laminated film for example, laminated film of aluminum foil and polyethylene film
- laminated film of aluminum vapor deposited film and moisture resistant plastic film eg laminated film of aluminum vapor deposited polyester film and polyethylene film
- laminated film of alumina vapor deposited film and moisture resistant plastic film
- a laminated film of an alumina-deposited polyester film and a polyethylene film laminated film of an alumina-deposited polyester film and a polyethylene film
- a laminated film of an aluminum foil and a polyolefin film is particularly preferred.
- Laminated film of aluminum vapor deposition film and polyolefin film is useful, especially laminated film composed of stretched polypropylene film / polyethylene film / aluminum foil / polyethylene film, stretched polypropylene film / low density polyethylene film / aluminum foil A laminated film or the like is useful.
- Protective pad with core tube through-holes on both ends of film roll either directly on film roll or after wrapping with wrapping film to prevent scratches at the end and adhesion of foreign substances such as dust on film roll Can be attached.
- a disk-shaped sheet or film is practical according to the film roll.
- a buffer function such as foam, woven fabric, and nonwoven fabric.
- a desiccant can be enclosed separately, or it can be laminated or mixed in the protective pad.
- the material of the protective pad is preferably plastic, and specific examples thereof include polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and the like.
- the protective pad containing the desiccant examples include, for example, calcium chloride, silica gel, molecular sieves, saccharides, particularly saccharides with high osmotic pressure, desiccants or water absorbents such as water absorbent resins, natural celluloses, synthetic celluloses, A moisture absorbent layer dispersed, impregnated, coated and dried in a moldable material such as glass cloth or non-woven fabric, and these desiccant or water absorbing agent can be used for the above moldable material, polyester film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, Teflon ( And those sandwiched between thermoplastic resin films such as (registered trademark) film.
- sheet-like desiccants examples include “Idie Sheet” manufactured by IDY, “Arrow Sheet” and “Zeo Sheet” manufactured by Shinagawa Kasei Co., Ltd., and “High Sheet Dry” manufactured by High Sheet Industrial Co., Ltd. .
- the film roll wrapped by such means is supported by providing brackets (support plates) at both end projections of the core tube or by placing the both end projections on a gantry, and without being grounded, so-called air Storage and transportation are preferably performed in a floating state.
- Brackets are used when the film width is relatively small, and pedestals are used when the film width is relatively large.
- the bracket is made of a veneer plate or a plastic plate, and the size of the bracket is sufficient if the four sides of the bracket are larger than the diameter of the film roll.
- a pair of brackets are arranged upright and fitted to the core tube protrusions at both ends of the film roll so as to face each other, and are provided on the film roll.
- a hollow hole slightly larger than the diameter of the core tube is usually provided in the central portion of the bracket, or a U-shape is hollowed from the upper portion of the bracket to the central portion so that the core tube can be easily inserted.
- Brackets Film rolls supported by brackets are stored and transported in cartons such as cardboard boxes, but when using rectangular brackets, the four corners should be cut off to facilitate the work during storage. preferable. Moreover, it is preferable to fix both with a binding tape so that the above-mentioned pair of brackets do not wobble. At that time, the side of the bracket (thickness portion) is about the same as the tape width so that the tape does not move or loosen. It is also practical to provide a tape slip prevention groove.
- the temperature is 10 to 30 ° C. and the humidity is 40 to 75% RH. .
- the water-soluble film of the present invention since the water-soluble film of the present invention thus obtained has high transparency and excellent appearance, it is used for unit packaging of chemicals such as agricultural chemicals and detergents, (hydraulic) transfer film, sanitary products such as napkins and paper diapers, and ostomy bags It is useful for various applications, such as being used as a temporary base material such as medical supplies such as sewage treatment supplies, blood-absorbing sheets, seedling sheets, seed tapes, and embroidery base fabrics.
- chemicals such as agricultural chemicals and detergents, (hydraulic) transfer film
- sanitary products such as napkins and paper diapers
- ostomy bags It is useful for various applications, such as being used as a temporary base material such as medical supplies such as sewage treatment supplies, blood-absorbing sheets, seedling sheets, seed tapes, and embroidery base fabrics.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention can be suitably used particularly as a water-soluble film for drug packaging.
- the water-soluble film for drug packaging is preferably a water-soluble film for detergent packaging or a water-soluble film for agricultural chemical packaging, and particularly preferably a water-soluble film for liquid detergent packaging.
- the chemical examples include agricultural chemicals such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, fertilizers, detergents for clothing, dishwashing detergents, and the like, and detergents are particularly preferable.
- the shape of the drug may be liquid or solid. In the case of a liquid, it is liquid at 25 ° C., and in the case of a solid, granules, tablets, powders, etc. may be mentioned.
- the drug is preferably a drug used by dissolving or dispersing in water. Further, the pH of the drug may be alkaline, neutral or acidic.
- the pH value when dissolved or dispersed in water is preferably 6-12, particularly preferably 7-11, and the water content of the liquid detergent is preferably 15% by weight or less, Particularly preferred is 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 7% by weight.
- the pH value is measured according to JIS K 3362 8.3.
- the water content is measured according to JIS K 3362 7.21.3.
- a medicine package of the present invention the above-mentioned medicine is included in a package made of a water-soluble film. Since it is packaged with a water-soluble film, it is used for applications in which the entire package is put into water, and after the water-soluble film is dissolved, the drug is dissolved or dispersed in water and the effect of the drug can be expressed. Therefore, it is suitable for a unit drug package in which a relatively small amount of drug such as one dose is packaged. In particular, it is suitable for individual packaging of liquid detergent, and the pharmaceutical packaging of the present invention in which the liquid detergent is packaged retains the shape containing the liquid detergent during storage and is in use (when washing). When the package (water-soluble film) comes into contact with water, the package is dissolved and the liquid detergent contained therein flows out of the package.
- the drug package of the present invention is manufactured by, for example, enclosing a drug in a package formed by adhering the ends of two water-soluble films cut into a square or a circle.
- the length (diameter) of one side is usually 10 to 50 mm, preferably 20 to 40 mm.
- the thickness of the water-soluble film used in such a package is usually 10 to 120 ⁇ m, preferably 15 to 110 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the amount of the drug to be included, for example, a liquid detergent is usually 5 to 50 mL, preferably 10 to 40 mL.
- a known method can be employed. For example, (1) a method for heat-sealing a water-soluble film, (2) a method for water-sealing, (3) a method for glue-sealing, etc. Among them, (2) a method for water-sealing is versatile and preferable.
- the drug package of the present invention usually has a smooth surface.
- embossed patterns, fine uneven patterns, special engraving patterns on the outer surface of the package (water-soluble film) in terms of blocking resistance, slipperiness during processing, reduced adhesion between products (package), and appearance , Etc. may have been subjected to uneven processing.
- Example 1 As the PVA resin (A), 100 parts of a carboxyl group-modified PVA (A) having a 4% aqueous solution viscosity at 20 ° C. of 23 mPa ⁇ s, an average saponification degree of 99 mol%, and a modification amount of 4.0 mol% by maleic acid monomethyl ester 20 parts sorbitol (b1) and 20 parts glycerin (b2) as plasticizer (B), 8 parts starch (average particle size 20 ⁇ m) as filler (D), polyoxyalkylene alkyl as surfactant (C) 0.8 parts of ether phosphate monoethanolamine salt and 345 parts of water are mixed and stirred for 90 minutes at 90 ° C.
- PVA-based resin (A) A PVA resin aqueous solution was obtained. Subsequently, the above PVA resin aqueous solution was heated under pressure for 5 hours under the conditions of a pressure of 0.17 MPa, a temperature of 130 ° C., and a humidity of 100% RH using a HAST chamber “EHS-411M” (manufactured by ESPEC). Processed. The pressure-heat treated PVA resin aqueous solution was allowed to stand at 80 ° C. for 1 day and defoamed, and then the surface temperature was adjusted to 100 ° C. using an applicator with a gap of 740 ⁇ m. Cast on top.
- Example 2 a PVA water-soluble film was obtained in the same manner except that the amount of the surfactant (C) was changed to 0.2 part.
- Example 2 a PVA-based water-soluble film was obtained in the same manner except that the treatment time for the pressure and heat treatment was changed to 30 minutes.
- the uniaxially stretched PVA-based water-soluble film is placed between the two polarizing plates placed in the crossed Nicol state of the strain tester “TORIBOGEAR TYPE: 25W” (manufactured by Shinto Kagaku), and the backlight is turned on.
- Crossed Nicols were observed, and the dark defect observed in the marked square frame was circled with an oil-based magic pen (line width 0.5 mm).
- line width 0.5 mm
- the water-soluble films of Examples 1 and 2 have less than 50 dark defects, and both the total haze (Ht) and internal haze (Hi) are low. Furthermore, in Example 2 in which the number of dark defects was further reduced, the total haze (Ht) and internal haze (Hi) showed lower values, indicating that the transparency of the film was improved. In contrast, the water-soluble films of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have more than 50 dark defects, and both the total haze (Ht) and internal haze (Hi) are higher than the water-soluble films of the examples. As a result, the transparency of the film was poor.
- the water-soluble film of the example is a package having excellent appearance because the film has high transparency even when a liquid detergent is packaged to form a medicine package.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention has excellent appearance due to high transparency of the film, and can be used for various packaging applications, and is particularly useful for unit packaging applications for drugs such as liquid detergents.
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Abstract
Description
(α)長さ25cm×幅13cmに切り出された水溶性フィルムの試験片の長手方向において、チャック間距離が11cmとなるよう、上記試験片を延伸機に装着し、温度23℃、湿度50%RHの条件下、延伸速度3mm/秒で延伸倍率1.2倍になるまで一軸延伸処理する。
ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を調製する工程と、
上記ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液に対し、圧力0.10~1.0MPa、温度130℃以上、湿度90%RH以上の条件で、1時間以上の加圧加熱処理を行う工程と、
上記加圧加熱処理後のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を、流延して乾燥する工程と、
を備えている水溶性フィルムの製造方法を、第二の要旨とする。
(α)長さ25cm×幅13cmに切り出された水溶性フィルムの試験片の長手方向において、チャック間距離が11cmとなるよう、上記試験片を延伸機に装着し、温度23℃、湿度50%RHの条件下、延伸速度3mm/秒で延伸倍率1.2倍になるまで一軸延伸処理する。
ついで、上記のように一軸延伸処理した試験片を、歪み検査器「TORIBOGEAR TYPE:25W」(新東科学社製)のクロスニコル状態に配置された2枚の偏光板の間に置き、バックライトを点灯してクロスニコル観察を行う。すると、水溶性フィルムの透明性を阻害する箇所は、上記クロスニコル観察により、暗欠陥(暗点)として現れる。そして、先に述べたようにマーキングした正方形枠内に観察された暗欠陥(暗点)の周囲を油性マジックペン(線幅0.5mm)で丸印をつけて囲う。その後、丸印の直径が1~5mmであるか否かをノギスで計測して判定し、5cm×5cm範囲内に含まれる暗欠陥個数を計測する。
本発明の水溶性フィルムの材料に用いられるPVA系樹脂(A)としては、未変性PVAや変性PVA系樹脂が挙げられる。
更に、PVA系樹脂(A)として、アニオン性基変性PVA系樹脂を用いる場合には、その平均ケン化度は、85モル%以上であることが好ましく、特には88~99.9モル%、更には90~99.5モル%であることが好ましい。
かかる平均ケン化度が小さすぎると、包装対象である薬剤のpHによっては経時的に水溶性フィルムの水への溶解性が低下する傾向がある。なお、平均ケン化度が大きすぎると、製膜時の熱履歴により水への溶解性が大きく低下する傾向がある。
また、PVA系樹脂(A)として、未変性PVAを用いる場合には、未変性PVAの20℃における4重量%水溶液粘度は、5~50mPa・sであることが好ましく、特には10~45mPa・s、更には15~40mPa・sであることが好ましい。
そして、PVA系樹脂(A)として、変性PVA系樹脂を用いる場合には、変性PVA系樹脂の20℃における4重量%水溶液粘度は、5~50mPa・sであることが好ましく、特には10~45mPa・s、更には15~40mPa・sであることが好ましい。
かかる粘度が小さすぎると、包装材料としての水溶性フィルムの機械的強度が低下する傾向があり、一方、かかる粘度が大きすぎると製膜時の水溶液粘度が高く生産性が低下する傾向がある。
中でも、本発明においては、PVA系樹脂(A)が、フィルムの水溶性を長く保持できる点で、変性PVA系樹脂を含有することが好ましい。とりわけアニオン性基変性PVA系樹脂を含有すること、特には、アニオン性基変性PVA系樹脂と未変性PVAを含有することが好ましい。
(I)または(II)の方法におけるビニルエステル系化合物としては、上記のものを用いることができるが、酢酸ビニルを用いることが好ましい。
本発明の水溶性フィルムの材料として、上記PVA系樹脂(A)に、可塑剤(B)を含有させることが、例えば、薬剤包装体とする場合に、水溶性フィルムに柔軟性を持たせる点で好ましい。
かかる可塑剤(b1)が少なすぎると水溶性フィルムが柔らかくなりすぎて、ブロッキングが生じやすくなる傾向があり、多すぎると水溶性フィルムが硬くなりすぎる傾向があり、低湿環境下でもろくなる傾向がある。また、可塑剤(b2)が少なすぎると水溶性フィルムが硬くなりすぎる傾向があり、低湿環境下でもろくなる傾向があり、多すぎると水溶性フィルムが柔らかくなりすぎて、ブロッキングが生じやすくなる傾向がある。
本発明で用いられる界面活性剤(C)としては、水溶性フィルム製造時のキャスト面からの剥離性改善の目的で含有されるものであり、通常、ノニオン性界面活性剤、アニオン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。これらは単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
ポリオキシエチレンヘキシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンヘプチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンノニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンデシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンドデシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンテトラデシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンヘキサデシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオクタデシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンエイコシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル、やし油還元アルコールエチレンオキサイド付加物、牛脂還元アルコールエチレンオキサイド付加物等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル類;
ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルノニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンドデシルフェニルエーテル等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル類;
カプロン酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、カプリル酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、カプリン酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、ラウリン酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、パルミチン酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、ステアリン酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、オレイン酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、やし油脂肪酸モノまたはジエタノールアミド、あるいはこれらのエタノールアミドに代えてプロパノールアミド、ブタノールアミド等の高級脂肪酸アルカノールアミド類;
カプロン酸アミド、カプリル酸アミド、カプリン酸アミド、ラウリン酸アミド、パルミチン酸アミド、ステアリン酸アミド、オレイン酸アミド等の高級脂肪酸アミド類;
ヒドロキシエチルラウリルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンヘキシルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンヘプチルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンノニルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンデシルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンドデシルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンテトラデシルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンヘキサデシルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンオクタデシルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンエイコシルアミン等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン類;
ポリオキシエチレンカプロン酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンカプリル酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンカプリン酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンラウリン酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンパルミチン酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンステアリン酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンオレイン酸アミド等のポリオキシエチレン高級脂肪酸アミド類;
ジメチルラウリルアミンオキシド、ジメチルステアリルオキシド、ジヒドロキシエチルラウリルアミンオキシド等のアミンオキシド等のアミンオキシド類;
ソルビタンモノラウレート、ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ソルビタンモノステアレート、ソルビタンモノオレエート等の多価アルコール脂肪酸エステル類;
ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノパルミテート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノオレエート等のポリオキシエチレン多価アルコール脂肪酸エステル類、等が挙げられる。
これらは単独でもしくは二種以上併せて用いられる。
ヘキシル硫酸ナトリウム、ヘプチル硫酸ナトリウム、オクチル硫酸ナトリウム、ノニル硫酸ナトリウム、デシル硫酸ナトリウム、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、テトラデシル硫酸ナトリウム、ヘキサデシル硫酸ナトリウム、オクタデシル硫酸ナトリウム、エイコシル硫酸ナトリウム、あるいはこれらのカリウム塩、カルシウム塩、アンモニウム塩等のアルキル硫酸エステル塩類;
ポリオキシエチレンヘキシルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンヘプチルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンノニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンデシルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンドデシルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンテトラデシルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンヘキサデシルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンオクタデシルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンエイコシルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、あるいはこれらのカリウム塩、アンモニウム塩等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩類;
ポリオキシエチレンヘキシルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンヘプチルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンデシルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンドデシルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンテトラデシルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンヘキサデシルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンオクタデシルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンエイコシルフェニルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、あるいはこれらのカリウム塩、アンモニウム塩等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸塩類;
カプロン酸エタノールアミド硫酸ナトリウム、カプリル酸エタノールアミド硫酸ナトリウム、カプリン酸エタノールアミド硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリン酸エタノールアミド硫酸ナトリウム、パルミチン酸エタノールアミド硫酸ナトリウム、ステアリン酸エタノールアミド硫酸ナトリウム、オレイン酸エタノールアミド硫酸ナトリウムあるいはこれらのカリウム塩、更にはこれらエタノールアミドに代えてプロパノールアミド、ブタノールアミド等の高級脂肪酸アルカノールアミド硫酸エステル塩類;
硫酸化油、高級アルコールエトキシサルフェート、モノグリサルフェート等のその他の硫酸エステル塩、等が挙げられる。
オクチルリン酸ナトリウム、ラウリルリン酸ナトリウム、ミリスチルリン酸ナトリウム、ヤシ油脂肪酸リン酸ナトリウム、あるいはこれらのカリウム塩、カルシウム塩等のアルキルリン酸エステル塩類;
ラウリルリン酸エステルトリエタノールアミン塩、オレイルリン酸エステルジエタノールアミン塩等のアルキルリン酸エステルアミン塩類;
ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンイソトリデシルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンミリスチルリン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンセチルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、ジポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンステアリルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、あるいはこれらのカリウム塩、カルシウム塩等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステル塩類;
ポリオキシアルキレンラウリルエーテルリン酸エステルモノエタノールアミン塩、ポリオキシアルキレンパルミチルエーテルリン酸エステルモノエタノールアミン塩、ポリオキシアルキレンステアリルエーテルリン酸エステルモノエタノールアミン塩、ポリオキシアルキレンオレイルエーテルリン酸エステルモノエタノールアミン塩、等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステルアミン塩類;
ポリオキシエチレンアリルフェニルエーテルリン酸エステルアミン塩等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルリン酸エステルアミン塩類;
ポリオキシエチレンラウリルアミドエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、あるいはこれらのカリウム塩、カルシウム塩等のポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸アミドエーテルリン酸エステル塩類、等が挙げられる。
脂肪酸石鹸、N-アシルアミノ酸およびその塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエステルカルボン酸塩、アシル化ペプチド等の上記(3)カルボン酸塩型;
アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸塩、ナフタレンスルホン酸の塩ホルマリン重縮合物、メラミンスルホン酸の塩ホルマリン縮合物、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸エステル塩、スルホコハク酸アルキル二塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルスルホコハク酸二塩、アルキルスルホ酢酸塩、α-オレフィンスルホン酸塩、N-アシルメチルタウリン塩、ジメチル-5-スルホイソフタレートナトリウム塩等の上記(4)スルホン酸塩型、等が挙げられる。
本発明で用いられるフィラー(D)は、耐ブロッキング性の目的で含有されるものであり、具体例としては、無機フィラーや有機フィラーが挙げられ、中でも有機フィラーが好ましい。また、平均粒子径としては、0.1~20μmであることが好ましく、特には0.5~15μmであることが好ましい。なお、上記平均粒子径は、例えば、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置等で測定することができる。
本発明の水溶性フィルムの製造方法としては、例えば、通常100℃以下の加熱等によりPVA系樹脂組成物を水に溶解させPVA系樹脂水溶液を調製する工程と、上記PVA系樹脂水溶液に対し、圧力0.10~1.0MPa、温度130℃以上、湿度90%RH以上の条件で、1時間以上の加圧加熱処理を行う工程と、上記加圧加熱処理後のPVA系樹脂水溶液を、流延して乾燥する工程とを備えた製造方法により製造すると、実用的に製造することができる。すなわち、上記加圧加熱処理により、PVA系樹脂(A)と界面活性剤(C)との会合体の形成を抑え、透明性の高い本発明の水溶性フィルムを、実用的に製造することができるようになる。
上記圧力は、好ましくは0.13~0.50MPa、特に好ましくは0.15~0.30MPaである。上記圧力が低すぎると、PVA系樹脂(A)と界面活性剤(C)の会合体が減少せず、本発明の効果が得られない傾向があり、上記圧力が高すぎると、圧力降下に時間がかかり、熱分解での粘度低下や、架橋によるフィッシュアイ発生や、ケン化度上昇により溶解性の低下が生じる傾向がある。
また、上記加圧加熱処理の温度は、好ましくは130~150℃、特に好ましくは130~140℃である。上記温度が低すぎると、PVA系樹脂(A)と界面活性剤(C)の会合体が減少せず、得られるフィルムのヘイズが高くなる傾向があり、上記温度が高すぎると、熱分解による溶液粘度低下、架橋によるフィッシュアイ発生、ケン化度上昇による溶解性低下が生じる傾向がある。
また、上記湿度は、好ましくは95~100%RH、特に好ましくは100%RHである。上記湿度が低すぎると、PVA系樹脂(A)と界面活性剤(C)の会合体が減少せず、本発明の効果が得られない傾向がある。
また、上記加圧加熱処理の時間は、好ましくは2~12時間、特に好ましくは3~8時間行われる。上記加圧加熱処理が短すぎると、PVA系樹脂(A)と界面活性剤(C)の会合体が減少せず、本発明の効果が得られない傾向があり、上記加圧加熱処理が長すぎると、熱分解での粘度低下、架橋によるフィッシュアイ発生、ケン化度上昇による溶解性低下が生じる傾向がある。
即ち、上記のような条件で加圧加熱処理することにより、界面活性剤(C)等の会合体の形成をより抑え、より透明性の高い本発明の水溶性フィルムを、実用的に製造することができるようになる。
なお、上記加圧加熱処理は、例えば、ESPEC社製のHASTチャンバー「EHS-411M」により、良好に行うことができる。
静置脱泡の温度としては、通常50~100℃、好ましくは70~95℃であり、脱泡時間は、通常2~30時間、好ましくは5~24時間である。
例えば、下記の条件にて行うことができる。
また、製膜時の乾燥においては、熱ロールによる乾燥、フローティングドライヤーを用いてフィルムに熱風を吹き付ける乾燥や遠赤外線装置、誘電加熱装置による乾燥等を併用することもできる。
上記熱処理温度は、50~150℃であることが好ましく、特には70~130℃であることが好ましく、熱処理時間としては、1~60秒間であることが好ましく、特には3~50秒間、更には5~40秒間であることが好ましい。
かかる凹凸加工に際しては、加工温度は、通常60~150℃であり、好ましくは80~140℃である。加工圧力は、通常2~8MPa、好ましくは3~7MPaである。加工時間は、上記加工圧力、加工速度にもよるが、通常0.01~5秒間であり、好ましくは0.1~3秒間である。
また、必要に応じて、凹凸加工処理の後に、熱によるフィルムの意図しない延伸を防止するために、冷却処理を施してもよい。
なお、上記含水率は、JIS K 6726 3.4に準拠して測定され、得られた揮発分の値を含水率とする。
芯管(S1)の内径は、3~30cmが好ましく、より好ましくは10~20cmである。
芯管(S1)の肉厚は、1~30mmが好ましく、より好ましくは2~25mmである。
芯管(S1)の長さは、フィルムの幅より長くすることが必要で、フィルムロールの端部から1~50cm突出するようにすることが好ましい。
芯管(S2)の内径は、3~30cmが好ましく、より好ましくは10~20cmである。
芯管(S2)の肉厚は、1~30mmが好ましく、より好ましくは3~25mmである。
芯管(S2)の長さは、製品のPVA系水溶性フィルム幅と同等或いはそれ以上の長さのものであればよく、好ましくは同等~50cm長いものである。
かかるスリットの形成に当たっては、シェア刃やレザー刃等を用いてスリットされるが、好ましくはシェア刃でスリットすることがスリット断面の平滑性の点で好ましい。
帯電防止剤としては、例えば、アルキルジエタノールアミン、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン、高級脂肪酸アルカノールアミド、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル等が使用される。これらは単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
包装に当たっては内側の水蒸気バリア性樹脂の包装フィルム、外側のアルミニウム素材からなる包装フィルムで順次包装を行い、幅方向に余った部分を芯管に押込むことが好ましい。
保護パッドの形状は、フィルムロールにあわせて、円盤状のシート、フィルムが実用的である。保護効果を顕著にするため発泡体、織物状、不織布状等の緩衝機能を付加させることが好ましい。また、湿気からフィルムロールを守るため乾燥剤を別途封入したり、前記保護パッドに積層または混入したりしておくこともできる。
保護パッドの素材はプラスチックが好ましく、その具体例としては、例えば、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル等が挙げられる。
市販されているシート状乾燥剤の例としては、アイディ社製の「アイディシート」や品川化成社製の「アローシート」、「ゼオシート」、ハイシート工業社製の「ハイシートドライ」等がある。
ブラケットはベニヤ板やプラスチック板からなるものであり、その大きさはブラケットの4辺がフィルムロールの直径より大きいものであればよい。
また、上記一対のブラケットがぐらつかないように、両者を結束テープで固定することが好ましく、そのときテープの移動や弛みが起こらないようにブラケットの側面(厚さ部分)にテープ幅と同程度のテープズレ防止溝を設けて置くのも実用的である。
本発明の水溶性フィルムは、特に薬剤包装用水溶性フィルムとして好適に用いることができる。薬剤包装用水溶性フィルムとしては、好ましくは洗剤包装用水溶性フィルムや農薬包装用水溶性フィルム、特に好ましくは液体洗剤包装用水溶性フィルムである。
薬剤の形状は、液体であっても固体であってもよく、液体の場合は、25℃で液状であり、固体の場合は、顆粒状、錠剤状、粉状等が挙げられる。
薬剤は、水に溶解または分散させて用いる薬剤が好ましい。また、薬剤のpHは、アルカリ性、中性、酸性のいずれであってもよい。
なお、上記pH値は、JIS K 3362 8.3に準拠して測定される。また、水分量は、JIS K 3362 7.21.3に準じて測定される。
本発明の薬剤包装体としては、水溶性フィルムからなる包装体内に上述の薬剤が内包されてなるものである。水溶性フィルムで包装されているため、包装体ごと水に投入し、水溶性フィルムが溶解した後に、薬剤が水に溶解または分散して、薬剤の効果が発現できる用途に用いられる。そのため、1回分等の比較的少量の薬剤が包装されているユニット薬剤包装体に好適である。
特に、液体洗剤の個包装体に好適であり、液体洗剤を包装した本発明の薬剤包装体は、保存の際には液体洗剤を内包した形状が保持されており、使用時(洗濯時)には、包装体(水溶性フィルム)が水と接触することにより、包装体が溶解して内包されている液体洗剤が包装体から流出することとなる。
なお、例中「部」、「%」とあるのは、重量基準を意味する。
PVA系樹脂(A)として、20℃における4%水溶液粘度23mPa・s、平均ケン化度99モル%、マレイン酸モノメチルエステルによる変性量4.0モル%のカルボキシル基変性PVA(A)を100部、可塑剤(B)としてソルビトール(b1)を20部およびグリセリン(b2)を20部、フィラー(D)として澱粉(平均粒子径20μm)を8部、界面活性剤(C)としてポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステルモノエタノールアミン塩を0.8部、および水345部を混合し、90℃の条件で90分間撹拌を行ってPVA系樹脂(A)を溶解させて、固形分濃度30%のPVA系樹脂水溶液を得た。続いて、上記のPVA系樹脂水溶液に対し、HASTチャンバー「EHS-411M」(ESPEC社製)を用いて、圧力0.17MPa、温度130℃、湿度100%RHの条件で5時間の加圧加熱処理を行った。加圧加熱処理したPVA系樹脂水溶液を80℃の条件で1日間静置保管して脱泡した後に、ギャップ740μmのアプリケーターを用いて表面温度を100℃に調整したクロムメッキ表面処理した金属板の上に流延した。流延したPVA系樹脂水溶液を温度100℃の金属板上で2分間乾燥させた後、金属板から30mm/秒の速度で乾燥フィルムを剥離させて長さ30cm、幅15cm、厚み90μm、水分率9重量%のPVA系水溶性フィルムを得た。
実施例1において、界面活性剤(C)の配合量を0.2部に変えた以外は同様にして、PVA系水溶性フィルムを得た。
実施例1において、加圧加熱処理を行わなかった以外は同様にして、PVA系水溶性フィルムを得た。
実施例1において、加圧加熱処理の処理時間を30分間に変えた以外は同様にして、PVA系水溶性フィルムを得た。
得られたPVA系水溶性フィルムについて、25cm(長手方向)×13cm(短手方向)の試験片を切り出し、中央部分に5cm×5cmの正方形枠を油性マジックペン(線幅0.5mm)でマーキングした。その後、チャック間距離を11cm(長手方向)として該試験片を延伸機に装着し、温度23℃、湿度50%RHにおいて、長手方向に延伸速度3mm/秒で延伸倍率1.2倍まで一軸延伸処理を行った。
ついで、一軸延伸処理したPVA系水溶性フィルムを、歪み検査器「TORIBOGEAR TYPE:25W」(新東科学社製)のクロスニコル状態に配置された2枚の偏光板の間に置き、バックライトを点灯してクロスニコル観察を行い、マーキングした正方形枠内に観察された暗欠陥の周囲を油性マジックペン(線幅0.5mm)で丸印をつけて囲った。その後、丸印の直径が1~5mmであるか否かをノギスで計測して判定し、5cm×5cm範囲内に含まれる直径1~5mmの暗欠陥個数を計測した。
得られたPVA系水溶性フィルムについて、JIS K 7136に準じて、ヘイズメーター「NDH4000」(日本電色工業社製)を用いて測定した。得られたフィルムを通常の表面状態で測定した値をトータルヘイズ(Ht)とし、得られたフィルムの表面・裏面にパラフィンオイルを塗布した表面状態で測定した値を内部ヘイズ(Hi)とした。
これに対し、比較例1および2の水溶性フィルムは、暗欠陥個数が50個を超え、トータルヘイズ(Ht)、内部ヘイズ(Hi)ともに、実施例の水溶性フィルムよりも高い値を示しており、フィルムの透明度が劣る結果であった。
Claims (10)
- ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)を主成分とする水溶性フィルムであって、下記(α)に示す条件で一軸延伸処理した上記水溶性フィルムの試験片に対し、クロスニコル観察したときの直径1~5mmの暗欠陥の個数が、一軸延伸処理前の上記試験片の5cm×5cm面積当たり50個以下であることを特徴とする水溶性フィルム。
(α)長さ25cm×幅13cmに切り出された水溶性フィルムの試験片の長手方向において、チャック間距離が11cmとなるよう、上記試験片を延伸機に装着し、温度23℃、湿度50%RHの条件下、延伸速度3mm/秒で延伸倍率1.2倍になるまで一軸延伸処理する。 - 上記水溶性フィルムが、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)100重量部に対して、可塑剤(B)を5~100重量部含有する水溶性フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 上記可塑剤(B)が、グリセリンおよびソルビトールから選ばれる少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする請求項2記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 上記水溶性フィルムが、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(A)100重量部に対して、界面活性剤(C)を0.01~3重量部含有する水溶性フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 上記界面活性剤(C)が、ポリオキシアルキレン構造を有する界面活性剤であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルムが、薬剤包装用水溶性フィルムであることを特徴とする水溶性フィルム。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルムの製造方法であって、
ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を調製する工程と、
上記ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液に対し、圧力0.10~1.0MPa、温度130℃以上、湿度90%RH以上の条件で、1時間以上の加圧加熱処理を行う工程と、
上記加圧加熱処理後のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を、流延して乾燥する工程と、
を備えていることを特徴とする水溶性フィルムの製造方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルムで形成された包装体と、上記包装体に包装された薬剤とからなることを特徴とする薬剤包装体。
- 上記薬剤が洗剤であることを特徴とする請求項8記載の薬剤包装体。
- 上記洗剤が液体洗剤であることを特徴とする請求項8または9記載の薬剤包装体。
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