WO2019187902A1 - 蒸着装置及び有機電子デバイスの生産方法 - Google Patents
蒸着装置及び有機電子デバイスの生産方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019187902A1 WO2019187902A1 PCT/JP2019/007301 JP2019007301W WO2019187902A1 WO 2019187902 A1 WO2019187902 A1 WO 2019187902A1 JP 2019007301 W JP2019007301 W JP 2019007301W WO 2019187902 A1 WO2019187902 A1 WO 2019187902A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/243—Crucibles for source material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/12—Organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/26—Vacuum evaporation by resistance or inductive heating of the source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/04—Sources of current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/16—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering
- H10K71/164—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering using vacuum deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/40—Thermal treatment, e.g. annealing in the presence of a solvent vapour
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/841—Applying alternating current [AC] during manufacturing or treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vapor deposition apparatus and a method for producing an organic electronic device, and more particularly to a vapor deposition apparatus that forms an organic material on a substrate.
- Patent Document 1 The inventors of the present application have proposed a vapor deposition apparatus for forming an organic material on a substrate and performing induction heating (Patent Document 1).
- the induction heating method is superior in thermal response compared to the resistance heating method. Therefore, temperature rise and cooling can be performed quickly and precise temperature control can be performed.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a resistance heating type vapor deposition apparatus.
- the resistance heating type vapor deposition apparatus 101 includes at least a vacuum chamber 111, a power source 115, and a cable 116.
- FIG. 16 it can be seen that various cables and members are densely packed in the space 120 under the vacuum chamber 111, and there is no space for further storing large-sized members.
- the power source used for induction heating is general, and has a size of about 20 cm to 40 cm, width 45 cm, and depth 60 cm. Moreover, the weight is large. Therefore, it is difficult to accommodate a large power source used for induction heating directly under a vacuum chamber. Therefore, the large power source used for induction heating and the vapor deposition chamber are arranged separately. As a result, the parasitic capacitance generated between the plurality of power cables connected to the plurality of crucibles, which are containers for storing the organic material, increases. Therefore, the resonance frequency shifts and the power induced in the container 3 decreases. In addition, since the cable becomes long, noise from outside tends to be carried and the controllability of heating may be lowered. In addition, noise may adversely affect the sensor system.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a practical vapor deposition apparatus or the like that suppresses noise while adopting an induction heating method having excellent thermal responsiveness when forming an organic material into a film.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a vapor deposition apparatus for forming an organic material on a substrate, the container containing the organic material at least partly composed of a conductor, and a container disposed around the container.
- a power semiconductor connected to the coil, and a DC power source connected to the power semiconductor, the power semiconductor being a transistor that forms part of an inverter unit that converts direct current to alternating current A functioning vapor deposition device.
- a second aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to the first aspect, further comprising a frequency control unit that controls an AC frequency output from the inverter unit.
- a third aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to the second aspect, wherein the frequency control unit is a small oscillator element, and a distance between the coil and the small oscillator element is the small oscillator element. And shorter than the distance between the DC power source.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to the third aspect, wherein the small oscillator element is a VCO or a DDS.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, comprising a plurality of the power semiconductors, wherein the plurality of power semiconductors are on the high side of the poles at both ends of the coil.
- the power semiconductor is a transistor
- the inverter unit includes a first transistor on the high side of one pole of the coil, and a second on the low side of the one pole of the coil.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to the fifth aspect, wherein at least one of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, and the fourth transistor is IGBT, Si power MOSFET, GaN power FET or SiC power MOSFET.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, further comprising a capacitor connected in series with the coil, wherein the power semiconductor converts direct current into alternating current.
- the capacitor functions as a transistor constituting a part of the inverter unit, and the capacitor is a metallized film capacitor or a large-capacity power film capacitor.
- An eighth aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, comprising a plurality of capacitors connected in series with the coil, wherein the plurality of capacitors are arranged in parallel with each other. ing.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, comprising a plurality of the power semiconductors, wherein the plurality of power semiconductors are connected in parallel.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention is a vapor deposition apparatus according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, comprising a plurality of the inverter units, wherein the plurality of inverter units are arranged in parallel.
- An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, wherein a distance between the coil and the power semiconductor is between the power semiconductor and the DC power source. Shorter than distance.
- a twelfth aspect of the present invention is the vapor deposition apparatus according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, further comprising a vacuum chamber disposed so as to enclose the container, wherein the coil is disposed outside the vacuum chamber. Placed in.
- a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing an organic electronic device using a vapor deposition apparatus for forming an organic material on a substrate, wherein the vapor deposition apparatus is at least partially composed of a conductor.
- a coil disposed around the container, a power semiconductor connected to the coil, and a direct current power source connected to the power semiconductor, wherein the power semiconductor exchanges direct current with alternating current
- the container functions as a transistor that constitutes a part of the inverter unit that converts the current into the coil, and the inverter unit converts the direct current from the direct-current power source into alternating current;
- a method for producing an organic electronic device comprising a heating step that is heated.
- a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is an organic electronic device production method according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein the vapor deposition apparatus includes an inverter unit connected to the coil and a DC power source connected to the inverter unit. And a frequency control unit that controls the frequency of the alternating current output from the inverter unit, wherein the inverter unit converts the direct current from the direct current power source into alternating current, and the frequency control unit includes the alternating current unit.
- An organic electronic device production method comprising: a frequency control step for controlling a frequency; and a heating step in which the container is heated by the alternating current flowing through the coil.
- a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the organic electronic device production method according to the fourteenth aspect, further comprising a second frequency control step in which the frequency control unit controls the frequency after the heating step. This is a method for producing an organic electronic device.
- a sixteenth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing any one of the thirteenth to fifteenth organic electronic devices, wherein the vapor deposition apparatus is connected to an inverter unit connected to the coil and to the inverter unit.
- the inverter unit has a first transistor on the high side of one pole of the coil, a second transistor on the low side of the one pole of the coil, and the coil A third transistor on the high side of the other pole and a fourth transistor on the low side of the other pole of the coil, and the inverter unit converts the direct current from the direct current power source into an alternating current.
- each aspect of the present invention by using a power semiconductor and a DC power supply, it is possible to reduce the influence of parasitic capacitance even if the large power supply and the deposition chamber are separated. In addition, it is possible to shorten the electric circuit through which the alternating current flows and reduce the risk of noise that adversely affects the sensor system such as a crystal resonator. Further, by using a power semiconductor much smaller than a DC power supply, it can be easily installed in a narrow space around the vapor deposition chamber.
- a power semiconductor is used in an inorganic material vapor deposition apparatus that is heated to several thousand degrees, it is at least not common that a power semiconductor is used for vapor deposition of an organic material.
- the present invention has been proposed by the present inventors who have proposed a vapor deposition apparatus by induction heating, and can provide a practical vapor deposition apparatus with reduced noise by using a DC power source that cannot be used in the induction heating method. Based on the philosophy, he came up with the usefulness of power semiconductors.
- overheat control can be performed by controlling the frequency of alternating current flowing in the coil.
- nonlinear control such as precise control and rapid control of the heating temperature of the crucible can be performed.
- the amount of cable can be reduced. Therefore, it becomes easy to suppress the generation of parasitic capacitance and noise and the adverse effect on the circuit.
- the switching frequency can be adjusted by voltage, it is possible to reduce the number of cables and devices as compared with the case where a function generator is used.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention it is possible to apply a voltage to the coil in different directions so that a current always flows through the coil. As a result, the current can be used without waste, and heating can be performed quickly. As a result, it is easy to suppress heat generation in each power semiconductor and reduce the burden on the element.
- the metallized film capacitor can change the capacitor value flexibly so that the resonance frequency becomes a high frequency such as 300 kHz even if the structure such as the cross-sectional area and the number of turns of the coil is changed. It is easy to suppress.
- the capacitors are also modularized, and it is difficult to think of arranging the capacitors in parallel unless there is a special intention.
- induction heating vapor deposition it can be said that it is an official configuration for those skilled in the art, but the inventors of the present application need to reduce the resistance component in order to suppress heat generation. Then, this idea was conceived based on the idea that vapor deposition is possible even with the above arrangement.
- the current flowing through each power semiconductor is dispersed. Therefore, heat generation in the power semiconductor is suppressed, and the burden on the element can be easily reduced.
- a power semiconductor and a circuit for controlling the power semiconductor are installed near a coil for warming the container, and a direct current is converted into an alternating current. It is easy to reduce the influence of the parasitic capacitance generated between the power cables on the resonance frequency. In addition, since the electric circuit through which the alternating current flows is surely shortened, noise that adversely affects a sensor system such as a crystal resonator can be further easily reduced.
- the organic material or the like does not adhere to the coil, so that the cleaning becomes easy and the maintainability of the vapor deposition apparatus can be improved.
- the fourteenth or fifteenth aspects of the present invention in addition to being able to stably control the temperature near the resonance frequency, it is also possible to rapidly control the temperature. For this reason, for example, when the actually measured value changes greatly from the set value (temperature or film forming rate) in the feedback, it is possible to quickly return to the set value. Depending on the organic material, the film forming rate may change suddenly due to dissolution or the like. Such a case can be dealt with by rapid control.
- FIG. 1 is a partial end view of a vapor deposition apparatus 1 of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the relationship between a frequency domain and input energy amount. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example which has arrange
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the relationship between a frequency domain and input energy amount. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example which has arrange
- FIG. 1 shows a partial end view of a vapor deposition apparatus 1 of Example 1 (an example of a “vapor deposition apparatus” in the claims of the present application).
- the vapor deposition apparatus 1 includes a container 3 (an example of a “container” in the claims of the present application), a container holding unit 5, a coil 7 (an example of “coil” in the claims of the present application), and a power semiconductor 9 (“ An example of “power semiconductor”, a vacuum chamber 11 (an example of “vacuum chamber” in the claims of the present application), a DC power source 15 (an example of “DC power source” in the claims of the present application), and a cable 16.
- the container 3 contains the organic material 17.
- the container holding unit 5 holds the container 3.
- the coil 7 is wound around the container 3 and installed.
- the power semiconductor 9 is electrically connected to the DC power source 15 and the cable 16.
- the power semiconductor 9 is also connected to the coil 7.
- the container 3, the container holding part 5, and the coil 7 are inside the vacuum chamber 11. Further, the power semiconductor 9, the DC power supply 15, and the cable 16 are outside the vacuum chamber 11.
- the container 3 is at least partially made of a conductor. Specifically, a metal container is coated with an insulating material. Therefore, when an alternating current flows through the coil 7 disposed around the container 3, the conductor portion of the container 3 is heated by induction heating. Moreover, it can prevent that the container 3 and the coil 7 contact electrically. If the coil can be externally cooled or water-cooled with a pipe, the distance between the coil and the container 3 is very small, so that the cooling efficiency is expected to improve. As a result, when the induction heating method is used, the thermal response is better than the resistance heating method, and the temperature can be easily adjusted.
- the bottom surface 19 of the vacuum chamber 11 can be removed for taking the container 3 in and out.
- the bottom surface 19 and the side surface 21 of the vacuum chamber 11 are sealed with an O-ring 23.
- the inside of the vacuum chamber 11 can be decompressed with a high degree of vacuum by a vacuum pump (not shown).
- the vapor deposition apparatus 1 heats the container 3 under reduced pressure to vaporize the organic material 17 to form a film on a substrate installed in a vacuum chamber (not shown).
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram illustrating an induction heating type electronic circuit using a DC power source and a MOSFET in the vapor deposition apparatus 1.
- a silicon power MOSFET 31 and a silicon power MOSFET 33 are connected in series to the DC power source 15.
- the silicon power MOSFET 33 is grounded on the opposite side when viewed from the silicon power MOSFET 31. Note that both the silicon power MOSFET 31 and the silicon power MOSFET 33 are installed so as to be in the reverse direction when viewed from the DC power supply 15, and current from the DC power supply 15 does not flow without a channel.
- the coil 7 installed so as to wrap around the container 3 has one end 32 electrically connected to a contact 34 between the silicon power MOSFET 31 and the silicon power MOSFET 33.
- the other end 35 of the coil 7 is connected in series with a capacitor 36 and a resistor 37.
- the other side of the resistor 37 as viewed from the capacitor 36 is grounded.
- the coil 7, capacitor 36, and resistor 37 form an RLC circuit unit 39.
- the resistor 37 includes the internal resistance of the MOSFET and the resistance values of the wiring and the coil 7.
- the FET drive circuit unit 41 is electrically connected to the gate electrodes of the silicon power MOSFET 31 and the silicon power MOSFET 33, respectively.
- the FET drive circuit unit 41 receives the signal from the vibrator 43 and inputs the input signal 45 or the input signal 47 to the gate electrode of the silicon power MOSFET 31 or the silicon power MOSFET 33, respectively.
- the silicon power MOSFET 31 When the input signal 45 is input from the FET drive circuit unit 41 to the silicon power MOSFET 31, the silicon power MOSFET 31 is turned on, and current flows in the direction of the DC power supply 15, the silicon power MOSFET 31, the contact 34, the coil 7, the capacitor 36, and the resistor 37. Flows.
- an input signal 47 is input from the FET drive circuit unit 41 to the silicon power MOSFET 33, the silicon power MOSFET 33 is turned on, and a current flows in the direction of the resistor 37, capacitor 36, coil 7, contact 34, and silicon power MOSFET 33.
- the direct current from the direct current power supply 15 can be converted into alternating current and supplied to the coil 7. That is, the silicon power MOSFET 33 functions as a transistor that constitutes a part of an inverter unit (an example of an “inverter unit” in the claims) that converts a direct current into an alternating current.
- FIG. 3 shows a photograph of an example of a silicon power MOSFET.
- the silicon power MOSFET is generally as small as a pen. Therefore, it can be installed in a space under a vacuum chamber where the power supply cannot be accommodated.
- the oscillator and the DC power source are connected to the drive circuit by a coaxial cable or a pair wire.
- the oscillator can be downsized and installed next to the silicon power MOSFET and the driving circuit.
- the vapor deposition apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can reduce the influence of the parasitic capacitance even when the large power source and the vapor deposition chamber are separated by using the power semiconductor 9 and the DC power supply 15. .
- the electric circuit through which the alternating current flows is shortened, and noise that adversely affects the sensor system such as a crystal resonator can be further easily reduced.
- the power semiconductor 9 is installed as close to the coil 7 as possible, and is installed closer to the coil 7 than the DC power supply 15.
- the power semiconductor 9 is installed near the coil for heating the container 3 and functions as a transistor constituting a part of the inverter unit that converts direct current into alternating current, so that parasitic capacitance generated between a plurality of cables resonates. It becomes easy to reduce the influence on the frequency.
- a circuit through which an alternating current flows is reliably shortened, noise that adversely affects a sensor system such as a crystal resonator is reduced.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the correlation between the applied voltage and current of the DC power supply in the reduced model of the vapor deposition apparatus 1 of this example.
- the horizontal axis shows the value of the set voltage of the DC power supply 15.
- shaft shows the value of the electric current supplied from DC power supply.
- the material of the coil is copper, the number of turns is 6, the length is about 50 mm, and the coil radius is about 10 mm.
- the current flowing through the coil increases in proportion to the applied voltage. Further, when the resonance frequency is out of 61.7 kHz, the impedance increases and the current decreases.
- FIG. 4 shows that the current decreases at 70 kHz (circle marker) which is higher than the resonance frequency and 50 kHz (triangle marker) which is less than the resonance frequency. Therefore, if the resonance frequency fluctuates frequently due to the influence of parasitic capacitance, the frequency of the applied voltage easily deviates from the resonance frequency. In this case, the current flowing through the coil also varies, making it difficult to perform precise heating control of induction heating.
- the resonance frequency of the RLC series resonance circuit hardly changes, and the reproducibility is good. Therefore, it becomes possible to carry out more precise heating control by the induction heating method than before.
- a vapor deposition apparatus for forming an organic material that vaporizes at a relatively low temperature
- precise heating control is required as compared with the vapor deposition of an inorganic material.
- noise can be reduced, so that it is possible to provide a vapor deposition apparatus capable of more precise heating control than before.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature change with time in the reduced model of the vapor deposition apparatus 1.
- the horizontal axis represents elapsed time (seconds), and the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.).
- the points plotted by circles and squares indicate the temperatures in the coil and the container, respectively.
- the temperature in the container rapidly increased from about 25 ° C. to about 100 ° C. in about 30 seconds until the current was turned on (turned on) and turned off. I understand. It can also be seen that the temperature in the container cools rapidly from about 100 ° C. to about 45 ° C. in about 100 seconds after the current is turned off.
- FIG. 6 shows a partial end view of the vapor deposition apparatus 61 of the second embodiment.
- the vapor deposition apparatus 61 includes a container 63, a coil 65, a power semiconductor 67, a vacuum chamber 69, a DC power supply 71, and a cable 73.
- the main difference between the vapor deposition device 61 and the vapor deposition device 1 is that the coil 65 is disposed outside the vacuum chamber 69.
- the vacuum chamber 69 has a chamber bottom 75 and a chamber top 77.
- the chamber bottom 75 is connected to the chamber top 77 through an O-ring 79.
- a container 63 for accommodating the organic material 81 is disposed inside the chamber bottom 75.
- the coil 65 is disposed so as to wind the container 63 from the outside of the chamber bottom 75.
- the configuration in which the coil 65 and the container 63 are separated by the vacuum chamber 69 prevents the organic material 81 from adhering to the coil 65.
- a person manually wipes it off using an organic solvent.
- it takes time and effort to wipe off the vapor deposition material adhering to a complicated structure such as a coil.
- cleaning becomes easy and the maintainability of the vapor deposition apparatus 61 can be improved.
- a container 63, a coil 65, and a power semiconductor 67 are prepared as a unit instead of a resistance heating source, and a DC power source is diverted and an induction heating type with high controllability is used. It can also be used as a vapor deposition apparatus.
- the power semiconductor may not be a silicon power MOSFET, and for example, a SiC-MOSFET, a GaN power FET, or an IGBT may be used.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing (a) a change over time in the temperature of the crucible under vacuum and (b) a photograph of the vapor deposition apparatus used.
- the horizontal axis of Fig.7 (a) is elapsed time (second), and a vertical axis
- shaft is the temperature (degreeC) of a crucible.
- the temperature of the crucible could be raised to 450 ° C. over 10 minutes. It was also confirmed that heating was possible even when the resonance point was changed.
- FIG. 8 shows (a) the change with time of the temperature of the crucible when ⁇ -NPD is put in the crucible, (b) the change with time of the deposition rate of ⁇ -NPD, and (c) the crucible when Alq 3 is put in the crucible.
- time course of temperature and is a diagram showing the time course of the deposition rate of (d) Alq 3.
- ⁇ -NPD is a hole transport material
- Alq 3 is an organic material used as a light emitting material.
- the resonance frequency was 241 kHz
- Alq 3 vapor deposition the resonance frequency was 316 kHz.
- FIG. 8 in both cases of ⁇ -NPD and Alq 3 , it was confirmed that the crucible could be kept at a constant temperature after a certain period of time and that film formation was possible at a constant deposition rate. .
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the device characteristics of an organic EL element produced using the vapor deposition apparatus of the present invention.
- the element structure was ITO (100 nm) / ⁇ -NPD (60 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / LiF (1 nm) / Al (100 nm).
- the device characteristics of the organic EL element by the induction heating method of the present invention are indicated by a circular marker, and those by the conventional resistance heating method are indicated by rhombus markers as a comparative example.
- FIG. 9A the horizontal axis represents voltage (V) and the vertical axis represents current density (mA / cm 2 ).
- FIG. 9B shows the logarithm of the vertical axis of FIG.
- FIG. 9C the horizontal axis represents current density (mA / cm 2 ), and the vertical axis represents external quantum efficiency (%).
- FIG. 9D the horizontal axis represents current density (mA / cm 2 ), and the vertical axis represents current efficiency (cd / A).
- FIG. 9E is a diagram showing an emission spectrum of the organic EL element, where the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis represents light intensity.
- FIG. 9F the horizontal axis represents luminance (cd / m 2 ) and the vertical axis represents current efficiency (cd / A).
- FIG. 10 and 11 are diagrams showing the influence of the vapor deposition apparatus of the present invention on the crystal resonator (film thickness meter).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing (a) the time dependence of the crucible temperature and (b) the response of the signal (frequency) of the film thickness meter when the voltage of the DC power supply is changed.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing (a) the time dependence of the crucible temperature and (b) the response of the signal (frequency) of the film thickness meter when the switching frequency of the inverter is changed.
- FIG. 10 (a) shows that the temperature rise rate corresponds well to the voltage change.
- the temperature rise rate depends almost linearly on the voltage value and the current value.
- FIG. 10B even if the voltage of the DC power supply is changed, the frequency fluctuation of the film thickness meter is about 4 Hz at the maximum. When an organic material is deposited, the frequency of the film thickness meter usually varies by about 500-1,000Hz. Therefore, from FIG. 10B, it was found that the change in the voltage of the DC power supply does not give a large error to the film thickness measurement. It was found that when the voltage is large, the amount of change of the vibrator is large, but it fluctuates due to the influence of radiant heat.
- FIG. 11 (a) shows that the temperature rise rate and the maximum temperature reached are different by changing the switching frequency of the inverter.
- FIG. 11B even if the switching frequency is changed, the frequency fluctuation of the film thickness meter is about 5 Hz at the maximum. Therefore, it has been found that the change in the switching frequency of the inverter does not give a large error to the film thickness measurement.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the frequency of alternating current flowing through the coil and the amount of input energy.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency region and the heating temperature.
- the maximum temperature that can be reached changes by frequency control using a frequency control unit such as a function generator. This means that heating control is possible by frequency control.
- the heating temperature can be kept substantially constant even with some frequency fluctuations. For this reason, the temperature can be precisely controlled in the vicinity of the resonance frequency, and it becomes easy to form a stable film. Further, for example, when a value becomes larger than a value (temperature or film forming rate) desired to be set at the time of control, it becomes easy to return to the original value by greatly changing the frequency.
- a similar operation can be performed by controlling a DC power supply, but a power supply that outputs in response to an external signal is expensive and may not have the above function.
- the design does not require a special apparatus other than the vapor deposition source, it can be easily incorporated into a conventional apparatus. Therefore, it is significant that power control can be performed only with a small frequency control unit.
- the configuration of the frequency control unit provided in the vapor deposition apparatus will be described in detail below.
- a function generator with good frequency stability may be used as described above.
- the organic electronic device production method using the vapor deposition apparatus of the present invention also has an overspec.
- the function generator is a relatively large device, and noise generation from wiring and cables, which is a subject of the present invention, can be a problem.
- VCO Voltage Control Oscillator
- the switching frequency can be adjusted by the voltage, it is possible to reduce the number of cables and devices as compared with the case where a function generator is used.
- DDS Direct Digital Synthesizer
- DDS Direct Digital Synthesizer
- the small oscillator element is installed in a place where the distance between the coil and the small oscillator element is at least shorter than the distance between the small oscillator element and the DC power source, and preferably installed in the lower part of the chamber.
- the amount of cables can be reduced. Therefore, it becomes easy to suppress the generation of parasitic capacitance and noise and the adverse effect on the circuit.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing an example in which power semiconductors are arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing an example in which power semiconductors are arranged symmetrically.
- the actual capacitor has a resistance component, which causes the capacitor to be heated even when an alternating current is passed at the resonance frequency.
- the upper limit value that allows current to flow is set in the actual capacitor.
- the upper limit value of a 0.01 ⁇ F capacitor may be 2 A
- the upper limit value of a 0.1 ⁇ F capacitor 10 times larger in capacity may be 4 A.
- by arranging 10 capacitors of 0.01 ⁇ F in parallel it is possible to design a circuit capable of flowing a current 5 times as high as 20 A even with the same 0.1 ⁇ F.
- FIG. 15C when a voltage is applied by arranging two power semiconductors (transistors), one on the high side and one on the low side, on one pole of the coil, While the power semiconductor on the side is in the OFF state, it is a time zone in which no current flows. Therefore, as shown in FIGS.
- the inverter unit has a first transistor 85 on the high side of one pole 83 of the coil 81, and the one pole 83 of the coil 81 has A second transistor 87 on the low side; a third transistor 91 on the high side of the other pole 89 of the coil 81; a fourth transistor 93 on the low side of the other pole 89 of the coil 81; A total of four transistors are arranged symmetrically with respect to the coil 81.
- FIG. 15C since the voltage Vcc is applied only from one pole 97 of the coil 95 to the other pole 99, there is a time zone during which no current flows.
- Vcc is applied to the coil 81 in the direction from one pole 83 to the other pole 89 (FIG. 15A).
- Vcc is also applied in the direction from the other pole 89 to the one pole 83 (FIG. 15B).
- the current can be used without waste, and heating can be performed quickly.
- it is easy to suppress heat generation in each power semiconductor and reduce the burden on the element.
- the burden on elements such as power semiconductors and capacitors increases. If the power semiconductor overheats and fails, no current is supplied to the coil. In a worse case, the power semiconductor may run out of heat and a large current may flow into the FET driver. In this case, the capacitor in the FET driver may rupture and there is a risk of electric shock. This is particularly a problem when the present invention is applied to a sublimation generating apparatus that uses a metal cylindrical container having a diameter larger than that of the vapor deposition apparatus in general when the vapor deposition apparatus is enlarged.
- a magnetic material may be used for the material of the container 3 such as a crucible used in a vapor deposition apparatus or a sublimation generation apparatus, a magnetic material may be mixed in the container 3 itself, or a magnetic material may be mixed in the container 3. .
- a magnetic material is used for the container 3, it is considered that when heated by induction heating, the magnetic material is magnetized, the magnetic field effectively enters the container 3, the current flowing through the surface increases effectively, and the heating efficiency increases. Because it is.
- 1 deposition apparatus 3 container, 5 container holding part, 7 coil, 9 power semiconductor, 11 vacuum chamber, 15 DC power supply, 16 cable, 17 organic material, 19 vacuum chamber bottom, 21 vacuum chamber side, 23 O-ring, 31 silicon power MOSFET, 33 silicon power MOSFET, 34 contacts, 36 capacitors, 37 resistors, 39 RLC circuit section, 41 FET drive circuit, 43 vibrator, 45 input signal, 47 input signal, 47 input signal, 61 vapor deposition device, 63 container, 65 coil , 67 power semiconductor, 69 vacuum chamber, 71 DC power supply, 73 cable, 75 chamber bottom, 77 chamber top, 79 O-ring, 81 organic material, 101 vapor deposition device, 111 vacuum chamber, 115 power supply, 116 Buru, 120 spaces
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 有機材料を基板に製膜する蒸着装置であって、
少なくとも一部が導体で構成されている前記有機材料を収納する容器と、
前記容器の周囲に配置されているコイルと、
前記コイルに接続しているパワー半導体と、
前記パワー半導体に接続している直流電源を備え、
前記パワー半導体は、直流を交流に変換するインバータ部の一部を構成するトランジスタとして機能する、蒸着装置。 - 前記インバータ部が出力する交流の周波数を制御する周波数制御部をさらに備える、請求項1記載の蒸着装置。
- 前記周波数制御部は、小型発振器素子であり、前記コイルと前記小型発振器素子との間の距離が、前記小型発振器素子と前記直流電源との間の距離よりも短い、請求項2記載の蒸着装置。
- 前記小型発振器素子は、VCO又はDDSである、請求項3記載の蒸着装置。
- 前記インバータ部は、
前記コイルの一方の極のハイサイド側に第1トランジスタを有し、
前記コイルの前記一方の極のローサイド側に第2トランジスタを有し、
前記コイルの他方の極のハイサイド側に第3トランジスタを有し、
前記コイルの前記他方の極のローサイド側に第4トランジスタを有する、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の蒸着装置。 - 前記第1トランジスタ、前記第2トランジスタ、前記第3トランジスタ及び前記第4トランジスタのうち少なくとも1つは、IGBT、SiパワーMOSFET、GaNパワーFET又はSiCパワーMOSFETである、請求項5記載の蒸着装置。
- 前記コイルと直列に接続されたコンデンサをさらに備え、
前記パワー半導体は、直流を交流に変換するインバータ部の一部を構成するトランジスタとして機能するものであり、
前記コンデンサは、メタライズドフィルムコンデンサ又は大容量パワーフィルムコンデンサである、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の蒸着装置。 - 前記コイルと直列に接続されたコンデンサを複数備え、複数の前記コンデンサは、互いに並列に配列されている、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の蒸着装置。
- 前記パワー半導体を複数備え、
複数の前記パワー半導体は、並列に接続されている、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の蒸着装置。 - 前記インバータ部を複数備え、複数の前記インバータ部は、並列に配置されている、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の蒸着装置。
- 前記コイルと前記パワー半導体との間の距離が、前記パワー半導体と前記直流電源との間の距離よりも短い、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の蒸着装置。
- 前記容器を内包するように配置される真空チャンバーをさらに備え、
前記コイルは前記真空チャンバーの外部に配置される、請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の蒸着装置。 - 有機材料を基板に製膜する蒸着装置を用いた有機電子デバイスの生産方法であって、
前記蒸着装置は、
少なくとも一部が導体で構成されている前記有機材料を収納する容器と、
前記容器の周囲に配置されているコイルと、
前記コイルに接続しているパワー半導体と、
前記パワー半導体に接続している直流電源を備え、
前記パワー半導体は、直流を交流に変換するインバータ部の一部を構成するトランジスタとして機能するものであり、
前記インバータ部が、前記直流電源からの直流を交流に変換する変換ステップと、
前記コイルに電流が流れることで前記容器が加熱される加熱ステップを含む、有機電子デバイスの生産方法。 - 前記蒸着装置は、
前記コイルに接続しているインバータと、
前記インバータに接続している直流電源と、
前記インバータが出力する交流の周波数を制御する周波数制御部をさらに備え、
前記インバータが、前記直流電源からの直流を交流に変換する変換ステップと、
前記周波数制御部が、前記交流の周波数を制御する周波数制御ステップと、
前記コイルに前記交流が流れることで前記容器が加熱される加熱ステップを含む、請求項13記載の有機電子デバイスの生産方法。 - 前記蒸着装置は、
前記コイルに接続しているインバータ部と、
前記インバータ部に接続している直流電源を備え、
前記インバータ部は、
前記コイルの一方の極のハイサイド側に第1トランジスタを有し、
前記コイルの前記一方の極のローサイド側に第2トランジスタを有し、
前記コイルの他方の極のハイサイド側に第3トランジスタを有し、
前記コイルの前記他方の極のローサイド側に第4トランジスタを有するものであり、
前記インバータ部が、前記直流電源からの直流を交流に変換する変換ステップと、
前記コイルの前記一方の極から前記他方の極に電流が流れることで前記容器が加熱される第1加熱ステップと、
前記コイルの前記他方の極から前記一方の極に電流が流れることで前記容器が加熱される第2加熱ステップを含む、請求項13又は14記載の有機電子デバイスの生産方法。
Priority Applications (5)
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EP19774731.4A EP3822388A4 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-02-26 | VAPOR DEPOSITION APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING AN ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICE |
US17/042,267 US20210013457A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-02-26 | Vapor deposition apparatus and organic electronic device production method |
CN201980023277.7A CN111971411A (zh) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-02-26 | 蒸镀装置及有机电子器件的生产方法 |
KR1020227013143A KR20220053700A (ko) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-02-26 | 증착 장치 및 유기 전자 장치의 생산 방법 |
KR1020207030373A KR102391901B1 (ko) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-02-26 | 증착 장치 및 유기 전자 장치의 생산 방법 |
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JP2018225362A JP6709272B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-11-30 | 蒸着装置及び有機電子デバイスの生産方法 |
JP2018-225363 | 2018-11-30 | ||
JP2018225364A JP6709273B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-11-30 | 蒸着装置 |
JP2018225363A JP6734909B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-11-30 | 蒸着装置及び有機電子デバイスの生産方法 |
JP2018-225361 | 2018-11-30 | ||
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JP2018225361A JP6709271B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-11-30 | 蒸着装置及び有機電子デバイスの生産方法 |
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KR20220053700A (ko) | 2022-04-29 |
EP3822388A4 (en) | 2022-06-08 |
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