WO2019182020A1 - Outil rotatif pour soudage par friction-malaxage à double face, dispositif de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face et procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face - Google Patents

Outil rotatif pour soudage par friction-malaxage à double face, dispositif de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face et procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019182020A1
WO2019182020A1 PCT/JP2019/011734 JP2019011734W WO2019182020A1 WO 2019182020 A1 WO2019182020 A1 WO 2019182020A1 JP 2019011734 W JP2019011734 W JP 2019011734W WO 2019182020 A1 WO2019182020 A1 WO 2019182020A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
double
friction stir
stir welding
rotary
sided friction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/011734
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
松下　宗生
池田　倫正
松田　広志
大起 山岸
Original Assignee
Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 filed Critical Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社
Priority to EP19772150.9A priority Critical patent/EP3738705B1/fr
Priority to JP2019529679A priority patent/JP6901001B2/ja
Priority to EP22195812.7A priority patent/EP4129554A1/fr
Priority to CN201980019963.7A priority patent/CN111867777B/zh
Priority to US16/980,098 priority patent/US20210023650A1/en
Priority to MX2020009723A priority patent/MX2020009723A/es
Priority to KR1020207026318A priority patent/KR102395331B1/ko
Publication of WO2019182020A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019182020A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/125—Rotary tool drive mechanism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1225—Particular aspects of welding with a non-consumable tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a double-sided friction stir welding rotary tool for use in double-sided friction stir welding that joins two metal plates while rotating a pair of opposing rotary tools in opposite directions, and the double-sided friction stir welding rotary tool.
  • the present invention relates to a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus and a double-sided friction stir welding method.
  • Patent Document 1 by rotating both or one of the members such as a pair of metal plates, the frictional heat is generated in the metal plate and softened, and the softened portion is stirred to cause plastic flow.
  • a technique for joining metal plates is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 1 since the technique described in Patent Document 1 needs to rotate a member such as a metal plate to be joined, there is a limit to the shape and size of the member such as a metal plate to be joined.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a rotary tool having a probe (also referred to as a pin) made of a material that is substantially harder than a workpiece such as a metal plate. Is inserted into the unjoined portion of the metal plate, and the tool is moved while rotating, so that the metal plate is caused by heat and plastic flow generated between the rotating tool and the metal plate. A method of continuous joining in the longitudinal direction is disclosed. In the present specification, a portion that is not yet joined at a portion where the metal plates are butted or overlapped is referred to as an “unjoined portion”, and a joined and integrated portion is referred to as a “joined portion”. Called.
  • the friction welding method described in Patent Document 1 is a method in which metal plates are rotated and welded by frictional heat between the metal plates.
  • the friction stir welding method described in Patent Document 2 is a method of performing bonding by moving a rotating tool while rotating a metal plate.
  • the friction stir welding method has an advantage that even a member that is substantially infinitely long in the welding direction can be continuously solid-phase bonded in the longitudinal direction.
  • the friction stir welding method is a solid phase joining using plastic flow of metal due to frictional heat between the rotary tool and the metal plate, the unjoined part can be joined without melting. Further, since the heating temperature is low, deformation after joining is small, and the metal plate is not melted, so that there are few defects in the joining portion, and in addition, there are many advantages such as not requiring a filler material.
  • the friction stir welding method is a method of joining low melting point metal materials represented by aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys, and its use is expanding in the fields of aircraft, ships, railway vehicles, automobiles, and the like.
  • the reason for this is that these low melting point metal materials are difficult to obtain satisfactory characteristics in the joints by the conventional arc welding method, and the productivity is improved and the quality is high by applying the friction stir welding method. This is because a joint (joint) can be obtained.
  • the application of the friction stir welding method to structural steel remains a problem in joining workability such as the suppression of defects in joints during jointing and the increase in joining speed, so friction stir welding for low melting point metal materials Compared with the application of the joining method, it has not been popularized.
  • Examples of the defect of the joint described above include a shape defect and a joint defect on the joint surface or inside the joint immediately after joining.
  • the main causes of the occurrence of defects in the friction stir welding method described in Patent Document 2 described above include variations in temperature and plastic flow that occur in the thickness direction of the metal plate. Specifically, when the rotating tool is disposed only on one side of the metal plate, the one side can obtain a plastic flow sufficient to achieve a metallurgically preferable joining state, but on the other side, In many cases, the temperature rise of the unjoined part during joining and the load of shear stress are insufficient, and only insufficient plastic flow can be obtained.
  • the structural steel which is a workpiece, has high strength at high temperatures, and therefore has a low heat input and a high joining speed. In many cases, sufficient plastic flow cannot be obtained in the unjoined portion. Therefore, it is difficult to increase the joining speed while suppressing the occurrence of defects during joining.
  • Patent Documents 3, 4, and 5 disclose a double-side friction stir welding method.
  • a pair of rotating tools facing each other presses one side and the other side of the joining portion of the metal plate (workpiece), so that the thickness direction of the workpiece is reduced.
  • a homogeneous and sufficient plastic flow can be obtained.
  • a rotating tool having a projecting probe at the tip and the center of the rotating shaft and having a shoulder portion that is flatter around the probe is inserted into the unjoined portion.
  • the workpieces are joined by being translated while being rotated. Therefore, since a great load is applied to the probe during joining, the probe is particularly likely to be damaged and worn in the parts constituting the rotary tool.
  • Patent Documents 6 and 7 are intended to reinforce the welded part or harden the metal surface, and are not considered at all for being applied to the joining of metal plates.
  • the tip of the rotary tool disclosed in these techniques is described as flat or flat, but there is no description about making it a concave or convex curved surface for the purpose of improving plastic flow.
  • the conventional rotary tool described in Patent Documents 6 and 7 described above has a spiral step portion formed in a direction opposite to the rotation direction. Therefore, when the conventional rotary tool is used for joining metal plates, sufficient plastic flow cannot be obtained in the plate thickness direction, which may cause poor joining.
  • Patent Documents 8 to 11 are intended for joining metal plates by a friction stir method, but are not considered at all for being applied to the double-side friction stir joining method. That is, since Patent Documents 8 to 11 do not disclose an appropriate relationship between the diameter of the tool tip and the thickness of the metal plate to be joined in the double-side friction stir welding method, there is a possibility that a sound joint cannot be obtained.
  • the present invention has been completed in view of the above problems, and is a double-sided friction stir welding for use in double-sided friction stir welding that joins two metal plates while rotating a pair of opposed rotating tools in opposite directions. It is an object of the present invention to provide a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus and a double-sided friction stir welding method using the rotary tool for double-sided friction stir welding.
  • the gist of the present invention is as follows.
  • Double-sided friction stir welding rotation used for double-sided friction stir welding in which a pair of rotating tools arranged on one side and the other side of the unjoined portion of the metal plate are rotated in opposite directions to join the metal plates together
  • Double-sided friction stir welding rotation used for double-sided friction stir welding in which a pair of rotating tools arranged on one side and the other side of the unjoined part of the metal plate are rotated in opposite directions to join the metal plates together
  • a pair of rotating tools for double-sided friction stir welding has a tip portion formed in a circular and convex curved surface, and the tip portion is a material harder than a metal plate for double-side friction stir welding Rotation tool.
  • Rotation for double-sided friction stir welding used for double-sided friction stir welding in which a pair of rotating tools arranged on one side and the other side of the unjoined part of the metal plate are rotated in opposite directions to join the metal plates together
  • a pair of rotary tools for double-sided friction stir welding having a tip formed in a circular and concave curved surface, and the tip is a harder material than a metal plate. tool.
  • the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus is a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus described in [5], and the control device is represented by the following formula (1).
  • the control device is represented by the following formula (1).
  • (2) a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus that controls the rotating tool.
  • a probe is attached to the tip which is preferably used in a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus and a double-sided friction stir welding method for joining two metal plates while rotating a pair of opposed rotating tools in opposite directions.
  • the rotating tool for double-sided friction stir welding which does not have can be provided. Since the plastic flow is uniformly promoted in the thickness direction of the metal plate by the rotary tool for double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a sufficiently strong joint that suppresses the occurrence of defects at a high joining speed. it can. Furthermore, in the conventional rotary tool, a probe that is subjected to stress greater than that of the shoulder portion and is preferentially damaged and worn can be eliminated, so that the durability of the rotary tool for double-side friction stir welding can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a double-sided friction stir welding method to which the rotary tool for double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention is applied, and shows an example of butt welding. It is.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view for explaining a double-sided friction stir welding method to which the rotary tool for double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention is applied, and shows an example of lap joining.
  • 3A and 3B are explanatory views showing a region where frictional stirring is performed by the rotary tool, FIG. 3A is a plan view, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ shown in FIG. is there.
  • FIGS. 1 and 4 (b) show the shape of a conventional rotary tool, with the upper part being a side view and the lower part being a plan view.
  • 5 (a) and 5 (b) show the shape of the first embodiment of the rotary tool for double-side friction stir welding of the present invention, with the upper part being a side view and the lower part being a plan view.
  • 6 (a) and 6 (b) show the shape of the second embodiment of the rotary tool for double-side friction stir welding of the present invention, with the upper part being a side view and the lower part being a plan view.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B show the shape of the third embodiment of the rotary tool for double-side friction stir welding of the present invention, with the upper part being a side view and the lower part being a plan view.
  • FIG. 8 shows the shape of the step provided in the rotary tool for double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 (a) is a plan view
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line BB ′ shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a butt joint as a double-sided friction stir welding method
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a lap joint as a double-sided friction stir welding method.
  • a pair of rotary tools 1, 8, a gripping device (not shown) and a control device (not shown) that controls the operation of the rotary tools 1, 8. ) Is used.
  • the control device for example, the inclination angle ⁇ of the rotary tools 1 and 8, the distance between the tips of the rotary tools 1 and 8, the joining speed, the rotational speed of the rotary tools 1 and 8, and the like are controlled.
  • Rotating tools 1 and 8 of the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus (hereinafter, the rotating tool arranged on the front side of the metal plate is referred to as the front side rotating tool 1, and the rotating tool arranged on the back side of the metal plate is referred to as the back side.
  • the two metal plates 4 are arranged so as to be parallel to the joining center line 7 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and are respectively held by a holding device (not shown). In the unjoined portion of the two metal plates 4 positioned on the joining center line 7, the rotating tools 1 and 8 press the metal plate 4 while rotating, and the joining direction (the direction of the arrow shown in each figure).
  • the metal plate 4 is softened by frictional heat between the rotary tools 1 and 8 and the metal plate 4, and the softened portion is stirred by the rotary tools 1 and 8 to cause plastic flow. 4 is joined.
  • the portion where the joining is completed is referred to as a joining portion 5.
  • the rotation directions of the rotating tools 1 and 8 facing each other can be reversed on the front surface side and the back surface side when viewed from the front surface side (or back surface side) of the metal plate 4. preferable. Thereby, the rotational torque applied to the metal plate 4 from the rotary tools 1 and 8 can be canceled out.
  • the rotational direction of the surface side rotating tool 1 is indicated by the arrow T S
  • the rotational direction of the back side rotating tool 8 is indicated by an arrow T b.
  • the rotation directions of the rotating tools 1 and 8 facing each other are the same on the front side and the back side, the relative speed of the other rotating tool with respect to one rotating tool approaches zero.
  • the plastic flow of the metal plate 4 approaches a homogeneous state, the plastic deformation becomes smaller and heat generation due to the plastic deformation of the material cannot be obtained, so that it is difficult to achieve a good joined state. Therefore, in order to obtain a temperature rise and shear stress sufficient to achieve a good bonding state uniformly in the thickness direction of the metal plate, the rotational directions of the opposing rotary tools 1 and 8 are set to the surface side. It is effective to set the opposite direction on the back surface side (one surface side and the other surface side).
  • the butt joint is a state in which the end surfaces of the metal plates 4 facing each other in a state where the end surfaces of the metal plates 4 face each other without overlapping a part of the two metal plates 4.
  • the metal plate is joined by moving in the joining direction while rotating the rotary tools 1 and 8 while pressing the abutting portion including the rotary tools 1 and 8.
  • lap joining as shown in FIG. 2, at least a part of the end portions of the two metal plates 4 are overlapped, and the overlapping portions where the metal plates 4 overlap each other are pressed by the rotary tools 1 and 8, It refers to what joins metal plates by moving in the joining direction while rotating the rotary tools 1 and 8. Since FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are different only in the joining mode and the configuration of the other devices is the same, the following description will focus on the butt joining example of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a rotary tool 20 having a conventional probe.
  • 5 to 8 are diagrams for explaining the rotary tools 1 and 8 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of the rotary tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the rotary tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the rotary tool of the present invention.
  • the upper part is a side view and the lower part is a plan view. Since the front-side rotary tool 1 and the back-side rotary tool 8 have the same shape, only the front-side rotary tool 1 is shown in FIGS.
  • a rotating tool 20 having a probe (pin) 21 as a conventional example will be described with reference to FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show examples of the rotary tool 20 having the probe 21 on the shoulder 22 respectively.
  • the shape of the rotary tool 20 is as follows: shoulder 22 diameter (shoulder diameter): 12 mm, probe 21 diameter (pin diameter): 4 mm, probe 21 length. Length (pin length): 0.5 mm, depth of concave surface: 0.3 mm.
  • the shape of the rotary tool 20 is shoulder diameter: 20 mm, pin diameter: 6.7 mm, pin length: 0.7 mm, and concave surface depth: 0.3 mm. .
  • the tip portion of the conventional rotary tool 20 that is, the portion that contacts the softened portion of the metal plate at the time of joining is the shoulder portion 22 (FIG. 4 (a), FIG. 4 (b) and a probe 21 (range indicated by the pin diameter in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b)).
  • the shoulder 22 has a flat shape formed by a substantially flat surface or a gentle curved surface.
  • the probe 21 has a shape that is discontinuous with the shoulder 22 and has a shape that protrudes substantially vertically toward a metal plate (not shown).
  • the probe 21 has a function of improving the stirring ability in the vicinity of the center portion of the plate thickness by entering the softened portion of the metal plate to the center direction of the plate thickness at the time of joining.
  • the probe 21 located on the more distal side (plate thickness center portion side) in the plate thickness direction has a problem that a larger stress than the shoulder portion 22 is applied. As a result, there is also a problem that repair due to damage and wear of the rotary tool described above is required.
  • the present inventors diligently studied, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects in the joint portion and to increase the bonding speed without providing a probe that is a part that is particularly liable to cause breakage or wear due to greater stress.
  • the tips of the rotating tools 1 and 8 consist only of the tip 11 as shown in FIGS.
  • the tip portion 11 of the rotary tool of the present invention does not have the probe 21.
  • the tip portions 11 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 are any one of a flat surface 11a (see FIG. 5), a convex curved surface 11b (see FIG. 6), and a concave curved surface 11c (see FIG. 7).
  • the shape is formed.
  • tip part 11 is formed circularly with a cross-sectional shape.
  • the front end portion 11 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 are the metal plate 4 and its fluidized portion at the time of joining.
  • the tip portions 11 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 are formed of a material harder than the metal plate 4 in a high temperature state exposed at the time of joining.
  • the rotation tools 1 and 8 can apply a deformation
  • high agitation ability can be realized continuously, and proper joining becomes possible.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 may have the above-described hardness only at the tip, or the entire rotary tools 1 and 8 may have the above-described hardness.
  • the present invention in addition to the above-described configuration, it is preferable to further provide a spiral (spiral) stepped portion 12 at the tip portion 11 of the rotary tools 1 and 8.
  • the vortex (spiral) constituting the stepped portion 12 is preferably provided in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tools 1 and 8. It is preferable to provide one or more vortices constituting the stepped portion 12.
  • the number of vortices constituting the stepped portion 12 exceeds 6, not only the effect of improving the material flow is poor, but also the tip portions 11 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 are likely to be damaged due to the complicated shape. Since there is a fear, it is preferable to set the number to 6 or less. In each of the examples of FIGS. 5 to 7B and FIG. 8A, the number of vortices is four.
  • the number of vortices constituting the step portion 12 can be adjusted according to the diameter of the tip portion 11. Specifically, it is preferable to increase the number of vortices as the diameter of the tip portion 11 is larger, and to decrease the number of vortices as the diameter of the tip portion 11 is smaller.
  • the step portion 12 has a shape that is recessed from the other surface (flat surface or curved surface) of the tip portion.
  • step-difference part is acquired by providing the spiral-shaped level
  • FIG. it is preferable that the tip of the rotary tool according to the present invention does not have a spiral stepped portion, or has a spiral stepped portion formed in a direction opposite to the rotation direction.
  • the effect similar to the above can be acquired by providing 1 or more steps
  • FIG. 8A is a plan view of the rotary tool 1 (surface-side rotary tool) having the tip 11 of the convex curved surface 11b.
  • FIGS. 8B and 8C are FIGS. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ shown in FIG.
  • each step 12 is formed in the direction opposite to the rotation direction.
  • the direction of the curve from the circumferential side of each step 12 to the center side of the circle is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotary tool.
  • each of the spiral step portions 12 forms a curve from the vicinity of the center of the circle toward the circumferential portion in plan view.
  • the length of the vortex is preferably not less than 0.5 and not more than 2 when the length of the outer periphery of the tip 11 is one.
  • the length of the vortex can also be adjusted according to the diameter of the tip portion 11, and the length of the vortex is increased as the diameter of the tip portion 11 is increased, and the length of the vortex is decreased as the diameter of the tip portion 11 is decreased. It is preferable to shorten it.
  • the stepped portion 12 include a stepped portion 12b shown in FIG. 8 (b) and a groove portion 12c shown in FIG. 8 (c).
  • the staircase portion 12 b is substantially horizontal so as to gradually increase from the circumferential side toward the circular center side, like the convex curved surface at the distal end portion 11 of the rotary tool 1.
  • the steps are formed. From the viewpoint of obtaining the effects described above, in the present invention, it is sufficient that one or more spiral steps are provided.
  • each formed step 12 has a vortex shape in plan view as shown in FIG.
  • a step may be formed so as to gradually become lower.
  • the groove 12c presents a groove having a substantially U-shaped cross section that is recessed from the other surface on the curved surface (convex curved surface) at the tip 11 of the rotary tool 1. From the viewpoint of obtaining the above-described effects, in the present invention, it is sufficient that one or more grooves 12c are provided.
  • each formed groove 12c has a narrow shape so as to form a vortex in the plan view as shown in FIG.
  • the cross section is substantially U-shaped.
  • a groove may be formed.
  • the diameter D (mm) of the tip 11 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 satisfies the following relational expression (3).
  • t is the thickness (mm) of the metal plate.
  • Rotational tools 1 and 8 can effectively apply a temperature increase and shear stress uniformly in the thickness direction of the metal plate 4 by managing the diameter of the tip portion 11.
  • the diameter D of the tip 11 of the rotary tool 1 is preferably managed by the thickness of the metal plate 4 (in the case of lap joining, the total thickness of the metal plate 4). That is, it is effective that the diameter D (mm) of the distal end portion 11 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 is the above formula (3): 4 ⁇ t ⁇ D ⁇ 20 ⁇ t.
  • the diameter D (mm) is less than 4 ⁇ t (mm)
  • a homogeneous plastic flow may not be obtained effectively in the plate thickness direction.
  • the diameter D (mm) exceeds 20 ⁇ t (mm)
  • the region where plastic flow occurs is unnecessarily widened, and an excessive load is applied to the apparatus, which is not preferable.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 of the present invention in the first embodiment consist only of a tip portion 11 having a circular tip formed on a flat surface 11a.
  • the tip surface in contact with the metal plate is formed of a single plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary tools 1 and 8.
  • the tip surface does not have a probe that protrudes toward the metal plate.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 can provide the tip part 11 with 1 or more steps
  • the step portion 12 is provided with the above-described stepped portion 12b or groove portion 12c.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 of the second embodiment consist only of a tip portion 11 having a circular tip formed as a convex curved surface 11b.
  • the tip of the rotating tool protrudes.
  • the conventional rotating tool has a probe protruding toward the metal plate and exhibits a discontinuous shape between the shoulder and the probe, whereas the convex curved tip 11 has a probe. It has a continuous shape and forms an inclined surface that is substantially uniform.
  • the tip surface in contact with the metal plate is composed of one curved surface (parabolic surface, oval sphere or spherical surface) protruding toward the center direction.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 can provide the tip part 11 with 1 or more steps
  • the step portion 12 is provided with the above-described stepped portion 12b or groove portion 12c.
  • the rotary tool satisfies the following relational expression (4). dv / D ⁇ 0.06 (4)
  • the tip part contacts the metal plate within the range satisfying the above formula (4) (that is, the value of dv / D is 0.06 or less), pressure can be effectively applied to the fluidized part. As a result, a plastic flow sufficient for joining can be generated by the rotation of the rotary tool.
  • the range of the above formula (4) is exceeded (that is, the value of dv / D exceeds 0.06), the front surface and the back surface of the joint portion become significantly concave, and the thickness of the joint portion is the thickness of the metal plate. Therefore, it may be difficult to ensure the joint strength, which is not preferable.
  • the lower limit of the dv / D value is preferably 0.01 or more.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 of the third embodiment consist only of a tip portion 11 having a circular tip formed as a concave curved surface 11c.
  • the tip of the rotating tool is recessed.
  • the conventional rotating tool has a probe protruding toward the metal plate and exhibits a discontinuous shape between the shoulder and the probe, whereas the concave curved tip 11 does not have a probe.
  • An inclined surface having a continuous shape and substantially uniform is formed.
  • the tip surface in contact with the metal plate is a single curved surface (parabolic surface, oval surface or spherical surface) that is recessed toward the center, and is perpendicular to the metal plate.
  • a curve with a substantially uniform radius of curvature is exhibited.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 can provide the tip part 11 with 1 or more steps
  • the step portion 12 is provided with the above-described stepped portion 12b or groove portion 12c.
  • the tip of the rotary tool is formed of a concave curved tip 11
  • the concave curved surface (concave surface) depth is dc (mm) and the diameter of the tip of the rotary tool is D (mm)
  • the rotary tool preferably satisfies the following relational expression (5). dc / D ⁇ 0.03 (5)
  • the softened metal is filled in the concave curved surface of the tip.
  • the uniform pressure can be applied to the fluidized part.
  • a plastic flow sufficient for joining can be generated by the rotation of the rotary tool.
  • the range of the above formula (5) is exceeded (that is, the value of dc / D exceeds 0.03), it becomes difficult to apply a uniform pressure to the fluidized portion, and plastic flow sufficient for joining is obtained. It may be difficult to ensure this, which is not preferable.
  • the minimum of the value of dc / D shall be 0.01 or more.
  • the root part on the opposite side to the tip part of the rotary tools 1 and 8 may be attached to a conventionally known double-side friction stir welding apparatus, and the shape of the root part is not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a region where friction stirring is performed by the rotary tool of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3A is a plan view of the state in which the rotary tools 1 and 8 arranged on the front and back surfaces of the metal plate 4 as shown in FIG. .
  • FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ shown in FIG.
  • the rotary axes of the rotary tools 1 and 8 are perpendicular to the metal plate 4. It is preferable to perform the joining by inclining by an angle ⁇ ° from 6 to the rear side with respect to the joining direction. In other words, it is preferable to incline the rotary tools 1 and 8 so that the front end sides of the rotary tools 1 and 8 are located on the front side in the joining direction with respect to the rear end side. Thereby, the load applied to the horizontal direction (bending direction) of the rotary tools 1 and 8 at the time of joining can be distributed as a component force compressed in the axial direction.
  • the rotary tools 1 and 8 need to be formed of a material harder than the metal plate 4, and may use a material with poor toughness such as ceramic.
  • a force in the bending direction when a force in the bending direction is applied to the rotary tools 1 and 8, stress may be concentrated on the local part, leading to destruction.
  • the load applied to the rotary tools 1 and 8 can be compressed in the axial direction by inclining the rotary shafts 3 and 10 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 by a predetermined angle ( ⁇ °) as described above.
  • ⁇ ° predetermined angle
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is 0 ° or more, but if the inclination angle ⁇ exceeds 3 °, the front and back surfaces of the joint portion may be concave and adversely affect the joint strength. Therefore, it is preferable that the inclination angle of the rotation axis of the rotary tools 1 and 8 is 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3.
  • the distance G between the tips of the rotating tools 1 and 8 facing each other is managed when a sufficient temperature rise and shear stress are applied uniformly in the thickness direction during the joining. It is important to. Specifically, using the thickness t of the unjoined portion of the metal plate 4, the diameter D of the tip of the rotary tools 1 and 8, and the inclination angle ⁇ of the rotary tools 1 and 8, the rotary tools 1 and 8 described above are used. It is preferable to manage (adjust) the distance G of the tip of the lens so that it is within the range of the above formula (2).
  • the thickness t of the unjoined portion of the metal plate 4 is set to t when the butt joint shown in FIG. 1 is performed, and the lap joint shown in FIG. When performing, the total thickness of the overlapped metal plates 4 may be adopted as t.
  • the same angle may be adopted as the inclination angle ⁇ of the pair of rotary tools 1 and 8.
  • the diameter D of the distal end portion of the rotary tools 1 and 8 is perpendicular to the metal plate at the distal end portion 11 having a planar shape or a curved surface shape (concave or convex curved surface shape) shown in FIGS.
  • the lower limit of the distance G between the tips 2 and 9 of the rotary tools 1 and 8 is set to 0.
  • the upper limit of G may be set to 0.8 ⁇ t.
  • the distance G between the rotary tools 1 and 8 needs to be set smaller.
  • the lower limit value of G is obtained by subtracting 0.2 ⁇ D ⁇ sin ⁇ from 0.25 ⁇ t, and the upper limit value of G is 0.8 ⁇ t. Then, 0.2 ⁇ D ⁇ sin ⁇ may be subtracted.
  • the distance G between the tips of the rotary tools 1 and 8 is controlled within the range of the above-described formula (2), so that the tips of the rotary tools 1 and 8 facing each other are the metal plate 4.
  • the front and back sides are pressed with a sufficient load, and heat generation and plastic flow at the joint are sufficiently promoted. Thereby, plastic flow is uniformly promoted in the plate thickness direction, and a joint in a good state can be obtained.
  • the value of the distance G described above exceeds the upper limit value of the expression (2), the tips of the rotary tools 1 and 8 are pressed against the front and back sides of the metal plate 4 (workpiece) with a sufficient load. In some cases, the above effects cannot be obtained.
  • the value of the distance G described above is less than the lower limit value of the expression (2), the front surface and the back surface of the joint portion are concave, which may adversely affect the joint strength.
  • the above-described distance G is a vertical distance between the front end surface of the opposing rotary tool (front surface side rotary tool) 1 and the front end surface of the rotary tool (back surface side rotary tool) 8. Corresponds to the shortest length in the direction.
  • the rotational speed of the rotary tools 1 and 8 is preferably 100 to 5000 r / min, and more preferably 500 to 3000 r / min. By setting the rotation speed within the range, it is possible to suppress deterioration of mechanical properties due to excessive heat input while maintaining a good surface shape.
  • the joining speed is preferably 1000 mm / min or more, more preferably 2000 mm / min or more.
  • the material to be bonded is a high melting point alloy such as a steel plate as a bonding target, but the material to be bonded is not limited to this example.
  • the steel plate which is 1 type of a metal plate can be mentioned as a suitable example.
  • the target steel types include general structural steel and carbon steel, such as JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) G 3106 rolled steel for welded structure, JIS G14051 carbon steel for machine structural use, etc. Can be suitably used. It can also be advantageously applied to high-strength structural steel having a tensile strength of 800 MPa or more. Even in this case, a strength of 85% or more, further 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more of the tensile strength of the steel plate (base material) can be obtained at the joint.
  • JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
  • a pair of rotary tools 1 and 8 of the present invention When performing double-sided friction stir welding, as shown in FIG. 1 and the like, a pair of rotary tools 1 and 8 of the present invention, a gripping device (not shown), and a control device (not shown) for controlling the rotary tool It carries out using the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus which has this.
  • the control device for example, the inclination angle of the rotary tools 1 and 8, the distance between the tips of the rotary tools, the joining speed, the rotational speed of the rotary tool, etc. To control.
  • the durability of the rotary tools 1 and 8 can be improved. Furthermore, by adopting the above-described shape at the tip of the rotary tool and rotating the opposing rotary tools 1 and 8 in the opposite direction, a sufficient temperature rise and shear stress are imparted to the metal plate during joining. be able to. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects in the joint portion and to obtain an effect of enabling a high joining speed. Therefore, the double-side friction stir welding method using the double-side friction stir welding apparatus to which the rotary tool of the present invention is applied is used. By doing so, it is possible to actually apply double-sided friction stir welding to the joining of structural steel.
  • Friction stir welding was performed using steel plates having the thickness, chemical composition, tensile strength, and Vickers hardness shown in Table 1. In this example, lap joining was performed on some steel plates, and butt joining was performed on the remaining steel plates.
  • butt joining two steel plates of the same type are arranged side by side, and a joint butt surface is formed by a surface condition of the degree of milling with a so-called I-type groove that does not give a groove angle.
  • the rotating tool was pressed from both the front surface side and the other surface side (back surface side) and moved in the bonding direction to perform bonding.
  • the direction of the vortex is clockwise.
  • a counterclockwise direction was an invention example, and a rotary tool rotation direction was a clockwise example.
  • a comparative example using a rotating tool having the probe shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) was used.
  • the ratio (D d / t) between the depth D d (mm) and the thickness t (mm) of the steel sheet is 0.1 or less. It was.
  • Existence Any of the surface defects described above was observed, and the ratio (D d / t) between the depth D d (mm) and the thickness t (mm) of the steel sheet exceeded 0.1. .
  • the groove-like unbonded state penetrated from the front surface to the back surface. In addition, when it penetrates, it considers that joining is not established and does not evaluate internal defects and joint strength.
  • Table 3 shows (I) the presence / absence of surface defects by observation of the joint appearance and the presence / absence of internal defects by observation of the joint cross-section when a joint having a bonding length of 0.5 m is performed once.
  • Table 3 also shows the tensile strength when a tensile test piece with the size of No. 1 test piece specified in JIS Z 3121 was taken from the obtained joint and subjected to a tensile test (JIS Z 3121) using the test piece. Indicates strength.
  • each rotary tool without a probe and having a spiral stepped portion in the clockwise direction is used with the rotation direction of the rotary tool being rotated in the clockwise direction. It was.
  • the obtained joint had surface defects and internal defects, and a sound bonded state could not be obtained.
  • the joint strength it was 70% or less of the tensile strength of the steel sheet as the base material.
  • Comparative Example 4 of the lap joint bonding was performed using a rotating tool having a spiral stepped portion in the clockwise direction without a probe, with the rotating direction of the rotating tool being clockwise.
  • the obtained joint had surface defects and internal defects, and a sound bonded state could not be obtained.
  • the joint strength it was 70% or less of the tensile strength of the steel sheet as the base material.
  • a rotating tool with a pin is used, D (diameter (mm) of the tip of the rotating tool), ⁇ (inclination angle (°) of rotating tool), and G (a pair of rotating tools). All the distances (mm) between the tips of the tools were set to satisfy the above-described formulas (1), (2), and (3).
  • Comparative Example 10 of the lap joint even when the joining speed was increased to 1.0 m or more, no surface defects were observed in the joint appearance observation, and no internal defects were observed in the joint cross-section observation. Although it was confirmed that the condition was obtained, it was confirmed that the rotating tool was inferior in durability.
  • Table 4 shows the number of times that the joining with a joining length of 0.5 m was repeated, and the probability of obtaining a healthy joint with no internal defects in the joint cross-section observation with respect to the cumulative number of joining was 90% or more.
  • Table 4 shows the number of times that the joining with a joining length of 0.5 m was repeated, and the probability of obtaining a healthy joint with no internal defects in the joint cross-section observation with respect to the cumulative number of joining was 90% or more.
  • the number of times of joining at which the probability of obtaining a sound joint was 90% or more was 13 or more.
  • each rotary tool without a probe and having a spiral stepped portion in the clockwise direction is used with the rotation direction of the rotary tool being rotated in the clockwise direction. It was.
  • the number of times of joining at which the probability of obtaining a healthy joint was 90% or more was 0.
  • Comparative Example 4 of the lap joint bonding was performed using a rotating tool having a spiral stepped portion in the clockwise direction without a probe, with the rotating direction of the rotating tool being clockwise.
  • the number of times of joining at which the probability of obtaining a healthy joint was 90% or more was zero.
  • Comparative Example 10 of the lap joint joining was performed using a rotating tool with a pin, and the number of joinings at which the probability of obtaining a healthy joint was 90% or more was 10 or less.

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte au problème consistant à fournir : un outil rotatif pour soudage par friction-malaxage à double face dans lequel deux plaques métalliques sont soudées tandis qu'une paire d'outils rotatifs orientés l'un vers l'autre sont tournés dans des directions opposées ; un dispositif de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face utilisant l'outil rotatif pour le soudage par friction-malaxage à double face ; et un procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face. Un outil rotatif, qui est destiné à un soudage par friction-malaxage à double face et qui est utilisé pour un soudage par friction-malaxage à double face, dans lequel les outils rotatifs d'une paire d'outils rotatifs, disposés sur des surfaces non soudées d'une plaque métallique et d'une autre plaque métallique, respectivement, sont tournés dans des directions opposées pour souder les plaques métalliques, a une section d'extrémité distale façonnée en une forme circulaire et plane, et la section d'extrémité distale est formée à partir d'un matériau plus rigide que celui de la plaque métallique.
PCT/JP2019/011734 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 Outil rotatif pour soudage par friction-malaxage à double face, dispositif de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face et procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face WO2019182020A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19772150.9A EP3738705B1 (fr) 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 Dispositif de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face et procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage à double face
JP2019529679A JP6901001B2 (ja) 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 両面摩擦撹拌接合用回転ツール、両面摩擦撹拌接合装置、及び両面摩擦撹拌接合方法
EP22195812.7A EP4129554A1 (fr) 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 Appareil de soudage par friction-malaxage double face et procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage double face
CN201980019963.7A CN111867777B (zh) 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 双面摩擦搅拌接合用旋转工具、双面摩擦搅拌接合装置以及双面摩擦搅拌接合方法
US16/980,098 US20210023650A1 (en) 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 Rotating tool for double-sided friction stir welding, double-sided friction stir welding apparatus, and double-sided friction stir welding method
MX2020009723A MX2020009723A (es) 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 Herramienta giratoria para soldadura por friccion-agitacion de doble cara, aparato de soldadura por friccion-agitacion de doble cara y metodo de soldadura por friccion-agitacion de doble cara.
KR1020207026318A KR102395331B1 (ko) 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 양면 마찰 교반 접합용 회전 툴, 양면 마찰 교반 접합 장치, 및 양면 마찰 교반 접합 방법

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JP7230977B1 (ja) 2021-09-13 2023-03-01 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 電磁鋼帯の摩擦撹拌接合方法、および、電磁鋼帯の製造方法
JP7231130B1 (ja) * 2021-11-30 2023-03-01 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 電磁鋼帯の摩擦撹拌接合方法、および、電磁鋼帯の製造方法
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CN114423561A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2022-04-29 杰富意钢铁株式会社 双面摩擦搅拌接合方法、冷轧钢带及电镀钢带的制造方法、双面摩擦搅拌接合装置、冷轧钢带及电镀钢带的制造设备
CN114101893A (zh) * 2021-10-18 2022-03-01 上海友升铝业股份有限公司 一种铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺

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MX2020009723A (es) 2020-10-08
US20210023650A1 (en) 2021-01-28
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EP4129554A1 (fr) 2023-02-08
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CN111867777A (zh) 2020-10-30
EP3738705A4 (fr) 2021-04-28

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