WO2019181788A1 - 正極用化合物 - Google Patents
正極用化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019181788A1 WO2019181788A1 PCT/JP2019/010859 JP2019010859W WO2019181788A1 WO 2019181788 A1 WO2019181788 A1 WO 2019181788A1 JP 2019010859 W JP2019010859 W JP 2019010859W WO 2019181788 A1 WO2019181788 A1 WO 2019181788A1
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- positive electrode
- nickel
- compound
- coating layer
- composite hydroxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound for a positive electrode of a storage battery, and particularly relates to a compound for a positive electrode having high strength and having an excellent capacity retention rate after being left at a high temperature.
- a coating layer having a metal element may be formed on the surface of a metal hydroxide that is a nucleus.
- a metal hydroxide that is a nucleus For example, surface-modified nickel hydroxide in which the surface of nickel hydroxide, which is a nucleus, is coated with cobalt oxide has been proposed as a positive electrode active material for alkaline storage batteries that has a high positive electrode utilization rate and improved cycle characteristics (Patent Literature). 1).
- nickel hydroxide hydroxide is introduced by adding a solution mainly composed of palladium chloride and hydrochloric acid while stirring nickel hydroxide fine particles in an electroless plating bath. It has been proposed to form a coating layer of electroless plating by supporting a palladium catalyst on the surface of fine particles and simultaneously performing electroless plating (Patent Document 2).
- the electroless plating coating layer is composed of a nickel-phosphorus composite coating.
- the electroless plating coating layer contains a large amount of phosphorus element.
- the phosphorus element may hinder the performance improvement of the storage battery, in particular, the capacity maintenance ratio.
- Patent Document 2 there is still room for improvement in the capacity maintenance ratio after leaving at high temperature.
- the positive electrode compound of the storage battery is required to have durability, that is, mechanical strength in order to stably exhibit performance over a long period of time.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode compound which has an excellent capacity retention ratio after standing at high temperature and has high strength.
- An aspect of the present invention is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, and a coating containing a core containing nickel composite hydroxide and a nickel element having a cobalt element on the surface of the core and having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less
- a nickel element content in the coating layer is 5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core, and an average crushing strength of the secondary particles is 45.
- It is a positive electrode compound having a pressure of 0 MPa or more.
- the average crushing strength of the positive electrode compound means a value measured by “Micro compression tester MCT-510” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- An aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode compound in which the nucleus includes at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium, and tungsten.
- An aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode compound in which the coating layer containing nickel element has an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer is selected from ten images of primary particles selected from an image obtained by observing the coating layer with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Means the average value of the values measured for the longest diameter parts.
- the aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode compound further containing a palladium compound.
- An aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode compound for a positive electrode active material of an alkaline storage battery.
- the nucleus is represented by the general formula (1).
- M represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium and ytterbium. It is a compound for positive electrodes represented.
- An aspect of the present invention is a compound for a positive electrode that is a precursor for a positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the nucleus is represented by the general formula (3).
- Ni (1-z) P z (OH) 2 + c (3) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.28, P is at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and tungsten. It is a compound for positive electrodes represented by this.
- An aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode compound as a precursor.
- a nucleus containing nickel composite hydroxide, and a coating layer containing nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less on the surface of the nucleus When the content of the nickel element is 5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus, a positive electrode compound having an excellent capacity retention rate after being left at a high temperature can be obtained. Moreover, since the average crushing strength of the secondary particles is 45.0 MPa or more, a positive electrode compound having high strength can be obtained.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer is 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, whereby the surface of the coating layer is smoothed and the average crushing strength of the positive electrode compound is further improved. be able to.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, and includes a nucleus containing a nickel composite hydroxide, a nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less on the surface of the nucleus.
- the shape of the compound for positive electrode of the present invention in the form of particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a substantially spherical shape.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention is a secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of primary particles.
- the average crushing strength of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is 45.0 MPa or more. This excellent average crushing strength is considered to be due to the fact that the surface of the coating layer is smoothed by the fine nickel element in the coating layer.
- the average crushing strength of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited as long as it is 45.0 MPa or higher, and higher average crushing strength is more preferable. For example, 50.0 MPa or higher is more preferable, and 55.0 MPa or higher is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit value of the average crushing strength of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 100 MPa in that it can be efficiently produced.
- the particle size distribution of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit value of the secondary particle diameter D50 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “D50”) having a cumulative volume percentage of 50% by volume obtains high temperature resistance. From the viewpoint, 2.0 ⁇ m is preferable, 2.5 ⁇ m is more preferable, and 3.0 ⁇ m is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit value of D50 of the positive electrode compound is preferably 30.0 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 25.0 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the balance between improving the density and securing the contact surface with the electrolytic solution. The above lower limit value and upper limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- composition of the core of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains nickel hydroxide, but if necessary, in addition to nickel, cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum,
- a hydroxide containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium, and tungsten may be used.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention can be used, for example, as a positive electrode active material for an alkaline storage battery, as a positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, or as a positive electrode active material precursor for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention When the positive electrode compound of the present invention is applied as a positive electrode active material for alkaline storage batteries, the following general formula (1) Ni (1-x) M x (OH) 2 + a (1) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.2, M represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium and ytterbium. The compound for positive electrodes represented by this can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention When the positive electrode compound of the present invention is applied for the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the following general formula (2) Li [Li y (Ni (1-b) N b ) 1-y ] O 2 (2) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, N is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and tungsten. And a positive electrode compound represented by the following formula:
- a positive electrode compound for a positive electrode active material of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is prepared by adding a lithium ion to a nickel composite hydroxide and firing it to nucleate (for example, a nucleus represented by the general formula (2)). Then, the obtained core contains a nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less and a nickel element content of 5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus. It can be obtained by forming a layer.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention when applied as a positive electrode active material precursor of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the following general formula (3) Ni (1-z) P z (OH) 2 + c (3) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.28, P is at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and tungsten. And a positive electrode compound represented by the following formula:
- Lithium ions are further added to the positive electrode compound of the present invention which is a nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide (for example, a nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide having a nucleus represented by the general formula (3)), By baking, the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be obtained.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery include a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the surface of the nucleus described above is coated with a coating layer containing a nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less. Content of the said cobalt element and phosphorus element is content in a coating layer.
- the capacity retention rate after being allowed to stand at a high temperature is improved by being coated with the coating layer.
- the content of cobalt element is not particularly limited as long as it is 500 ppm or less, but is preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and even more preferably 50 ppm or less, from the viewpoint of more reliably improving the capacity retention rate after standing at high temperature. 10 ppm or less is particularly preferable.
- the phosphorus element content is not particularly limited as long as it is 10 ppm or less, but it is more preferably 5 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 2 ppm or less from the viewpoint of more reliably improving the capacity retention rate after standing at high temperature. From the above, the main component of the coating layer containing nickel element is nickel element.
- the composition of the coating layer containing nickel element is 500 ppm or less for cobalt element and 10 ppm or less for phosphorus element, and is mainly composed of nickel element.
- the content of nickel in the coating layer is, for example, preferably 99% by mass or more, more preferably 99.9% by mass or more, particularly 100% by mass from the viewpoint of more reliably improving the capacity retention rate after standing at high temperature. preferable.
- the content of nickel element in the coating layer is in the range of 5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus.
- the content of the nickel element in the coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is 5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus, but from the viewpoint of further improving the capacity retention rate after standing at high temperature. 7 parts by mass or more and 15 parts by mass or less are particularly preferable with respect to parts by mass.
- the nickel element of the coating layer is particulate.
- the surface of the core containing nickel composite hydroxide is covered with the nickel particles overlapping.
- the shape of each nickel element of a coating layer is not specifically limited, For example, it is a substantially spherical shape.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer is 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, so that the nickel element is refined, the surface of the coating layer is smoothed, and the average crushing strength of the positive electrode compound is further improved. Can be made.
- the average primary particle diameter of nickel element in the coating layer is more preferably 20 nm or more and 80 nm or less, and particularly preferably 30 nm or more and 70 nm or less. Note that the coating layer containing nickel element may cover the entire surface of the nucleus containing nickel composite hydroxide, or may cover a partial region of the surface of the nucleus containing nickel composite hydroxide.
- the average thickness of the coating layer is not particularly limited, and for example, the lower limit is preferably 20 nm, particularly preferably 70 nm, from the viewpoint of more reliably improving the average crushing strength.
- the upper limit is preferably 200 nm, and particularly preferably 100 nm, from the viewpoint of reliably maintaining the excellent battery characteristics of the positive electrode compound, where the nucleus contributes mainly to the battery characteristics of the positive electrode compound.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention uses a palladium catalyst for its production. Therefore, the positive electrode compound of the present invention contains a trace amount of a palladium compound. Content of the palladium element in the compound for positive electrodes is 1 ppm or more and 100 ppm or less, for example.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.1 m 2 / g from the viewpoint of the balance between improving the density and securing the contact surface with the electrolytic solution. 0.3 m 2 / g is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 50.0m 2 / g, 40.0m 2 / g is particularly preferred. The above lower limit value and upper limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the tap density of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, 1.5 g / cm 3 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the filling degree when used as a positive electrode active material, and 1.7 g / cm 3. The above is particularly preferable.
- the bulk density of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, 0.8 g / cm 3 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the filling degree when used as a positive electrode active material, and 1.0 g / cm 3 or more. Is particularly preferred.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as a nucleus are prepared.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles are prepared by a coprecipitation method using a nickel salt solution (eg, sulfate solution) or nickel and other metal elements (eg, cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum).
- a nickel salt solution eg, sulfate solution
- nickel and other metal elements eg, cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum
- Niobium, yttrium, ytterbium and / or tungsten salt solution (eg, sulfate solution) and complexing agent are reacted to form nickel composite hydroxide particles (eg, nickel hydroxide particles, nickel and other metals)
- nickel composite hydroxide particles eg, nickel hydroxide particles, nickel and other metals
- an element eg, hydroxide particles containing cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and / or tungsten
- a suspension is obtained.
- a solvent for the suspension for example, water is used.
- the complexing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can form a complex with nickel and ions of other metal elements in an aqueous solution.
- an ammonium ion supplier ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate
- Ammonium fluoride, etc. hydrazine
- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid nitrilotriacetic acid
- uracil diacetic acid glycine
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- the temperature of the reaction vessel is controlled within a range of, for example, 10 ° C. to 80 ° C., preferably 20 to 70 ° C.
- the pH value in the reaction vessel is controlled based on the liquid temperature of 25 ° C., for example, pH 9 to pH 13
- the substance in the reaction vessel is appropriately agitated while controlling preferably within the range of pH 11-13.
- separate the formed nickel composite hydroxide particle can be mentioned, for example.
- a palladium-based catalyst and a surfactant are supplied to the nickel composite hydroxide particles obtained as described above, and the palladium-based catalyst is supported on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles carrying a palladium-based catalyst are immersed in a plating solution mainly containing nickel that does not contain phosphorus element, and further hydrazine-based additive is added to perform electroless plating, Nickel is plated on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- the thickness and / or the composition of the plating solution is adjusted so that the content of nickel element in the coating layer is 5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core.
- a plating film is formed on the surface of the composite hydroxide particles.
- the average primary particle diameter of nickel element in the coating layer is in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element of the coating layer becomes coarser than 100 nm, the surface of the coating layer is roughened, and 45.0 MPa or more The average crushing strength cannot be obtained.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode compound of the present invention formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material that is the compound for positive electrodes of the present invention, a binder (binder), and a conductive additive as necessary.
- a conductive support agent if it can be used for a livestock battery (secondary battery), for example, Acetylene black (AB), metallic cobalt, cobalt oxide, etc. can be used.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but polymer resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), butadiene rubber (BR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the like, and these combinations can be mentioned.
- network, a foam metal, for example, foam nickel, a mesh metal fiber sintered compact, a metal plating resin board etc. can be mentioned.
- a positive electrode active material slurry is prepared by mixing the positive electrode compound of the present invention, a conductive additive, a binder, and water.
- the positive electrode active material slurry is filled into a positive electrode current collector by a known filling method, dried, and then rolled and fixed with a press or the like to obtain a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention when used as a precursor of the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, the positive electrode compound of the present invention includes lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and the like. Lithium compound is added to obtain a mixture of a lithium compound and a positive electrode compound, and the resulting mixture is subjected to primary firing (calcination temperature is, for example, 600 ° C. to 900 ° C., and firing time is, for example, 5 hours to 20 hours) Further, by performing secondary firing (baking temperature is, for example, 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C.
- the positive electrode active of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery is obtained.
- a substance can be obtained.
- the positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector using the positive electrode compound of the present invention as a precursor.
- the positive electrode active material layer has a positive electrode active material using the positive electrode compound of the present invention as a precursor, a binder (binder), and, if necessary, a conductive additive.
- the positive electrode current collector, the binder, and the conductive assistant the same ones as described above can be used.
- a positive electrode active material As a method for producing a positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, for example, first, a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder, and N using the positive electrode compound of the present invention as a precursor are firstly used. -Methyl-2-prolidone (NMP) is mixed to prepare a positive electrode active material slurry. Next, the positive electrode active material slurry is filled into a positive electrode current collector by a known filling method, dried, and then rolled and fixed with a press or the like to obtain a positive electrode.
- NMP -Methyl-2-prolidone
- a storage battery for example, alkaline storage battery, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, etc.
- alkaline storage battery non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, etc.
- the mixture was continuously stirred by a propeller stirrer with a stirring blade speed of 520 rpm and a stirring blade of 250 mm.
- the produced hydroxide was taken out from the overflow pipe of the reaction tank.
- the extracted hydroxide was subjected to water washing, dehydration, and drying to obtain nickel composite hydroxide particles as cores.
- the composition of the obtained nickel composite hydroxide particles has a nickel element content of 92.1 parts by mass, a cobalt element content of 1.12 parts by mass, and a zinc element content of 6.77 parts by mass. This was confirmed with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer.
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles prepared as described above are directly subjected to electroless pure nickel plating treatment, and a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film as a coating layer, that is, nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide.
- a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film was produced as follows.
- the base particles were stirred with a cationic surfactant for 10 minutes in order to modify the base particle surface. Then, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred with a palladium ion catalyst solution for 10 minutes to adsorb palladium ions on the surface of the substrate particles. Thereafter, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes with a reducing solution to support the palladium catalyst on the surface of the substrate particles. Then, after washing with filtered water, the substrate particles having a palladium catalyst supported on the surface thereof were pre-stirred for 1 minute in a nickel sulfate solution heated to 80 ° C.
- the composition of the nickel sulfate solution was nickel salt 0.30 mol / L, citrate 1 mol / L, and carbonate 1.7 mol / L. Thereafter, hydrazine monohydrate was added to the nickel sulfate solution in an amount of 0.4 mol / L. After the start of the reaction, the substrate particles carrying the palladium catalyst on the surface are stirred for 5 minutes or longer in a nickel sulfate solution containing hydrazine monohydrate, and a nickel plating film is formed on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles. Then, a coating layer containing nickel element was formed.
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles on which the coating layer containing nickel element was formed were washed with filtered water and dried at 80 ° C. In this way, nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide particles, which are positive electrode compounds according to the present invention, were obtained. In addition, the content of nickel element in the coating layer with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nickel composite hydroxide particles was adjusted by adjusting the amount of nickel sulfate solution input.
- Nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as a nucleus were obtained in the same manner as in the above example. Thereafter, nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as nuclei were charged into an aqueous alkali solution in a reaction bath maintained at pH 9.0 with sodium hydroxide at a liquid temperature of 50 ° C. After the addition, an aqueous cobalt sulfate solution having a concentration of 90 g / L was added dropwise while stirring the solution. During this time, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is appropriately added dropwise, and the reaction bath is maintained at pH 9.0 on the basis of a liquid temperature of 50 ° C.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles for 1 hour, so that cobalt hydroxide is deposited on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles (core).
- Cobalt hydroxide-coated nickel composite hydroxide particles having a coating layer made of were obtained.
- content of the coated cobalt was 2.55 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- Nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as nuclei were obtained in the same manner as in the above examples. Thereafter, electroless nickel plating was applied to nickel composite hydroxide particles having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m. As the electroless plating bath, one having the following composition was used. Nickel sulfate 22.0g / L Glycine 33.3g / L Sodium hypophosphite 23.3g / L Sodium hydroxide 12.3g / L Surfactant 10mL / L pH 9.5
- a 3 L plating bath satisfying the above conditions was built at 60 ° C., and 50 g of nickel composite hydroxide particles were directly charged. That is, no pretreatment steps such as an immersion degreasing step, a surface adjustment step, and an etching step were performed.
- propeller stirring is carried out for 10 minutes at a speed of 500 revolutions per minute, and 20 mL of a solution mainly composed of palladium chloride and hydrochloric acid (activator, palladium chloride concentration 2 g / L) is added thereto. I put it in. With this addition, foaming began instantaneously, and palladium ion reduction and nickel plating began to progress.
- Nickel element of coating layer with respect to 100 parts by mass of nickel composite hydroxide particles of Examples 1 to 3 content of cobalt element of coating layer with respect to 100 parts by mass of nickel composite hydroxide particles of Comparative Example 1, comparative example
- the nickel element content of the coating layer with respect to 100 parts by mass of 2 to 4 nickel composite hydroxide particles is shown in Table 1 below.
- the evaluation items are as follows.
- Composition analysis The composition analysis of the nickel composite hydroxide powders obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 was conducted by dissolving the obtained powders in hydrochloric acid or aqua regia and then inductively coupled plasma emission. An analysis apparatus (Perkin Elmer Japan Co., Ltd., 7300 DV) was used.
- MCT-510 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles as the core and the coating layer containing nickel element are formed.
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles as the core and the final product As for the cross section of the nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide particles, the composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) at substantially equal intervals from the center to the surface. That is, as shown in Table 2 below, in the nucleus, there is no significant change in the amount of nickel in the nucleus center portion and the nucleus surface portion, whereas in the nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide particles, the particle center portion and the particle surface portion.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 since no cobalt element was added in forming the coating layer, Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 contain cobalt in the coating layer. It can be judged that there is no amount (0 ppm).
- the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles has a coating layer containing nickel element in which cobalt element is 0 ppm and phosphorus element is 2 ppm or less, and the content of nickel element in the coating layer is nickel.
- the average crushing strength of the secondary particles is 55.3 Mpa or more, 90 ° C., on the sixth day.
- the capacity retention rate was 77.7% or more. Therefore, in Examples 1 to 3, it was possible to obtain a positive electrode compound having an excellent capacity retention rate after being left at a high temperature and having a high average crushing strength.
- Example 1 in which the content of nickel element in the coating layer is 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nickel composite hydroxide particles, the capacity retention ratio after standing at high temperature and the average crushing strength of the secondary particles are further increased. Improved.
- Examples 1 to 3 it was confirmed that the capacity retention ratio after standing at high temperature was improved as the average crushing strength of the positive electrode compound was improved. Further, in Examples 1 to 3, the average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element was refined to 58 nm to 83 nm as compared with Comparative Examples 2 to 4.
- Comparative Example 1 which is a nickel composite hydroxide particle coated with CoOOH, the average crushing strength of the secondary particles was 44.7 Mpa, 90 ° C., and the capacity retention rate on the sixth day was only 70.0%. . Therefore, in Comparative Example 1, it was not possible to obtain a good capacity retention rate and a high average crushing strength after standing at high temperature.
- Comparative Examples 2 to 4 in which the covering layer containing nickel element contains 1570 ppm to 2327 ppm of phosphorus element, the capacity retention ratio after standing at high temperature is 67.0% to 75.2%, and the average crushing strength of secondary particles is 20 .2 Mpa to 33.9 Mpa, both of which were greatly reduced. In particular, in Comparative Example 2 containing 2327 ppm of phosphorus element, the average crushing strength was significantly reduced.
- the mixed raw material solution and the aqueous ammonium sulfate solution are continuously added as a complexing agent to the reaction vessel, and water is added so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes pH 11.3 based on the liquid temperature of 40 ° C.
- a sodium oxide aqueous solution was dropped at an appropriate time to obtain nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles which are nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- the obtained nickel composite hydroxide particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 105 ° C. to obtain a nickel composite hydroxide dry powder of Comparative Example 6.
- Example 4 Method for Producing Compound for Positive Electrode of Example 4
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles of Comparative Example 6 prepared as described above were further directly subjected to electroless pure nickel plating treatment to obtain the coating layer of Example 4
- a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film (a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film as a coating layer), that is, a nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide was produced. More specifically, a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film was produced as follows.
- the base particles were stirred for 10 minutes in order to modify the base particle surface. Then, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred with a palladium ion catalyst solution for 10 minutes to adsorb palladium ions on the surface of the substrate particles. Thereafter, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes with a reducing solution to support the palladium catalyst on the surface of the substrate particles. Then, after washing with filtered water, the substrate particles having a palladium catalyst supported on the surface thereof were pre-stirred for 1 minute in a nickel sulfate solution heated to 80 ° C.
- the composition of the nickel sulfate solution was nickel salt 0.30 mol / L, citrate 1 mol / L, and carbonate 1.7 mol / L. Thereafter, hydrazine monohydrate was added to the nickel sulfate solution in an amount of 0.4 mol / L. After the start of the reaction, the substrate particles carrying the palladium catalyst on the surface are stirred for 5 minutes or longer in a nickel sulfate solution containing hydrazine monohydrate, and a nickel plating film is formed on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles. Then, a coating layer containing nickel element was formed.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles on which the coating layer containing nickel element was formed were washed with filtered water and dried at 80 ° C. In this way, nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide particles, which are positive electrode compounds according to the present invention, were obtained. In addition, content (10 mass parts) of the nickel element of the coating layer with respect to 100 mass parts of nickel composite hydroxide particles was adjusted by adjusting the input amount of the nickel sulfate solution.
- Li / (Ni + Co + Mn) 1.03 of the nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide dry powder and lithium carbonate powder of Example 4 obtained as described above
- primary firing was performed at 740 ° C. for 8.4 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide as a primary fired powder.
- the primary calcined powder was pulverized and second calcined at 940 ° C. for 8.4 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain the lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide of Example 5 as a secondary calcined powder.
- the evaluation items are as follows.
- Composition analysis The composition analysis of the positive electrode compound powder obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 was carried out by dissolving the obtained powder in hydrochloric acid or aqua regia and then using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (Perkin Co., Ltd.). Elmer Japan Co., Ltd., 7300 DV) was used.
- MCT-510 Average crush strength Measured by Shimadzu micro compression tester MCT-510.
- the battery was charged up to 4.2 V under the condition of 0.2 C at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C. and then discharged to 3.0 V under the condition of 0.2 C.
- the discharge capacity at this time is assumed to be 3.
- the battery was charged under CV conditions up to 4.2 V under the condition of 0.2 C at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C., and then left for another 2 weeks under an environment of 60 ° C. After standing for 2 weeks, the temperature was returned to 25 ° C. and discharged to 3.0 V under the condition of 0.2C.
- the discharge capacity at this time is assumed to be 4.
- the battery was charged up to 4.2 V under the condition of 0.2 C at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C. and then discharged to 3.0 V under the condition of 0.2 C.
- the discharge capacity at this time is set to 5.
- the self-discharge rate and the capacity recovery rate at 60 ° C. storage are shown in the following equations.
- Capacity retention rate (%) 500th cycle discharge capacity (mAh / g) / 1st cycle discharge capacity (mAh / g) ⁇ 100 (5)
- Average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element The average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element of the positive electrode compound powder of Example 4 was coated with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). From the image of observing the layer, 10 primary particles present independently were selected at random, and the site of the longest diameter of the selected primary particles was measured, and the average value was defined as the average primary particle size. .
- Composition analysis of the lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide powder of Example 5 revealed that the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mn was 1.011: 0.575: 0.170: 0.255. there were.
- the composition analysis of the lithium-nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide powder of Comparative Example 5 was performed, the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mn was 1.022: 0.499: 0.200: 0.301. It was.
- the average crushing strength 45.9 Mpa of the nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide of Example 4 is compared to the nickel composite hydroxide of Comparative Example 6 having an average crushing strength of 65.0 Mpa. Particle strength decreased.
- the lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide of Example 5 is an oxide obtained by calcining lithium of the nickel-containing coated nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide of Example 4 and has an average crushing strength of 64.3 Mpa. Compared to the lithium-nickel composite oxide of Example 5, the average crushing strength of Example 5 was 79.7 Mpa, and the particle strength was improved.
- the particles of Comparative Example 5 were compared with the lithium-nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having a self-discharge rate and a capacity recovery rate of 32.1% and 79.1% when stored at 60 ° C. for 2 weeks, respectively.
- the high-strength lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide of Example 5 has excellent characteristics such as a self-discharge rate and a capacity recovery rate of 31.2% and 80.6%, respectively, when stored at 60 ° C. for 2 weeks. It was.
- the lithium of Example 5 having a higher particle strength than the lithium-nickel composite oxide of Comparative Example 5 having a self-discharge rate and a capacity recovery rate of 39.1% and 68.5%, respectively, when stored at 60 ° C. for 4 weeks.
- the nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide had excellent characteristics of self-discharge rate and capacity recovery rate of 36.6% and 70.6% when stored at 60 ° C. for 4 weeks, respectively.
- the lithium-nickel content of Example 5 has a higher particle strength than the lithium-nickel composite oxide having a capacity retention rate of 66.9% at 500 cycles in the condition of 60 ° C. in Comparative Example 5
- the coated nickel composite oxide had a capacity retention rate as high as 70.4% in a capacity retention rate of 500 cycles at 60 ° C.
- the average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element in Example 4 was refined to 50 nm to 90 nm.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention has the above-mentioned structure of the coating layer, it has an excellent capacity retention rate after standing at high temperature and has a high strength, and therefore can be used in the field of a wide range of storage batteries.
- the utility value is high as a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a positive electrode active material precursor of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
Ni(1-x)Mx(OH)2+a (1)
(式中:0<x≦0.2、0≦a≦0.2、Mは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、イットリウム及びイッテルビウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物である。
Ni(1-z)Pz(OH)2+c (3)
(式中:0<z≦0.7、0≦c≦0.28、Pは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物である。
Ni(1-x)Mx(OH)2+a (1)
(式中:0<x≦0.2、0≦a≦0.2、Mは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、イットリウム及びイッテルビウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物を挙げることができる。
Li[Liy(Ni(1-b)Nb)1-y]O2 (2)
(式中:0<b≦0.7、0≦y≦0.50、Nは、コバルト、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物を挙げることができる。
Ni(1-z)Pz(OH)2+c (3)
(式中:0<z≦0.7、0≦c≦0.28、Pは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物を挙げることができる。
ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子の調製
攪拌機付きの反応槽に、硫酸ニッケルと硫酸コバルトと硫酸亜鉛とを所定比(ニッケル:コバルト:亜鉛=92.1:1.12:6.77の質量比)で溶解した水溶液に、硫酸アンモニウム水溶液と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下して反応容積500Lの反応槽内で反応温度45.0℃、液温40℃基準で反応pH12.1に維持しながら、攪拌回転数520rpmで攪拌羽根が250mmのプロペラの攪拌機により連続的に攪拌した。生成した水酸化物は反応槽のオーバーフロー管からオーバーフローさせて取り出した。取り出した水酸化物に、水洗、脱水、乾燥の各処理を施して、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粒子の組成は、ニッケル元素の含有量が92.1質量部、コバルト元素の含有量が1.12質量部、亜鉛元素の含有量が6.77質量部であることを誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置にて確認した。
上記実施例と同様にして、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。その後、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を、水酸化ナトリウムにて液温50℃基準でpH9.0に維持した反応浴中のアルカリ水溶液に投入した。投入後、該溶液を撹拌しながら、濃度90g/Lの硫酸コバルト水溶液を滴下した。この間、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を適宜滴下して、液温50℃基準で反応浴をpH9.0に維持しながら1時間保持することで、ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子(核)の表面に水酸化コバルトからなる被覆層を形成させた、水酸化コバルト被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。なお、被覆されたコバルトの含有量は、ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子100質量部に対して2.55質量部であった。
上記実施例と同様にして、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。その後、平均粒径10μmのニッケル複合水酸化物粒子に対して、無電解ニッケルめっきを施した。無電解めっき浴としては、以下に示す組成を有するものを用いた。
硫酸ニッケル22.0g/L
グリシン33.3g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム23.3g/L
水酸化ナトリウム12.3g/L
界面活性剤10mL/L
pH9.5
(1)組成分析
実施例1~3及び比較例2~4で得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粉末の組成分析は、得られた粉末を塩酸もしくは王水に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(株式会社パーキンエルマージャパン製、7300DV)を用いて行った。
(2)平均圧壊強度
株式会社島津製作所製「微小圧縮試験機MCT-510」にて測定した。
実施例1~3及び比較例2~4で得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粉末について、株式会社島津製作所製「微小圧縮試験機MCT-510」を用いて、任意に選んだ二次粒子1個に対して試験圧力(負荷)をかけ、二次粒子の変位量を測定した。試験圧力を徐々にあげて行った際、試験圧力がほぼ一定のまま変位量が最大となる圧力値を試験力(P)とし、下記数式(A)に示す平松らの式(日本鉱業会誌,Vol.81,(1965))により、圧壊強度(St)を算出した。この操作を計10回行い、圧壊強度の10回平均値から平均圧壊強度を算出した。
St=2.8×P/(π×d×d) (d:二次粒子径)(A)
ニッケル水素電池について、0.2Cの深放電試験を実施した後に、無負荷接続状態にて90℃で6日間の自然放置することにより、ニッケル水素電池を放電した。深放電までの0.2Cで充電したときの放電容量に対する、深放電後2CY目の0.2Cで充電したときの放電容量を容量維持率とした。
(4)ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径
ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径は、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)にて被覆層を観察した画像から、独立して存在している一次粒子をランダムに10個選択し、選択した上記一次粒子の最長直径の部位を、それぞれ測定し、その平均値を平均一次粒子径とした。
攪拌機およびオーバーフローパイプを備えた反応槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。硫酸ニッケル水溶液と硫酸コバルト水溶液と硫酸マンガン水溶液とを、ニッケル原子とコバルト原子とマンガン原子との原子比が0.50:0.20:0.30となるように混合して、混合原料液を調製した。次に、反応槽内に、攪拌下、この混合原料溶液と硫酸アンモニウム水溶液を錯化剤として連続的に添加し、反応槽内の溶液のpHが液温40℃基準でpH11.3になるよう水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を適時滴下し、ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子であるニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を得た。得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を、濾過後水洗し、105℃で乾燥することにより、比較例6のニッケル複合水酸化物の乾燥粉末を得た。
上記のようにして調製した比較例6のニッケル複合水酸化物粒子に、さらに、直接、無電解純ニッケルめっき処理を施して、実施例4の、被覆層としてニッケルめっき膜を有するニッケル複合水酸化物(被覆層としてニッケルめっき膜を有するニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物)、すなわち、ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物を製造した。より詳細には、以下の通りに、ニッケルめっき膜を有するニッケル複合水酸化物を製造した。
以上のようにして得られた実施例4のニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物の乾燥粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末とをLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.03となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下740℃で8.4時間一次焼成して、リチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物を一次焼成粉末として得た。その後、一次焼成粉末を粉砕し、大気雰囲気下940℃で8.4時間二次焼成して、実施例5のリチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物を二次焼成粉末として得た。
比較例6のニッケル複合水酸化物の乾燥粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末とをLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.03となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下740℃で8.4時間一次焼成して、リチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物を一次焼成粉末として得た。その後、一次焼成粉末を粉砕し、大気雰囲気下940℃で8.4時間二次焼成して、比較例5のリチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物を二次焼成粉末として得た。
(1)組成分析
実施例5及び比較例5で得られた正極用化合物粉末の組成分析は、得られた粉末を塩酸もしくは王水に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(株式会社パーキンエルマージャパン社製、7300DV)を用いて行った。
(2)平均圧壊強度
島津微小圧縮試験機MCT-510にて測定した。
実施例4、5及び比較例5、6で得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粉末について、株式会社島津製作所製「微小圧縮試験機MCT-510」を用いて、任意に選んだ二次粒子1個に対して試験圧力(負荷)をかけ、二次粒子の変位量を測定した。試験圧力を徐々にあげて行った際、試験圧力がほぼ一定のまま変位量が最大となる圧力値を試験力(P)とし、下記数式(A)に示す平松らの式(日本鉱業会誌,Vol.81,(1965))により、圧壊強度(St)を算出した。この操作を計10回行い、圧壊強度の10回平均値から平均圧壊強度を算出した。
St=2.8×P/(π×d×d) (d:二次粒子径)(A)
実施例5、比較例5の正極用化合物粉末を用いて作製したラミネートセル型電池を用いて、25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。このときの放電容量を1.とする。25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、60℃環境下で2週間放置した。2週間放置終了後25℃環境温度に戻し、0.2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。このときの放電容量を2.とする。次に、25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。このときの放電容量を3.とする。25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、60℃環境下でさらに2週間放置した。2週間放置終了後25℃環境温度に戻し、0.2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。このときの放電容量を4.とする。次に、25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。このときの放電容量を5.とする。
60℃保存における自己放電率と容量回復率を次式に示す。
(a)2週間放置後の自己放電率、容量回復率
自己放電率(%)=(1.-2.)×100
容量回復率(%)=(3./1.)×100
(b)4週間放置後の自己放電率、容量回復率
自己放電率(%)=(1.-4.)×100
容量回復率(%)=(5./1.)×100
(4)60℃条件におけるサイクル特性
実施例5、比較例5の正極用化合物粉末を用いて作製したラミネートセル型電池を用いて、60℃環境温度で2Cの条件で4.2VまでCC条件で充電した後、2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。この充放電操作を500サイクル行った。1サイクル目に放電した容量に対する500サイクル目に放電した容量の割合を容量維持率とした。
容量維持率(%)=500サイクル目放電容量(mAh/g)/1サイクル目放電容量(mAh/g)×100
(5)ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径
実施例4の正極用化合物粉末のニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径は、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)にて被覆層を観察した画像から、独立して存在している一次粒子をランダムに10個選択し、選択した上記一次粒子の最長直径の部位を、それぞれ測定し、その平均値を平均一次粒子径とした。
上記表3に示すように、実施例4のニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物の平均圧壊強度45.9Mpaは、比較例6の平均圧壊強度が65.0Mpaであるニッケル複合水酸化物に比べて粒子強度が低下した。しかし、実施例5のリチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物は、実施例4のニッケル含有被覆ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物をリチウム焼成した酸化物であり、平均圧壊強度が64.3Mpaである比較例5のリチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物に比べ、実施例5の平均圧壊強度は79.7Mpaと粒子強度が向上した。
Claims (9)
- 一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子であり、ニッケル複合水酸化物を含む核と、前記核の表面にコバルト元素が500ppm以下及びリン元素が10ppm以下であるニッケル元素を含む被覆層と、を有する正極用化合物であり、
前記被覆層のニッケル元素の含有量が、前記核100質量部に対して5質量部以上20質量部以下、
前記二次粒子の平均圧壊強度が45.0MPa以上である正極用化合物。 - 前記核が、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、リチウム、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された金属元素を少なくとも1種含む請求項1に記載の正極用化合物。
- 前記ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径が、10nm以上100nm以下である請求項1または2に記載の正極用化合物。
- さらに、パラジウム化合物を含む請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の正極用化合物。
- アルカリ蓄電池の正極活物質用である請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の正極用化合物。
- 前記核が、一般式(1)
Ni(1-x)Mx(OH)2+a (1)
(式中:0<x≦0.2、0≦a≦0.2、Mは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、イットリウム及びイッテルビウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される請求項5に記載の正極用化合物。 - 非水系電解質二次電池の正極活物質の前駆体用である請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の正極用化合物。
- 前記核が、一般式(3)
Ni(1-z)Pz(OH)2+c (3)
(式中:0<z≦0.7、0≦c≦0.28、Pは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される請求項7に記載の正極用化合物。 - 請求項7または8に記載の正極用化合物を前駆体として用いた、非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
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