WO2019174107A1 - 用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置 - Google Patents

用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019174107A1
WO2019174107A1 PCT/CN2018/084332 CN2018084332W WO2019174107A1 WO 2019174107 A1 WO2019174107 A1 WO 2019174107A1 CN 2018084332 W CN2018084332 W CN 2018084332W WO 2019174107 A1 WO2019174107 A1 WO 2019174107A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fruit cup
tray
fruit
pallet
shaped support
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/084332
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐惠荣
常汉
应义斌
饶秀勤
Original Assignee
浙江大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江大学 filed Critical 浙江大学
Priority to US16/307,482 priority Critical patent/US11311914B2/en
Publication of WO2019174107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019174107A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/16—Sorting according to weight
    • B07C5/22—Sorting according to weight using a plurality of stationary weighing mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/16—Sorting according to weight
    • B07C5/18—Sorting according to weight using a single stationary weighing mechanism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/16—Sorting according to weight
    • B07C5/28—Sorting according to weight using electrical control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
    • B07C5/362—Separating or distributor mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
    • A23N2015/008—Sorting of fruit and vegetables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/0081—Sorting of food items
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/009—Sorting of fruit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for sorting fruits and vegetables, in particular to a single-chain double-tipped fruit cup device for sorting fruits and vegetables, which is mainly used for on-line detection and sorting of fruits and vegetables, and improves production efficiency.
  • China is a big fruit and vegetable producing country.
  • consumers' demand for high quality and high quality fruit and vegetable products is increasing.
  • China is a big fruit and vegetable producing country, it is not a production power.
  • the post-harvest commercialization technology of fruits and vegetables is relatively backward, its commodity is low, and its market competitiveness is weak.
  • the application of online detection and grading technology can realize the sorting and grading of fruits and vegetables according to different indicators, and the quality is based on quality.
  • trays are often used to transport fruits.
  • the tray structure and related accessories can effectively reduce the influence of ambient light on the spectral detection of fruits and vegetables, and trays are often used in the dynamic weighing of fruits and vegetables.
  • the present invention provides a single-chain double-tipped fruit cup device for sorting fruits and vegetables, which is shielded from ambient light by a hood mounted on a tray, and is mounted on the tray.
  • the limit pin on the weighing foot is used to support the plate limit, and the inverted L-shaped support plate is used for supporting the support plate.
  • the fruit cup has a simple structure, ingeniously flipping and resetting, and can realize double channel detection and classification, thereby improving production efficiency.
  • the invention comprises a single chain double tray type fruit cup, the single chain double tray type fruit cup is arranged on the conveying track, and the single chain double tray type fruit cup comprises a fruit cup support frame, a hood, an inner liner, a tray, a pallet and a pouring L-shaped support plate;
  • the cup support frame is hingedly hinged along the two sides of the transfer track, the tray is placed on the pallet, the hood is mounted on the tray, the quasi-spherical fruit is placed on the hood;
  • the cup support frame is transported along
  • the front and rear end faces of the rail are hinged with an inverted L-shaped support plate, and the two inverted L-shaped support plates respectively extend to the brackets on both sides and are coupled and connected.
  • the fruit cup support frame is mainly composed of a top panel and a bottom base.
  • the two pallets are respectively hinged to the two sides of the fruit cup support frame panel by respective side rotation shafts, and the two pallets are symmetric with the fruit cup support frame.
  • the side rotation shafts respectively pass through the side torsion springs, and the two ends of the side torsion springs are respectively connected to the pallet and the cup support frame.
  • the two inverted L-shaped support plates are hinged to the middle of the end surface of the cup support frame by the same intermediate rotating shaft, and the middle torsion spring is set on the middle rotating shaft between each inverted L-shaped support plate and the panel of the fruit cup support frame.
  • the two ends of the middle torsion spring are respectively connected to the fruit cup support frame panel and the inverted L-shaped support plate.
  • the top of the hood is mainly formed by splicing a plurality of fan-shaped visors, and the fan-shaped visors enclose a circle to form a hollow torus, and adjacent scallops have a gap between each other; the bottom of the hood is snap-fitted A circular stepped groove, the top of the tray is provided with a flange matching the snap-on circular stepped groove of the hood, and the top of the tray is installed in the bottom of the hood so that the flange is embedded in the snap-type circular step groove to form an axial limit Bit is fixed.
  • the material of the hood is rubber.
  • the lower end of the tray is connected with four weighing feet, and the upper end of the tray is provided with four square holes corresponding to the four weighing legs.
  • the four weighing feet pass down through the respective The square hole is formed and installed;
  • the fixed foot is mounted on the end of the foot after the square hole is mounted with the limit pin, the square hole size is smaller than the length of the limit pin, and the four limit pins can prevent the weighing foot from coming off the pallet Square hole;
  • under the pallet there is a slope guiding track arranged parallel to the conveying track, the two sides of the slope guiding track are inclined downward inclined faces, the top surface between the inclined faces is plane, and the top surface is installed with a track type
  • the transporting orbiting fruit cup support moves and drives the pallet to move over the top surface of the slope guiding track, the weighing foot at the lower end of the tray is guided by the inclined surface of the slope guiding track to raise the height, so that the lower end of the tray and the pallet There is a vertical
  • the pallet is mainly composed of a circular bracket and a Go-shaped supporting leg, and a joint between the Go-shaped supporting foot and the circular supporting plate is provided with a side rotating shaft, and the joint is hinged to the fruit cup support through the side rotating shaft.
  • the panel of the frame, the Go-shaped support foot and the circular pallet are connected at an obtuse angle;
  • the inverted L-shaped support plate is mainly composed of a rigid connection of the support plate and the dial, and the connection between the support plate and the dial is set in the middle
  • the rotating shaft is connected to the fruit cup support frame through the intermediate rotating shaft, and the support plate and the dial plate are connected at an acute angle, and the dial plate is extended to the supporting plate and connected with the Go-shaped supporting leg of the supporting plate.
  • the dial plate When the inverted L-shaped support plate is only subjected to its own gravity torque, the dial plate is closely attached to the vertical side of the base of the fruit cup support frame, and the end of the support plate is connected to the middle branch arm of the Go-shaped support leg and the short arm of the main body portion. Between the support plate surface and the middle branch arm surface of the Go-shaped support leg are in close contact with each other, so that the support plate supports the Go-shaped support leg, and the angle ⁇ formed by the support plate and the Go-shaped support leg main body portion is greater than 90°, And the circular pallet is arranged in a horizontal state.
  • the dial plate rotates away from the vertical side of the base of the fruit cup support frame, and the support plate rotates away from the Go-shaped support leg, and the circular plate is in its own gravity torque and the tray,
  • the inner pad, the hood and the quasi-spherical fruit are tilted and turned under the action of the gravity torque, and the quasi-spherical fruit on the side falls to the side to achieve the quasi-spherical fruit grading.
  • the surface of the dial plate is connected to the short arm of the main body of the Go-shaped support leg, and the Go-shaped support foot is pressed to the panel of the fruit cup support frame. Bottom surface.
  • the side torsion spring provides the pallet with a torque in the opposite direction to the gravity torque during the hinge rotation, and the rotation of the pallet against the gravity is smooth.
  • the middle torsion spring provides the inverted L-shaped support plate with the same direction of gravity as the gravity torque during the hinge rotation, so that the reverse rotation process of the inverted L-shaped support plate against gravity is gentle.
  • the conveying track comprises a transmission chain, a track, a track profile and a track type weighing.
  • the track is fixedly arranged on the track profile, the transmission chain is mounted on the track and moves along the track, and the base of the cup support frame is mounted and connected to the transmission chain. , relying on the transmission chain to drive the fruit cup support frame, and then drive the single-chain double-tipped fruit cup to convey.
  • the transmission chain is located at a section of the grading exit position, and an electromagnetic plucking component is arranged below the electromagnetic sliding component, the electromagnet and the grading plate are connected, the electromagnet controls the grading plate to rotate and pushes the inverted L-shaped support The plate overcomes its own gravity torque and the torque of the middle torsion spring due to the rotation.
  • the transmission chain is located at a section below the conveying production line, and a reset slope plate is arranged above the middle portion, and the fruit cup inclined by the dial plate is inverted after entering the conveying production line, and the inverted tray and the pallet are advanced along the slope surface of the resetting ramp plate. In the middle of the overcoming, the torsion spring torque is restored to a horizontal state.
  • the material of the hood is rubber.
  • the invention separates the tray and the pallet, and the cross-sectional area of the weighing foot of the tray is smaller than the square hole area of the pallet, which can reduce the friction effect of the weighing process of the fruit and vegetable, and improve the weighing precision of the fruit and vegetable;
  • a hood and an inner liner are mounted on the tray, which can effectively reduce the influence of light leakage and ambient light on the spectral detection of fruits and vegetables, and improve the accuracy of spectral detection;
  • the combination of the inverted L-shaped support plate and the torsion spring improves the turning efficiency of the pallet and the tray, and the turning effect is good; the fruit cup is a single-chain conveying and has two rows of trays, which can effectively improve the production efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is an overall exploded view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the horizontal state of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the one-sided rollover state of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a left side view of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 (a) is a left side view of the unilateral fruit cup horizontal state of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 6 (a);
  • Figure 7 (a) is a left side view of the one-sided fruit cup rollover state of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 7 (a);
  • Figure 8 (a) is a front view of the support frame
  • Figure 8 (b) is a left side view of the support frame
  • Figure 9 (a) is a plan view of the hood
  • Figure 9 (b) is a D-D cross-sectional view of Figure 9 (a);
  • Figure 10 (a) is a front view of the tray
  • Figure 10 (b) is a left side view of the tray
  • Figure 11 (a) is a front view of the pallet
  • Figure 11 (b) is a left side view of the pallet
  • Figure 12 is a front elevational view of the lever of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a partial enlarged view of the torsion spring assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is an isometric view of the fruit cup and classification mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is an isometric view of the assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a front elevational view of the fruit cup of the present invention through the weighing track.
  • Figure 17 is a side elevational view of the fruit cup of the present invention through the weighing track.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view of the fruit cup passing spectrum detecting station of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic illustration of the fruit cup passage resetting station of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view of the delivery line of the present invention.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention includes a single-chain double tray type fruit cup, and a fruit cup support frame 1 of a single-chain double tray type fruit cup is disposed on a conveying track.
  • the single-chain double tray type fruit cup comprises a fruit cup support frame 1, a hood 2, an inner liner 3, a tray 4, a pallet 5 and an inverted L-shaped support plate 13; the fruit cup support frame 1 is symmetric along both sides of the conveying track A pallet 5 is hinged, a tray 4 is placed on the pallet 5, a hood 2 is mounted on the tray 4, and a quasi-spherical fruit is placed on the hood 2; the cup support frame 1 is hinged with an inverted L shape along the front and rear end faces of the conveying rail
  • the support plates 13, 13', the two inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13' respectively extend to the brackets 5 on both sides and are mated.
  • the fruit cup support 1 is mainly composed of a top panel 1a and a bottom base 1b.
  • the two pallets 5, 5' are hinged to the sides of the panel 1a of the cup support frame 1 through the respective side pivots 10, 10', respectively, and the pallets 5, 5' are wound around the respective sides.
  • the side rotating shafts 10, 10' are rotated and reversed, and the two pallets 5, 5' are symmetrically arranged with the fruit cup support frame 1, and the side rotating shafts 10, 10' pass through the side torsion springs 11, 12 and the side torsion springs 11', 12, respectively.
  • the side torsion springs 11, 12 and the side torsion springs 11', 12' are respectively connected to the pallets 5, 5' and the panel support 1 panel 1a.
  • two inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13' are hinged to the middle of the end surface of the panel 1a of the cup support frame 1 through the same intermediate shaft 14, and the inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13' are arranged around the middle shaft. 14 each rotates and flips. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the intermediate rotating shaft 14 between each inverted L-shaped supporting plate 13, 13' and the panel 1a of the fruit cup support frame 1 is provided with a middle torsion spring 15, 15', and the intermediate rotating shaft 14
  • the end protrudes from the through hole in the middle of the end surface of the panel 1a of the cup support 1 and passes through the respective middle torsion springs 15, 15', and is placed in the through hole of the inverted L-shaped support plate 13, 13', the middle torsion spring 15,
  • the 15' ends are respectively connected to the cup support 1 panel 1a and the respective inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13'.
  • the hood 2 is mounted on the tray 4 through the inner liner 3 at the bottom, and the inner liner 3 is located in the inner circular hole in the center of the tray 4.
  • the hood 2, the inner liner 3, the tray 4, and the pallet 5 are each provided with a circular hole, and the four holes are coaxial after being assembled.
  • the lower part of the tray 4 is hollowed out to reduce the weight of the tray 4.
  • the concave shape of the tray 4 is bowl-shaped, and the concave surface is composed of a plurality of concave surfaces with different curvatures, and is suitable for carrying spherical agricultural products.
  • the top of the hood 2 is mainly formed by splicing a plurality of fan-shaped visors 2a, and the fan-shaped visor 2a is formed in a circle to form a hollow torus, adjacent to the scallops.
  • the hood 2a has a gap between each other, so that the hood 2 can more easily fit the shape of the quasi-spherical fruit 18 and minimize the leakage of ambient light;
  • the bottom of the hood 2 has a snap-shaped circular stepped groove 2b
  • the snap-type circular stepped groove 2b is a stepped structure having a large diameter at the inner end and a small diameter at the outer end, and the top of the tray 4 is provided with a snap-shaped circular stepped groove 2b inside the hood 2 to fix the convexity of the hood 2
  • the edge of the tray 4 is mounted in the bottom of the hood 2 such that the flange is fitted in the snap-type circular stepped groove 2b to form an axial limit.
  • the center of the tray 4 has a boss at the upper end of the circular hole, and the inner pad 3 is provided with a cylindrical groove.
  • the upper end of the round hole cooperates with the cylindrical groove to fix the inner pad 3.
  • weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are connected to the lower end of the tray 4, and the weighing legs 4a, 4d are close to the outside of the tray 4, and the weighing legs 4b, 4c are attached. Near the inside of the tray 4.
  • the upper end of the pallet 5 is provided with four square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d corresponding to the four weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, the tray 4
  • the four weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d form a mounting position downward through the respective square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d; the weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d wear
  • the horizontal end pins 6, 7, 8, and 9 are mounted on the leg ends after the respective square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d, and the square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are smaller than the limit pins 6, 7, and 8. 9, the length of the small, four limit pins 6, 7, 8, 9 can prevent the weighing feet 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d from the square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d on the pallet 5;
  • a ramp guide rail disposed parallel to the transport track is disposed below the pallet 5.
  • the two sides of the ramp guide rail are inclined downward slopes, and the top surface between the slopes on both sides is flat.
  • the rail-type scale 22 is mounted on the surface; when the transport rail transports the cup support 1 to move, and the pallet 5 is moved to move over the top surface of the ramp guide rail, the weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c at the lower end of the tray 4, 4d is guided by the inclined surface of the slope guiding track to raise the height, so that there is a vertical distance between the lower end of the tray 4 and the upper end of the pallet 5, and the weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d fall on the orbital scale 22, thereby realizing the orbit.
  • the scale 22 weighs and weighs only the weight of the hood 2, the inner liner 3, the tray 4, and the quasi-spherical fruit 18.
  • the pallet 5 is mainly constituted by a rigid connection of a circular pallet 5f and a Go-shaped supporting leg 5e, and a side pivot shaft 10 is provided at a joint between the Go-shaped supporting leg 5e and the circular pallet 5f.
  • the joint is hinged to the panel 1a of the fruit cup support frame 1 through the side pivot shafts 10, 10', the non-parallel arrangement between the Go-shaped support foot 5e and the circular support plate 5f, the Go-shaped support foot 5e and the circle
  • the pallet 5f is connected at an obtuse angle;
  • the Go-shaped support leg 5e includes a main body portion and an intermediate branch arm, and the main body portion is formed by a long arm and a short arm connected in a straight line, and the intermediate branch arm is connected between the long arm and the short arm At the joint, the long arm is connected to the circular pallet 5f.
  • the circular pallet 5f is provided with four square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d through which the four weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the bottom surface of the tray 4 pass, and the square holes 5a, 5d are close to the outer side of the circular pallet 5f.
  • the square holes 5b, 5c are close to the inner side of the circular pallet 5f, and the square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d are larger in size than the lower weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the tray 4 to avoid the orbital weighing 22
  • the friction between the weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the tray 4 and the square holes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d of the circular pallet 5f makes the orbital scale 22 accurately measured.
  • the inverted L-shaped support plate 13 is mainly formed by rigidly connecting the support plate 13a and the dial 13b, and the intermediate shaft 14 is provided at the joint between the support plate 13a and the dial 13b, and the joint is hinged to the intermediate shaft 14
  • the cup support frame 1 panel 1a, the support plate 13a and the dial plate 13b are arranged in a non-parallel manner to form an approximately L shape, the support plate 13a and the dial plate 13b are connected at an acute angle, and the dial plate 13b is extended to the pallet 5 and is arranged
  • the Go-shaped support legs 5e of the board 5 are connected.
  • FIG. 6(a) and FIG. 6(b) when the inverted L-shaped support plate 13 is only subjected to its own gravity torque, the dial 13b is in close contact with the vertical of the base 1b of the fruit cup support frame 1.
  • the end of the support plate 13a is connected between the intermediate branch arm of the Go-shaped support leg 5e and the short arm of the main body portion, and the surface of the support plate 13a is in close contact with the surface of the intermediate branch arm of the Go-shaped support leg 5e, so that the support The plate 13a supports the Gob-shaped support leg 5e, and the angle ⁇ formed by the support plate 13a and the main portion of the Go-shaped support leg 5e is larger than 90°, and the circular pallet 5f is arranged in a horizontal state.
  • the dial 13b When the inverted L-shaped support plate 13 is subjected to the anti-gravity torque, the dial 13b is rotated away from the vertical side of the base 1b of the fruit cup support 1, that is, the dial 13b is rotated outward, and the support plate 13a is rotated away from the Go-shaped support.
  • the foot 5e, the circular pallet 5f is tilted and reversed under the action of its own gravity torque, and the above quasi-spherical fruit 18 is dropped sideways into the grading opening provided on the side of the single-chain double-tipped fruit cup to realize the quasi-spherical fruit 18 grading.
  • the surface of the dial plate 13b is connected to the short arm of the main body portion of the Go-shaped support leg 5e, and the Go-shaped support leg 5e is pressed to the fruit cup.
  • the bottom surface of the panel 1a of the support frame 1 is as shown in Figs. 7(a) and 7(b).
  • the Go-shaped support leg 5e is engaged with the inverted L-shaped support plate 13 to complete the horizontal support and the rollover of the single-chain double-tipped fruit cup.
  • the side torsion springs 11, 12, 11', 12' provide the pallets 5, 5' with torque in the opposite direction to the gravity G1 torque during the articulation rotation, the torque being smaller than the weight of the tray 4, the inner liner 3, and the hood 2 And, greater than the gravity torque of the pallet 5, the rotation of the pallet 5, 5' against the gravity G1 is smooth; in the natural state, the gravity G1 torque of the pallet 5, 5' makes the circular support of the pallet 5, 5' The plate 5f is flipped horizontally downward.
  • the middle torsion springs 15, 15' provide the reverse L-shaped support plates 13, 13' with the same direction of gravity as the gravity G2 torque during the articulation rotation, the torque being less than twice the gravity torque of the inverted L-shaped support plate 13, greater than the inverted L shape
  • the gravity of the support plate 13 is such that the reverse rotation process of the inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13' against the gravity G1 is gentle.
  • the gravity G2 torque of the inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13' causes the dial 13b of the inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13' to rotate toward the center of the base 1b of the fruit cup support 1.
  • the side torsion springs 11, 12, 11', 12' and the middle torsion springs 15, 15' are all in a state in which no torque is provided; During the 5' flipping process, the side torsion springs 11, 12, 11', 12' and the middle torsion springs 15, 15' each provide torque.
  • the transport track includes a transmission chain 19, a rail 20, a rail profile 21, and a rail type weighing 22, the rail 20 is fixedly disposed on the rail profile 21, and the transmission chain 19 is mounted on the rail 20 to move along the rail 20,
  • the base 1b of the cup support frame 1 is mounted and coupled to the drive chain 19, and the chain support frame 1 is driven by the drive chain 19 to drive the single-chain double-tipped fruit cup.
  • the side of the transmission chain 19 is provided with an electromagnetic plucking assembly, and the electromagnetic plucking assembly includes an electromagnet 17 grading plate 16, and the electromagnet 17 is connected to the grading plate 16, and the grading plate 16 has vertical planes at both ends. In the middle is a vertical plate surface formed by a vertical inclined surface.
  • the dial plate 13b of the inverted L-shaped support plate 13 moves along the outer vertical surface of the classifying plate 16.
  • the rotation of the classifying plate 16 is realized by the electromagnet 17, which controls the rotation of the classifying plate 16 to push the dial 13b of the inverted L-shaped support plates 13, 13' to rotate against its own gravity torque.
  • the dialing plate 13b is rotated by the dividing plate 16 to the outside, and the circular pallet 5f of the tray 5 is turned over.
  • the spectral detecting probe 24 is installed at a circular hole reserved at the bottom of the tray 4, and the light source 23 is disposed on both sides of the hood 2.
  • the fruit cup supporting the quasi-spherical fruit 18 passes through the spectrum detecting station A, the orbital weighing station B, the grading station C, and the fruit cup to rotate under the conveying line with the transmission chain. After the cup is inverted, it enters the reset station D.
  • the hood 2 and the inner liner 3 mounted on the tray 4 can greatly reduce the light and ambient light leaked by the light source 23, and reduce the influence of the ambient light on the spectral detection accuracy.
  • the square holes 5a, 5d of the pallet 5 can be brought into contact with the weighing legs 4a, 4d of the tray 4, and the square holes 5b, 5c of the pallet 5 are not in contact with the weighing legs 4b, 4c of the tray 4,
  • the force of the advancement of the tray 4 comes from the thrust of the square holes 5a, 5d of the pallet 5 against the weighing legs 4a, 4d of the tray 4, and in this state, the friction between the pallet 5 and the tray 4 is minimized, which can be minimized.
  • the friction between the pallet 5 and the tray 4 is aligned with the effect of the orbital weighing accuracy of the spherical fruit 18.
  • a slope guiding track arranged parallel to the conveying track.
  • the two sides of the slope guiding track are inclined downward inclined faces, and the top surface between the inclined faces on both sides is flat, and the top surface is installed.
  • a track type weighing device 22 when the conveying track transports the cup support 1 to move and drives the plate 5 to move over the top surface of the slope guiding track, the weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d at the lower end of the tray 4 are subjected to the slope
  • the inclined surface of the guiding track is guided to raise the height so that there is a vertical distance between the lower end of the tray 4 and the upper end of the pallet 5, and the weighing legs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d fall on the rail type weighing device 22, thereby realizing the orbital weighing.
  • the device 22 weighs and weighs only the weight of the hood 2, the inner liner 3, the tray 4, and the quasi-spherical fruit 18.
  • the electromagnet 17 rotates the classification plate 16 to the outside at the corresponding classification outlet, and the fruit cup inverted L-shaped support plate 13 at this time.
  • the dial 13b travels along the vertical slope of the outer side of the classifying plate 16 and gradually slopes.
  • the support plate 13a of the inverted L-shaped support plate 13 and the support 5 of the pallet 5 are supported. Separating, the pallet 5 is inclined, and the quasi-spherical fruit 18 is rolled from the tray 4 to the corresponding classification port.
  • the support leg 13a of the inverted L-shaped support plate 13 supports the lower surface of the support 5e of the pallet 5.
  • the invention can realize stable, continuous conveying, orbital weighing, spectrum detection, sorting and grading functions of different sizes and approximately spherical diameters between 30 mm and 120 mm in diameter, and the tray and the tray are separated, and the tray weighs the foot through
  • the square hole of the pallet can reduce the friction effect of the weighing process of fruits and vegetables, improve the weighing accuracy of fruits and vegetables;
  • the hood and the inner liner are installed on the tray, which can effectively reduce the influence of ambient light on the spectrum detection of fruits and vegetables, and improve the precision of spectral detection;
  • the combination of the inverted L-shaped support plate and the torsion spring improves the turning efficiency of the pallet and the tray, and the turning effect is good;
  • the fruit cup is a single-chain conveying and has two rows of trays, which can effectively improve the production efficiency.

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Abstract

一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，包括单链双托式果杯，单链双托式果杯包括果杯支撑架（1）、遮光罩（2）、内衬垫（3）、托盘（4）、托板（5）和倒L形支撑板（13、13`）；果杯支撑架（1）沿传送轨道的两侧对称均铰接有托板（5），托板（5）上放置有托盘（4），托盘（4）上安装有遮光罩（2），遮光罩（2）上放置准球形水果（18）；果杯支撑架（1）沿传送轨道的前后端面均铰接有倒L形支撑板（13、13`），两个倒L形支撑板（13、13`）分别向两侧的托板（5）延伸并配合连接。

Description

用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置 技术领域
本发明涉及了一种用于果蔬分选的装置，尤其是涉及了一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，主要用于果蔬在线检测分选分级，提高生产效率。
背景技术
我国是一个果蔬生产大国，果蔬种类繁多、品质优良，随着人们生活水平的不断提高，消费者对品质好质量高的果蔬产品的需求不断增加；我国虽然是果蔬生产大国，但不是生产强国，果蔬产后商品化处理技术相对落后，其商品性低，市场竞争力弱，而在线检测分级技术的应用能将果蔬根据不同的指标实现分选分级，并按质论价。在易损水果品质检测分选的商品化处理过程中，经常使用托盘来运输水果，托盘结构及相关附件能够有效减少环境光对果蔬光谱检测的影响，且在果蔬动态称重中也经常使用托盘作为载体。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，通过安装在托盘上的遮光罩、内衬垫遮挡环境光，通过安装在托盘称重脚上的限位销进行托板限位，采用倒L形支撑板进行托板支撑，果杯结构简单，翻转和复位巧妙，且能实现双通道检测分级，提高生产效率。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明包括单链双托式果杯，单链双托式果杯布置在传送轨道上，单链双托式果杯包括果杯支撑架、遮光罩、内衬垫、托盘、托板和倒L形支撑板；果杯支撑架沿传送轨道的两侧对称均铰接有托板，托板上放置有托盘，托盘上安装有遮光罩，遮光罩上放置准球形水果；果杯支撑架沿传送轨道的前后端面均铰接有倒L形支撑板，两个倒L形支撑板分别向两侧的托板延伸并配合连接。
所述的果杯支撑架主要由顶部的面板和底部的基座构成，两个托板分别通过各自的侧边转轴铰接于果杯支撑架面板两侧，两个托板以果杯支撑架对称布置，侧边转轴分别穿过侧扭簧，侧扭簧两端分别连接于托板和果杯支撑架面板。
所述的两个倒L形支撑板通过同一根中间转轴铰接于果杯支撑架面板端面中间，每个倒L形支撑板和果杯支撑架的面板之间的中间转轴上套装有中扭簧，中扭簧两端分别连接于果杯支撑架面板和倒L形支撑板。
所述的遮光罩顶部主要由多个扇形遮光板拼接而成，扇形遮光板围成一圈组成一个空心环面，相邻扇形遮光板相互之间留有空隙；遮光罩底部开有卡扣 式圆形阶梯槽，托盘顶部设有与遮光罩内部卡扣式圆形阶梯槽配合的凸缘，托盘顶部装在遮光罩底部内使得凸缘嵌装于卡扣式圆形阶梯槽形成轴向限位固定。
所述的遮光罩的材料采用橡胶。
所述的托盘下端连接有四个称重脚，托板上端设有与四个称重脚对应的四个方孔，托盘下端连接到托板上端时四个称重脚向下穿过各自的方孔形成安装定位；称重脚穿过各自方孔后的脚端部安装有限位销，方孔尺寸比限位销的长度小，四个限位销能够防止称重脚脱离托板上的方孔；托板下方设有平行于传送轨道布置的斜坡引导轨道，斜坡引导轨道的两侧面为倾斜向下的斜面，两侧斜面之间的顶面为平面，顶面上安装有轨道式称重器；在传送轨道运送果杯支撑架移动、带动托板移动到斜坡引导轨道的顶面上方时，托盘下端的称重脚受斜坡引导轨道的斜面引导而抬升高度，使得托盘下端和托板上端之间存在垂直距离，称重脚落在轨道式称重器上，从而实现轨道式称重器称取且只称取遮光罩、内衬垫、托盘和准球形水果的重量。
所述的托板主要由圆形托板和戈形支撑脚刚性连接构成，戈形支撑脚和圆形托板之间的连接处设置侧边转轴，连接处通过侧边转轴铰接于果杯支撑架的面板，戈形支撑脚和圆形托板以钝角夹角连接；所述的倒L形支撑板主要由支撑板和拨板刚性连接构成，支撑板和拨板之间的连接处设置中间转轴，连接处通过中间转轴铰接于果杯支撑架面板，支撑板和拨板以锐角夹角连接，拨板向托板延伸布置并与托板的戈形支撑脚连接。
当倒L形支撑板仅受自身重力扭矩作用下时，拨板紧贴果杯支撑架基座的竖直侧面，支撑板端部连接到戈形支撑脚的中间分支臂和主体部的短臂之间处，并且支撑板表面和戈形支撑脚的中间分支臂表面紧贴接触，使得支撑板支撑起戈形支撑脚，支撑板与戈形支撑脚主体部构成的夹角θ大于90°，并且圆形托板呈水平状态布置。
当倒L形支撑板受反自身重力扭矩作用时，拨板向远离果杯支撑架基座竖直侧面方向转动，支撑板转动脱离戈形支撑脚，圆形托板在自身重力扭矩及托盘、内衬垫、遮光罩、准球形水果重力扭矩作用下倾斜翻转，上面的准球形水果侧方掉落，实现准球形水果分级。
当倒L形支撑板受反自身重力扭矩作用后恢复仅受自身重力扭矩作用，拨板表面连接到戈形支撑脚主体部的短臂，将戈形支撑脚压接到果杯支撑架的面板底面。
所述的侧扭簧为托板提供与铰接旋转过程中重力扭矩相反方向的扭矩，实现托板克服重力的旋转翻转过程平缓。
所述的中扭簧为倒L形支撑板提供与铰接旋转过程中重力扭矩相同方向的扭矩，实现倒L形支撑板克服重力的旋转翻转过程平缓。
所述的传送轨道包括传动链、轨道、轨道型材和轨道式称重，轨道固定布置于轨道型材上，传动链安装在轨道上沿轨道移动，果杯支撑架的基座安装连接于传动链上，依靠传动链来带动果杯支撑架，进而带动单链双托式果杯输送。
所述的传动链位于分级出口位置的一段，下方设有电磁拨动组件，电磁拨动组件包括电磁铁和分级板，电磁铁与分级板连接，电磁铁控制分级板旋转进而推动倒L形支撑板克服自身重力扭矩和中扭簧因旋转形成的扭矩旋转。
所述的传动链位于输送生产线下方的一段，中部上方设有复位斜坡板，拨板倾斜的果杯进入输送生产线下方后呈倒置状态，倒置状态的托盘与托板沿着复位斜坡板斜坡面行进中克服中扭簧扭矩回复为水平状态。
所述的遮光罩的材料采用橡胶。
本发明具有的有益效果是：
本发明将托盘和托板分离，托盘称重脚截面积小于托板方孔面积，能够减少果蔬称重过程的摩擦影响，提高果蔬称重精度；
托盘上安装有遮光罩和内衬垫，能够有效减少光源漏光和环境光对果蔬光谱检测的影响，提高光谱检测精度；
倒L形支撑板与扭簧结合的设计使托板和托盘翻转效率提高，翻转效果好；果杯为单链输送且有两排托盘，能够有效提高生产效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明整体爆炸图；
图2是本发明的水平状态主视图；
图3是本发明的单侧侧翻状态主视图；
图4是本发明的左视图；
图5是图4的A-A剖面图；
图6(a)是本发明的单侧果杯水平状态左视图；
图6(b)是图6(a)的B-B剖面图；
图7(a)是本发明的单侧果杯侧翻状态左视图；
图7(b)是图7(a)的C-C剖面图；
图8(a)是支撑架主视图；
图8(b)是支撑架左视图；
图9(a)是遮光罩俯视图；
图9(b)是图9(a)的D-D截面图；
图10(a)是托盘主视图；
图10(b)是托盘左视图；
图11(a)是托板主视图；
图11(b)是托板左视图；
图12是本发明的拨杆主视图。
图13是本发明的扭簧装配局部放大图。
图14是本发明的果杯与分级机构等轴测视图。
图15是本发明的装配体等轴测视图。
图16是本发明的果杯通过称重轨道主视示意图。
图17是本发明的果杯通过称重轨道侧视示意图。
图18是本发明的果杯通过光谱检测工位示意图。
图19是本发明的果杯通过复位工位示意图。
图20是本发明的输送生产线示意图。
图中：1、果杯支撑架；1a、面板；1b、基座；2、遮光罩；2a、扇形遮光板；2b、卡扣式圆形阶梯槽；3、内衬垫；4、托盘；4a、称重脚；4b、称重脚；4c、称重脚；4d、称重脚；5、托板；5a、方孔；5b、方孔；5c、方孔；5d、方孔；5e、戈形支撑脚；5f、圆形托板；6、限位销；7、限位销；8、限位销；9、限位销；10、侧边转轴；11、侧扭簧；12、侧扭簧；13、倒L形支撑板；13a、支撑板；13b、拨板；14、中间转轴；15、中扭簧；16、分级板；17、电磁铁；18、准球形水果；19、传动链；20、轨道；21、轨道型材；22、轨道式称重器；23、光源；24、光谱检测探头；25、复位斜坡板；G1、托板所受重力；G2、倒L形支撑板所受重力；θ、倒L形支撑板支撑板与托板戈形支撑脚的夹角。A、光谱检测工位；B、轨道式称重工位；C、分级工位；D、复位工位。
备注：图中带“’”的零件为不带“’”的零件的对称零件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1所示，本发明具体实施包括单链双托式果杯，单链双托式果杯的果杯支撑架1布置在传送轨道上。单链双托式果杯包括果杯支撑架1、遮光罩2、内衬垫3、托盘4、托板5和倒L形支撑板13；果杯支撑架1沿传送轨道的两侧对称均铰接有托板5，托板5上放置有托盘4，托盘4上安装有遮光罩2，遮光罩2上放置准球形水果；果杯支撑架1沿传送轨道的前后端面均铰接有倒L形支撑板13、13’，两个倒L形支撑板13、13’分别向两侧的托板5延伸并配合连接。
如图8(a)和图8(b)所示，果杯支撑架1主要由顶部的面板1a和底部的基座1b构成。如图1、图13所示，两个托板5、5’分别通过各自的侧边转轴10、10’铰接于果杯支撑架1面板1a两侧，托板5、5’绕各自的侧边转轴10、10’旋转翻转，两个托板5、5’以果杯支撑架1对称布置，侧边转轴10、10’分别穿过侧扭簧11、12和侧扭簧11’、12’，侧扭簧11、12和侧扭簧11’、12’两端分别连接于托板5、5’和果杯支撑架1面板1a。
如图1-图3所示，两个倒L形支撑板13、13’通过同一根中间转轴14铰接于果杯支撑架1面板1a端面中间，倒L形支撑板13、13’绕中间转轴14各自旋转翻转。如图1、图13所示，每个倒L形支撑板13、13’和果杯支撑架1的面板1a之间的中间转轴14上套装有中扭簧15、15’，中间转轴14两端从果杯支撑架1面板1a端面中间的通孔伸出后穿过各自的中扭簧15、15’后套装于倒L形支撑板13、13’的通孔中，中扭簧15、15’两端分别连接于果杯支撑架1面板1a和各自的倒L形支撑板13、13’。
如图1-图4所示，遮光罩2通过底部的内衬垫3安装在托盘4，内衬垫3位于托盘4中心内圆孔中。遮光罩2、内衬垫3、托盘4、托板5中间均设有圆孔，且四者装配好后圆孔同轴心。
如图5-图7所示，托盘4下部进行镂空设计以减轻托盘4的重量，托盘4内凹形状呈碗状，内凹面由若干个不同曲率的凹面构成，适用于承载球形农产品。
如图9(a)和图9(b)所示，遮光罩2顶部主要由多个扇形遮光板2a拼接而成，扇形遮光板2a围成一圈组成一个空心环面，相邻扇形遮光板2a相互之间留有空隙，以使遮光罩2更易贴合所承托准球形水果18的形状，并尽可能减少环境光的漏过；遮光罩2底部开有卡扣式圆形阶梯槽2b，卡扣式圆形阶梯槽2b是内端为大径、外端为小径的阶梯结构，托盘4顶部设有与遮光罩2内部卡扣式圆形阶梯槽2b配合来固定遮光罩2的凸缘，托盘4顶部装在遮光罩2底部内使得凸缘嵌装于卡扣式圆形阶梯槽2b形成轴向限位固定。
托盘4内中心开有圆孔上端凸台，内衬垫3外设有圆柱面凹槽，圆孔上端凸台与圆柱面凹槽配合来固定内衬垫3。
如图10(a)和图10(b)所示，托盘4下端连接有四个称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d，称重脚4a、4d靠近托盘4外侧，称重脚4b、4c靠近托盘4内侧。如图11(a)和图11(b)所示，托板5上端设有与四个称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d对应的四个方孔5a、5b、5c、5d，托盘4下端连接到托板5上端时四个称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d向下穿过各自的方孔5a、5b、5c、5d形成安装定位；称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d穿 过各自方孔5a、5b、5c、5d后的脚端部安装有水平的限位销6、7、8、9，方孔5a、5b、5c、5d尺寸比限位销6、7、8、9的长度小，四个限位销6、7、8、9能够防止称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d脱离托板5上的方孔5a、5b、5c、5d；
如图16和图17所示，托板5下方设有平行于传送轨道布置的斜坡引导轨道，斜坡引导轨道的两侧面为倾斜向下的斜面，两侧斜面之间的顶面为平面，顶面上安装有轨道式称重器22；在传送轨道运送果杯支撑架1移动、带动托板5移动到斜坡引导轨道的顶面上方时，托盘4下端的称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d受斜坡引导轨道的斜面引导而抬升高度，使得托盘4下端和托板5上端之间存在垂直距离，称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d落在轨道式称重器22上，从而实现轨道式称重器22称取且只称取遮光罩2、内衬垫3、托盘4和准球形水果18的重量。
如图11(a)所示，托板5主要由圆形托板5f和戈形支撑脚5e刚性连接构成，戈形支撑脚5e和圆形托板5f之间的连接处设置侧边转轴10、10’，连接处通过侧边转轴10、10’铰接于果杯支撑架1的面板1a，戈形支撑脚5e和圆形托板5f之间非平行布置，戈形支撑脚5e和圆形托板5f以钝角夹角连接；戈形支撑脚5e包括主体部和中间分支臂，主体部由同直线布置的长臂和短臂连接构成，中间分支臂连接到长臂和短臂之间的连接处，长臂连接到圆形托板5f。
圆形托板5f上设有四个供托盘4底面四个称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d通过的方孔5a、5b、5c、5d，方孔5a、5d靠近圆形托板5f外侧，方孔5b、5c靠近圆形托板5f内侧，且方孔5a、5b、5c、5d大小比托盘4下部称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d截面面积大，以避免轨道式称重22时托盘4称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d与圆形托板5f方孔5a、5b、5c、5d之间的摩擦，使得轨道式称重器22测量准确。
如图12所示，倒L形支撑板13主要由支撑板13a和拨板13b刚性连接构成，支撑板13a和拨板13b之间的连接处设置中间转轴14，连接处通过中间转轴14铰接于果杯支撑架1面板1a，支撑板13a和拨板13b之间非平行布置形成近似L形，支撑板13a和拨板13b以锐角夹角连接，拨板13b向托板5延伸布置并与托板5的戈形支撑脚5e连接。
如图5、图6(a)和图6(b)所示，当倒L形支撑板13仅受自身重力扭矩作用下时，拨板13b紧贴果杯支撑架1基座1b的竖直侧面，支撑板13a端部连接到戈形支撑脚5e的中间分支臂和主体部的短臂之间处，并且支撑板13a表面和戈形支撑脚5e的中间分支臂表面紧贴接触，使得支撑板13a支撑起戈形支撑脚5e，支撑板13a与戈形支撑脚5e主体部构成的夹角θ大于90°，并且圆形托板5f呈水平状态布置。
当倒L形支撑板13受反自身重力扭矩作用时，拨板13b向远离果杯支撑架1基座1b竖直侧面方向转动，即拨板13b向外侧转动，支撑板13a转动脱离戈形支撑脚5e，圆形托板5f在自身重力扭矩作用下倾斜翻转，上面的准球形水果18侧方掉落进入单链双托式果杯侧方设置的分级口，实现准球形水果18分级。
当倒L形支撑板13受反自身重力扭矩作用后恢复仅受自身重力扭矩作用，拨板13b表面连接到戈形支撑脚5e主体部的短臂，将戈形支撑脚5e压接到果杯支撑架1的面板1a底面，如图7(a)和图7(b)所示。
从而实现了戈形支撑脚5e与倒L形支撑板13配合来完成单链双托式果杯的水平支撑与侧翻。
侧扭簧11、12、11’、12’为托板5、5’提供与铰接旋转过程中重力G1扭矩相反方向的扭矩，扭矩大小小于托盘4、内衬垫3、遮光罩2重力扭矩之和，大于托板5重力扭矩，实现托板5、5’克服重力G1的旋转翻转过程平缓；自然状态下，托板5、5’的重力G1扭矩使得托板5、5’的圆形托板5f由水平向下翻转。
中扭簧15、15’为倒L形支撑板13、13’提供与铰接旋转过程中重力G2扭矩相同方向的扭矩，扭矩大小小于倒L形支撑板13重力扭矩的两倍，大于倒L形支撑板13重力扭矩，实现倒L形支撑板13、13’克服重力G1的旋转翻转过程平缓。自然状态下，倒L形支撑板13、13’的重力G2扭矩使得倒L形支撑板13、13’的拨板13b向果杯支撑架1的基座1b中心靠拢旋转。
在托板5、5’的圆形托板5f处于水平状态下，侧扭簧11、12、11’、12’和中扭簧15、15’均处于不提供扭矩状态；在托板5、5’翻转过程中，侧扭簧11、12、11’、12’和中扭簧15、15’均提供扭矩。
如图15所示，传送轨道包括传动链19、轨道20、轨道型材21和轨道式称重22，轨道20固定布置于轨道型材21上，传动链19安装在轨道20上沿轨道20移动，果杯支撑架1的基座1b安装连接于传动链19上，依靠传动链19来带动果杯支撑架1，进而带动单链双托式果杯输送。
如图14所示，传动链19的侧方设有电磁拨动组件，电磁拨动组件包括电磁铁17分级板16，电磁铁17与分级板16连接，分级板16为两端为垂直平面、中间为垂直斜面构成的垂直板面，当分级板16水平旋转至能够与倒L形支撑板13的拨板13b接触时，倒L形支撑板13的拨板13b沿分级板16外垂直面移动，分级板16旋转是通过电磁铁17实现的，电磁铁17控制分级板16旋转进而推动倒L形支撑板13、13’的拨板13b克服自身重力扭矩旋转。当单链双托式果杯在传送轨道运送经过电磁拨动组件时，拨板13b受分级板16拨动向外侧转动，实现托班5的圆形托板5f翻转。
如图18所示，托盘4底部预留的圆孔处安装光谱检测探头24，遮光罩2上方两侧设有光源23。
本发明的具体工作过程是：
如图20所示，承托准球形水果18的果杯随传动链依次通过光谱检测工位A、轨道式称重工位B、分级工位C以及果杯随传动链旋转到输送生产线下方，果杯倒置后进入复位工位D。
如图18所示，果杯进入到光谱检测工位A时，托盘4预留的圆孔在经过光谱检测探头24时，准球形水果18在两边光源23的对射下，光谱检测探头24开始记录准球形水果18的光谱信息，托盘4上安装的遮光罩2和内衬垫3能够较大的减少光源23漏过的光及环境光，减少环境光对光谱检测精度的影响。
如图16所示，果杯进入到轨道式称重工位B时，托盘4的称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d进入称重轨道22，此时托盘4和托板5之间存在一定的间隙，根据结构设计，可使托板5的方孔5a、5d与托盘4称重脚4a、4d接触，托板5的方孔5b、5c与托盘4称重脚4b、4c不接触，此时托盘4前进的力来自于托板5的方孔5a、5d对托盘4称重脚4a、4d的推力，在此状态下，托板5与托盘4之间的摩擦最小，可最大程度减少托板5与托盘4之间摩擦对准球形水果18轨道式称重精度的影响。
如图17所示，托板5下方设有平行于传送轨道布置的斜坡引导轨道，斜坡引导轨道的两侧面为倾斜向下的斜面，两侧斜面之间的顶面为平面，顶面上安装有轨道式称重器22；在传送轨道运送果杯支撑架1移动、带动托板5移动到斜坡引导轨道的顶面上方时，托盘4下端的称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d受斜坡引导轨道的斜面引导而抬升高度，使得托盘4下端和托板5上端之间存在垂直距离，称重脚4a、4b、4c、4d落在轨道式称重器22上，从而实现轨道式称重器22称取且只称取遮光罩2、内衬垫3、托盘4和准球形水果18的重量。
如图6、图7、图14、图15所示，果杯进入分级工位C时，在相应的分级出口，电磁铁17向外侧旋转分级板16，此时果杯倒L形支撑板13的拨板13b沿着分级板16外侧垂直斜坡行进并逐渐倾斜，当倒L形支撑板13拨板13b倾斜到一定角度时，倒L形支撑板13的支撑板13a与托板5支撑脚5e分离，托板5倾斜，准球形水果18从托盘4上滚落到相应的分级口，完成分级后，倒L形支撑板13的支撑脚13a支撑着托板5支撑脚5e的下面。
如图19所示，果杯随传动链旋转到输送生产线下方时，果杯呈倒置状态，在输送生产线下方果杯传动链19上方设置有复位斜坡板25，果杯进入复位工位D时，倒置状态的完成分级的果杯进入复位斜坡板25，其托盘4称重脚(4a、 4b、4c、4d)与中间圆筒下端及托板5外沿沿着复位斜坡板25斜坡面行进，托板5倾斜角度变小，托板5戈形支撑脚5e撬起倒L形支撑板13的支撑板13a，当托板5戈形支撑脚5e末端恰好经过倒L形支撑板13的支撑板13a末端时，倒L形支撑板13的支撑板13a由于中扭簧15的扭矩作用，倒L形支撑板13的支撑板13a回到与托板5戈形支撑脚5e接触的状态，此时托板5、托盘4及托盘4所连接的内衬垫3、遮光罩2回复成水平状态，果杯完成复位。
本发明能够实现直径30mm-120mm之间大小不同、近似球形的水果稳定、连续的进行输送、轨道式称重、光谱检测、分选分级功能，其托盘和托板分离，托盘称重脚穿过托板设方孔，能够减少果蔬称重过程的摩擦影响，提高果蔬称重精度；托盘上安装有遮光罩和内衬垫，能够有效减少环境光对果蔬光谱检测的影响，提高光谱检测精度；倒L形支撑板与扭簧结合的设计使托板和托盘翻转效率提高，翻转效果好；果杯为单链输送且有两排托盘，能够有效提高生产效率。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何细微修改、等同替换和改进，均应包含在本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，包括单链双托式果杯，单链双托式果杯布置在传送轨道上，其特征在于：单链双托式果杯包括果杯支撑架(1)、遮光罩(2)、内衬垫(3)、托盘(4)、托板(5)和倒L形支撑板(13)；果杯支撑架(1)沿传送轨道的两侧对称均铰接有托板(5)，托板(5)上放置有托盘(4)，托盘(4)上安装有遮光罩(2)，遮光罩(2)上放置准球形水果；果杯支撑架(1)沿传送轨道的前后端面均铰接有倒L形支撑板(13、13’)，两个倒L形支撑板(13、13’)分别向两侧的托板(5)延伸并配合连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的果杯支撑架(1)主要由顶部的面板(1a)和底部的基座(1b)构成，两个托板(5、5’)分别通过各自的侧边转轴(10、10’)铰接于果杯支撑架(1)面板(1a)两侧，两个托板(5、5’)以果杯支撑架(1)对称布置，侧边转轴(10、10’)分别穿过侧扭簧(11、12、11’、12’)，侧扭簧(11、12、11’、12’)两端分别连接于托板(5、5’)和果杯支撑架(1)面板(1a)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的两个倒L形支撑板(13、13’)通过同一根中间转轴(14)铰接于果杯支撑架(1)面板(1a)端面中间，每个倒L形支撑板(13、13’)和果杯支撑架(1)的面板(1a)之间的中间转轴(14)上套装有中扭簧(15、15’)，中扭簧(15、15’)两端分别连接于果杯支撑架(1)面板(1a)和倒L形支撑板(13、13’)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的遮光罩(2)顶部主要由多个扇形遮光板(2a)拼接而成，扇形遮光板(2a)围成一圈组成一个空心环面，相邻扇形遮光板(2a)相互之间留有空隙；遮光罩(2)底部开有卡扣式圆形阶梯槽(2b)，托盘(4)顶部设有与遮光罩(2)内部卡扣式圆形阶梯槽(2b)配合的凸缘，托盘(4)顶部装在遮光罩(2)底部内使得凸缘嵌装于卡扣式圆形阶梯槽(2b)形成轴向限位固定。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的托盘(4)下端连接有四个称重脚(4a、4b、4c、4d)，托板(5)上端设有与四个称重脚(4a、4b、4c、4d)对应的四个方孔(5a、5b、5c、5d)，托盘(4)下端连接到托板(5)上端时四个称重脚(4a、4b、4c、4d)向下穿过各自的方孔(5a、5b、5c、5d)形成安装定位；称重脚(4a、4b、4c、4d)穿过各自方孔(5a、5b、5c、5d)后的脚端部安装有限位销(6、7、8、9)，方孔(5a、 5b、5c、5d)尺寸比限位销(6、7、8、9)的长度小；托板(5)下方设有平行于传送轨道布置的斜坡引导轨道，斜坡引导轨道的两侧面为倾斜向下的斜面，两侧斜面之间的顶面为平面，顶面上安装有轨道式称重器(22)；在传送轨道运送果杯支撑架(1)移动、带动托板(5)移动到斜坡引导轨道的顶面上方时，托盘(4)下端的称重脚(4a、4b、4c、4d)受斜坡引导轨道的斜面引导而抬升高度，使得托盘(4)下端和托板(5)上端之间存在垂直距离，称重脚(4a、4b、4c、4d)落在轨道式称重器(22)上，从而实现轨道式称重器(22)称取且只称取遮光罩(2)、内衬垫(3)、托盘(4)和准球形水果(18)的重量。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的托板(5)主要由圆形托板(5f)和戈形支撑脚(5e)刚性连接构成，戈形支撑脚(5e)和圆形托板(5f)之间的连接处设置侧边转轴(10、10’)，连接处通过侧边转轴(10、10’)铰接于果杯支撑架(1)的面板(1a)，戈形支撑脚(5e)和圆形托板(5f)以钝角夹角连接；
    所述的倒L形支撑板(13)主要由支撑板(13a)和拨板(13b)刚性连接构成，支撑板(13a)和拨板(13b)之间的连接处设置中间转轴(14)，连接处通过中间转轴(14)铰接于果杯支撑架(1)面板(1a)，支撑板(13a)和拨板(13b)以锐角夹角连接，拨板(13b)向托板(5)延伸布置并与托板(5)的戈形支撑脚(5e)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：当倒L形支撑板(13)仅受自身重力扭矩作用下时，拨板(13b)紧贴果杯支撑架(1)基座(1b)的竖直侧面，支撑板(13a)端部连接到戈形支撑脚(5e)的中间分支臂和主体部的短臂之间处，并且支撑板(13a)表面和戈形支撑脚(5e)的中间分支臂表面紧贴接触，使得支撑板(13a)支撑起戈形支撑脚(5e)，支撑板(13a)与戈形支撑脚(5e)主体部构成的夹角θ大于90°，并且圆形托板(5f)呈水平状态布置。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：当倒L形支撑板(13)受反自身重力扭矩作用时，拨板(13b)向远离果杯支撑架(1)基座(1b)竖直侧面方向转动，支撑板(13a)转动脱离戈形支撑脚(5e)，圆形托板(5f)在自身重力扭矩及托盘(4)、内衬垫(3)、遮光罩(2)、准球形水果(18)重力扭矩作用下倾斜翻转，上面的准球形水果(18)侧方掉落，实现准球形水果(18)分级。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：当倒L形支撑板(13)受反自身重力扭矩作用后恢复仅受自身重力扭 矩作用，拨板(13b)表面连接到戈形支撑脚(5e)主体部的短臂，将戈形支撑脚(5e)压接到果杯支撑架(1)的面板(1a)底面。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的侧扭簧(11、12、11’、12’)为托板(5、5’)提供与铰接旋转过程中重力(G1)扭矩相反方向的扭矩，实现托板(5、5’)克服重力(G1)的旋转翻转过程平缓。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的中扭簧(15、15’)为倒L形支撑板(13、13’)提供与铰接旋转过程中重力(G2)扭矩相同方向的扭矩，实现倒L形支撑板(13、13’)克服重力(G1)的旋转翻转过程平缓。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的传送轨道包括传动链(19)、轨道(20)、轨道型材(21)和轨道式称重(22)，轨道(20)固定布置于轨道型材(21)上，传动链(19)安装在轨道(20)上沿轨道(20)移动，果杯支撑架(1)的基座(1b)安装连接于传动链(19)上，依靠传动链(19)来带动果杯支撑架(1)，进而带动单链双托式果杯输送。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置，其特征在于：所述的传动链(19)位于分级出口位置的一段设有电磁拨动组件，电磁拨动组件包括电磁铁(17)和分级板(16)，电磁铁(17)与分级板(16)连接，电磁铁(17)控制分级板(16)旋转进而推动倒L形支撑板(13、13’)克服自身重力扭矩和中扭簧(15、15’)因旋转形成的扭矩旋转。
PCT/CN2018/084332 2018-03-12 2018-04-25 用于果蔬分选的单链双托式果杯装置 WO2019174107A1 (zh)

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