WO2019169629A1 - 驻车锁止器 - Google Patents

驻车锁止器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019169629A1
WO2019169629A1 PCT/CN2018/078601 CN2018078601W WO2019169629A1 WO 2019169629 A1 WO2019169629 A1 WO 2019169629A1 CN 2018078601 W CN2018078601 W CN 2018078601W WO 2019169629 A1 WO2019169629 A1 WO 2019169629A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parking lock
roller assembly
positioning pin
pawl
roller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/078601
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
甘伟彪
吉裕兰
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
甘伟彪
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 甘伟彪 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to DE112018007249.5T priority Critical patent/DE112018007249T5/de
Priority to CN201880073938.2A priority patent/CN111356865B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/078601 priority patent/WO2019169629A1/zh
Publication of WO2019169629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019169629A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3425—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission characterised by pawls or wheels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a parking lock for a motor vehicle transmission.
  • Parking locks are used in motor vehicle transmissions to ensure that accidental slippage does not occur when the vehicle is parked.
  • a guide rod 90 is mounted on a bottom plate 10 as a base member of a parking lock, and the roller unit 30 can be axially along the guide rod 90.
  • an actuator spring 20 is fitted over the guide bar 90.
  • the pawl 60 is rotatably mounted to the base plate 10 by a pawl shaft 70 on which a torsion spring 80 for abutting the pawl profile 40 against the rollers of the roller unit 30 is disposed.
  • the roller unit 30 swings the pawl 60 about the pawl shaft 70 by the undulating pawl profile 40.
  • the above parking lock has the following disadvantages: (1) since the length of the execution spring 20 is large, the overall length of the parking lock is long; (2) in order to ensure that the pawl 60 is in the non-P gear (parking) The positioning of the time requires a torsion spring 80 of a large torque, resulting in a spring 20 that requires a large force (length).
  • An aspect of the invention aims to propose a parking lock which makes the overall size of the parking lock more compact, in particular the size of the parking lock in the direction of movement of the roller assembly.
  • the invention provides a parking locker comprising:
  • a positioning pin mounted to the base member, configured as an elastic member capable of being compressed and restored to its original shape, and having a spring end;
  • a pawl that is rotatably mounted relative to the base member
  • roller assembly including a roller frame and a profile plate fixedly mounted to the roller frame, a spring end of the positioning pin abutting the profile plate, and the roller assembly via the roller frame Movably mounted to the base member relative to the base member, movement of the roller assembly capable of swinging the pawl,
  • the direction of the spring of the locating pin is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the roller assembly.
  • the housing of the locating pin is fixedly mounted to the base member, the resilient end of the locating pin is resiliently pressed against the surface of the profile plate, at least a portion of the profile plate The surface forms an angle of not 90 degrees with the direction of the spring of the locating pin.
  • the resilient end of the locating pin moves on the profile plate during movement of the roller assembly relative to the base member, the locating pin being opposite the The distance between the housing fixed to the base member and the profile plate varies along the direction of the elastic force.
  • At least a portion of the surface of the profile plate that contacts the resilient end of the locating pin forms an angle of non-90 degrees with the direction of movement of the roller assembly.
  • the base member is provided with a guiding groove
  • the roller frame is provided with a guiding portion
  • the guiding portion projects into the guiding groove, so that the roller assembly is along the guiding The slot moves relative to the base member.
  • two or more rollers are rotatably mounted on the roller frame, the rollers abutting the base member and the pawl.
  • the profile plate includes a sliding section and a stop section, the sliding section and the positioning pin being configured such that: at each contact point where the positioning pin contacts the sliding section, The return spring of the locating pin each has a component that moves the roller assembly toward the park lock position of the roller assembly.
  • the profile plate includes a sliding segment and a stop segment, the sliding segment and the stop segment being inclined in opposite directions relative to a direction of movement of the roller assembly.
  • the profile plate includes a sliding segment and a stop segment, the angle of the sliding segment being less than 45° and greater than 5° with the direction of movement of the roller assembly.
  • the angle between the sliding segment and the direction of movement of the roller assembly is 15°.
  • the pawl includes a latching portion
  • the roller frame is provided with a bent portion configured to hook in an unlocked state of the parking locker Said the engagement department.
  • the engaging portion is formed at one end of the pawl away from the pivot axis of the pawl.
  • the size of the parking lock in the moving direction of the roller assembly is effectively shortened by intersecting the direction of the spring force of the positioning pin with the moving direction of the roller assembly, particularly vertically (including substantially vertical).
  • the torsion of the torsion spring of the pawl can be reduced, and the torsion spring can be reduced. size.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a prior art parking lock in a locked state.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a parking lock according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a roller assembly and a pawl of a parking lock according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another angle of the roller assembly and the pawl of the parking lock according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the parking lock in a disengaged state in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the parking lock in a locked state in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the structure of a type of wiring plate of a parking lock according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • bottom plate 20 performs spring 30 roller unit 40 pawl profile 50 execution surface 60 pawl 70 pawl shaft 80 torsion spring 90 guide rod
  • the present invention provides a parking lock that includes a housing 1, a roller assembly 4, a pawl 3, a locating pin 5, and an actuator 2.
  • the roller assembly 4 is slidably mounted to the outer casing 1 with respect to the outer casing 1 as a base member of the parking lock
  • the pawl 3 is rotatably mounted to the outer casing 1 by a pawl shaft 6
  • the positioning pin 5 is mounted to the outer casing 1
  • the actuator 2 is used to apply an execution force (thrust) to the roller assembly 4.
  • the two side plates 12 are joined by a top plate 11 to form a casing 1 having a U-shaped cross section.
  • the positioning pin 5 is attached to the mounting portion 14 on the top plate 11.
  • the positioning pin 5 is an elastic member having elasticity in the axial direction of the positioning pin 5, and the positioning pin 5 can be compressed in the axial direction thereof and has an elastic force (i.e., a return elastic force) restored to the original state (original length).
  • the positioning pin 5 includes a housing 51, a pin (spring end) 52 that protrudes from the housing 51, and a spring (not shown) that is mounted between the housing 51 and the pin 52.
  • the housing 51 is fixedly mounted to the top plate 11.
  • At least one of the two side plates 12 is provided with a guiding groove 13, and the extending direction of the guiding groove 13 (the moving direction of the roller assembly 4) is perpendicular (including substantially perpendicular) to the axial direction of the positioning pin 5.
  • the roller assembly 4 includes a roller frame 41, a profile plate 42, a first roller 44, and a second roller 45.
  • the first roller 44 and the second roller 45 are vertically opposed to each other and rotatably attached to the roller frame 41.
  • the first roller 44 abuts against the inner surface of the top plate 11, and the second roller 45 abuts against the pawl profile 32 of the pawl 3.
  • the roller frame 41 is provided with a guide portion 43 in the form of a stud, and the guide portion 43 can protrude into the guide groove 13 to allow the roller frame 41 to slide along the extending direction of the guide groove 13.
  • the guide groove 13 can also function to define the range of movement of the roller frame 41. During the sliding of the roller frame 41 along the extending direction of the guide groove 13, the first roller 44 rolls on the top plate 11, and the second roller 45 rolls on the pawl profile 32 of the pawl 3.
  • a profile plate 42 is fixedly mounted on the roller frame 41, and the profile plate 42 can be coupled to both side walls of the roller frame 41.
  • the pin 52 of the positioning pin 5 abuts against the surface of the profile plate 42.
  • the profile plate 42 includes a sliding section 421 and a stop section 422 having an angle of less than 90 degrees between the extending direction of the guiding groove 13 and the axial direction of the positioning pin 5.
  • the roller assembly 4 can slide in the second direction (to the right) in the extending direction of the guide groove 13 by the elastic force F of the positioning pin 5.
  • the axial direction of the positioning pin 5 (the direction of the elastic force F, the direction of the elastic force) forms an angle of less than 90 degrees with the stop section 422.
  • the sliding section 421 and the stopping section 422 are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the moving direction of the roller assembly 4.
  • the angle between the sliding section 421 and the moving direction of the roller assembly 4 is less than 45° and greater than 5°, and the smaller the angle is, the more space is saved in the axial direction of the positioning pin 5, correspondingly,
  • the required return spring force of the positioning pin 5 is also larger, and the angle is more preferably 15°.
  • the profile plate 42 is formed with a recess at the boundary between the sliding section 421 and the stop section 422.
  • the profile plate 42 can have a generally V-shaped configuration.
  • the roller assembly 4 can stop moving when the pin 52 of the positioning pin 5 is located in the recess.
  • the direction of the spring force F of the positioning pin 5 intersects, in particular perpendicularly, the direction in which the roller assembly 4 slides in the outer casing 1, thereby shortening the length of the parking lock in the direction of movement of the roller assembly 4.
  • the roller frame 41 is provided with a bent portion 46.
  • the bent portion 46 can be engaged with the engaging portion 33 on the pawl 3, so that the pawl 3 is Hook and not fall.
  • the bent portion 46 may be formed at a lower portion of the lateral wall connecting the two side walls of the roller frame 41.
  • the pawl 3 includes a pawl profile 32, a ratchet 31, and an engaging portion 33.
  • the pawl profile 32 includes a recess 321 and a projection 322 that abut the second roller 45.
  • the concave portion 321 and the convex portion 322 of the pawl profile 32 are located at one end of the pawl 3 away from the pawl shaft 6.
  • the ratchet teeth 31 are formed on the opposite side of the pawl profile 32 away from the end of the ratchet shaft 6, and can be parked in the backlash of the parking lock gear (not shown) to achieve parking.
  • a torsion spring 7 is provided between the pawl 3 and the outer casing 1, and the torsion force of the torsion spring 7 enables the pawl profile 32 of the pawl 3 to abut against the second roller 45.
  • the engaging portion 33 is formed at one end of the pawl 3 away from the pawl shaft 6 and can be hooked by the bent portion 46.
  • the pawl 3 is not only retained by the torsion of the torsion spring 7 The position is more reliable by hooking the engaging portion 33 by the bent portion 46, thereby improving safety.
  • the actuator 2 pushes the roller assembly 4 to the left to move the profile plate 42 to the left, and the edge between the surface of the sliding section 421 of the profile plate 42 and the mounting portion 14
  • the distance of the direction of the elastic force F of the pin 5 is gradually reduced, so that the positioning pin 5 is compressed by the sliding section 421 of the profile plate 42.
  • the second roller 45 is pushed to a position corresponding to the concave portion 321 of the pawl profile 32.
  • the pawl 3 swings counterclockwise with the pawl shaft 6 as a shaft under the torsion of the torsion spring 7, so that the recessed portion 321 abuts against the surface of the second roller 45, thereby lifting the ratchet 31 and disengaging the parking lock gear.
  • the bent portion 46 hooks the engaging portion 33 to prevent the pawl 3 from moving to the parking lock gear, and the parking lock is in the final lock-off state. Since the bent portion 46 reliably hooks the engaging portion 33, it is not necessary to maintain the position of the pawl 3 only by the torsion of the torsion spring 7, so that the torsion spring 7 having a small torque can be selected.
  • the actuator 2 is released, and the elastic force F of the positioning pin 5 causes the profile plate 42 to move to the right with the roller frame 41, and the positioning pin 5 slides on the surface of the sliding section 421 to gradually elongate.
  • the bent portion 46 is disengaged from the engaging portion 33.
  • the second roller 45 is moved to a position corresponding to the convex portion 322 of the pawl profile 32.
  • the pawl 3 is swung clockwise against the torsion of the torsion spring 7 with the pawl shaft 6 as an axis, so that the ratchet 31 is lowered and snapped into the backlash of the parking lock gear, and the parking lock is in the locked state.
  • rollers are provided and the two rollers are arranged up and down on the roller frame 41, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the axial direction of the positioning pin 5 (the direction of the elastic force F) may also form a right angle with the stop section 422, i.e., the elastic force F of the positioning pin 5 can be applied perpendicularly to the surface of the stop section 422 of the type wiring plate 42.
  • profile plate 42 can also be presented as a sloping plate.
  • the profile plate 42 is not limited to a composite of a flat plate or a plurality of flat plates.
  • at least a portion of the profile plate 42 can be curved.
  • the elastic direction of the positioning pin 5 and the profile plate 42 The surface is not vertical.
  • the pin 52 of the positioning pin 5 slides with respect to the profile plate 42, however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a roller capable of rotating relative to the pin 52 can be attached to the tip end of the pin 52 of the positioning pin 5, so that the roller of the positioning pin 5 rolls relative to the profile plate 4, thereby reducing the contact resistance.
  • the engaging portion 33 and the bent portion 46 of the present invention can be applied to parking locks of other configurations, for example, to the prior art parking lock shown in FIG.
  • the torsion and size of the torsion spring 80 can be reduced, thereby reducing the length of the execution spring 20 and the entire parking. The length of the lock.
  • the actuator 2 may be various types of mechanisms such as a motor-drive mechanism and a hydraulic mechanism.
  • the parking lock provided by the present invention can be used for, but not limited to, an AT (Automatic Transmission), a DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission), a CVT (CVT), and an automated manual transmission.
  • AT Automatic Transmission
  • DCT Direct Clutch Transmission
  • CVT CVT
  • the parking lock provided by the present invention can be used for, but not limited to, for gasoline/diesel power, electric and hybrid vehicles.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种驻车锁止器，其包括：基部构件；定位销（5），其安装到所述基部构件，被构造成能够被压缩以及恢复原状的弹性构件，且具有弹动端；棘爪（3），其能相对于所述基部构件转动地安装；滚子组件（4），其包括滚子架（41）和固定安装到所述滚子架（41）的型线板（42），所述定位销（5）的弹动端抵接所述型线板（42），所述滚子组件（4）经由所述滚子架（41）相对于所述基部构件可移动地安装到所述基部构件，所述滚子组件（4）的移动能够使所述棘爪（3）摆动，所述定位销（5）的复位弹力驱动所述型线板（42）移动，从而使所述滚子组件（4）相对于所述基部构件移动直到驻车锁止状态，所述定位销（5）的弹力方向与所述滚子组件（4）的移动方向相交。

Description

驻车锁止器 技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车变速器的驻车锁止器。
背景技术
驻车锁止器被应用在机动车变速器内，用于保证车辆驻车时不发生意外的滑移。如图1所示，在一种现有的驻车锁止器中，将导向杆90安装在作为驻车锁止器的基部构件的底板10上，滚子单元30能够沿导向杆90轴向滑动地安装，并且在导向杆90上套有执行弹簧20。棘爪60通过棘爪轴70可转动地安装于底板10上，在棘爪轴70上设置有使棘爪型面40抵在滚子单元30的滚子上的扭簧80。滚子单元30通过凹凸起伏的棘爪型面40使棘爪60绕棘爪轴70摆动。当执行机构(未示出)推动滚子单元30的执行面50使滚子单元30向左移动时，棘爪60向上(逆时针)摆动，实现驻车释放。当执行机构释放，滚子单元30在执行弹簧20的作用下向右移动，棘爪60向下(顺时针)摆动，实现驻车锁止。
上述驻车锁止器具有如下缺点：(1)由于执行弹簧20的长度较大，驻车锁止器的整体长度较长；(2)为了保证棘爪60在非P挡(驻车挡)时的定位，需要较大扭力的扭簧80，导致需要较大力(长度)的执行弹簧20。
发明内容
本发明的一方面旨在提出一种驻车锁止器，其使驻车锁止器的整体尺寸更紧凑，尤其是减小驻车锁止器在滚子组件移动方向上的尺寸。
本发明提供一种驻车锁止器，其包括：
基部构件；
定位销，其安装到所述基部构件，被构造成能够被压缩以及恢复原状的弹性构件，且具有弹动端；
棘爪，其能相对于所述基部构件转动地安装；
滚子组件，其包括滚子架和固定安装到所述滚子架的型线板，所述定位销的弹动端抵接所述型线板，所述滚子组件经由所述滚子架相对于所述基部构件可移动地安装到所述基部构件，所述滚子组件的移动能够使所述棘爪摆动，
所述定位销的复位弹力驱动所述型线板移动，从而使所述滚子组件相对于所述基部构件移动直到驻车锁止状态，所述定位销的弹力方向与所述滚子组件的移动方向相交。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述定位销的弹力方向与所述滚子组件的移动方向垂直。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述定位销的壳体固定安装到所述基部构件，所述定位销的弹动端弹性压抵于所述型线板的表面，所述型线板的至少一部分的表面与所述定位销的弹力方向形成非90度的夹角。
在至少一个实施方式中，在所述滚子组件相对于所述基部构件移动的过程中，所述定位销的弹动端在所述型线板上移动，所述定位销的相对于所述基部构件固定的壳体与所述型线板之间的沿着所述弹力方向的距离发生变化。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述型线板的与所述定位销的弹动端接触的至少部分表面与所述滚子组件的移动方向形成非90度的夹角。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述基部构件设置有引导槽，所述滚子架设置有导向部，所述导向部伸入所述引导槽中，从而使所述滚子组件沿着所述引导槽相对于所述基部构件移动。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述滚子架上能转动地安装有两个或更多个滚子，所述滚子抵接于所述基部构件和所述棘爪。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述型线板包括滑动段和停止段，所述滑动段和所述定位销被构造成使得：在所述定位销与所述滑动段接触的各接触点，所述定位销的复位弹力均具有使所述滚子组件朝所述滚子组件的驻车锁止位置移动的分量。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述型线板包括滑动段和停止段，所述滑动段和所述停止段相对于所述滚子组件的移动方向朝相反的方向倾斜。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述型线板包括滑动段和停止段，所述滑动段与所述滚子组件的移动方向的夹角小于45°且大于5°。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述滑动段与所述滚子组件的移动方向的夹角为15°。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述棘爪包括卡合部，所述滚子架设置有弯折部，所述弯折部被构造成在所述驻车锁止器的非锁止状态钩住所述卡合部。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述卡合部形成于所述棘爪的远离所述棘爪的摆动轴线的一端。
在上述方案中，通过使定位销的弹力方向与滚子组件的移动方向相交，特别是垂直(包括大致垂直)，有效缩短了驻车锁止器在滚子组件移动方向上的尺寸。
在至少一个方案中，通过滚子组件的弯折部在驻车锁止器的非锁止状态钩住棘爪的卡合部，能够减小棘爪的扭簧的扭力，减小扭簧的尺寸。
附图说明
图1示出了一种现有技术的驻车锁止器处在锁止状态的剖视图。
图2示出了根据本发明的实施方式的驻车锁止器的结构示意图。
图3示出了根据本发明的实施方式的驻车锁止器的滚子组件和棘爪的结构示意图。
图4示出了根据本发明的实施方式的驻车锁止器的滚子组件和棘爪的另一角度的结构示意图。
图5示出了根据本发明的实施方式的驻车锁止器处在脱开状态的剖视图。
图6示出了根据本发明的实施方式的驻车锁止器处在锁止状态的剖视图。
图7示出了根据本发明的实施方式的驻车锁止器的型线板的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
10底板 20执行弹簧 30滚子单元 40棘爪型面 50执行面 60棘爪 70棘爪轴 80扭簧 90导向杆
1外壳 11顶板 12侧板 13引导槽 14安装部 2执行机构 3棘爪 31棘齿 32棘爪型面 321凹部 322凸部 33卡合部 4滚子组件 41滚子架 42型线板 421滑动段 422停止段 43导向部 44第一滚子 45第二滚子 46弯折部 5定位销 51壳体 52销子 6棘爪轴 7扭簧 F弹力。
具体实施方式
如图2-图6所示，本发明提出了一种驻车锁止器，该驻车锁止器包括外壳1、滚子组件4、棘爪3、定位销5和执行机构2。滚子组件4可相对于作为驻车锁止器的基部构件的外壳1滑动地安装于外壳1，棘爪3通过棘爪轴6可转动 地安装于外壳1，定位销5安装于外壳1，执行机构2用于对滚子组件4施加执行力(推力)。
如图2所示，由一块顶板11连接两块侧板12形成截面呈“U”字型的外壳1。定位销5安装于顶板11上的安装部14。定位销5是沿定位销5的轴向具有弹性的弹性构件，定位销5能够沿其轴向被压缩，并具有恢复原状(原长)的弹力(即，复位弹力)。更具体地，定位销5包括壳体51、从壳体51伸出的销子(弹动端)52以及安装于壳体51和销子52之间的弹簧(未示出)。壳体51固定安装于顶板11。两块侧板12中的至少一块设置有引导槽13，引导槽13的延伸方向(滚子组件4的移动方向)与定位销5的轴向垂直(包括大致垂直)。
如图3-图6所示，滚子组件4包括滚子架41、型线板42、第一滚子44和第二滚子45。第一滚子44和第二滚子45上下相抵，并且可转动地安装于滚子架41。第一滚子44和顶板11的内表面相抵，第二滚子45和棘爪3的棘爪型面32相抵。滚子架41设置有突柱形式的导向部43，导向部43能够伸入引导槽13中，使滚子架41能够沿着引导槽13的延伸方向滑动。引导槽13还可以起到限定滚子架41的移动范围的作用。在滚子架41沿着引导槽13的延伸方向滑动的过程中，第一滚子44在顶板11上滚动，第二滚子45在棘爪3的棘爪型面32上滚动。
滚子架41上固定安装有型线板42，型线板42可以连接到滚子架41的两个侧壁。定位销5的销子52抵接于型线板42的表面。
型线板42包括滑动段421和停止段422，滑动段421的表面与引导槽13的延伸方向和定位销5的轴向之间均具有小于90度的夹角。执行机构2推动滚子架41沿引导槽13的延伸方向的第一方向滑动的过程中(滚子架41向左滑动)，定位销5在型线板42的滑动段421上滑动，安装部14与滑动段421的表面的距离连续变化而逐渐变小，定位销5被压缩。
在执行机构2释放(解除对滚子架41的推动)时，在定位销5的弹力F的 作用下，滚子组件4可以沿引导槽13的延伸方向的第二方向(向右)滑动。
定位销5的轴向(弹力F的方向，弹力方向)与停止段422形成小于90度的夹角。如图7所示，滑动段421和停止段422相对于滚子组件4的移动方向朝相反的方向倾斜。优选地，滑动段421与滚子组件4的移动方向的夹角小于45°且大于5°，在该角度范围内，角度越小，越节省定位销5的轴向上的空间，相应地，所需要的定位销5的复位弹力也越大，该夹角更优选地为15°。
型线板42在滑动段421和停止段422的交界处形成有凹部。例如，型线板42可以具有大致V字形结构。滚子组件4可以在定位销5的销子52位于该凹部时停止移动。
定位销5的弹力F的方向与滚子组件4在外壳1中滑动的方向相交，特别是垂直，从而缩短驻车锁止器在滚子组件4的移动方向上的长度。
滚子架41设置有弯折部46，在滚子架41沿引导槽13沿第一方向滑动过程中，弯折部46能够与棘爪3上的卡合部33配合，使棘爪3被钩住而不会落下。弯折部46可以形成于连接滚子架41的两个侧壁的横壁的下部。
如图5、图6所示，棘爪3包括棘爪型面32、棘齿31和卡合部33。棘爪型面32包括与第二滚子45相抵的凹部321和凸部322。
第二滚子45抵在棘爪型面32的凹部321时，棘齿31上抬(棘爪3逆时针摆动)。第二滚子45抵在棘爪型面32的凸部322时，棘齿31下压(棘爪3顺时针摆动)。
棘爪型面32的凹部321和凸部322位于棘爪3远离棘爪轴6的一端。棘齿31形成在远离棘齿轴6的一端的棘爪型面32的相反侧，能够卡在驻车锁止齿轮(未示出)的齿隙中实现驻车。棘爪3与外壳1之间设有扭簧7，扭簧7的扭力使棘爪3的棘爪型面32能够抵接于第二滚子45。
卡合部33形成于棘爪3远离棘爪轴6的一端，能够被弯折部46钩住，使棘爪3与驻车锁止齿轮脱开时不仅依靠扭簧7的扭力保持棘爪3位置，通过弯折 部46钩住卡合部33更可靠，提高安全性。
下面参照图5和图6进一步说明本实施方式的驻车锁止器的锁止脱开过程和锁止过程。
驻车锁止器的锁止脱开过程
从图6所示的锁止状态开始，执行机构2向左推动滚子组件4，使型线板42向左移动，型线板42的滑动段421的表面与安装部14之间的沿定位销5的弹力F的方向的距离逐渐减小，使定位销5被型线板42的滑动段421压缩。如图5所示，第二滚子45被推至对应于棘爪型面32的凹部321的位置。棘爪3在扭簧7的扭力作用下以棘爪轴6为轴逆时针摆动，使凹部321抵在第二滚子45的表面，从而使棘齿31抬起，脱离驻车锁止齿轮的齿隙。弯折部46钩住卡合部33，防止棘爪3向驻车锁止齿轮移动，驻车锁止器处于最终锁止脱开状态。由于弯折部46可靠地钩住卡合部33，不必仅通过扭簧7的扭力保持棘爪3的位置，从而可以选择扭力较小的扭簧7。
驻车锁止器的锁止过程
从图5所示的状态开始，执行机构2释放，定位销5的弹力F使型线板42带着滚子架41向右移动，定位销5在滑动段421的表面上滑动，逐渐伸长，并且弯折部46与卡合部33脱离。第二滚子45移动到对应于棘爪型面32的凸部322的位置。棘爪3克服扭簧7的扭力以棘爪轴6为轴顺时针摆动，从而使棘齿31下降，卡入驻车锁止齿轮的齿隙中，驻车锁止器处于锁止状态。
当然，本发明不限于上述实施方式，本领域技术人员在本发明的教导下可以对本发明的上述实施方式做出各种改变和变型，而不脱离本发明的范围。
(1)上述实施方式中，设有两个滚子并且两个滚子上下布置在滚子架41上，然而本发明不限于此。例如，还可以设置三个滚子并且三个滚子以三角形的形式布置在滚子架41上。
(2)定位销5的轴向(弹力F的方向)还可以与停止段422形成直角，即 定位销5的弹力F能够垂直地施加在型线板42的停止段422的表面上。
另外，型线板42还可以呈现为倾斜设置的平板。
另外，型线板42不限于是平板或多个平板的复合体。例如，型线板42的至少一部分可以呈弧线状。
为使型线板42和滚子组件4能够在定位销5的弹力的作用下朝向驻车锁止状态迁移，至少在最终的锁止脱开状态，定位销5的弹力方向与型线板42的表面不垂直。
(3)在上述实施方式中，定位销5的销子52相对于型线板42滑动，然而，本发明不限于此。例如，可以在定位销5的销子52的顶端安装能够相对于销子52转动的滚子，从而使定位销5的滚子相对于型线板4滚动，进而减小接触阻力。
(4)应当理解，在上述实施方式中，可以不设置卡合部33和弯折部46。
另外，本发明的卡合部33和弯折部46可以用于其它结构的驻车锁止器，例如，应用于图1所示的现有技术的驻车锁止器。在该卡合部33和弯折部46应用于图1所示的驻车锁止器的情况下，可以减小扭簧80的扭力和尺寸，进而减小执行弹簧20的长度和整个驻车锁止器的长度。
(5)应当理解，执行机构2相对于滚子组件4的位置可以适当地改变，而不限于附图中所示的位置。执行机构2可以是电动机构、液压机构等各种类型的机构。
(6)本发明提出的驻车锁止器可以用于、但不限于用于AT(自动变速器)、DCT(双离合变速器)、CVT(无级变速器)和手自一体变速器。
(7)本发明提出的驻车锁止器可以用于、但不限于用于汽油/柴油动力、电动和混合动力车辆。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种驻车锁止器，其包括：
    基部构件；
    定位销，其安装到所述基部构件，被构造成能够被压缩以及恢复原状的弹性构件，且具有弹动端；
    棘爪，其能相对于所述基部构件转动地安装；
    滚子组件，其包括滚子架和固定安装到所述滚子架的型线板，所述定位销的弹动端抵接所述型线板，所述滚子组件经由所述滚子架相对于所述基部构件可移动地安装到所述基部构件，所述滚子组件的移动能够使所述棘爪摆动，
    所述定位销的复位弹力驱动所述型线板移动，从而使所述滚子组件相对于所述基部构件移动直到驻车锁止状态，所述定位销的弹力方向与所述滚子组件的移动方向相交。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述定位销的弹力方向与所述滚子组件的移动方向垂直。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述定位销的壳体固定安装到所述基部构件，所述定位销的弹动端弹性压抵于所述型线板的表面，所述型线板的至少一部分的表面与所述定位销的弹力方向形成非90度的夹角。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，在所述滚子组件相对于所述基部构件移动的过程中，所述定位销的弹动端在所述型线板上移动，所述定位销的相对于所述基部构件固定的壳体与所述型线板之间的沿着所述弹力方向的距离发生变化。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述型线板的与所述定位销的弹动端接触的至少部分表面与所述滚子组件的移 动方向形成非90度的夹角。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述基部构件设置有引导槽，所述滚子架设置有导向部，所述导向部伸入所述引导槽中，从而使所述滚子组件沿着所述引导槽相对于所述基部构件移动。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述滚子架上能转动地安装有两个或更多个滚子，所述滚子抵接于所述基部构件和所述棘爪。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述型线板包括滑动段和停止段，所述滑动段和所述定位销被构造成使得：在所述定位销与所述滑动段接触的各接触点，所述定位销的复位弹力均具有使所述滚子组件朝所述滚子组件的驻车锁止位置移动的分量。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述型线板包括滑动段和停止段，所述滑动段和所述停止段相对于所述滚子组件的移动方向朝相反的方向倾斜。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述型线板包括滑动段和停止段，所述滑动段与所述滚子组件的移动方向的夹角小于45°且大于5°。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述滑动段与所述滚子组件的移动方向的夹角为15°。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述棘爪包括卡合部，所述滚子架设置有弯折部，所述弯折部被构造成在所述驻车锁止器的非锁止状态钩住所述卡合部。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的驻车锁止器，其特征在于，所述卡合部形成于所述棘爪的远离所述棘爪的摆动轴线的一端。
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EP3943784A1 (en) * 2020-07-21 2022-01-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle parking lock mechanism
CN112360975A (zh) * 2020-10-31 2021-02-12 重庆青山工业有限责任公司 一种汽车变速器的驻车机构

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