WO2019153631A1 - 线路板的良品率预测方法 - Google Patents

线路板的良品率预测方法 Download PDF

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WO2019153631A1
WO2019153631A1 PCT/CN2018/093635 CN2018093635W WO2019153631A1 WO 2019153631 A1 WO2019153631 A1 WO 2019153631A1 CN 2018093635 W CN2018093635 W CN 2018093635W WO 2019153631 A1 WO2019153631 A1 WO 2019153631A1
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Prior art keywords
yield
item
capability
circuit board
calibration
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PCT/CN2018/093635
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English (en)
French (fr)
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廉泽阳
李娟�
李艳国
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广州兴森快捷电路科技有限公司
深圳市兴森快捷电路科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019153631A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019153631A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0639Performance analysis of employees; Performance analysis of enterprise or organisation operations
    • G06Q10/06395Quality analysis or management

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of circuit board processing, in particular to a method for predicting the yield of a circuit board.
  • the production yield rate of the circuit board cannot be determined, and the increase rate, production period and processing cost of the circuit board cannot be effectively estimated, which greatly plagues the production estimation, and cannot make reasonable and effective production arrangements, affecting The productivity of the enterprise.
  • a method for predicting the yield of a circuit board includes the following steps:
  • the yield prediction method of the above-mentioned circuit board determines the yield rate of the circuit board processing by the second equation, and not only considers the process yield problem corresponding to each process, but also considers between the preset processing capability required by the product and the actual processing capability.
  • the differentiation is given in the form of the difficulty coefficient, so that the yield prediction of the circuit board can be calculated and predicted in a quantitative manner, thereby solving the problem that the yield rate cannot be effectively estimated during the production of the circuit board, thereby making reasonable and effective problems. Production arrangements to improve production efficiency.
  • step (3) the determination of the difficulty coefficient ⁇ includes the following steps:
  • the preset capability item refers to the relevant requirements of the circuit board
  • the preset yield is the yield of the corresponding requirement item
  • the calibration capability item corresponds to the relevant requirement item of the preset capability item
  • the calibration capability item is determined to be caused by the actual production in the enterprise.
  • the calibration yield is the yield corresponding to the calibration capability item.
  • the calibration yield is used as the benchmark.
  • the ratio of the preset yield to the calibration yield is taken as the difficulty factor of the board processing to consider the demand capability and actuality. The ability to influence the yield of the board processing.
  • the determining of the calibration capability item comprises the following steps:
  • each defect term corresponding to d 1 , d 2 , d 3 ⁇ d k is a calibration capability term
  • the fourth equation is: d 1 +d 2 +d 3 + ⁇ +d k ⁇ D; d 1 >d 2 >d 3 > ⁇ >d k ,k is a defect
  • D is the preset total value of the main scrapped area.
  • the calibration yield corresponding to the calibration capability item is given, and the method for determining the calibration capability item is given.
  • the defect item includes a hole-to-conductor capability item, an outer layer spacing capability item, a filming capability item, a solder resist-to-graphic capability item, a bridge-breaking capability item, a double-sided window opening minimum aperture capability item, and an inner layer. At least one of a line width capability item, an outer line width capability item, and a thickness to diameter ratio capability item.
  • the defect items include multiple items. In the processing of different required circuit boards, the main defects of the circuit board may be different. Therefore, it is necessary to determine according to the specific circuit board processing requirements.
  • the preset capability item selects an item corresponding to the calibration capability item to determine a third-party program; when k ⁇ j, the calibration capability item selects an item corresponding to the preset capability item to determine the item.
  • the obtaining of the calibration yield Cj comprises the following steps:
  • the production process can enhance the yield of circuit board processing by strengthening management. Therefore, considering management factors, adding a management item based on the benchmark yield to improve yield and obtain yield data is one of the yields.
  • Data calculation method considering the main defect item causing scrapping of the circuit board, that is, the calibration capability item, each calibration capability item corresponds to a plurality of calibration capability sub-items, and the standard stator yield corresponding to each calibration capability sub-item is counted, according to each calibration capability.
  • the target stator yield corresponding to the item can determine the yield.
  • This is another method for calculating the yield data. Since the data obtained by the two methods are consistent, the fifth equation is obtained by equalizing the two, due to the calibration capability. There are multiple sub-items. When one of the yield combinations corresponding to each calibration capability sub-item just satisfies the fifth equation, the yield of each calibration capability sub-item corresponding to the yield combination is the target stator yield.
  • the preset primary scrapped area has a total value of 70%-90%, and the preset management item has an improved yield M of 3%-10%.
  • the specific calculation data range is given as the parameter selection at the time of calculation.
  • step (4) further comprising: determining whether there is a special process according to a preset requirement of the circuit board, if yes, performing step (s1); otherwise, performing step (s2);
  • Step (s1) respectively obtaining a special process yield t m corresponding to each special process, and determining a yield rate R of the circuit board processing based on the sixth equation;
  • Step (s2) performing step (4)
  • the special process includes at least one of a buried copper process, a gold finger process, a blind via process, a buried capacitor process, a buried resistor process, a local mixed process, and a back drilling process.
  • a buried copper process a gold finger process, a blind via process, a buried capacitor process, a buried resistor process, a local mixed process, and a back drilling process.
  • step (2) the determination of the process yield A i is based on historical production data statistics.
  • the determination of the process yield is based on the historical production data of the enterprise and is statistically and processed. It is used as a reference for subsequent processing and production arrangements to improve production efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting the yield of a circuit board.
  • a method for predicting the yield of a circuit board includes the following steps:
  • the yield rate of the circuit board processing By determining the yield rate of the circuit board processing by the second equation, not only the process yield problem corresponding to each process is considered, but also the difference between the preset processing capability and the actual processing capability required by the product is given in the form of a difficulty coefficient. Given that the yield prediction of the circuit board can be calculated and predicted in a quantitative manner, thereby solving the problem that the yield rate cannot be effectively predicted during the production of the circuit board, thereby making reasonable and effective production arrangements and improving production efficiency.
  • the process here refers to the necessary processes required for the production of conventional circuit boards, such as internal dry film/etching, AOI, lamination, drilling, resin drilling, back drilling, and copper sinking;
  • the preset processing capability refers to the processing capability required by the preset demand circuit board, and the actual processing capability refers to the conventional processing capability that the producer can actually achieve;
  • the determination of the difficulty coefficient can be determined based on the processing experience, such as comparing the preset processing capability with the actual processing capability based on experience and giving the corresponding difficulty coefficient; the corresponding difficulty coefficient can also be determined based on the historical processing data as a prediction; The appropriate difficulty coefficient is determined based on the existing data search related data; the maximum value of the difficulty coefficient is 1.
  • step (3) the determination of the difficulty coefficient ⁇ includes the following steps:
  • the preset capability item refers to the relevant requirements of the circuit board
  • the preset yield is the yield of the corresponding requirement item
  • the calibration capability item corresponds to the relevant requirement item of the preset capability item
  • the calibration capability item is determined to be caused by the actual production in the enterprise.
  • the calibration yield is the yield corresponding to the calibration capability item.
  • the calibration yield is used as the benchmark.
  • the ratio of the preset yield to the calibration yield is taken as the difficulty factor of the board processing to consider the demand capability and actuality. The ability to influence the yield of the board processing.
  • the determining of the calibration capability item includes the following steps:
  • each defect term corresponding to d 1 , d 2 , d 3 ⁇ d k is a calibration capability term
  • the fourth equation is: d 1 +d 2 +d 3 + ⁇ +d k ⁇ D; d 1 >d 2 >d 3 > ⁇ >d k ,k is a defect
  • D is the preset total value of the main scrapped area.
  • the calibration yield corresponding to the calibration capability item is given, and the method for determining the calibration capability item is given.
  • the defect items include a hole-to-conductor capability item, an outer layer spacing capability item, a film-capacity capability item, a solder resist-to-graphic capability item, a bridge-breaking capability item, a double-sided window opening minimum aperture capability item, and an inner layer line width capability item. At least one of the outer line width capability item and the thickness to diameter ratio capability item.
  • the defect items include multiple items. In the processing of different required circuit boards, the main defects of the circuit board may be different. Therefore, it is necessary to determine according to the specific circuit board processing requirements.
  • the preset capability item selects an item corresponding to the calibration capability item to determine a third-party program
  • the calibration capability item selects an item corresponding to the preset capability item to determine a third-party program. Since the number of preset capability items and the determined number of calibration capability items may be different, if the two are different, corresponding processing is performed according to the specific situation to obtain a corresponding difficulty coefficient.
  • the preset capability item is directly preset, such as the customer directly gives the order, therefore, the preset capability item is related to the required board requirements; and the calibration capability item is determined by the enterprise according to the production demand. Therefore, therefore, the number of items of the preset capability item may not be the same as or correspond to the number of items of the calibration capability item.
  • the preset capability item includes a hole-to-conductor capability item and an outer layer spacing capability item
  • the calibration capability item includes a hole-to-conductor capability item, a solder-resistance to graphic capability item, and a bridge-off capability item.
  • the preset capability item is the specific production requirement of the circuit board given by the customer, and the calibration capability item is a few items with a high scrap rate, so:
  • the reason for this processing is that when the number of items of the calibration capability item is less than the number of items of the preset capability item, the item having no corresponding relationship may exist in the calibration capability item, or may exist in the preset capability item.
  • the customer When there is no corresponding item in the calibration capability item, it means that the customer only has requirements for some of the defects that cause the board to be scrapped, and the requirement is less than the number of defects counted by the enterprise itself. Therefore, these customers There is no requirement, that is, there is no difficulty in the part, that is, the processing difficulty coefficient of the item having no corresponding relationship is 1; and when the item having no corresponding relationship exists in the preset capability item, the customer is defective in causing the circuit board to be scrapped.
  • the processing difficulty factor of this part is 1. Therefore, only the calibration capability is considered.
  • the item that has a corresponding relationship with the preset capability item can be used.
  • obtaining the calibration yield C j includes the following steps:
  • the production process can enhance the yield of circuit board processing by strengthening management. Therefore, considering management factors, adding a management item based on the benchmark yield to improve yield and obtain yield data is one of the yields.
  • Data calculation method considering the main defect item causing scrapping of the circuit board, that is, the calibration capability item, each calibration capability item corresponds to a plurality of calibration capability sub-items, and the standard stator yield corresponding to each calibration capability sub-item is counted, according to each calibration capability.
  • the target stator yield corresponding to the item can determine the yield.
  • This is another method for calculating the yield data. Since the data obtained by the two methods are consistent, the fifth equation is obtained by equalizing the two, due to the calibration capability. There are multiple sub-items. When one of the yield combinations corresponding to each calibration capability sub-item just satisfies the fifth equation, the yield of each calibration capability sub-item corresponding to the yield combination is the target stator yield.
  • the equation of the fifth equation is not strictly equal relationship.
  • the fifth equation can be consistent on both sides. Therefore, the calibration yield may be a group. It can also be multiple groups, but a group can be determined.
  • the preset main scrapped area accounts for 70%-90% of the total, and the preset management item improves the yield M by 3%-10%.
  • a specific range of calculation data is given as a parameter selection at the time of calculation.
  • the preset primary scrapped area accounts for 80% of the total value, and the preset management item improves the yield by 5%.
  • step (4) the method further includes: determining whether there is a special process according to a preset requirement of the circuit board, if yes, performing step (s1); otherwise, performing step (s2);
  • Step (s1) respectively obtaining a special process yield t m corresponding to each special process, and determining a yield rate R of the circuit board processing based on the sixth equation;
  • Step (s2) performing step (4)
  • the special process includes at least one of a buried copper block process, a gold finger process, a blind hole process, a buried capacitor process, a buried resistor process, a local mixed pressure process, and a back drilling process.
  • a buried copper block process a gold finger process, a blind hole process, a buried capacitor process, a buried resistor process, a local mixed pressure process, and a back drilling process.
  • step (2) the determination of the process yield is based on historical production data statistics.
  • the determination of the process yield is based on the historical production data of the enterprise and is statistically and processed. It is used as a reference for subsequent processing and production arrangements to improve production efficiency.
  • the customer also requires special processing of the gold finger process and local mixed pressure.
  • the special process yield of each special process is shown in Table 2, and the process corresponding to each process is good.
  • the rates are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
  • the main processing flow of the circuit board is as follows: inner layer dry film ⁇ inner layer etching ⁇ inner layer AOI ⁇ lamination ⁇ drilling ⁇ sinking ⁇ plate plating ⁇ outside Layer dry film ⁇ pattern plating ⁇ outer layer etching ⁇ solder mask ⁇ character ⁇ spray tin ⁇ milling board (shape), therefore, the benchmark yield is:
  • R 0 A 1 * A 2 * A 3 * A 4 * A 7 * A 12 * A 10 * A 16 * A 19 * A 20 * A 21 * A 23
  • the discarding area of the circuit board caused by each defect item accounts for the percentage of the board surface of the entire circuit board. As shown in Table 5, the table can be obtained:
  • the defect items in the table that is, the calibration capability items obtained after the determination, respectively correspond to three calibration capability sub-items, and the table also shows the standard stator yields corresponding to the respective calibration capability sub-items such as c 11 , c 12 , c 3 and so on.
  • c 11* c 21* c 31* c 41* c 51* c 61* c 71* c 81* c 91 R 0 +5%; c 11 , c 21 , c 31 , c 41 , c 51 , c 61 , c 71 , c 81 , and c 91 are the calibration yields corresponding to the calibration capability items, respectively.

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Abstract

一种线路板的良品率预测方法,包括以下步骤:根据线路板的预设需求确定出加工所需的各个工序;获取对应的工序良率以确定基准良率;根据预设加工能力与实际加工能力确定线路板加工的难度系数;基于基准良率和难度系数、并根据第二方程式确定线路板加工的良品率。

Description

线路板的良品率预测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及线路板加工技术领域,特别是涉及一种线路板的良品率预测方法。
背景技术
随着终端产品功能的不断丰富,产品对印刷线路板的多样化需求不断上升。在多样化需求的印刷线路板市场,不同客户根据自身的产品需求提出印刷线路板的加工要求(如线宽间距能力、孔到导体能力、阻焊桥能力等),若加工要求所需的加工能力在企业的加工能力范围内,则线路板的产品良率能够得到有效保障;若加工要求所需的加工能力超出企业的加工能力范围,则线路板的产品良率很难得到保障,更无法对线路板的生产良率进行相应预估。而对于不同的线路板生产,加工流程不同,线路板的生产良品率也就无法确定。
而线路板的生产良品率无法确定,则线路板的加投率、生产期限及加工成本等均无法有效预估,给生产预估带来极大困扰,并无法进行合理有效的生产安排,影响企业的生产效率。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对线路板生产时良品率无法有效预估的问题,提供一种线路板的良品率预测方法。
其技术方案如下:
一种线路板的良品率预测方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、根据线路板的预设需求确定出加工所需的各个工序;
(2)、获取各个工序对应的工序良率A i、并根据第一方程式确定基准良率R 0
(3)、根据预设加工能力与实际加工能力确定线路板加工的难度系数λ;
(4)、基于基准良率R 0和难度系数λ、并根据第二方程式确定线路板加工 的良品率R;
其中,第一方程式为:R 0=∏A i;第二方程式为:R=λ*R 0;i为工序的个数。
上述线路板的良品率预测方法,通过第二方程式确定线路板加工的良品率,不仅考虑了各个工序对应的工序良率问题,而且还考虑了产品要求的预设加工能力和实际加工能力之间的差异化给以难度系数的形式给出,使线路板的良品率预测能够通过量化的方式进行计算并预测,从而解决了线路板生产时良品率无法有效预估的问题,从而进行合理有效的生产安排,提高生产效率。
下面进一步对技术方案进行说明:
在其中一个实施例中,步骤(3)中,难度系数λ的确定包括以下步骤:
根据预设能力项的要求获取与预设能力项对应的预设良率B j
获取与预设能力项对应的标定能力项、并获取与标定能力项对应的标定良率C j
基于预设良率B j和标定良率C j、并根据第三方程式确定线路板加工的难度系数λ;
其中,第三方程式为:λ=∏(B j/C j);j为预设能力项的项数。
预设能力项指线路板的相关要求项,预设良率为对应要求项的良率,标定能力项与预设能力项的相关要求项对应,标定能力项为企业实际生产中确定出造成线路板报废的项,标定良率为与标定能力项对应的良率,将标定良率作为基准,将预设良率与标定良率的比值作为线路板加工的难度系数,以考虑需求能力与实际能力对线路板加工的良品率影响。
在其中一个实施例中,标定能力项的确定包括如下步骤:
获取造成线路板报废的缺陷项,分别获取各个缺陷项对应的报废面积占整个线路板的板面面积百分比d k、并建立第四方程式;
根据第四方程式确定出k的最小值,当k取最小值时,d 1、d 2、d 3······d k所对应的各个缺陷项为标定能力项;
其中,第四方程式为:d 1+d 2+d 3+······+d k≥D;d 1>d 2>d 3>······>d k,k为缺陷项的项数,D为预设的主报废面积占比总值。
通过确定出造成线路板报废的主要缺陷项以作为标定能力项,进而基于此 给出标定能力项对应的标定良率,给出了确定标定能力项的确定方法。
在其中一个实施例中,缺陷项包括孔到导体能力项、外层间距能力项、夹膜能力项、阻焊到图形能力项、掉桥能力项、双面开窗最小孔径能力项、内层线宽能力项、外层线宽能力项和厚径比能力项中的其中至少一项。缺陷项包括多项,在不同要求的线路板加工中,造成线路板报废的主要缺陷项可能不同,因此,需要根据具体的线路板加工要求进行确定。
在其中一个实施例中,当k<j时,预设能力项选取与标定能力项对应的项确定第三方程式;当k≥j时,标定能力项选取与预设能力项对应的项确定第三方程式。由于给出的预设能力项项数和确定的标定能力项项数可能不同,因此,在两者不相同的情况下根据具体情况进行相应处理,以得到对应的难度系数。
在其中一个实施例中,标定良率C j的获取包括以下步骤:
获取多个标定能力项分别对应的标定能力子项、并获取标定能力子项对应的标定子良率c j
分别获取各个标定能力项对应的其中一个标定能力子项、并使标定能力子项对应的标定子良率c j满足第五方程式,满足第五方程式的对应标定子良率c j为标定良率C j
其中,第五方程式为:∏c j=R 0+M;M为预设的管理项提升良率。
生产过程可通过加强管理来提升线路板加工的良品率,因此,考虑管理因素后在基准良率的基础上增加一个管理项提升良率、并得到良率数据,这是其中的一种良率数据计算方法;考虑造成线路板报废的主要缺陷项即标定能力项,各个标定能力项均对应有多个标定能力子项,统计各个标定能力子项对应的标定子良率,根据各个标定能力子项对应的标定子良率即可确定良率,这是另一种良率数据的计算方法,由于两种方法得到的数据是一致的,使两者相等也即得到第五方程式,由于标定能力子项有多个,当各个标定能力子项对应的其中一个良率组合恰好满足第五方程式时,该良率组合对应的各个标定能力子项的良率即为标定子良率。
在其中一个实施例中,预设的主报废面积占比总值为70%-90%,预设的管理项提升良率M为3%-10%。给出具体的计算数据范围,以作为计算时的参数 选择。
在其中一个实施例中,步骤(4)中,还包括:根据线路板的预设需求确定是否存在特殊工艺,如有,则执行步骤(s1);否则,执行步骤(s2);
步骤(s1),分别获取各个特殊工艺对应的特殊工艺良率t m、并基于第六方程式确定线路板加工的良品率R;
步骤(s2),执行步骤(4);
其中,第六方程式为:R=λ*R 0*∏(t m);m为特殊工艺的项数。
由于线路板产品的多样化,不同线路板可能涉及到不同的特殊工艺,特殊工艺将带来新的报废率,因此,考虑到特殊工艺的存在,原有的第二方程式已无法满足预测的需求,考虑特殊工艺并建立第六方程式、以得到考虑特殊工艺的线路板加工良品率计算方程式。
在其中一个实施例中,特殊工艺包括埋铜块工艺、金手指工艺、盲孔工艺、埋电容工艺、埋电阻工艺、局部混压工艺和背钻工艺中的其中至少一个。特殊工艺的种类较多,不同线路板产品的加工可能涉及到一种或多种不同的特殊工艺。
在其中一个实施例中,步骤(2)中,工序良率A i的确定根据历史生产数据统计得出。工序良率的确定基于企业的历史生产数据并进行统计和处理得到,为后续的加工和生产安排做参考,提高生产效率。
附图说明
图1为线路板的良品率预测方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明:
需要说明的是,文中所称元件与另一个元件“固定”时,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是与另一个元件“连接”时,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。相反,当元件被称作“直接在”另一元件“上”时,不存在中间元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直 的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如图1所示的实施例,一种线路板的良品率预测方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、根据线路板的预设需求确定出加工所需的各个工序;
(2)、获取各个工序对应的工序良率A i、并根据第一方程式确定基准良率R 0
(3)、根据预设加工能力与实际加工能力确定线路板加工的难度系数λ;
(4)、基于基准良率R 0和难度系数λ、并根据第二方程式确定线路板加工的良品率R;
其中,第一方程式为:R 0=∏A i;第二方程式为:R=λ*R 0;i为工序的个数。
通过第二方程式确定线路板加工的良品率,不仅考虑了各个工序对应的工序良率问题,而且还考虑了产品要求的预设加工能力和实际加工能力之间的差异化给以难度系数的形式给出,使线路板的良品率预测能够通过量化的方式进行计算并预测,从而解决了线路板生产时良品率无法有效预估的问题,从而进行合理有效的生产安排,提高生产效率。
需要说明的是:
这里的工序指常规线路板生产所需要的必经工序,如内干膜/蚀刻、AOI、层压、钻孔、树脂钻孔、背钻、沉铜等工序;
预设加工能力指预设需求线路板所要求达到的加工能力,实际加工能力指生产方实际能够达到的常规加工能力;
难度系数的确定可基于加工经验确定,如基于经验将预设加工能力与实际加工能力进行对比并给出相应的难度系数;也可以基于历史加工数据确定对应的难度系数,以作为预测;还可以基于已有的数据查找相关数据确定合适的难度系数;难度系数的最大值为1。
进一步的,步骤(3)中,难度系数λ的确定包括以下步骤:
根据预设能力项的要求获取与预设能力项对应的预设良率B j
获取与预设能力项对应的标定能力项、并获取与标定能力项对应的标定良率C j
基于预设良率B j和标定良率C j、并根据第三方程式确定线路板加工的难度系数λ;
其中,第三方程式为:λ=∏(B j/C j);j为预设能力项的项数。
预设能力项指线路板的相关要求项,预设良率为对应要求项的良率,标定能力项与预设能力项的相关要求项对应,标定能力项为企业实际生产中确定出造成线路板报废的项,标定良率为与标定能力项对应的良率,将标定良率作为基准,将预设良率与标定良率的比值作为线路板加工的难度系数,以考虑需求能力与实际能力对线路板加工的良品率影响。
进一步的,标定能力项的确定包括如下步骤:
获取造成线路板报废的缺陷项,分别获取各个缺陷项对应的报废面积占整个线路板的板面面积百分比d k、并建立第四方程式;
根据第四方程式确定出k的最小值,当k取最小值时,d 1、d 2、d 3······d k所对应的各个缺陷项为标定能力项;
其中,第四方程式为:d 1+d 2+d 3+······+d k≥D;d 1>d 2>d 3>······>d k,k为缺陷项的项数,D为预设的主报废面积占比总值。
通过确定出造成线路板报废的主要缺陷项以作为标定能力项,进而基于此给出标定能力项对应的标定良率,给出了确定标定能力项的确定方法。
进一步的,缺陷项包括孔到导体能力项、外层间距能力项、夹膜能力项、阻焊到图形能力项、掉桥能力项、双面开窗最小孔径能力项、内层线宽能力项、外层线宽能力项和厚径比能力项中的其中至少一项。缺陷项包括多项,在不同要求的线路板加工中,造成线路板报废的主要缺陷项可能不同,因此,需要根据具体的线路板加工要求进行确定。
进一步的,当k<j时,预设能力项选取与标定能力项对应的项确定第三方程式;当k≥j时,标定能力项选取与预设能力项对应的项确定第三方程式。由于给 出的预设能力项项数和确定的标定能力项项数可能不同,因此,在两者不相同的情况下根据具体情况进行相应处理,以得到对应的难度系数。
需要说明的是,预设能力项直接预设给出,如客户在订单中直接给出,因此,预设能力项与所需生产的线路板要求有关;而标定能力项则由企业根据生产需求确定,因此,预设能力项的项数与标定能力项的项数可能不相同或不对应。如预设能力项包括孔到导体能力项、外层间距能力项,而标定能力项包括孔到导体能力项、阻焊到图形能力项、掉桥能力项。
基于定义,预设能力项为客户给出的线路板具体生产要求,而标定能力项为报废率较高的几个项,因此:
当k<j时,也即标定能力项的项数少于预设能力项的项数时:
首先,确定标定能力项与预设能力项对应的项;
接着,选取标定能力项与预设能力项对应的项作为第三方程式计算的项;
然后,基于存在对应关系的标定能力项和预设能力项、并根据第三方程式进行计算得到难度系数。
这样处理的原因是:当标定能力项的项数少于预设能力项的项数时,没有对应关系的项可能存在于标定能力项中,也可能存在于预设能力项中。当没有对应关系的项存在于标定能力项中时,说明客户只对造成线路板报废的其中若干缺陷项有要求,且该要求少于企业自己统计得出的缺陷项数,因此,这些项客户没有要求也即该部分不存在难度,也即没有对应关系的项的加工难度系数为1;而当没有对应关系的项存在于预设能力项中时,说明客户对造成线路板报废的缺陷项要求较高,但多出的几个缺陷项由于经过企业自己的统计认为造成线路板报废的面积小可忽略不计,因此相当于该部分的加工难度系数为1,因此,只需考虑标定能力项和预设能力项有对应关系的项即可。
当k≥j时,也即标定能力项的项数多于预设能力项的项数时,由上述分析,同理可知,只需标定能力项与预设能力项有对应关系的项根据第三方程式计算即可。
进一步的,标定良率C j的获取包括以下步骤:
获取多个标定能力项分别对应的标定能力子项、并获取标定能力子项对应 的标定子良率c j
分别获取各个标定能力项对应的其中一个标定能力子项、并使标定能力子项对应的标定子良率c j满足第五方程式,满足第五方程式的对应标定子良率c j为标定良率C j
其中,第五方程式为:∏c j=R 0+M;M为预设的管理项提升良率。
生产过程可通过加强管理来提升线路板加工的良品率,因此,考虑管理因素后在基准良率的基础上增加一个管理项提升良率、并得到良率数据,这是其中的一种良率数据计算方法;考虑造成线路板报废的主要缺陷项即标定能力项,各个标定能力项均对应有多个标定能力子项,统计各个标定能力子项对应的标定子良率,根据各个标定能力子项对应的标定子良率即可确定良率,这是另一种良率数据的计算方法,由于两种方法得到的数据是一致的,使两者相等也即得到第五方程式,由于标定能力子项有多个,当各个标定能力子项对应的其中一个良率组合恰好满足第五方程式时,该良率组合对应的各个标定能力子项的良率即为标定子良率。
需要说明的是,第五方程式的等式并非严格的相等关系,这里只是以给出第五方程式的方式便于说明,第五方程式两侧保持一致即可,因此,标定良率可能是一组,也可能是多组,但确定一组即可。
进一步的,预设的主报废面积占比总值为70%-90%,预设的管理项提升良率M为3%-10%。给出具体的计算数据范围,以作为计算时的参数选择。
更进一步的,预设的主报废面积占比总值为80%,预设的管理项提升良率为5%。
进一步的,步骤(4)中,还包括:根据线路板的预设需求确定是否存在特殊工艺,如有,则执行步骤(s1);否则,执行步骤(s2);
步骤(s1),分别获取各个特殊工艺对应的特殊工艺良率t m、并基于第六方程式确定线路板加工的良品率R;
步骤(s2),执行步骤(4);
其中,第六方程式为:R=λ*R 0*∏(t m);m为特殊工艺的项数。
由于线路板产品的多样化,不同线路板可能涉及到不同的特殊工艺,特殊 工艺将带来新的报废率,因此,考虑到特殊工艺的存在,原有的第二方程式已无法满足预测的需求,考虑特殊工艺并建立第六方程式、以得到考虑特殊工艺的线路板加工良品率计算方程式。
进一步的,特殊工艺包括埋铜块工艺、金手指工艺、盲孔工艺、埋电容工艺、埋电阻工艺、局部混压工艺和背钻工艺中的其中至少一个。特殊工艺的种类较多,不同线路板产品的加工可能涉及到一种或多种不同的特殊工艺。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,工序良率的确定根据历史生产数据统计得出。工序良率的确定基于企业的历史生产数据并进行统计和处理得到,为后续的加工和生产安排做参考,提高生产效率。
实施例:客户给定的线路板加工要求如表1所示,客户还要求金手指工艺和局部混压特殊加工,各特殊工艺的特殊工艺良率如表2所示,各个工序对应的工序良率如表3和表4所示。
基于客户的给定需求并对照表3和表4、以确定线路板的加工主流程为:内层干膜→内层蚀刻→内层AOI→层压→钻孔→沉铜→板镀→外层干膜→图形电镀→外层蚀刻→阻焊→字符→喷锡→铣板(外形),因此,基准良率为:
R 0=A 1*A 2*A 3*A 4*A 7*A 12*A 10*A 16*A 19*A 20*A 21*A 23
表1预设能力项
客户要求 预设能力项
孔到导体/mil 5
外层间距/mil 3.5
夹膜(正片)/mil 3
阻焊到图形/mil 1.5
掉桥/mil 3
双面开窗最小孔刀径/mm 0.25
内层线宽/mil 3
外层线宽/mil 3.5
厚径比 16:1
表2特殊工艺
特殊加工要求 报废率
盲槽 t 1
埋铜块 t 2
金手指 t 3
背钻 t 4
局部混压 t 5
埋电容 t 6
埋电阻 t 7
表3工序统计表一
Figure PCTCN2018093635-appb-000001
表4工序统计表二
Figure PCTCN2018093635-appb-000002
若预设的主报废面积占比总值为80%,统计各缺陷项造成线路板的报废面积占整个线路板的板面百分比,如表5所示,由该表可得到:
孔到导体能力项、外层间距能力项、夹膜能力项、阻焊到图形能力项、掉桥能力项、双面开窗最小孔径能力项、内层线宽能力项、外层线宽能力项和厚径比能力项共同造成线路板板面报废面积占比恰好超过80%,若去除其中任一个缺陷项则会导致其余缺陷项共同造成的报废面积占比小于80%,而造成线路 板板面报废的其他缺陷项造成的报废面积占比均小于上述缺陷项中的任一个造成的报废面积占比;
表中的缺陷项也即确定后得到的标定能力项均分别对应有三个标定能力子项,表中还给出了各个标定能力子项分别对应的标定子良率如c 11、c 12、c 3等。
若预设的管理项提升良率为5%,且满足:c 11*c 21*c 31*c 41*c 51*c 61*c 71*c 81*c 91=R 0+5%;则c 11、c 21、c 31、c 41、c 51、c 61、c 71、c 81、c 91为分别为对应标定能力项的标定良率。
表5标定能力项对应标定能力子项及标定子良率
Figure PCTCN2018093635-appb-000003
基于表1和表5,将确定的标定良率和在表5中与表1对照得到的标定子良 率代入第三方程式、并得到难度系数为:
λ=(c 11/c 11)*(c 22/c 21)*(c 32/c 31)*(c 42/c 41)*(c 52/c 51)*(c 61/c 61)*(c 72/c 71)*(c 82/c 81)*(c 92/c 91)
基于表2得到线路板加工中特殊工艺对应的特殊工艺良率分别为t 3和t 5,因此,基于第二方程式,线路板加工的良品率为:
R=λ*R 0*(t 3*t 5)=((c 11/c 11)*(c 22/c 21)*(c 32/c 31)*(c 42/c 41)*(c 52/c 51)*(c 61/c 61)*(c 72/c 71)*(c 82/c 81)*(c 92/c 91))*(A 1*A 2*A 3*A 4*A 7*A 12*A 10*A 16*A 19*A 20*A 21*A 23)*(t 3*t 5);
需要说明的是,本领域技术人员在进行预测计算的过程中,可根据数学原理进行适当变形并结合相应表格灵活处理,如给定的如果是报废率,那么将其转换为良品率即可仍然按照本申请给出的线路板的良品率预测方法进行计算,该内容并不构成对本申请所要求保护范围的限定,其仅是为了说明的方便。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (1)、根据线路板的预设需求确定出加工所需的各个工序;
    (2)、获取各个所述工序对应的工序良率A i、并根据第一方程式确定基准良率R 0
    (3)、根据预设加工能力与实际加工能力确定所述线路板加工的难度系数λ;
    (4)、基于所述基准良率R 0和所述难度系数λ、并根据第二方程式确定所述线路板加工的良品率R;
    其中,所述第一方程式为:R 0=∏A i;所述第二方程式为:R=λ*R 0;i为所述工序的个数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,所述难度系数λ的确定包括以下步骤:
    根据预设能力项的要求获取与所述预设能力项对应的预设良率B j
    获取与所述预设能力项对应的标定能力项、并获取与所述标定能力项对应的标定良率C j
    基于所述预设良率B j和所述标定良率C j、并根据第三方程式确定所述线路板加工的所述难度系数λ;
    其中,所述第三方程式为:λ=∏(B j/C j);j为所述预设能力项的项数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,所述标定能力项的确定包括如下步骤:
    获取造成所述线路板报废的缺陷项,分别获取各个所述缺陷项对应的报废面积占整个所述线路板的板面面积百分比d k、并建立第四方程式;
    根据所述第四方程式确定出k的最小值,当k取最小值时,d 1、d 2、d 3······d k所对应的各个所述缺陷项为所述标定能力项;
    其中,所述第四方程式为:d 1+d 2+d 3+······+d k≥D;d 1>d 2>d 3>······>d k,k为缺陷项的项数,D为预设的主报废面积占比总值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,所述缺陷项包括孔到导体能力项、外层间距能力项、夹膜能力项、阻焊到图形能力项、掉桥能力项、双面开窗最小孔径能力项、内层线宽能力项、外层线宽能力项和厚径比能力项中的其中至少一项。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,当k<j时,所述预设能力项选取与所述标定能力项对应的项确定所述第三方程式;当k≥j时,所述标定能力项选取与所述预设能力项对应的项确定所述第三方程式。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,所述标定良率C j的获取包括以下步骤:
    获取多个所述标定能力项分别对应的标定能力子项、并获取所述标定能力子项对应的标定子良率c j
    分别获取各个所述标定能力项对应的其中一个所述标定能力子项、并使所述标定能力子项对应的所述标定子良率c j满足第五方程式,满足所述第五方程式的对应所述标定子良率c j为所述标定良率C j
    其中,所述第五方程式为:∏c j=R 0+M;M为预设的管理项提升良率。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,预设的所述主报废面积占比总值为70%-90%,预设的所述管理项提升良率M为3%-10%。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中,还包括:根据所述线路板的预设需求确定是否存在特殊工艺,如有,则执行步骤(s1);否则,执行步骤(s2);
    步骤(s1),分别获取各个所述特殊工艺对应的特殊工艺良率t m、并基于所述第六方程式确定所述线路板加工的良品率R;
    步骤(s2),执行所述步骤(4);
    其中,所述第六方程式为:R=λ*R 0*∏(t m);m为所述特殊工艺的项数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,所述特殊工艺包括埋铜块工艺、金手指工艺、盲孔工艺、埋电容工艺、埋电阻工艺、局部混压工艺和背钻工艺中的其中至少一个。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的线路板的良品率预测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述工序良率A i的确定根据历史生产数据统计得出。
PCT/CN2018/093635 2018-02-11 2018-06-29 线路板的良品率预测方法 WO2019153631A1 (zh)

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