WO2019130722A1 - Composition d'encre d'impression lithographique et matière imprimée - Google Patents

Composition d'encre d'impression lithographique et matière imprimée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019130722A1
WO2019130722A1 PCT/JP2018/037999 JP2018037999W WO2019130722A1 WO 2019130722 A1 WO2019130722 A1 WO 2019130722A1 JP 2018037999 W JP2018037999 W JP 2018037999W WO 2019130722 A1 WO2019130722 A1 WO 2019130722A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vegetable oil
ink composition
lithographic printing
printing ink
alkyd resin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/037999
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祐樹 中井
直樹 春山
Original Assignee
東洋インキＳｃホールディングス株式会社
東洋インキ株式会社
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Application filed by 東洋インキＳｃホールディングス株式会社, 東洋インキ株式会社 filed Critical 東洋インキＳｃホールディングス株式会社
Publication of WO2019130722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019130722A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/06—Printing inks based on fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
    • C09D11/102—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • C09D11/103—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds of aldehydes, e.g. phenol-formaldehyde resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
    • C09D11/102—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • C09D11/104—Polyesters
    • C09D11/105—Alkyd resins

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a lithographic printing ink composition (hereinafter, also referred to as “lithographic ink” or “ink”) used in offset printing, and a printed material thereof.
  • lithographic ink also referred to as “lithographic ink” or “ink”
  • the "oxidation polymerization type" drying method generally used in offset printing means that after printing on a printing substrate such as paper, the oxygen in the air causes oxidation polymerization of the components in the ink to solidify and dry It is.
  • the non-VOC ink containing the above-mentioned vegetable oil component the vegetable oil which is the main component participates in the oxidative polymerization reaction, and the resulting printed matter becomes excellent in rigidity.
  • the printing layer can not follow the deformation of the printing substrate, and problems such as generation of cracks during post-processing occur.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a method of using an ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer as a resin, but the ink becomes over-emulsified and the printability (especially, the density fluctuation) is significantly deteriorated. Again, it was not a preferred method.
  • JP 2004-204203 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-060963 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-183564
  • the present disclosure solves the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to obtain a printed material having high flexibility without causing blocking and deterioration of scratch resistance without excessively reducing the content of vegetable oil. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lithographic printing ink composition that can be used.
  • a lithographic printing ink composition capable of solving the above-mentioned problems can be obtained by using a rosin-modified phenolic resin, an alkyd resin and a vegetable oil in combination as defined below.
  • the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure is a lithographic printing ink composition
  • a lithographic printing ink composition comprising a rosin modified phenolic resin (A), an alkyd resin (B), a vegetable oil (C), and a pigment
  • the weight average molecular weight of the rosin modified phenolic resin (A) is 50,000 to 130,000
  • the phenolic structural unit constituting the rosin modified phenolic resin (A) is an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms
  • the iodine value of the vegetable oil (C) is 50 to 140 mg / 100 mg
  • the content of the vegetable oil (C) is 35 to 60% by mass in the lithographic printing ink composition.
  • the content of the vegetable oil-modified alkyd resin (b) is 2 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the lithographic printing ink composition.
  • the content of the rosin modified phenolic resin (A) is 15 to 25% by mass in the lithographic printing ink composition.
  • the ratio (Cc / Bc) of the content (Bc) of the alkyd resin (B) to the content (Cc) of the vegetable oil (C) is 1. 8 to 10.5.
  • the printed matter of the present disclosure has a colored layer formed by printing the above-mentioned lithographic printing ink composition on a substrate.
  • One embodiment of the above-mentioned printed matter further comprises a covering layer on the colored layer.
  • a lithographic printing ink composition capable of obtaining a print having high flexibility without causing blocking and deterioration of abrasion resistance without excessively reducing the content of a vegetable oil component. It becomes possible.
  • lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure will be described in detail.
  • the lithographic printing ink composition of this indication is not limited to the following embodiment, The modification implemented in the range which does not change a summary is also included.
  • part “%” represents “mass part” “mass%” unless there is particular notice.
  • the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure has a specific structure and a rosin-modified phenolic resin having a defined weight average molecular weight, an alkyd resin modified with a vegetable oil, and a specific iodine value.
  • a vegetable oil By using a vegetable oil in combination, it is possible to obtain a print having high flexibility without causing blocking and deterioration of scratch resistance.
  • the principle by which the above-mentioned problems can be solved by the lithographic printing ink composition having the above-mentioned constitution will be described below. The following is an inference, and does not limit the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure.
  • the vegetable oil contained in the ink participates in the oxidative polymerization reaction.
  • the reaction site of the oxidative polymerization reaction is the unsaturated bond present in vegetable oil, and the amount is represented by the iodine value.
  • the iodine value of the vegetable oil (C) used in the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure is 50 to 140 mg / 100 mg.
  • a vegetable oil component having an iodine value of 140 mg / 100 mg or less the distance between reaction points can be appropriately broadened, and the crosslink density can be suitably reduced.
  • the flexibility of the printed matter can be improved without using an additive such as a plasticizer.
  • the iodine value of the vegetable oil (C) is 50 mg / 100 mg or more, the blocking and the deterioration of the abrasion resistance are suppressed while maintaining the above-mentioned flexibility.
  • the vegetable oil (C) is used in the range of 35 to 60% by mass based on the total amount of the lithographic printing ink composition.
  • the content of the vegetable oil (C) is 35% by mass or more, the flexibility of the printed matter is excellent.
  • the content of the vegetable oil (C) is set to 60% by mass or less, the content of each component to be described later is relatively increased, and flexibility, low blocking, and excellent scratch resistance are both achieved at a high level. can do.
  • a rosin modified phenolic resin (A) having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 130,000 and containing a phenol structural unit containing an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms is used . While a large rosin modified phenolic resin having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 or more is incorporated into the crosslinked structure formed by the vegetable oil (C), the crosslink density is further reduced by the steric hindrance due to the C 4-18 alkyl group. Film flexibility is further improved.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the rosin modified phenolic resin is 130,000 or less, the blocking and the deterioration of the abrasion resistance are suppressed while maintaining the above-mentioned flexibility.
  • the alkyl group has 4 or more carbon atoms, the flexibility is improved by the steric hindrance.
  • the carbon number is 18 or less, the blocking and the deterioration of the abrasion resistance are suppressed.
  • the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure is characterized by further using a vegetable oil-modified alkyd resin (b) in combination in order to suppress blocking and improve abrasion resistance.
  • the vegetable oil portion of the vegetable oil-modified alkyd resin (b) causes oxidative polymerization with the vegetable oil (C), whereby the vegetable oil-modified alkyd resin (b) is incorporated into the cross-linked structure to make the coating film fast, and the above blocking property and resistance It is believed that the abradability improves.
  • the lithographic ink composition of the present disclosure it is possible to obtain a print having low blocking property and excellent scratch resistance while having high flexibility.
  • the rosin modified phenolic resin (A) used in the present embodiment has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 130,000 and includes a phenol structural unit having an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the rosin modified phenolic resin (A) is 50,000 to 130,000, more preferably 80,000 to 100,000.
  • the crosslink density when incorporated into the crosslink structure becomes suitable, and the improvement of the coating film flexibility and the suppression of the tackiness, the blocking and the deterioration of the abrasion resistance are obtained. It is compatible.
  • the viscosity to 50,000 or more, the viscosity of the ink can also be made suitable, generation of misting and the like can be suppressed, and the stability and printability of the ink on the printing press can be improved.
  • the solubility of the resin is improved, and the fluidity of the ink and the gloss of the printed matter are improved.
  • the said weight average molecular weight is the polystyrene conversion amount measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • the carbon number of the alkyl group contained in the phenol structural unit is 4 to 18 as described above, but is preferably 8 to 16, and particularly preferably 9 to 12.
  • the carbon number of the alkyl group is 4 to 18 as described above, but is preferably 8 to 16, and particularly preferably 9 to 12.
  • alkyl group n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, tert-hexyl group, n-heptyl Group, isoheptyl group, tert-heptyl group, n-octyl group, isooctyl group, tert-octyl group, n-nonyl group, isononyl group, tert-nonyl group, n-decyl group, isodecyl group, tert-decyl group, n -Dodecyl group, isododecyl group, tert-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, isotridecyl group, n-
  • n-nonyl group, isononyl group, n-decyl group, isodecyl group, n-dodecyl group and isododecyl group are preferably selected from the viewpoint of coating film flexibility. Moreover, it is also preferable to select a linear alkyl group from the viewpoint of coating film flexibility.
  • the content of the rosin-modified phenolic resin (A) is preferably 15 to 30% by mass, more preferably 20 to 25% by mass, based on the total amount of the lithographic ink.
  • the alkyd resin (B) comprises vegetable oil modified alkyd resin (b).
  • the vegetable oil modified alkyd resin (b) is incorporated into the cross-linked structure by causing oxidative polymerization of the vegetable oil portion of the vegetable oil modified alkyd resin (b) with the vegetable oil (C) which is another vegetable oil component.
  • the printed matter can be made to be fast without excessively increasing the crosslinking density, and a printed matter excellent in blocking property and abrasion resistance can be obtained while maintaining the flexibility of the coating film.
  • denatured alkyd resin (b) uses the same thing as the vegetable oil (C) mentioned later.
  • the amount of the vegetable oil structural unit of the vegetable oil modified alkyd resin (b) is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, and preferably 10 to 55% by mass, relative to the amount of all structural units. Is more preferable, and 15 to 50% by mass is particularly preferable.
  • the content of the vegetable oil-modified alkyd resin (b) is preferably 2 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 5 to 18% by mass, based on the total amount of the lithographic ink. And particularly preferably 10 to 15% by mass.
  • the content of the vegetable oil modified alkyd resin (b) within the above range, the crosslink density when incorporated in the crosslink structure and the coating film fastness of the printed matter are made suitable, and the film flexibility and blocking property ⁇ The balance with the abrasion resistance is improved. Further, by setting the content to 2% by mass or more, the coating film flexibility becomes suitable, and the fluidity of the ink can be secured. Further, by setting the content to 20% by mass or less, over-emulsification of the ink is suppressed, and printability is improved.
  • an alkyd resin other than the vegetable oil-modified alkyd resin (b) may be added as the alkyd resin (B) for blocking property and abrasion resistance.
  • the blending amount of the vegetable oil modified alkyd resin (b) is 8% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of alkyd resin (B), from the viewpoint of maintaining and improving the blocking property and scratch resistance of printed matter. It is more preferable to set it as mass% or more.
  • resin other than the said rosin modified phenolic resin (A) and alkyd resin (B) can also be used together as a binder resin for the lithographic ink of this embodiment.
  • resins selected from the group consisting of styrene maleic resin and maleic resin can be used.
  • the total amount of the binder resin relative to the total amount of the lithographic ink is from the viewpoint of improving the printability and the adhesion to the substrate while maintaining the coating film flexibility, blocking property and scratch resistance.
  • the content is preferably 25 to 60% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 50% by mass.
  • the above blending amounts also include the blending amounts of the rosin modified phenolic resin (A) and the alkyd resin (B).
  • the lithographic ink composition of the present embodiment contains a vegetable oil (C).
  • vegetable oil refers to triglyceride which is an esterification reaction product of glycerin and a fatty acid, and monoglyceride and diglyceride obtained by the partial transesterification reaction thereof.
  • the said fatty acid may contain the saturated fatty acid in the range with which the iodine value of the triglyceride obtained by said esterification reaction or partial transesterification, monoglyceride, and diglyceride falls in the range demonstrated below.
  • the iodine value of the vegetable oil (C) used in the present embodiment is 50 to 140 mg / 100 mg, more preferably 70 to 120 mg / 100 mg.
  • the crosslink density of the crosslink structure formed by the vegetable oil (C) becomes suitable, and the coating film flexibility is improved.
  • the amount to 50 mg / 100 mg or more the gloss of the printed matter can be improved, and the stability of the ink on the printing press can be secured.
  • the amount to 140 mg / 100 mg or less the coating film flexibility becomes preferable.
  • the iodine value is a value measured by 2.3.4.1-1996 (Wies-cyclohexane method) of the standard oil and fat analysis test method (Japan Oil Chemistry Association). Specifically, after 0.15 g of the target vegetable oil is dissolved in 10 ml of cyclohexane, 25 ml of Wiss solution is added, and the flask is allowed to stand at room temperature in the dark for about 1 hour. After that, titration is performed with a 0.1 mol / l sodium thiosulfate standard solution, and the iodine value is calculated from the amount of the sodium thiosulfate standard solution added dropwise until the end point is reached.
  • a vegetable oil (C) used in the present embodiment palm oil, neem oil, sunflower oil, soy sauce, castor oil, rice oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil, kapok oil, poppy seed oil, sesame oil, large flea oil, corn oil, Examples thereof include niger oil, an oil of manto oil, cottonseed oil, an oil of peanut oil, an oil of coconut oil and the like, but not limited thereto.
  • rice oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil, neem oil and sesame oil is preferably selected from the viewpoint of coating film flexibility, and rice bran oil is particularly preferably selected.
  • the vegetable oil (C) contains a regenerated vegetable oil.
  • the reason is that by adjusting the conditions of the regeneration treatment, the iodine value can be artificially and easily contained within the above-mentioned preferable range, and the moisture content of the regenerated vegetable oil can be reduced to be contained together with the moisture. And removing impurities that adversely affect the stability and printability of the ink on the printing press.
  • the water content of the regenerated vegetable oil is preferably 0.3% by mass or less.
  • monoglyceride or diglyceride obtained by partial transesterification of one or more types of vegetable oils listed above can also be used as the vegetable oil (C).
  • saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, monovalent saturated fatty acids such as palmitooleic acid, oleic acid and elaidic acid, linoleic acid and ⁇ -linoleic acid
  • saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid
  • monovalent saturated fatty acids such as palmitooleic acid, oleic acid and elaidic acid
  • linoleic acid and ⁇ -linoleic acid examples thereof include polyunsaturated fatty acids such as ⁇ -linolenic acid and the like, but not limited thereto.
  • oleic acid and linoleic acid are preferably selected from the viewpoint of improving the balance between the coating film flexibility and the blocking
  • the compounding amount of the vegetable oil (C) contained in the lithographic ink of the present embodiment is 35 to 60% by mass, particularly preferably 35 to 50% by mass, with respect to the total amount of the lithographic ink.
  • the flexibility of the resulting printed matter and the drying property and on-machine stability of the ink can be suitably achieved.
  • vegetable oil other than the said vegetable oil (C) may be used for the lithographic ink of this embodiment.
  • vegetable oils other than the vegetable oil (C) include palm kernel oil, linseed oil, soy sauce, rapeseed oil and the like.
  • the ratio (Cc / Bc) of the content (Bc) of the alkyd resin (B) to the content (Cc) of the vegetable oil (C) is 1.8 to 10 in mass ratio. It is preferably 5 and particularly preferably 2.1 to 10.5.
  • the ratio of the alkyd resin (B) to the vegetable oil (C) in the above-mentioned range, a printed matter having high flexibility, low blocking property and excellent scratch resistance can be obtained. Further, by setting the ratio of the alkyd resin (B) to the vegetable oil (C) in the above range, the printability is excellent and the solid filling property at the time of printing is improved.
  • the lithographic ink of the present embodiment contains a pigment.
  • the pigment conventionally known organic pigments and / or inorganic pigments can be optionally used.
  • an extender pigment may be included as the pigment.
  • the compounding amount of the pigment in the present embodiment is an amount capable of securing the color developability and sharpness of the printed matter without inhibiting the effects of the present disclosure. It is preferable to do. Specifically, the amount is preferably 10 to 40% by mass, particularly preferably 15 to 35% by mass, based on the total amount of the lithographic ink.
  • the lithographic ink of the present embodiment may also contain a gelling agent.
  • the gelling agent include aluminum chelate compounds, metal soaps, and alkanolamines. The amount thereof is preferably 1% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lithographic ink.
  • the lithographic ink of the present embodiment may appropriately contain various additives such as existing emulsifiers, emulsification inhibitors, abrasion resistance agents, anti-slip agents, drying accelerators, antioxidants, etc. It can be used.
  • the total amount of the compounding amount is preferably 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lithographic ink.
  • a rosin modified phenolic resin (A), an alkyd resin (B), a vegetable oil (C), a pigment and other components used as needed are uniformly mixed. It may be suitably selected from among known known dispersion methods.
  • the above components are homogeneously mixed and dispersed by a kneader such as a kneader, three-roll mill, ball mill, planetary ball mill, beads mill, roll mill, attritor, sand mill, gate mixer, paint shaker, homogenizer, self-revolving stirrer, etc. It can be obtained by doing.
  • the printed matter according to the present embodiment is characterized in that it has a colored layer formed by printing the lithographic printing ink composition on a substrate. Since the printed matter of the present embodiment has a colored layer formed by printing the above-mentioned lithographic printing ink composition, it is possible to obtain a printed matter provided with a colored layer having flexibility, low blocking, and excellent scratch resistance.
  • the base material used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the application.
  • plastic substrates such as polycarbonate, hard vinyl chloride, soft vinyl chloride, polystyrene, foam polystyrene, PMMA, polypropylene, polyethylene, PET, etc. or combinations or modifications thereof; high quality paper, art paper, coated paper, cast coated paper etc.
  • Paper substrates of The thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the lithographic printing ink composition of the present embodiment can be printed on the substrate to form a colored layer by a known lithographic printing method.
  • the thickness of the colored layer is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the printed material of the present embodiment may further include a covering layer on the colored layer.
  • the covering layer may be a layer which protects the colored layer and, if necessary, has an optical function such as low reflectivity and various functions such as adhesiveness.
  • the covering layer may be a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers.
  • the covering layer is preferably a transparent resin layer from the viewpoint of the visibility of the colored layer.
  • the thickness of the covering layer is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure will be more specifically described by way of examples, but the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.
  • a xylene solution (60% non-volatile content) of the resol-type phenolic resin.
  • the compounds shown in Table 1 below were used as the above-mentioned para-alkylphenol.
  • the obtained resol-type phenolic resins were designated as phenolic resins a1 to a6, respectively.
  • Table 2 also shows the weight average molecular weights of the rosin modified phenolic resins 1 to 11.
  • a gel chemical is prepared by charging Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. ALCH) according to the composition described in Table 3 below, heating to 190 ° C. while introducing nitrogen gas, and heating and stirring for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature. 1 to 22 were manufactured.
  • the lithographic printing ink composition of the present disclosure which is a combination of a specific rosin modified phenolic resin (A), a specific alkyd resin (B) and a specific vegetable oil (C) It was possible to obtain a print having high flexibility without causing blocking and deterioration of scratch resistance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'encre d'impression lithographique qui contient une huile végétale en une quantité qui n'est pas excessivement réduite et qui donne une matière imprimée ayant une flexibilité élevée tout en conservant intactes des propriétés de non-blocage et une résistance aux rayures. La composition d'encre d'impression lithographique comprend une résine phénolique modifiée par de la colophane (A), une résine alkyde (B), une huile végétale (C) et un pigment. La résine phénolique modifiée par de la colophane (A) a un poids moléculaire moyen en poids de 50 000 à 130 000 et comprend des motifs structuraux phénol comprenant un groupe alkyle en C4-18, la résine d'alkyde (B) comprend une résine alkyde modifiée par huile végétale (b), et l'huile végétale (C) a un indice d'iode compris entre 50 et 140 mg/100 mg et est contenue en une quantité comprise entre 35 et 60 % en masse de la composition d'encre d'impression lithographique.
PCT/JP2018/037999 2017-12-27 2018-10-11 Composition d'encre d'impression lithographique et matière imprimée WO2019130722A1 (fr)

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