WO2019120203A1 - 物流器具及其防拆卸方法 - Google Patents

物流器具及其防拆卸方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019120203A1
WO2019120203A1 PCT/CN2018/121920 CN2018121920W WO2019120203A1 WO 2019120203 A1 WO2019120203 A1 WO 2019120203A1 CN 2018121920 W CN2018121920 W CN 2018121920W WO 2019120203 A1 WO2019120203 A1 WO 2019120203A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
tamper
logistics
wireless communication
proof
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PCT/CN2018/121920
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English (en)
French (fr)
Original Assignee
上海箱箱物流科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海箱箱物流科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海箱箱物流科技有限公司
Priority to JP2020534351A priority Critical patent/JP6990311B6/ja
Priority to AU2018391723A priority patent/AU2018391723B2/en
Priority to EP18892084.7A priority patent/EP3731195A4/en
Priority to US16/955,650 priority patent/US11302159B2/en
Publication of WO2019120203A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019120203A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/1895—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using light change detection systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/181—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of logistics, and in particular to a detachment prevention technology for an accessory module of a logistics appliance.
  • Recyclable logistics appliances are reusable logistics appliances.
  • intelligent modules need to be installed on recyclable logistics appliances.
  • the intelligent module usually includes a wireless communication device, a sensor, a positioning device, etc., and can upload the current location and various states of the recyclable logistics device to the cloud server.
  • the effective management of the recyclable logistics appliance by the intelligent module relies on the premise that it is necessary to ensure that the intelligent module is correctly installed on the recyclable logistics appliance. If someone deliberately removes the smart module from the recyclable logistics appliance, the smart module will continue to work with the support of the battery, but the information returned (including positioning information, etc.) is incorrect.
  • a conventional solution is to cut off the anti-theft circuit when the relevant anti-theft screw is removed.
  • the structure of the solution is complicated (requires lead to the anti-theft screw), the installation is difficult, and the reliability is low.
  • Another conventional solution is to use infrared anti-theft, while the traditional infrared anti-theft requires a male and female head, and needs to continuously emit infrared rays, which is too high in power consumption for a non-rechargeable and long-time work.
  • the purpose of the application is to provide a logistics appliance and a method for preventing the same, which realizes the anti-disassembly alarm of the designated module under the premise of simple structure and low power consumption.
  • a detachment prevention logistics tool comprising: a sealed space and a detachment prevention module disposed in the sealed space;
  • the anti-disassembly module includes: one or more optoelectronic devices, a wireless communication unit, and a judging unit; the judging unit is configured to determine whether the electrical signal output by the optoelectronic device is greater than an agreed threshold, and if so, trigger the wireless communication unit to transmit an alarm signal ;
  • the structure of the confined space meets the following requirements:
  • the confined space is an opaque dark space after the tamper-proof module is installed.
  • the airtightness of the enclosed space is at least temporarily destroyed such that the optoelectronic device is capable of detecting light.
  • the tamper-evident module further includes one of the following components or any combination thereof that is electrically coupled to the wireless communication unit:
  • the wireless communication unit wirelessly accesses the external wireless communication network, and transmits the signal output by the component and the identifier of the tamper-proof module to the cloud server through the wireless communication network.
  • the alert signal includes one of the following information or any combination thereof:
  • the identification of the tamper-evident module the identification of the logistics appliance, the time at which the alarm was triggered, and the location at which the alarm was triggered.
  • the tamper-evident module includes a separate battery for powering the optoelectronic device, the wireless communication unit, and the determination unit.
  • a wireless charging module is further included coupled to the battery for charging the battery.
  • the confined space is a cavity having an inner surface using a material having a light reflectance lower than a predetermined threshold.
  • the inner surface of the cavity is a black matte material.
  • At least one surface of the tamper-preventing module is attached to one surface of the logistics device as a bonding surface, and at least one surface is disposed as a non-bonding surface.
  • the logistics device In the confined space but not in any face of the logistic appliance;
  • the photovoltaic device has a plurality of optical devices disposed on the bonding surface, and at least one photovoltaic device is disposed on the non-bonding surface;
  • the determining unit is configured to trigger the wireless communication unit to transmit an alarm signal indicating that the tamper-proof module is completely detached if the electrical signal output by the optoelectronic device on the bonding surface is greater than an agreed threshold, if the optoelectronic device on the non-bonding surface When the output electrical signal is greater than the agreed threshold, the wireless communication unit is triggered to transmit an alarm signal indicating that the sealed space is damaged.
  • the application also discloses a method for preventing disassembly of a logistics appliance, comprising:
  • the structure of the closed space satisfies the following requirements:
  • the confined space is an opaque dark space after the tamper-proof module is installed.
  • the light tightness of the enclosed space is at least temporarily destroyed so that light can penetrate into the sealed space.
  • the method further includes:
  • the anti-disassembly module prohibits the wireless communication unit from transmitting an alarm signal.
  • the method further includes:
  • the server After receiving the request, the server ignores the alarm signal carrying the identification of the tamper-proof module or the logistics appliance in the received alarm signal.
  • the optoelectronic device and the wireless communication unit are disposed on the detachment prevention module, and the tamper-preventing module is installed in the light confined space of the logistics device.
  • the anti-disassembly module is disassembled, the optical airtightness of the light confined space is destroyed, and the optoelectronic device detects sufficient
  • the light intensity triggers the wireless communication unit to transmit an alarm signal, thereby realizing a reliable tamper-proof alarm with a simple structure, and requires little power consumption in daily monitoring.
  • feature A+B+C is disclosed in one example
  • feature A+B+D+E is disclosed in another example
  • features C and D are equivalent technical means that perform the same function, technically only Once used, it is impossible to adopt at the same time, and feature E can be combined with feature C technically.
  • the scheme of A+B+C+D should not be regarded as already recorded because of the technical infeasibility
  • A+B+ The C+E program should be considered as already documented.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a detachable logistics tool in a first embodiment of the present invention before being assembled into a sealed space.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a detachable logistics tool in a sealed space after being assembled in a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a tamper-preventing module according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of another detachable logistics tool in the first embodiment of the present invention before being assembled into a sealed space.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of another detachable logistics tool in the first embodiment of the present invention after being assembled into a sealed space;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a plurality of photovoltaic devices mounted on a bonding surface and a non-bonding surface in a detachable logistics tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • the invention installs the anti-disassembly module (ie, the module that needs to be protected by detachment protection) in an opaque confined space of the logistics instrument, and sets the optoelectronic device and the wireless communication unit on the anti-disassembly module.
  • the confined space will not be opened, and the airtightness of the confined space will not be destroyed, that is, the confined space should be dark, and the optoelectronic device should not detect the optical signal ( Or at least a light signal of sufficient intensity cannot be detected).
  • the optical tightness of the sealed space must be destroyed (at least partially destroyed), so that the optoelectronic device can detect enough light signals (or exceed a predetermined threshold) The optical signal strength), thereby triggering the wireless communication unit to transmit an alarm signal.
  • the invention skillfully realizes the anti-disassembly protection of the electronic module at a relatively low cost through the structural design and the detection of the optical signal. Considering that if the module is illegally disassembled under normal circumstances, the illegal disassembly personnel generally need to use the help of light to see the structure to implement the disassembly, so the anti-disassembly protection effect is still very effective.
  • a plurality of optoelectronic devices may be disposed on the tamper-proof module, a part of the optoelectronic devices are disposed on the bonding surface on which the logistics device is attached, and the other optoelectronic devices are disposed on the non-bonding surface that is not attached to the logistics device.
  • all optoelectronic devices are sealed in a confined space and no optical signals can be detected. If the confined space is damaged, but the anti-disassembly module is still attached to the logistics device, the optoelectronic device disposed on the bonding surface still cannot detect sufficient light intensity, and the optoelectronic device disposed on the non-adhesive surface has been detected.
  • Sufficient light intensity to output an electrical signal triggers the wireless communication unit to transmit an alarm signal indicating that the sealed space is broken. If not only the confined space is destroyed, but also the detachment prevention module is removed from the logistics tool, the optoelectronic device disposed on the bonding surface also detects sufficient light intensity to output an electrical signal to trigger the wireless communication unit to emit the tamper-proof module completely. Out of the alarm signal.
  • the cloud server can be made aware of the fine state of the detachment prevention module, thereby better coping with it. For example, if it is only an alarm signal indicating that the confined space is damaged, it is only necessary to send a maintenance engineer to repair. If it indicates that the anti-disassembly module is completely detached, it is necessary to further confirm whether it is necessary to report to the local police.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the detachable logistics tool before assembly
  • FIG. 2 is a structural schematic view of the detachable logistics device after being assembled and forming a sealed space.
  • the detachable logistics implement 10 includes a sealed space 20 and a tamper-preventing module 30 disposed in the sealed space 20.
  • the structure of the detachment prevention module 30 is as shown in FIG. 3, and includes: one or more photoelectric devices 31, a determination unit 32, and a wireless communication unit 33.
  • the determining unit 32 is configured to determine whether the electrical signal output by the optoelectronic device 31 is greater than an agreed threshold, and if so, trigger the wireless communication unit 33 to transmit an alarm signal.
  • the confined space satisfies the following requirements: the confined space is an opaque dark space after the detachment prevention module is installed, and the light tightness of the confined space is at least temporarily in the process of the detachment prevention module being detached from the logistics instrument. It is destroyed to enable the optoelectronic device to detect light.
  • the confined space is the space for the anti-disassembly module, and is not the space for the recyclable logistics equipment to load the goods. The normal operation (loading, unloading, and storage of goods) of the recyclable logistics equipment does not affect the light tightness of the confined space.
  • the optoelectronic device and the wireless communication unit are disposed on the detachment prevention module, and the tamper-preventing module is installed in the light confined space of the logistics device.
  • the anti-disassembly module is disassembled, the optical airtightness of the light confined space is destroyed, and the optoelectronic device detects sufficient
  • the light intensity triggers the wireless communication unit to transmit an alarm signal, thereby realizing a reliable anti-disassembly alarm with a simple structure, and since the light to be detected is external, it does not self-illuminate like the conventional infrared detection scheme, so the anti-disassembly module
  • the amount of power required for daily monitoring is minimal, and long-term work can be maintained without charging.
  • the combination of the logistics appliance and the tamper-proof module can be varied. In addition to the structure shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it may be the structure shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, or other structures, as long as the tamper-proof module can be in a closed space after the tamper-proof module is mounted on the logistics tool. You can do it.
  • the method by which the tamper-evident module is mounted to a recyclable logistics appliance can be varied.
  • fasteners such as screws or rivets, etc.
  • the tamper-evident module is sealed in the base of the recyclable flow tool using a plastic seal.
  • glue the tamper-evident module to the surface of the recyclable logistics appliance.
  • the tamper-evident module is snapped into a predetermined card slot on the recyclable logistics device.
  • optoelectronic devices can be varied.
  • the optoelectronic device is a photodiode.
  • the optoelectronic device is a photovoltaic cell.
  • the wireless communication unit can be varied.
  • the wireless communication unit is a 5G communication module.
  • the wireless communication unit is a WIFI module.
  • the wireless communication unit is a 4G communication module.
  • the wireless communication unit is a Zigbee module.
  • the judging module is an independent comparator that outputs the comparison result to the wireless communication unit by comparing the output signal of the optoelectronic device with a first set level.
  • the judging module is an independent processor, and an input end of the processor obtains an output signal of the optoelectronic device, and the processor includes an analog-to-digital converter, and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage signal input from the bright sensor, and the modulus is The result of the conversion is compared with a preset voltage value, and the comparison result is output to the wireless communication unit.
  • the determining module may be combined in the wireless communication unit, or the logic processing device (such as a microprocessor or a DSP) in the wireless communication unit is used to implement the function of the determining module, and the logic processing device in the wireless communication unit is of course Other tasks can be undertaken, such as control during wireless communication.
  • the logic processing device such as a microprocessor or a DSP
  • the wireless communication unit wirelessly accesses the external wireless communication network, and transmits the signal output by the component and the identifier of the tamper-proof module to the cloud server through the wireless communication network.
  • the alarm signal can include one of the following information or any combination thereof:
  • the identification of the tamper-evident module the identification of the logistics appliance, the time at which the alarm was triggered, and the location at which the alarm was triggered.
  • the power supply of the tamper-evident module can also be varied.
  • the tamper-evident module includes a separate battery to supply power to other components of the tamper-proof module, including the optoelectronic device, the wireless communication unit, and the determination unit.
  • the tamper-evident module further includes a wireless charging module connected to the battery for charging the battery.
  • the confined space is a cavity
  • the inner surface of the cavity uses a material having a light reflection coefficient lower than a predetermined threshold.
  • the inner surface of the cavity is black matte.
  • the tamper-evident module may also optionally include one or any combination of the following components electrically coupled to the wireless communication unit: a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope, a logistics appliance empty box full box sensing component, and the like.
  • the implementation of the empty box full box sensing component of the logistics appliance can also be varied.
  • the original fixed-shaped logistics device is transformed into a foldable form, that is, a rotating mechanism is disposed between each side plate and the base, and the four side plates can be folded toward the base, and one advantage of this is that there is no When loading things, logistics equipment can be folded to reduce the space occupied.
  • a low-power short-range wireless transmitting module is disposed on one side panel, and a low-power short-range wireless receiving module is disposed on the base, wherein the transmitting module sends the identification information of the logistics device, if receiving The module can receive the identification, indicating that the current logistics appliance is in a folded state or in an empty state.
  • the logistics appliance can be determined to be in an unfolded state or in a full state (prescribed if the logistics The goods must be folded when the goods are unloaded to save space).
  • the effective communication distance between the wireless transmitting module and the wireless receiving module needs to be carefully set, so that the effective communication distance is less than the linear distance between the wireless transmitting module and the wireless receiving module in the full state, and the effective communication distance should be greater than the empty
  • the low-power short-distance transceiver module set in the base and side plates of the logistics equipment is paired and bound one by one, and does not interfere with each other because of the stack of recyclable logistics instruments.
  • the logistics appliance is retrofitted into a stack of vacant states, and each logistics appliance is provided with a physical structure that can be stacked in an empty state.
  • each logistics appliance is provided with a physical structure that can be stacked in an empty state.
  • the design of the physical structure and the location of the low-power short-range wireless transceiver module are required, that is, in the empty state stacked state, the linear distance between the wireless transceiver modules of two adjacent logistics appliances should be less than The effective communication distance of the wireless transceiver module, in the full state, the linear distance between the wireless transceiver modules of two adjacent logistics appliances should be greater than the effective communication distance of the wireless transceiver module. If a logistics appliance is in an empty state stacked state, we consider it to be in an empty state, and a full state logistics appliance cannot usually be stacked in an empty state. If a logistics appliance is in a full state, we think it is in a full state.
  • the logistics appliance itself has a physical structure that can be stacked in an empty state, so the operator naturally thinks of stacking the empty state of the logistics equipment that has been emptied. Get up to reduce the space occupied. Therefore, the present application subtly determines the empty state of the logistics appliance by the physical structure of the empty state stacking, the effective communication distance and the installation position setting of the low power short-range wireless transceiver module. Although it may not be able to accurately determine 100%, the accuracy of the normal situation is still quite high, which can meet the needs of normal logistics scheduling.
  • the low-power short-range wireless transmission module may be passive, such as a passive RFID tag or an NFC tag.
  • the low-power short-distance receiving module is essentially a reader that reads the tag, in the reader. When reading is required, radio waves are transmitted, and the passive tag transmits the identification information of the logistics instrument under the induction of the radio wave.
  • passive tags are that there is no need to set up additional power on the side panels.
  • the low power short-range wireless transmission module can also be active.
  • a second embodiment of the invention relates to a detachable logistics appliance.
  • the second embodiment is improved on the basis of the first embodiment, so that the cloud server can know the specific state of the detachment prevention module more finely, and thus can be handled more specifically.
  • the cloud server can know the specific state of the detachment prevention module more finely, and thus can be handled more specifically.
  • the detachment prevention module 30 is attached to the sealed space 20 of the logistics device 10
  • at least one surface of the detachment preventing module 30 is attached to one surface of the logistics tool 10 as a bonding surface, and at least one surface is used as a non-bonding surface in a sealed space.
  • the fit here has the meaning of direct contact between two faces.
  • photovoltaic devices there are a plurality of photovoltaic devices, at least one of which is disposed on the bonding surface, and at least one of the photovoltaic devices 35 is disposed on the non-bonding surface.
  • a plurality of photovoltaic devices may be disposed on both the bonding surface and the non-bonding surface.
  • the determining unit is configured to determine whether the electrical signal output by the photoelectric device is greater than an agreed threshold. If the electrical signal output by the photoelectric device on the bonding surface is greater than the agreed threshold, the wireless communication unit is triggered to transmit an alarm signal indicating that the anti-disassembly module is completely detached. If the electrical signal output by the optoelectronic device on the non-bonding surface is greater than the agreed threshold, the wireless communication unit is triggered to transmit an alarm signal indicating that the sealed space is broken.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of preventing detachment of a logistics appliance. It can be applied to the logistics apparatus described in the first or second embodiment, and the method includes:
  • the tamper-proof module is pre-installed on the logistics appliance such that the tamper-proof module is placed in a closed space structure.
  • the determining unit determines whether the electrical signal representing the light intensity output by the photoelectric device is greater than an agreed threshold. If yes, the determining unit triggers the wireless communication unit to transmit an alarm signal, otherwise no further processing is performed (or the transmission of the alarm signal is not triggered).
  • the structure of the confined space meets the following requirements:
  • the confined space is an opaque dark space after the tamper-proof module is installed.
  • the light tightness of the enclosed space is at least temporarily destroyed so that the light can penetrate into the sealed space.
  • an instruction indicating a tentative alarm is sent from the server to the tamper-evident module before the normal disassembly.
  • the anti-disassembly module prohibits the wireless communication unit from transmitting an alarm signal.
  • the terminal sends a request for legal disassembly to the server, where the identifier of the anti-disassembly module or the logistics appliance is carried.
  • the server ignores the alarm signal carrying the identification of the anti-disassembly module or the logistics appliance in the received alarm signal.
  • the method embodiments of the present invention can all be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, and the like. Regardless of whether the invention is implemented in software, hardware, or firmware, the instruction code can be stored in any type of computer-accessible memory (eg, permanent or modifiable, volatile or non-volatile, solid state Or non-solid, fixed or replaceable media, etc.). Similarly, the memory may be, for example, Programmable Array Logic ("PAL"), Random Access Memory (RAM), or Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM). "), Read-Only Memory (“ROM”), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (“EEPROM”), Disk, CD, Digital Versatile Disc , referred to as "DVD”) and so on.
  • PAL Programmable Array Logic
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
  • Disk CD
  • DVD Digital Versatile Disc
  • each unit mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention is a logical unit.
  • a logical unit may be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or multiple physical entities.
  • the combined implementation of the elements, the physical implementation of these logical units themselves is not the most important, the combination of the functions implemented by these logical units is the key to solving the technical problems raised by the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned various device embodiments of the present invention do not introduce a unit that is not closely related to solving the technical problem proposed by the present invention, which does not indicate that the above device implementation does not have other unit.
  • an action is performed according to an element, it means the meaning of performing the action at least according to the element, and includes two cases: the action is performed only according to the element, and according to the element and Other elements perform this behavior.
  • the expressions of plural, multiple, multiple, etc. include two, two, two, two or more, two or more, two or more.

Abstract

一种物流器具（10）及其防拆卸方式，在结构简单和耗电少的前提下实现了指定模块的防拆卸报警。物流器具（10）包括密闭空间（20）和置于密闭空间（20）中的防拆卸模块（30）；防拆卸模块（30）包括：一个或多个光电器件（31, 35, 36）、无线通信单元（33）和判断单元（32）；判断单元（32）用于判断光电器件（31, 35, 36）输出的电信号是否大于约定门限，如果是则触发无线通信单元（32）发射报警信号；密闭空间（20）的结构满足以下要求：密闭空间（20）在安装防拆卸模块（30）后是一个不透光的黑暗空间；并且，在防拆卸模块（20）被从物流器具（10）拆卸的过程中，密闭空间（20）的光密闭性会至少暂时地被破坏而使得光电器件（31,35,36）能够检测到光。

Description

物流器具及其防拆卸方法 技术领域
本申请涉及物流领域，特别涉及物流器具附属模块的防拆卸技术。
背景技术
可循环物流器具是可以重复使用的物流器具。为了能够对可循环物流器具进行更好的管理，需要在可循环物流器具上安装智能模块。智能模块中通常包括无线通信装置，传感器，定位装置等，可以将可循环物流器具当前的位置，各种状态上传到云端服务器。
然而，智能模块对可循环物流器具的有效管理依赖于一个前提，即必须确保智能模块被正确的安装在可循环物流器具上。如果有人故意将智能模块从可循环物流器具上拆除，智能模块在电池的支持下依然会继续工作，但传回来的信息(包括定位信息等)都是不正确的。
所以如何在智能模块被人从可循环物流器具上拆除时及时报警，就成为一个需要解决的问题。
一种传统的方案是在相关的防盗螺丝被拆除时切断防盗回路，该方案结构较复杂(需要引线至防盗螺丝处)，安装困难，可靠性低。
另一种传统的方案是使用红外线防盗，而传统的红外防盗需要公母头，需要不断发射红外线，这对于不可充电、需要长时间工作的场合来说耗电量过高。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种物流器具及其防拆卸方法，在结构简单和耗电少的前提下实现指定模块的防拆卸报警。
为了解决上述问题，本申请公开了一种防拆卸的物流器具，包括：密闭空间和置于该密闭空间中的防拆卸模块；
该防拆卸模块包括：一个或多个光电器件，无线通信单元，和判断单元；该判断单元用于判断该光电器件输出的电信号是否大于约定门限，如果是则触发该无线通信单元发射报警信号；
该密闭空间的结构满足以下要求：
该密闭空间在安装该防拆卸模块后是一个不透光的黑暗空间；并且，
在该防拆卸模块被从该物流器具拆卸的过程中，该密闭空间的光密闭性会至少暂时地被破坏而使得该光电器件能够检测到光。
在一优选例中，该防拆卸模块还包括与该无线通信单元电连接的以下部件之一或其任意组合：
温度传感器，湿度传感器，加速度传感器，陀螺仪，物流器具空箱满箱传感器；
该无线通信单元以无线方式接入外部的无线通信网络，将上述部件输出的信号和该防拆卸模块的标识一起通过该无线通信网络传输给云端服务器。
在一优选例中，该报警信号包括以下信息之一或其任意组合：
该防拆卸模块的标识，该物流器具的标识，报警被触发的时间，报警被触发的位置。
在一优选例中，该防拆卸模块包括独立电池，为该光电器件、该无线 通信单元和该判断单元供电。
在一优选例中，还包括无线充电模块，与该电池相连，用于对该电池进行充电。
在一优选例中，该密闭空间是一个腔体，该腔体的内表面使用反光系数低于预定门限的材料。
在一优选例中，该腔体的内表面为黑色磨砂材质。
在一优选例中，该防拆卸模块安装到该密闭空间后，该防拆卸模块的至少一个表面作为贴合面与该物流器具的一个面相贴合，另有至少一个表面作为非贴合面处于该密闭空间中但不与该物流器具的任何面相贴合；
该光电器件有多个，其中至少一个光电器件设置在该贴合面上，另有至少一个光电器件设置在该非贴合面上；
该判断单元用于，如果该贴合面上的光电器件输出的电信号大于约定门限则触发该无线通信单元发射表示该防拆卸模块完全脱离的报警信号，如果该非贴合面上的光电器件输出的电信号大于约定门限则触发该无线通信单元发射表示该密闭空间破损的报警信号。
本申请还公开了一种物流器具的防拆卸方法，包括：
预先将防拆卸模块安装到物流器具上，使得该防拆卸模块置于一个密闭空间的结构中；
确定光电器件输出的代表光强的电信号大于约定门限；
触发该无线通信单元发射报警信号；
其中，该密闭空间的结构满足以下要求：
该密闭空间在安装该防拆卸模块后是一个不透光的黑暗空间；并且，
在该防拆卸模块被从该物流器具拆卸的过程中，该密闭空间的光密闭 性会至少暂时地被破坏而使得光线能够透入该密闭空间。
在一优选例中，还包括：
在正常拆卸之前，从服务器向该防拆卸模块发送表示暂定报警的指令；
该防拆卸模块收到该指令后，禁止该无线通信单元发射报警信号。
在一优选例中，还包括：
通过终端向服务器发送表示合法拆卸的请求，其中携带防拆卸模块或物流器具的标识；
该服务器收到该请求后，在接收到的报警信号中忽略携带有该防拆卸模块或物流器具的标识的报警信号。
本申请实施方式与现有技术相比，至少具有以下区别和效果：
在防拆卸模块上设置光电器件和无线通信单元，将防拆卸模块安装物流器具的光密闭空间中，当防拆卸模块被拆卸时，光密闭空间的光密闭性被破坏，光电器件检测到足够的光强，触发无线通信单元发射报警信号，从而以简单的结构实现了可靠的防拆卸报警，而且在日常监控中所需的耗电量极少。
本申请的说明书中记载了大量的技术特征，分布在各个技术方案中，如果要罗列出本申请所有可能的技术特征的组合(即技术方案)的话，会使得说明书过于冗长。为了避免这个问题，本申请上述发明内容中公开的各个技术特征、在下文各个实施方式和例子中公开的各技术特征、以及附图中公开的各个技术特征，都可以自由地互相组合，从而构成各种新的技术方案(这些技术方案均因视为在本说明书中已经记载)，除非这种技术特征的组合在技术上是不可行的。例如，在一个例子中公开了特征A+B+C，在另一个例子中公开了特征A+B+D+E，而特征C和D是起到相同作用的等 同技术手段，技术上只要择一使用即可，不可能同时采用，特征E技术上可以与特征C相组合，则，A+B+C+D的方案因技术不可行而应当不被视为已经记载，而A+B+C+E的方案应当视为已经被记载。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施方式中一种防拆卸的物流器具在装配形成密闭空间前的结构示意图
图2是本发明第一实施方式中一种防拆卸的物流器具在装配形成密闭空间后的结构示意图
图3是本发明第一实施方式中防拆卸模块的结构示意图
图4是本发明第一实施方式中另一种防拆卸的物流器具在装配形成密闭空间前的结构示意图
图5是本发明第一实施方式中另一种防拆卸的物流器具在装配形成密闭空间后的结构示意图
图6是本发明第二实施方式中一种防拆卸的物流器具在贴合面和非贴合面安装多个光电器件的结构示意图
具体实施方式
在以下的叙述中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施方式的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。
下面概要说明本申请的部分创新点
本发明将防拆卸模块(即需要被防拆卸保护的模块)，安装在物流器具的一个不透光的密闭空间里，在防拆卸模块上设置光电器件和无线通信单元。在物流器具和防拆卸模块正常工作情况下，这个密闭空间不会被打开，该密闭空间的光密闭性不会被破坏，即这个密闭空间应该是黑暗的，光电器件应该检测不到光信号(或者说至少检测不到足够强度的光信号)。在防拆卸模块被非正常拆卸时，为了拆卸该模块，密闭空间的光密闭性一定会被破坏(至少是局部地被破坏)，使得光电器件能够检测到足够的光信号(或者说超过预定阈值的光信号强度)，从而触发无线通信单元发射报警信号。本发明巧妙地通过结构上的设计和对光信号的检测，以比较低的成本实现了电子模块的防拆卸保护。考虑到如果在通常情况下，模块被非法拆卸时，非法拆卸人员一般都是需要借助光线的帮助才能看清结构以实施拆卸，所以这种防拆卸保护效果还是十分有效的。
优选的，在防拆卸模块上可以设置多个光电器件，一部分光电器件被设置在于物流器具贴合的贴合面上，其他光电器件被设置在不于物流器具贴合的非贴合面上。正常情况下，所有的光电器件都被密封在密闭空间中，都无法检测到任何光信号。如果密闭空间被破坏，但防拆卸模块依然贴合在物流器具上，则设置于贴合面的光电器件依然无法检测到足够的光强，而设置于非贴合面的光电器件却已经检测到足够的光强从而输出电信号触发无线通信单元发射表示密闭空间破损的报警信号。如果不但密闭空间被破坏，而且防拆卸模块也被从物流器具拆下来，则设置于贴合面的光电器件也会检测到足够的光强从而输出电信号触发无线通信单元发射表示防拆卸模块完全脱离的报警信号。通过这种设计，可以使得云端服务器知道防拆卸模块的精细状态，从而更好的进行应对。例如，如果只是表示密闭空间破损的报警信号，则只需要派维修工程师去维修即可，如果表示是防拆卸模块完全脱离的报警信号，则需要进一步确认是否需要向当地警方报警。
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请的实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
本发明第一实施方式涉及一种防拆卸的物流器具。图1该防拆卸的物流器具在装配前的结构示意图，图2是该防拆卸的物流器具在装配并形成密闭空间后的结构示意图。该防拆卸的物流器具10包括：密闭空间20和置于该密闭空间20中的防拆卸模块30。
防拆卸模块30的结构如图3所示，包括：一个或多个光电器件31、判断单元32和无线通信单元33。判断单元32用于判断光电器件31输出的电信号是否大于约定门限，如果是则触发无线通信单元33发射报警信号。
密闭空间的结构满足以下要求：密闭空间在安装防拆卸模块后是一个不透光的黑暗空间，并且，在防拆卸模块被从物流器具拆卸的过程中，密闭空间的光密闭性会至少暂时地被破坏而使得光电器件能够检测到光。密闭空间是用于防拆卸模块的空间，并非可循环物流器具装载货物的空间，可循环物流器具的正常工作(装、卸、存储货物)不会影响到密闭空间的光密闭性。
在防拆卸模块上设置光电器件和无线通信单元，将防拆卸模块安装物流器具的光密闭空间中，当防拆卸模块被拆卸时，光密闭空间的光密闭性被破坏，光电器件检测到足够的光强，触发无线通信单元发射报警信号，从而以简单的结构实现了可靠的防拆卸报警，而且因为要检测的光是外来的，并不像传统的红外检测方案那样自行发光，所以防拆卸模块在日常监控中所需的耗电量极少，可以在不充电的条件下维持长期的工作。
物流器具与防拆卸模块的组合方式可以是多种多样的。除了图1和图2所示的结构，还可以是图4和图5所示的结构，也可以是其他结构，只 要在防拆卸模块安装到物流器具上之后，防拆卸模块可以处于一个密闭空间之中即可。
防拆卸模块安装到可循环物流器具的方法可以是多种多样的。可选的，使用紧固件(如螺丝或铆钉等)将防拆卸模块固定到可循环物流器具的表面。可选的，使用塑封的方式将防拆卸模块密封在可循环物流器具的底座之中。可选的，使用胶水将防拆卸模块粘贴到可循环物流器具的表面。可选的，将防拆卸模块卡接到可循环物流器具上预设的卡槽中。
光电器件的实现方式可以是多种多样的。可选的，光电器件是光敏二极管。可选的，光电器件是光伏电池。
无线通信单元的实现方式可以是多种多样的。可选的，无线通信单元是5G通信模块。可选的，无线通信单元是WIFI模块。可选的，无线通信单元是4G通信模块。可选的，无线通信单元是Zigbee模块。
判断模块的实现方式是多种多样的，可以是物理上独立的，也可以是物理上与其他的器件组合在一起。可选的，判断模块是独立的比较器，通过比较光电器件的输出信号和一个先设定的电平，输出比较结果给无线通信单元。可选的，判断模块是独立的处理器，处理器的一个输入端获得光电器件的输出信号，处理器中包括模数转换器，对从光明传感器输入的电压信号进行模数转换，将模数转换的结果与预先设定的电压值进行比较，将比较结果输出给无线通信单元。可选的，判断模块可以组合在无线通信单元中，或者说利用无线通信单元中的逻辑处理器件(如微处理器或DSP)来实现判断模块的功能，无线通信单元中的逻辑处理器件当然还可以承担其他的工作，例如在无线通信过程中的控制等等。
无线通信单元以无线方式接入外部的无线通信网络，将上述部件输出的信号和防拆卸模块的标识一起通过无线通信网络传输给云端服务器。
报警信号可以包括以下信息之一或其任意组合：
防拆卸模块的标识，物流器具的标识，报警被触发的时间，报警被触发的位置。
防拆卸模块的供电方式也可以是多种多样的。可选地，防拆卸模块包括独立电池，给防拆卸模块的其他部件(包括光电器件、无线通信单元和判断单元)供电。可选地，防拆卸模块还包括无线充电模块，与电池相连，用于对电池进行充电。
密闭空间的实现方式也可以是多种多样的。可选的，密闭空间是一个腔体，该腔体的内表面使用反光系数低于预定门限的材料。可选的，腔体的内表面为黑色磨砂材质。
防拆卸模块还可以可选地包括与无线通信单元电连接的以下部件之一或其任意组合：温度传感器，湿度传感器，加速度传感器，陀螺仪，物流器具空箱满箱传感组件等等。
物流器具空箱满箱传感组件的实现方式也可以是多种多样的。下面举两个例子：
可选的，将原本固定形状的物流器具改造成可折叠的形式，也就是说在各个侧板和底座之间设置旋转机构，四面的侧板可以向底座折叠，这样做的一个好处是在没有装载东西的时候，物流器具可以折叠，减少占用的空间。在可折叠的基础上，在一个侧板上设置低功耗短距无线发送模块，在底座上对应的设置低功耗短距无线接收模块，其中发送模块发送该物流器具的标识信息，如果接收模块能够接收到这个标识，则说明目前物流器具处于折叠状态或者说处于空状态，如果接收模块不能够接收到这个标识，则可判定该物流器具属于非折叠状态或者处于满状态(规定好如果物流器具卸完了货物必须进行折叠，以节约空间)。其中无线发射模块和接无线接收模块之间的有效通信距离需要仔细的设置，使得这个有效通信距离小于满状态时无线发送模块和无线接收模块之间的直线距离，并且这个有效 通信距离应该大于空状态十无线发送模块和无线接收模块之间的直线距离。物流器具中底座和侧板设置的低功耗短距离收发模块，一一配对绑定，不会因为可循环物流器具的堆叠互相干扰。
可选的，将物流器具改造成可空状态堆叠的形式，在每个物流器具上设置有可供空状态堆叠的物理结构。在每个物流器具上设置一个低功耗短距无线收发模块用于发送或接受特定的无线信号，如果一个物流器具的无线收发模块能够接收到其他物流器具发送的特定无线信号，则可认为自身处于空状态，如果无法接收到任何其他物流器具发送的特定无线信号，则可认为自身处于满状态。这个物理结构的设计以及低功耗短距离无线收发模块所设置的位置是有一定要求的，即，在空状态堆叠状态下，两个相邻物流器具的无线收发模块之间的直线距离应该小于无线收发模块的有效通信距离，在满状态下，两个相邻物流器具的无线收发模块之间的直线距离应该大于无线收发模块的有效通信距离。如果一个物流器具处于空状态堆叠状态，则我们认为它处于空状态，一个满状态的物流器具通常不能够被空状态堆叠。如果一个物流器具处于满状态，则我们认为它处于满状态，这一点是因为物流器具本身具有可供空状态堆叠的物理结构，所以操作员很自然的会想到把已经清空的物流器具空状态堆叠起来，以减少空间的占用。因此，本申请通过可供空状态堆叠的物理结构，低功耗短距无线收发模块的有效通信距离和安装位置的设定，巧妙地判定了物流器具的空满状态。虽然可能不能够百分之一百地准确判定，但是在正常情况准确率还是相当高的，已经可以满足正常物流调度的需要。
上述低功耗短距无线发送模块可以是无源的，例如无源的RFID标签或NFC标签，此时低功耗短距接收模块实质上就是一个读取标签的读取器，在读取器需要读取时，发射无线电波，无源的标签在这个无线电波的感应下发射出物流器具的标识信息。采用无源标签的好处是不需要在侧板上设置额外的电源了。当然低功耗短距无线发送模块也可以是有源的。
本发明第二实施方式涉及一种防拆卸的物流器具。第二实施方式在第一实施方式的基础上进行了改进，从而使得云端服务器可以更精细地知道防拆卸模块的具体状态，进而可以更有针对性地处置。具体地说，如图6所示，
防拆卸模块30安装到物流器具10的密闭空间20后，防拆卸模块30的至少一个表面作为贴合面与物流器具10的一个面相贴合，另有至少一个表面作为非贴合面处于密闭空间中但不与物流器具10的任何面相贴合。这里的贴合有两个面直接接触的意思。
光电器件有多个，其中至少一个光电器件36设置在贴合面上，另有至少一个光电器件35设置在非贴合面上。图6中在贴合面和非贴合面上各只画了一个光电器件，在本申请的其他实施例中，在在贴合面和非贴合面上都可以设置多个光电器件。
判断单元用于判断个光电器件输出的电信号是否大于约定的门限，如果贴合面上的光电器件输出的电信号大于约定门限，则触发无线通信单元发射表示防拆卸模块完全脱离的报警信号，如果非贴合面上的光电器件输出的电信号是否大于约定门限，则触发无线通信单元发射表示密闭空间破损的报警信号。
本发明第三实施方式涉及一种物流器具的防拆卸方法。可以适用于第一或第二实施方式所记载的物流器具，该方法包括：
预先将防拆卸模块安装到物流器具上，使得防拆卸模块置于一个密闭空间的结构中。
判断单元确定光电器件输出的代表光强的电信号是否大于约定门限， 如果是则判断单元触发无线通信单元发射报警信号，否则不做进一步处理(或者说不触发报警信号的发射)。
其中，密闭空间的结构满足以下要求：
密闭空间在安装防拆卸模块后是一个不透光的黑暗空间。并且，
在防拆卸模块被从物流器具拆卸的过程中，密闭空间的光密闭性会至少暂时地被破坏而使得光线能够透入密闭空间。
为了防止在合法拆卸时不必要地触发报警，可以在上述方法基础上采用多种改进的方案。
可选的，在正常拆卸之前，从服务器向防拆卸模块发送表示暂定报警的指令。防拆卸模块收到指令后，禁止无线通信单元发射报警信号。
可选的，通过终端向服务器发送表示合法拆卸的请求，其中携带防拆卸模块或物流器具的标识。服务器收到请求后，在接收到的报警信号中忽略携带有防拆卸模块或物流器具的标识的报警信号。
本发明的各方法实施方式均可以以软件、硬件、固件等方式实现。不管本发明是以软件、硬件、还是固件方式实现，指令代码都可以存储在任何类型的计算机可访问的存储器中(例如永久的或者可修改的，易失性的或者非易失性的，固态的或者非固态的，固定的或者可更换的介质等等)。同样，存储器可以例如是可编程阵列逻辑(Programmable Array Logic，简称“PAL”)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称“RAM”)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable Read Only Memory，简称“PROM”)、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，简称“ROM”)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM，简称“EEPROM”)、磁盘、光盘、数字通用光盘(Digital Versatile Disc，简称“DVD”) 等等。
需要说明的是，本发明各设备实施方式中提到的各单元都是逻辑单元，在物理上，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现，这些逻辑单元本身的物理实现方式并不是最重要的，这些逻辑单元所实现的功能的组合才是解决本发明所提出的技术问题的关键。此外，为了突出本发明的创新部分，本发明上述各设备实施方式并没有将与解决本发明所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，这并不表明上述设备实施方式并不存在其它的单元。
需要说明的是，在本专利的申请文件中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。本专利的申请文件中，如果提到根据某要素执行某行为，则是指至少根据该要素执行该行为的意思，其中包括了两种情况：仅根据该要素执行该行为、和根据该要素和其它要素执行该行为。多个、多次、多种等表达包括2个、2次、2种以及2个以上、2次以上、2种以上。
在本申请提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考，就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解，在阅读了本申请的上述讲授内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本申请作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所要求保护的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，包括：密闭空间和置于该密闭空间中的防拆卸模块；
    所述防拆卸模块包括：一个或多个光电器件，无线通信单元，和判断单元；所述判断单元用于判断所述光电器件输出的电信号是否大于约定门限，如果是则触发所述无线通信单元发射报警信号；
    所述密闭空间的结构满足以下要求：
    所述密闭空间在安装所述防拆卸模块后是一个不透光的黑暗空间；并且，
    在所述防拆卸模块被从所述物流器具拆卸的过程中，所述密闭空间的光密闭性会至少暂时地被破坏而使得所述光电器件能够检测到光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，所述防拆卸模块还包括与所述无线通信单元电连接的以下部件之一或其任意组合：
    温度传感器，湿度传感器，加速度传感器，陀螺仪，物流器具空箱满箱传感器；
    所述无线通信单元以无线方式接入外部的无线通信网络，将上述部件输出的信号和所述防拆卸模块的标识一起通过所述无线通信网络传输给云端服务器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，所述报警信号包括以下信息之一或其任意组合：
    所述防拆卸模块的标识，所述物流器具的标识，报警被触发的时间，报警被触发的位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，所述防拆卸模块包括独立电池，为所述光电器件、所述无线通信单元和所述判断单元供电。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，还包括无线充电模块，与所述电池相连，用于对所述电池进行充电。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，所述密闭空间是一个腔体，该腔体的内表面使用反光系数低于预定门限的材料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，所述腔体的内表面为黑色磨砂材质。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的防拆卸的物流器具，其特征在于，所述防拆卸模块安装到所述密闭空间后，所述防拆卸模块的至少一个表面作为贴合面与所述物流器具的一个面相贴合，另有至少一个表面作为非贴合面处于所述密闭空间中但不与所述物流器具的任何面相贴合；
    所述光电器件有多个，其中至少一个光电器件设置在所述贴合面上，另有至少一个光电器件设置在所述非贴合面上；
    所述判断单元用于，如果所述贴合面上的光电器件输出的电信号大于约定门限则触发所述无线通信单元发射表示所述防拆卸模块完全脱离的报警信号，如果所述非贴合面上的光电器件输出的电信号大于约定门限则触发所述无线通信单元发射表示所述密闭空间破损的报警信号。
  9. 一种物流器具的防拆卸方法，其特征在于，包括：
    预先将防拆卸模块安装到物流器具上，使得所述防拆卸模块置于一个密闭空间的结构中；
    确定光电器件输出的代表光强的电信号大于约定门限；
    触发所述无线通信单元发射报警信号；
    其中，所述密闭空间的结构满足以下要求：
    所述密闭空间在安装所述防拆卸模块后是一个不透光的黑暗空间；并且，
    在所述防拆卸模块被从所述物流器具拆卸的过程中，所述密闭空间的光密闭性会至少暂时地被破坏而使得光线能够透入所述密闭空间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的物流器具的防拆卸方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在正常拆卸之前，从服务器向所述防拆卸模块发送表示暂定报警的指令；
    所述防拆卸模块收到所述指令后，禁止所述无线通信单元发射报警信号。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的物流器具的防拆卸方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    通过终端向服务器发送表示合法拆卸的请求，其中携带防拆卸模块或物流器具的标识；
    所述服务器收到所述请求后，在接收到的报警信号中忽略携带有所述防拆卸模块或物流器具的标识的报警信号。
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