WO2019113881A1 - 集流体、其制备方法及包含它的锂离子电池 - Google Patents

集流体、其制备方法及包含它的锂离子电池 Download PDF

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WO2019113881A1
WO2019113881A1 PCT/CN2017/116130 CN2017116130W WO2019113881A1 WO 2019113881 A1 WO2019113881 A1 WO 2019113881A1 CN 2017116130 W CN2017116130 W CN 2017116130W WO 2019113881 A1 WO2019113881 A1 WO 2019113881A1
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current collector
fabric
ion battery
lithium ion
lithium
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PCT/CN2017/116130
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑子剑
王东瑞
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香港纺织及成衣研发中心
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Priority to US16/609,253 priority Critical patent/US11374228B2/en
Priority to EP17934404.9A priority patent/EP3605679A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/116130 priority patent/WO2019113881A1/zh
Publication of WO2019113881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019113881A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
    • D06M13/51—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond
    • D06M13/513—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond with at least one carbon-silicon bond
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
    • D06M13/51—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond
    • D06M13/513—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond with at least one carbon-silicon bond
    • D06M13/5135—Unsaturated compounds containing silicon atoms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/02—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin
    • D06M14/04—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin of vegetal origin, e.g. cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/08—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin
    • D06M14/12—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M14/14—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/005—Applying monomolecular films on textile products like fibres, threads or fabrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • H01M4/747—Woven material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
    • D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/32—Polyesters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of electrochemistry, and in particular to a current collector, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium ion battery including the current collector.
  • lithium ion batteries With the rapid development of portable and wearable electronic devices, wearable lithium ion batteries with high energy density, high power density and strong mechanical stability are highly expected.
  • the existing aluminum/copper metal foil lithium ion battery is bulky, difficult to bend, and cannot withstand mechanical deformation such as bending, folding, and lifting.
  • Many flexible lithium ion batteries employ a carbon material such as a carbon nanotube film, a graphene film, and a carbonized fabric as a current collector.
  • carbon material such as a carbon nanotube film, a graphene film, and a carbonized fabric
  • Such lithium ion batteries have low conductivity and brittleness inherent in carbon materials, poor electrochemical energy storage capability, and poor mechanical flexibility.
  • For current collectors of lithium ion batteries there is still a lack of ideal materials with high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical flexibility.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a current collector, comprising the steps of: (1) anchoring a vinyl group to a fabric surface by a silylation reaction of a hydroxyl group on a surface of a fabric with a coupling agent; and (2) in-situ radical polymerization on a fabric.
  • a polymer brush is formed on the surface; (3) a catalyst ion is formed on the polymer brush by ion exchange, and then a metal coating is formed by electroless plating.
  • the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.
  • the catalyst ion is PdCl 4 2- .
  • the metal coating is a copper coating or a nickel coating.
  • the fabric is formed from at least one of cotton and polyester.
  • the present disclosure also provides a current collector formed by the above method.
  • the current collector coating has a sheet resistance of less than 0.25 ohms/square.
  • the present disclosure also provides a lithium ion battery including the above current collector.
  • the anode material of the lithium ion battery comprises Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
  • the cathode material of the lithium ion battery comprises LiFePO 4 .
  • the current collector of the present disclosure has high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical flexibility, and thus the lithium ion battery including the same is suitable for portable and wearable electronic devices.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the preparation of a current collector of the present invention.
  • 2A is an optical photograph of a copper coated polyester fabric current collector.
  • 2B is a SEM photograph of a copper coated polyester fabric current collector.
  • Figure 3A is an optical photograph of a nickel coated polyester fabric current collector.
  • Figure 3B is a SEM photograph of a nickel coated polyester fabric current collector.
  • Figure 4A is an optical photograph of a copper coated cotton fabric current collector.
  • Figure 4B is a SEM photograph of a copper coated cotton fabric current collector.
  • Figure 5A is an optical photograph of a nickel coated cotton fabric current collector.
  • Figure 5B is a SEM photograph of a nickel coated cotton fabric current collector.
  • Figure 6 is the electrical resistance of a nickel coated polyester fabric current collector when bent at different curvatures.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the change in resistance of a nickel coated polyester fabric current collector with a curvature of 1 mm.
  • Fig. 8 is a charge/discharge curve of LFP/Ni-cotton electrodes at different magnifications.
  • Figure 9 is a graph of capacity and coulombic efficiency versus cycle number for LFP/Ni-cotton electrodes at different magnifications.
  • Figure 10 is a charge/discharge curve for LTO/Cu-cotton electrodes at different magnifications.
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the capacity and coulombic efficiency versus cycle number for LTO/Cu-cotton electrodes at different magnifications.
  • Fig. 12 is a charge/discharge curve at a different magnification of a flexible lithium ion battery using an LFP/Ni-cotton electrode as a cathode and an LTO/Cu-cotton electrode as an anode.
  • Fig. 13 is a graph showing discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency at different magnifications of a flexible lithium ion battery using an LFP/Ni-cotton electrode as a cathode and an LTO/Cu-cotton electrode as an anode.
  • Figure 14 is a logarithmic plot of power density versus corresponding energy density for a flexible lithium ion battery with an LFP/Ni-cotton electrode as the cathode and an LTO/Cu-cotton electrode as the anode.
  • Figure 15 is a graph showing an open circuit voltage change of a flexible lithium ion battery using the current collector of the present invention folded at a frequency of 0.1 Hz.
  • the fabric is pretreated.
  • the fabric was immersed in a mixed aqueous solution of ethanol and acetic acid, the volume concentration of ethanol was 95%, and the volume concentration of acetic acid was 1%.
  • 1 mL of ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) was added, and silylation reaction was carried out for 1 hour at room temperature.
  • the silane-modified fabric was immersed in a 10% by volume aqueous solution of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (METAC), and subjected to radical polymerization at 80 ° C for 60 min using potassium persulfate as an initiator. .
  • METAC methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride
  • the fabric of grafted polymethacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride was immersed in a 5 mmol/L aqueous solution of (NH 4 ) 2 PdCl 4 for 20 min to pass PdCl 4 2- by ion exchange. fixed.
  • the modified fabric was immersed in an electroless plating bath for various times to prepare a current collector of the metal coated fabric. Copper coated and nickel coated fabrics were prepared using different electroless plating baths.
  • the copper-containing electroless plating bath for preparing a copper coated fabric is a concentration of 12 g/L of NaOH, a concentration of 13 g/L of CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, and a concentration of 29 g/L of sodium potassium tartrate (KNaC 4 H 4 O 6 ⁇ 4H 2 O) and an aqueous solution of HCHO at a concentration of 9.5 mL/L.
  • the plating bath was electrolessly plated at 25 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes to 2 hours.
  • the nickel-containing electroless plating bath for preparing a nickel coated fabric is a concentration of 40 g/L of NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O, a concentration of 20 g/L of NaCl, a concentration of 10 g/L of C 3 H 6 O 3 (lactic acid), and a concentration. It is an aqueous solution of 1 g/L of dimethylamine borane (DMAB).
  • DMAB dimethylamine borane
  • 2A-5B are photographs showing the production of a metal coated fabric. High quality metal coated fabrics can be obtained by careful control of the preparation process.
  • the conductivity of the prepared metal coated fabric was examined by a four-probe method. After the prepared metal coated fabric was cut into pieces of 5 cm ⁇ 1 cm, the sheet resistance was measured with a Keithley 2400 source meter.
  • Copper coated and nickel coated polyester fabrics after 90 minutes of electroless plating, have a sheet resistance as low as 0.25 ohms/square.
  • the prepared metal coated fabric current collectors were bent at different curvatures to evaluate the stability of their electrical conductivity.
  • Figure 6 is the electrical resistance of a nickel coated polyester fabric current collector when bent at different curvatures in the range of 0.1-10 mm. There is a slight increase in resistance in the case of bending. When the current collector is completely folded, the resistance is only increased by 20%.
  • the Ni coated polyester fabric current collector was bent for 1000 cycles to evaluate its stability.
  • Figure 7 shows that the resistance is only increased by 20% after the cycle test. It can also be seen that the resistivity of the Ni coated fabric current collector prepared after several foldings hardly changes. All of these results indicate that the prepared metal coated fabric current collector is suitable for use in a wearable lithium ion battery.
  • Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) and LiFePO 4 (LFP) are respectively used as an anode active material and a cathode active material of a lithium ion battery.
  • Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 or LiFePO 4 Li 4 Ti 5 O 12
  • LiFePO 4 LiFePO 4
  • conductive carbon black and polymer binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at a weight ratio of 8:1:1, and the above substances are in N-methyl group.
  • PVDF polymer binder polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the slurry is thoroughly mixed in pyrrolidone (NMP) to form a slurry.
  • the LTO-containing slurry is then uniformly applied to the prepared copper coated fabric current collector, or the LFP-containing slurry is uniformly applied to the prepared nickel coated fabric current collector. After drying at 80 ° C for 4 hours, the electrode was cut into a predetermined shape. The prepared electrode was used as a working electrode and a lithium foil was used as a counter electrode, and assembled into a half-cell. A porous polyethylene (PE) film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was used as a separator.
  • PE polyethylene
  • LiPF 6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • concentration of LiPF 6 was 1.0 mol/L.
  • the battery was assembled in a glove box with water and oxygen below 1 ppm in argon.
  • Figures 8 and 11 show the electrochemical performance of LFP/Ni-cotton electrodes. At 0.2C to 10C, the electrodes exhibit good energy storage performance.
  • the capacity densities of discharge at 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1 C, 2 C, 5 C, and 10 C rates were 130 mAh/g, 120 mAh/g, 100 mAh/g, 80 mAh/g, 45 mAh/g, and 10 mAh/g, respectively.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show the electrochemical performance of LTO/Cu-cotton electrodes. At 0.2C to 10C, the electrodes exhibit good energy storage performance.
  • the capacity densities of discharge at 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1 C, 2 C, 5 C, and 10 C rates were 140 mAh/g, 130 mAh/g, 120 mAh/g, 100 mAh/g, 65 mAh/g, and 20 mAh/g, respectively.
  • LFP/Ni-cotton is used as the cathode
  • LTO/Cu-cotton is used as the anode
  • the aluminum plastic bag is used as the package to form a flexible full battery.
  • Other materials are the same as half batteries.
  • Fig. 12 shows charge/discharge curves at different magnifications. The results show that the discharge platform is 1.85V.
  • the weight capacity density of the full battery decreases.
  • the capacity density decreased from 122 mAh/g at 2 C to 70 mAh/g at 5C.
  • the full battery can meet the requirements of relatively high coulombic efficiency (Figure 13).
  • Figure 14 is a graph showing the logarithmic relationship between the power density of a full cell and the corresponding energy density. It can be seen from the figure that the energy density and power density of the full battery are good.
  • FIG. 15 A graph of the open circuit voltage (OPV) versus time is shown in Fig. 15, with the open circuit voltage of the battery sample not being folded as a reference line. As can be seen from the figure, when the full battery is folded at a frequency of 0.1 Hz, the open circuit voltage fluctuation of the battery is less than 0.01V. After 1000 folding cycles, the battery still works. It can be seen that when the battery is subjected to mechanical deformation, the energy storage performance still exhibits excellent stability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种集流体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)通过织物表面的羟基与偶联剂硅烷化反应将乙烯基锚定于织物表面；(2)通过原位自由基聚合在织物表面形成高分子刷；(3)通过离子交换在高分子刷上形成催化剂离子，之后化学镀形成金属涂层。还提供该方法制备的集流体和包含该集流体的锂离子电池。该集流体具有高导电性和优异的机械灵活性，因此包含该集流体的锂离子电池适用于便携式和可穿戴电子设备。

Description

集流体、其制备方法及包含它的锂离子电池 技术领域
本公开涉及电化学领域，具体涉及集流体、其制备方法及包含该集流体的锂离子电池。
背景技术
随着便携式和可穿戴电子设备的快速发展，非常期待具有高能量密度，高功率密度和强大机械稳定性的可穿戴锂离子电池。然而，现有的铝/铜金属箔锂离子电池体积庞大，不易弯曲，不能承受弯曲、折叠、翘起等机械变形。许多柔性锂离子电池采用诸如碳纳米管薄膜、石墨烯薄膜和碳化织物的碳材料作为集电体。但是，这类锂离子电池具有碳材料本来具有的低导电性和脆性、电化学储能能力较差、机械柔韧性较差。对于锂离子电池的集电体而言，仍然缺少具有高导电性和优异的机械灵活性的理想材料。
发明内容
本公开提供一种集流体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)通过织物表面的羟基与偶联剂硅烷化反应将乙烯基锚定于织物表面；(2)通过原位自由基聚合在织物表面形成高分子刷；(3)通过离子交换在高分子刷上形成催化剂离子，之后化学镀形成金属涂层。
根据一实施方式，所述偶联剂是硅烷偶联剂。
根据另一实施方式，所述催化剂离子是PdCl4 2-。
根据另一实施方式，所述金属涂层是铜涂层或镍涂层。
根据另一实施方式，所述织物由棉和聚酯中的至少一种形成。
本公开还提供一种采用上述方法制成集流体。
根据一实施方式，所述集流体涂层的面电阻小于0.25欧姆/平方。
本公开还提供一种包括上述集流体的锂离子电池。
根据一实施方式，所述锂离子电池的阳极材料包括Li4Ti5O12。
根据另一实施方式，所述锂离子电池的阴极材料包括LiFePO4。
本公开的集流体具有高导电性和优异的机械灵活性，因此包含它的锂离子电池适用于便携式和可穿戴电子设备。
附图说明
图1是本发明的制备集流体的示意图。
图2A是铜涂覆聚酯织物集流体的光学照片。
图2B是铜涂覆聚酯织物集流体的SEM照片。
图3A是镍涂覆聚酯织物集流体的光学照片。
图3B是镍涂覆聚酯织物集流体的SEM照片。
图4A是铜涂覆棉织物集流体的光学照片。
图4B是铜涂覆棉织物集流体的SEM照片。
图5A是镍涂覆棉织物集流体的光学照片。
图5B是镍涂覆棉织物集流体的SEM照片。
图6是镍涂覆聚酯织物集流体在不同曲率下弯折时的电阻。
图7是镍涂覆聚酯织物集流体以曲率1mm弯曲的电阻变化曲线图。
图8是LFP/Ni-棉电极不同倍率下的充/放电曲线。
图9是LFP/Ni-棉电极不同倍率下的容量和库伦效率相对于循环次数的示图。
图10是LTO/Cu-棉电极不同倍率下的充/放电曲线。
图11是LTO/Cu-棉电极不同倍率下的容量和库伦效率相对于循环次数的示图。
图12是以LFP/Ni-棉电极作为阴极、LTO/Cu-棉电极作为阳极的柔性锂离子电池不同倍率下的充/放电曲线。
图13是LFP/Ni-棉电极作为阴极、LTO/Cu-棉电极作为阳极的柔性锂离子电池不同倍率下的放电容量和库伦效率示图。
图14是LFP/Ni-棉电极作为阴极、LTO/Cu-棉电极作为阳极的柔性锂离子电池的功率密度与对应能量密度的对数关系图。
图15是使用本发明集流体的柔性锂离子电池以0.1Hz的频率折叠的开路电压变化曲线图。
具体实施方式
首先，预处理织物。将织物浸渍于乙醇和乙酸的混合水溶液中，乙醇体积浓度是95％，乙酸的体积浓度是1％。然后，加入1mL的γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)，室温下硅烷化反应1小时。之后，将硅烷修饰的织物浸渍于体积浓度10％的甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(METAC)水溶液中，在80℃下使用过硫酸钾作为引发剂进行自由基聚合反应60min。然后，将接枝聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(PMETAC)的织物浸渍于5mmol/L的(NH4)2PdCl4水溶液中20min，以通过离子交换将PdCl4 2-固定。最后，将修饰后的织物浸渍于化学镀浴不同时间以制备金属涂覆织物的集流体。用不同的化学镀浴制备铜涂覆和镍涂覆织物。
制备铜涂覆织物的含铜化学镀浴是浓度为12g/L的NaOH、浓度为13g/L的CuSO4·5H2O、浓度为29g/L的酒石酸钾钠(KNaC4H4O6·4H2O)和浓度为9.5mL/L的HCHO的水溶液。在25摄氏度下，该镀浴中化学镀5分钟-2小时。
制备镍涂覆织物的含镍化学镀浴是浓度为40g/L的NiSO4·6H2O、浓度为20g/L的NaCl、浓度为10g/L的C3H6O3(乳酸)和浓度为1g/L的二甲基胺硼烷(DMAB)的水溶液。在25摄氏度下，该镀浴中化学镀5分钟-2小时。
图2A-5B是示出制得金属涂覆织物的照片。通过仔细控制制备过程可以获得高质量的金属涂覆织物。
通过四探针方法检测制备的金属涂覆织物的导电率。将制备的金属涂覆织物裁切成5cm×1cm的片后，用吉时利(Keithley)2400源表检测面电阻。
铜涂覆和镍涂覆聚酯织物，化学镀90min之后，面电阻低至0.25Ω/平方(ohm/square)。
将制备的金属涂覆织物集流体以不同的曲率弯曲，以评价其导电率的稳定性。图6是镍涂覆聚酯织物集流体在0.1-10mm范围内的不同曲率下弯折时的电阻。在弯曲的情况下电阻有轻微的增加。当集流体被完全折叠后，电阻仅增加20％。此外，对Ni涂覆聚酯织物集流体弯曲1000个循环以评估其稳定性。图7示出循环试验后，电阻仅增加20％。还可以看出经过几次折叠后制备的Ni涂覆织物集流体的电阻率几乎不变化。所有这些结果都表明制备的金属涂覆织物集流体适于用于可穿戴锂离子电池。
以上述制备的铜涂覆/镍涂覆织物，用作集流体。Li4Ti5O12(LTO)和LiFePO4(LFP)分别作为锂离子电池的阳极活性材料和阴极活性材料。以重量比8:1:1称量活性材料(Li4Ti5O12或LiFePO4)、导电炭黑和聚合物粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)，将上述物质在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中充分混合形成浆料。然后将含LTO的浆料均匀涂敷于制备的铜涂覆织物集流体上，或将含LFP的浆料均匀涂敷于制备的镍涂覆织物集流体上。80℃下干燥4小时后，将电极裁切成预定形状。分别用制备的电极作为工作电极、锂箔作为对电极，组装成半电池。厚度20μm的多孔聚乙烯(PE)膜作隔膜。六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)作为电解液溶质，体积比1：1的碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和碳酸丙烯酯(PC)的混合溶剂为电解液溶剂，LiPF6的浓度为1.0mol/L。在水和氧低于1ppm、氩气的手套箱内组装电池。
图8和11示出LFP/Ni-棉电极的电化学性能。在0.2C到10C倍率下，电极都表现出良好的储能性能。在0.2C、0.5C、1C、2C、5C和10C倍率下放电的容量密度分别是130mAh/g、120mAh/g、100mAh/g、80mAh/g、45mAh/g和10mAh/g。
图10和11示出LTO/Cu-棉电极的电化学性能。在0.2C到10C倍率下，电极都表现出良好的储能性能。在0.2C、0.5C、1C、2C、5C和10C倍率下放电的容量密度分别是140mAh/g、130mAh/g、120mAh/g、100mAh/g、65mAh/g和20mAh/g。
以LFP/Ni-棉为阴极、LTO/Cu-棉为阳极，以铝塑袋作封装形成柔性全电池。其他材料与半电池相同。在0.7-2.4V的范围内测试全电池。图12示出不同倍率下的充/放电曲线。结果表明，放电平台为1.85V。随着电流密度的增加，全电池的重量容量密度降低。容量密度从2C下的122mAh/g下降到5C下的70mAh/g。全电池可以满足相对高的库伦效率(图13)的要求。图14示出全电池的功率密度与对应能量密度的对数关系图。从图中可以看出全电池的能量密度和功率密度良好。
如图15示出开路电压(OPV)相对于的时间的曲线图，以不折叠电池样品的开路电压作为基准线。从图中可以看出，当0.1Hz的频率折叠上述全电池时，电池的开路电压波动低于0.01V。1000次折叠循环后，电池仍然可以正常工作。由此可以看出，当电池承受机械形变时，储能性能仍然表现出卓越的稳定性。
以上所述仅是本公开的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进、润饰及工艺优化，这些若干改进、润饰及工艺优化也应视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种集流体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)通过织物表面的羟基与偶联剂硅烷化反应将乙烯基锚定于织物表面；
    (2)通过原位自由基聚合在织物表面形成高分子刷；
    (3)通过离子交换在高分子刷上形成催化剂离子，之后化学镀形成金属涂层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述偶联剂是硅烷偶联剂。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂离子是PdCl4 2-。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属涂层是铜涂层或镍涂层。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述织物由棉和聚酯中的至少一种形成。
  6. 一种集流体，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-5的方法制成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的集流体，其特征在于，所述集流体涂层的面电阻小于0.25欧姆/平方。
  8. 一种锂离子电池，其特征在于，包括权利要求6或7的集流体。
  9. 根据权利要求8的锂离子电池，其特征在于，阳极材料包括Li4Ti5O12。
  10. 根据权利要求8的锂离子电池，其特征在于，阴极材料包括LiFePO4。
PCT/CN2017/116130 2017-12-14 2017-12-14 集流体、其制备方法及包含它的锂离子电池 WO2019113881A1 (zh)

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