WO2019105242A1 - 一种脉冲电压发生装置、方法及控制器 - Google Patents

一种脉冲电压发生装置、方法及控制器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019105242A1
WO2019105242A1 PCT/CN2018/115956 CN2018115956W WO2019105242A1 WO 2019105242 A1 WO2019105242 A1 WO 2019105242A1 CN 2018115956 W CN2018115956 W CN 2018115956W WO 2019105242 A1 WO2019105242 A1 WO 2019105242A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
pulse
transformer
conversion circuit
discharge
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PCT/CN2018/115956
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范声芳
黄强
倪斌杰
陈飞
何杰
高洪羽
Original Assignee
苏州博思得电气有限公司
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Application filed by 苏州博思得电气有限公司 filed Critical 苏州博思得电气有限公司
Priority to US16/766,365 priority Critical patent/US11146250B2/en
Priority to JP2020545843A priority patent/JP2021505120A/ja
Priority to EP18884228.0A priority patent/EP3719987A4/en
Publication of WO2019105242A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019105242A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M11/00—Power conversion systems not covered by the preceding groups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of signal generator technologies, and in particular, to a pulse voltage generating device, method and controller.
  • Pulse voltage technology refers to the rapid release of energy in the form of electrical energy after a relatively long period of time storage, thereby generating high voltage pulses.
  • the essence of pulse voltage technology is to compress the pulse energy on a time scale to obtain a high peak voltage output in a short time (nanosecond to hundred microseconds).
  • the prior art can obtain a higher pulse voltage value through a step-up transformer, and the pulse voltage generating device used is as shown in FIG. 1 , and a half bridge circuit is connected in parallel across the DC voltage source, and the output end of the half bridge circuit is connected to the transformer. On the low voltage side, the high voltage side of the transformer acts as a pulse voltage output terminal.
  • the bipolar circuit outputs a low voltage bipolar pulse signal. . For example, when the controllable controllable switches S10 and S40 are closed and S20 and S30 are open, the current on the low voltage side of the transformer can be caused to flow as indicated by the arrow in FIG.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a pulse voltage generating apparatus, method, and controller to solve the problem that it is difficult to increase the high-voltage pulse frequency limitation, and the rising edge and the falling edge time of the high-voltage pulse are long.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a pulse voltage generating apparatus including: a transformer; a first AC/DC conversion circuit having an AC side connected to a high voltage side of the transformer; a storage capacitor, and the first AC/DC The DC side of the conversion circuit is connected for storing electrical energy; and the discharge control circuit is connected in parallel with both ends of the storage capacitor for controlling discharge of the storage capacitor to generate a high voltage pulse.
  • the discharge control circuit includes: a first controllable switch S1, a second controllable switch S2, a third controllable switch S3, a fourth controllable switch S4, a discharge resistor and a first controller; In series with the S2, the S3 is connected in series with the S4; one end of the discharge resistor is connected between the S1 and the S2, and the other end is connected between the S3 and the S4; Both ends of the resistor serve as outputs of the discharge control circuit; the first controller is for controlling the S1, the S2, the S3, and the S4 to be closed or opened.
  • the device further includes: a second AC/DC conversion circuit whose AC side is connected to the power grid; and a DC/AC conversion circuit whose DC side is connected to the DC side of the second AC/DC conversion circuit, The AC side is connected to the low voltage side of the transformer.
  • the DC/AC conversion circuit includes: a fifth controllable switch S5, a sixth controllable switch S6, a seventh controllable switch S7, an eighth controllable switch S8, and a second controller;
  • the S6 is connected in series, and the S7 is connected in series with the S8; one end of the output end of the DC/AC conversion circuit is located between the S5 and the S6, and the other end is located between the S7 and the S8;
  • the second controller is for controlling the S5, the S6, the S7, and the S8 to be closed or opened.
  • the magnetic core of the transformer includes at least two high voltage coils; each high voltage coil is connected to a first AC/DC conversion circuit, and correspondingly has at least one storage capacitor and a discharge control circuit; the discharge control circuit Both ends of the output terminals in parallel are used as outputs of the pulse voltage generating means.
  • the transformer includes at least two magnetic cores; a low-voltage side of each magnetic core is correspondingly connected to a DC/AC conversion circuit, and input ends of the plurality of DC/AC conversion circuits are connected in parallel to the second AC/DC conversion circuit. The output.
  • the transformer comprises at least two magnetic cores; the input of the low side coil of each core is connected in parallel to the output of the DC/AC conversion circuit.
  • controllable switch employs a Si-MOSFET or a SiC-MOSFET.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a pulse voltage generating method, comprising: controlling a square wave voltage to be applied to a low voltage side of a transformer; and the square wave voltage is boosted by the transformer, and converted into a direct current voltage by an AC/DC conversion circuit. Charging the storage capacitor; controlling the discharge control circuit in parallel with the storage capacitor to discharge a high voltage pulse.
  • the method further includes: acquiring a voltage of the storage capacitor; determining whether a voltage of the storage capacitor reaches a predetermined value; and when a voltage of the storage capacitor reaches the predetermined value, stopping the control The storage capacitor is charged.
  • the discharge control circuit includes: a first controllable switch S1, a second controllable switch S2, a third controllable switch S3, a fourth controllable switch S4, a discharge resistor and a first controller;
  • the S3 is connected in series with the S4; one end of the discharge resistor is connected between the S1 and the S2, and the other end is connected between the S3 and the S4;
  • One end of the S3 is connected to one end of the S3; both ends of the discharge resistor serve as an output end of the discharge control circuit;
  • the first controller is configured to control the S1, the S2, the S3, and the S4 Closing or opening;
  • the step of controlling the discharge control circuit connected in parallel with the storage capacitor to generate a high voltage pulse comprises: obtaining a polarity of a pulse voltage of a desired output; and when the pulse voltage of the desired output is the first pole S1, the S4 is closed, and the S2 and S3 are disconnected and maintained for a predetermined length of time, and then the S1, the
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a pulse voltage generating apparatus including: a first control unit for controlling a square wave voltage applied to a low voltage side of a transformer; and the square wave voltage is boosted by the transformer, by AC/ The DC conversion circuit is converted into a DC voltage to charge the storage capacitor; and a second control unit is configured to control discharge of the discharge control circuit in parallel with the storage capacitor to generate a high voltage pulse.
  • the device further includes: an acquiring unit, configured to acquire a voltage of the storage capacitor; and a determining unit, configured to determine whether a voltage of the storage capacitor reaches a predetermined value; and a third control unit, configured to be When the voltage of the storage capacitor reaches the predetermined value, the control stops charging the storage capacitor.
  • the discharge control circuit includes: a first controllable switch S1, a second controllable switch S2, a third controllable switch S3, a fourth controllable switch S4, a discharge resistor and a first controller;
  • the S3 is connected in series with the S4; one end of the discharge resistor is connected between the S1 and the S2, and the other end is connected between the S3 and the S4;
  • One end of the S3 is connected to one end of the S3; both ends of the discharge resistor serve as an output end of the discharge control circuit;
  • the first controller is configured to control the S1, the S2, the S3, and the S4 Closing or opening;
  • the second control unit comprises: an acquisition subunit for acquiring a polarity of a pulse voltage of a desired output; and a first control subunit for when the pulse voltage of the desired output is the first polarity Controlling the S1, the S4 is closed, and the S2, the S3 are disconnected and maintained for a predetermined length of time, and then controlling the S1, the
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides a controller comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, the computer program being executed by the processor to implement the second aspect or any alternative embodiment thereof The pulse voltage generation method described.
  • the pulse voltage generating device, method and controller provided by the embodiments of the invention provide a storage capacitor on the high voltage side of the transformer, and control the discharge of the storage capacitor through the discharge control circuit to generate a high voltage pulse, thereby avoiding the high voltage caused by the induced magnetic field change of the transformer.
  • the high-voltage pulse frequency outputted by the side is difficult to increase, and the rising edge and falling edge time of the high-voltage pulse are long.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a conventional pulse voltage generating device
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the principle of a pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing still another pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of still another pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing still another pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram showing still another pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a pulse voltage generating method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing still another pulse voltage generating method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the principle of a pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a block diagram of a further pulse voltage generating device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes a transformer 10, a first AC/DC conversion circuit 20, a storage capacitor 30, and a discharge control circuit 40.
  • a low square wave voltage is applied to the low voltage side of the transformer 10.
  • the AC side of the first AC/DC converter circuit 20 is connected to the high voltage side of the transformer 10.
  • the storage capacitor 30 is a device containing a capacitor (also referred to as a storage capacitor), and its function is mainly to store electrical energy, which is different from the filtering effect of a simple capacitive device.
  • the storage capacitor 30 is connected to the DC side of the first AC/DC converter circuit 20.
  • the discharge control circuit 40 is connected in parallel with both ends of the storage capacitor 30 for controlling the discharge of the storage capacitor 30 to generate a high voltage pulse.
  • the above pulse voltage generating device is provided with a storage capacitor on the high voltage side of the transformer, and the discharge control circuit controls the discharge of the storage capacitor to generate a high voltage pulse, thereby avoiding the limitation of the high voltage pulse output of the high voltage side due to the change of the induced magnetic field of the transformer. And the problem that the rising edge and the falling edge of the high voltage pulse are long.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a further pulse voltage generating device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the discharge control circuit 40 includes a first controllable switch S1, a second controllable switch S2, a third controllable switch S3, a fourth controllable switch S4, a discharge resistor R and a first controller 41.
  • S1 is connected in series with S2, and S3 is connected in series with S4.
  • One end of the discharge resistor R is connected between S1 and S2, and the other end is connected between S3 and S4 to form an H-bridge circuit.
  • Both ends of the discharge resistor R serve as the output terminal of the discharge control circuit 40, that is, the voltage across the discharge resistor R is output as a high voltage pulse.
  • the first controller 41 is used to control S1, S2, S3 and S4 to be closed or opened, so that the output voltage can be bipolar, that is, the output voltage can be either a positive voltage or a negative voltage.
  • the apparatus may further include a second AC/DC conversion circuit 50 and a DC/AC conversion circuit 60.
  • the AC side of the second AC/DC converter circuit 50 is connected to the grid.
  • the DC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 60 is connected to the DC side of the second AC/DC converter circuit 50, and the AC side thereof is connected to the low voltage side of the transformer 10.
  • the second AC/DC conversion circuit first converts the low-frequency grid voltage into a DC voltage, and then converts the higher-frequency square-wave voltage through the DC/AC conversion circuit to achieve rapid charging of the storage capacitor.
  • the DC/AC conversion circuit 60 includes a fifth controllable switch S5, a sixth controllable switch S6, a seventh controllable switch S7, and an eighth controllable The switch S8 and the second controller 61.
  • S5 is connected in series with S6, and S7 is connected in series with S8.
  • One end of the output end of the DC/AC conversion circuit 60 is located between S5 and S6, and the other end is located between S7 and S8.
  • the second controller 61 is used to control whether S5, S6, S7 and S8 are closed or open, and the DC voltage can be converted to a unipolar or bipolar square wave voltage output.
  • the magnetic core of the transformer 10 includes at least two high voltage coils.
  • Each of the high voltage coils is connected to a first AC/DC conversion circuit (for example, 21, 22, and 23), and at least one storage capacitor (for example, 31, 32, and 33) and a discharge control circuit 40 (for example, 41, 42 and 43). Both ends of the discharge control circuit 40 are connected in parallel as an output terminal of the pulse voltage generating means.
  • the transformer 10 includes at least two magnetic cores, and the low voltage side of each magnetic core is correspondingly connected to a DC/AC conversion circuit (for example, 61 and 62), The input terminals of the DC/AC conversion circuits 60 are connected in parallel to the output of the second AC/DC conversion circuit 50.
  • the transformer 10 includes at least two magnetic cores, and the input end of the low-voltage side coil of each magnetic core is connected in parallel to the DC/AC conversion circuit. The output of 60.
  • controllable switch in the present application may employ a Si-MOSFET or a SiC-MOSFET.
  • Si-MOSFET or SiC-MOSFETs have low on-resistance and switching losses, and high switching frequency.
  • the inventor's experimental research shows that the rising and falling edge times of the pulse high voltage output by the device when using Si-MOSFET can be less than 1 ⁇ s, or 100ns, and the rise and fall of the pulse high voltage output by the device when using Si-MOSFET.
  • the time along can be less than 10 ns.
  • the above-mentioned pulse voltage generating device can avoid the problem that it is difficult to increase the high-voltage pulse frequency, and the rising edge and the falling edge time of the high-voltage pulse are long.
  • the first embodiment refers to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a pulse voltage generating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be implemented by using the pulse voltage generating device of the first embodiment or the second embodiment or any of the alternative embodiments. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes the following steps:
  • control applies a square wave voltage on the low voltage side of the transformer, and the square wave voltage is boosted by the transformer, and is converted into a DC voltage by the AC/DC conversion circuit to charge the storage capacitor.
  • S20 Control discharging the discharge control circuit in parallel with the storage capacitor to generate a high voltage pulse.
  • the above pulse voltage generating method stores energy through a storage capacitor disposed on a high voltage side of the transformer, and controls a discharge of the storage capacitor through a discharge control circuit to generate a high voltage pulse, thereby avoiding a high voltage pulse frequency outputted by the high voltage side due to a change in the induced magnetic field of the transformer.
  • the problem is that it is difficult to increase and the rising and falling edges of the high voltage pulse are long.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing still another pulse voltage generating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be implemented by using the pulse voltage generating device of the first embodiment or the second embodiment or any alternative embodiment thereof.
  • the difference between the method and the third embodiment is that the method further includes the following steps:
  • step S40 Determine whether the voltage of the storage capacitor reaches a predetermined value. When the voltage of the storage capacitor reaches a predetermined value, step S50 is performed; otherwise, step S10 is continued.
  • S50 Control stops charging the storage capacitor. There are a plurality of methods for stopping the charging of the storage capacitors, which is not limited in this application.
  • step S20 in the third embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the polarity of the pulse voltage required for the output can be either user-entered or required by other programs.
  • the voltage at the left end of the discharge resistor R is higher than the voltage at the right end.
  • the pulse voltage of the required output is a positive voltage
  • the pulsed high voltage is step S22.
  • Step S22 may be performed once to output a positive pulse high voltage.
  • step S22 may be performed a plurality of times to continuously output a positive pulse high voltage.
  • Step S23 is similar to step S22, and accordingly, those skilled in the art should be able to understand step S23, and details are not described herein again.
  • the frequency of the change of the controllable switch control signal may be controlled to control the duty ratio of the finally output high voltage pulse.
  • the pulse voltage generating method described above can avoid the problem that the high-voltage pulse frequency is difficult to be limited, and the rising edge and the falling edge time of the high-voltage pulse are long.
  • the third embodiment refers to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be used to implement the pulse voltage generating method according to Embodiment 3 or Embodiment 4 or any optional embodiment thereof.
  • the apparatus includes a first control unit 10 and a second control unit 20.
  • the first control unit 10 is for controlling the application of a square wave voltage on the low voltage side of the transformer. After the square wave voltage is boosted by the transformer, it is converted into a DC voltage by the AC/DC conversion circuit to charge the storage capacitor.
  • the second control unit 20 is configured to control discharge of the discharge control circuit in parallel with the storage capacitor to generate a high voltage pulse.
  • the above-mentioned pulse voltage generating device can avoid the problem that it is difficult to increase the high-voltage pulse frequency, and the rising edge and the falling edge time of the high-voltage pulse are long.
  • the third embodiment refers to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of still another pulse voltage generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be used to implement pulse voltage generation according to Embodiment 3 or Embodiment 4 or any of its optional embodiments. method.
  • the difference from the fifth embodiment is that the acquisition unit 30, the determination unit 40, and the third control unit 50 are further included.
  • the obtaining unit 30 is configured to acquire the voltage of the storage capacitor.
  • the determining unit 40 is configured to determine whether the voltage of the storage capacitor reaches a predetermined value.
  • the third control unit 50 is configured to stop charging the energy storage capacitor when the voltage of the storage capacitor reaches a predetermined value.
  • the discharge control circuit adopts a circuit configuration as shown in FIG.
  • One end of S1 is connected to one end of S3.
  • the second control unit 20 in the fifth embodiment may include the acquisition subunit 21, the first control subunit 22, and the second control subunit 23.
  • the acquisition subunit 21 is used to acquire the polarity of the pulse voltage of the desired output.
  • the first control sub-unit 22 is configured to control the S1, S4 to be closed and S2, S3 to be off and maintained for a predetermined period of time when the pulse voltage of the desired output is the first polarity, and then control the S1, S2, S3 and S4 to be disconnected .
  • the second control subunit 23 is for controlling S2, S3 to be closed and S1, S4 to be turned off and maintained for a predetermined length of time, and then controlling S1, S2, S3 and S4 are both turned off.
  • the pulse voltage generating method described above can avoid the problem that the high-voltage pulse frequency is difficult to be limited, and the rising edge and the falling edge time of the high-voltage pulse are long.
  • the third embodiment refers to the third embodiment.
  • the present invention also provides a controller, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, implementing Embodiment 3 or Embodiment 4 or any optional embodiment thereof The pulse voltage generation method described.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种脉冲电压发生装置、方法及控制器，其中所述装置包括：变压器；第一AC/DC转换电路，其交流侧与所述变压器的高压侧连接；储能电容，与所述第一AC/DC转换电路的直流侧连接，用于储存电能；放电控制电路，与所述储能电容的两端并联，用于控制所述储能电容放电以产生高压脉冲。本发明在变压器的高压侧设置储能电容，通过放电控制电路控制储能电容放电从而产生高压脉冲，避免了由于变压器感应磁场变化使得高压侧所输出的高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题。

Description

一种脉冲电压发生装置、方法及控制器 技术领域
本发明涉及信号发生器技术领域，具体涉及一种脉冲电压发生装置、方法及控制器。
背景技术
脉冲电压技术指的是把能量经过相对长的时间存储后，以电能的形式在在极短时间内快速释放，从而产生高压脉冲。脉冲电压技术的实质是将脉冲能量在时间尺度上进行压缩，以获得在短时间内(纳秒级至百微秒级)的高峰值电压输出。为使脉冲电压技术具有较好的应用效果，往往要求脉冲电压的上升沿和下降沿时间较短，脉冲宽度较小。
现有技术通过升压变压器能够得到较高的脉冲电压值，其所采用的脉冲电压发生装置如图1所示，在直流电压源两端并联半桥电路，半桥电路的输出端连接变压器的低压侧，变压器的高压侧作为脉冲电压输出端，通过控制半桥电路的四个可控开关S10、S20、S30和S40的闭合和断开时间来控制半桥电路输出低压的双极性脉冲信号。例如，控制可控开关S10和S40闭合、S20和S30断开时，可以使得变压器低压侧的电流流向如图1中箭头所示；控制可控开关S10和S40断开、S20和S30闭合时，可以使得变压器低压侧的电流流向与图1中箭头所示方向相反。当升压变压器的低压侧通以交变的电流时，变压器高压侧会感应产生电压。图1中直流电压源两端并联的电容C用于滤波。
然而，由于变压器内感应磁场变化需要一定的时间，变压器高压侧所输出的高压脉冲的频率受到限制难以提高，并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种脉冲电压发生装置、方法及控制器，以解决高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题。
本发明第一方面提供了一种脉冲电压发生装置，包括：变压器；第一AC/DC转换电路，其交流侧与所述变压器的高压侧连接；储能电容，与所述第一AC/DC转换电路的直流侧连接，用于储存电能；放电控制电路，与所述储能电容的两端并联，用于控制所述储能电容放电以产生高压脉冲。
可选地，所述放电控制电路包括：第一可控开关S1、第二可控开关S2、第三可控开关S3、第四可控开关S4、放电电阻和第一控制器；所述S1与所述S2串联，所述S3与所述S4串联；所述放电电阻的一端连接在所述S1和所述S2之间，另一端连接在所述S3和所述S4之间；所述放电电阻的两端作为所述放电控制电路的输出端；所述第一控制器用于控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4闭合或断开。
可选地，所述装置还包括：第二AC/DC转换电路，其交流侧与电网连接；DC/AC转换电路，其直流侧与所述第二AC/DC转换电路的直流侧连接，其交流侧与所述变压器的低压侧连接。
可选地，所述DC/AC转换电路包括：第五可控开关S5、第六可控开关S6、第七可控开关S7、第八可控开关S8和第二控制器；所述S5与所述S6串联，所述S7与所述S8串联；所述DC/AC转换电路输出端的一端位于所述S5与所述S6之间，另一端位于所述S7和所述S8之间；所述第二控制器用于控制所述S5、所述S6、所述S7和所述S8闭合或断开。
可选地，所述变压器的磁芯包括至少两个高压线圈；每个高压线圈对应连接一个第一AC/DC转换电路，对应连接有至少一个储能电容及放电控制电路；所述放电控制电路的输出端并联后的两端作为所述脉冲电压发生装置的输出端。
可选地，所述变压器包括至少两个磁芯；每个磁芯的低压侧对应连接 一个DC/AC转换电路，多个DC/AC转换电路的输入端并联连接至第二AC/DC转换电路的输出端。
可选地，所述变压器包括至少两个磁芯；每个磁芯的低压侧线圈的输入端并联连接至DC/AC转换电路的输出端。
可选地，可控开关采用Si-MOSFET或SiC-MOSFET。
本发明第二方面提供了一种脉冲电压发生方法，包括：控制在变压器的低压侧施加方波电压；所述方波电压经所述变压器升压后，由AC/DC转换电路转换成直流电压为储能电容充电；控制与所述储能电容并联的放电控制电路放电以产生高压脉冲。
可选地，所述方法还包括：获取所述储能电容的电压；判断所述储能电容的电压是否达到预定值；当所述储能电容的电压达到所述预定值时，控制停止为所述储能电容充电。
可选地，所述放电控制电路包括：第一可控开关S1、第二可控开关S2、第三可控开关S3、第四可控开关S4、放电电阻和第一控制器；所述S1与所述S2串联，所述S3与所述S4串联；所述放电电阻的一端连接在所述S1和所述S2之间，另一端连接在所述S3和所述S4之间；所述S1的一端与所述S3的一端连接；所述放电电阻的两端作为所述放电控制电路的输出端；所述第一控制器用于控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4闭合或断开；所述控制与所述储能电容并联的放电控制电路放电以产生高压脉冲的步骤包括：获取所需输出的脉冲电压的极性；当所需输出的脉冲电压为第一极性时，控制所述S1、所述S4闭合并且所述S2、所述S3断开并维持预定时长，再控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4均断开；当所需输出的脉冲电压为与所述第一极性相反的第二极性时，控制所述S2、所述S3闭合并且所述S1、所述S4断开并维持预定时长，再控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4均断开。
本发明第三方面提供了一种脉冲电压发生装置，包括：第一控制单元，用于控制在变压器的低压侧施加方波电压；所述方波电压经所述变压器升压后，由AC/DC转换电路转换成直流电压为储能电容充电；第二控制单元， 用于控制与所述储能电容并联的放电控制电路放电以产生高压脉冲。
可选地，所述装置还包括：获取单元，用于获取所述储能电容的电压；判断单元，用于判断所述储能电容的电压是否达到预定值；第三控制单元，用于当所述储能电容的电压达到所述预定值时，控制停止为所述储能电容充电。
可选地，所述放电控制电路包括：第一可控开关S1、第二可控开关S2、第三可控开关S3、第四可控开关S4、放电电阻和第一控制器；所述S1与所述S2串联，所述S3与所述S4串联；所述放电电阻的一端连接在所述S1和所述S2之间，另一端连接在所述S3和所述S4之间；所述S1的一端与所述S3的一端连接；所述放电电阻的两端作为所述放电控制电路的输出端；所述第一控制器用于控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4闭合或断开；所述第二控制单元包括：获取子单元，用于获取所需输出的脉冲电压的极性；第一控制子单元，用于当所需输出的脉冲电压为第一极性时，控制所述S1、所述S4闭合并且所述S2、所述S3断开并维持预定时长，再控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4均断开；第二控制子单元，用于当所需输出的脉冲电压为与所述第一极性相反的第二极性时，控制所述S2、所述S3闭合并且所述S1、所述S4断开并维持预定时长，再控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4均断开。
本发明第四方面提供了一种控制器，包括存储器和处理器，其中所述存储器存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现第二方面或者其任意一种可选实施方式所述的脉冲电压发生方法。
本发明实施例所提供的脉冲电压发生装置、方法及控制器，在变压器的高压侧设置储能电容，通过放电控制电路控制储能电容放电从而产生高压脉冲，避免了由于变压器感应磁场变化使得高压侧所输出的高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题。
附图说明
通过参考附图会更加清楚的理解本发明的特征和优点，附图是示意性的而不应理解为对本发明进行任何限制，在附图中：
图1示出了现有脉冲电压发生装置的电路原理图；
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图；
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的再一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图；
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的又一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图；
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的又一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图；
图6示出了根据本发明实施例的又一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图；
图7示出了根据本发明实施的一种脉冲电压发生方法的流程图；
图8示出了根据本发明实施的再一种脉冲电压发生方法的流程图；
图9示出了根据本发明实施例的一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图；
图10示出了根据本发明实施例的再一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图。该装置包括变压器10、第一AC/DC转换电路20、储能电容30和放电控制电路40。
变压器10的低压侧施加较低的方波电压。第一AC/DC转换电路20的交流侧与变压器10的高压侧连接。储能电容30为一种包含电容的器件(也可以称之为储能电容器)，其作用主要是储存电能，不同于简单电容器件的 滤波作用。储能电容30与第一AC/DC转换电路20的直流侧连接。放电控制电路40与储能电容30的两端并联，用于控制储能电容30放电以产生高压脉冲。
上述脉冲电压发生装置，在变压器的高压侧设置储能电容，通过放电控制电路控制储能电容放电从而产生高压脉冲，避免了由于变压器感应磁场变化使得高压侧所输出的高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题。
实施例二
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的再一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图。与实施例一的区别在于，放电控制电路40包括第一可控开关S1、第二可控开关S2、第三可控开关S3、第四可控开关S4、放电电阻R和第一控制器41。其中，S1与S2串联，S3与S4串联，放电电阻R的一端连接在S1和S2之间，另一端连接在S3和S4之间，构成H桥电路。放电电阻R的两端作为放电控制电路40的输出端，也即将放电电阻R两端的电压作为高压脉冲输出。第一控制器41用于控制S1、S2、S3和S4闭合或断开，使得输出电压可以为双极性，即输出电压既可以为正电压，也可以为负电压。
由于电网电压的频率较低，若直接连接变压器的低压侧则难以对储能电容30快速充电，从而该脉冲电压发生装置难以输出较高频的脉冲高压。为此，该装置还可以包括第二AC/DC转换电路50和DC/AC转换电路60。第二AC/DC转换电路50的交流侧与电网连接。DC/AC转换电路60的直流侧与第二AC/DC转换电路50的直流侧连接，其交流侧与变压器10的低压侧连接。通过第二AC/DC转换电路先将低频的电网电压转换为直流电压，然后再通过DC/AC转换电路转换得到较高频的方波电压，以实现为储能电容快速充电。
作为本实施例的一种可选实施方式，如图3所示，DC/AC转换电路60包括第五可控开关S5、第六可控开关S6、第七可控开关S7、第八可控开关S8和第二控制器61。S5与S6串联，S7与S8串联，DC/AC转换电路60输出端的一端位于S5与S6之间，另一端位于S7和S8之间。第二控制 器61用于控制S5、S6、S7和S8闭合或断开，可以将直流电压转换为单极性或双极性的方波电压输出。
作为本实施例的一种可选实施方式，如图4所示，变压器10的磁芯包括至少两个高压线圈。每个高压线圈对应连接一个第一AC/DC转换电路(例如21、22和23)，对应连接有至少一个储能电容(例如31、32和33)及放电控制电路40(例如41、42和43)。放电控制电路40的输出端并联后的两端作为脉冲电压发生装置的输出端。
作为本实施例的一种可选实施方式，如图5所示，变压器10包括至少两个磁芯，每个磁芯的低压侧对应连接一个DC/AC转换电路(例如61和62)，多个DC/AC转换电路60的输入端并联连接至第二AC/DC转换电路50的输出端。或者，作为该可选实施方式的一种可替换实施方式，如图6所示，变压器10包括至少两个磁芯，每个磁芯的低压侧线圈的输入端并联连接至DC/AC转换电路60的输出端。
可选地，本申请中的可控开关可以采用Si-MOSFET或SiC-MOSFET。Si-MOSFET或SiC-MOSFET的导通电阻和开关损耗较低、开关频率较高。发明人的试验研究表明，采用Si-MOSFET时该装置所输出的脉冲高压的上升沿和下降沿时间可以小于1μs，或100ns，采用Si-MOSFET时该装置所输出的脉冲高压的上升沿和下降沿时间可以小于10ns。
上述脉冲电压发生装置，能够避免高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题，具体请参见实施例一。
实施例三
图7示出了根据本发明实施的一种脉冲电压发生方法的流程图，可以采用实施例一或实施例二或者其任意一种可选实施方式所述的脉冲电压发生装置来实现。如图7所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
S10：控制在变压器的低压侧施加方波电压，方波电压经变压器升压后，由AC/DC转换电路转换成直流电压为储能电容充电。
S20：控制与储能电容并联的放电控制电路放电以产生高压脉冲。
上述脉冲电压发生方法，通过设置在变压器高压侧的储能电容储存电 能，通过放电控制电路控制储能电容放电从而产生高压脉冲，避免了由于变压器感应磁场变化使得高压侧所输出的高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题。
实施例四
图8示出了根据本发明实施的再一种脉冲电压发生方法的流程图，可以采用实施例一或实施例二或者其任意一种可选实施方式所述的脉冲电压发生装置来实现。该方法与实施例三的区别在于，还包括如下步骤：
S30：获取储能电容的电压。
S40：判断储能电容的电压是否达到预定值。当储能电容的电压达到预定值时，执行步骤S50；否则继续执行步骤S10。
S50：控制停止为储能电容充电。控制停止为储能电容充电的方法可以有多种，本申请对此不做限定。
储能电容的容量较大，上述步骤S30、S40和S50在储能电容的电压达到预定值时便控制停止为储能电容充电，从而能够调整最终输出的脉冲高压的电压值。
可选地，放电控制电路采用如图3所示的电路结构。其中，S1的一端与S3的一端连接。那么实施例三中的步骤S20包括如下步骤：
S21：获取所需输出的脉冲电压的极性。
所需输出的脉冲电压的极性可以是用户输入的，也可以是其他程序产生的需求。
S22：当所需输出的脉冲电压为第一极性时，控制S1、S4闭合并且S2、S3断开并维持预定时长，再控制S1、S2、S3和S4均断开。
S23：当所需输出的脉冲电压为与第一极性相反的第二极性时，控制S2、S3闭合并且S1、S4断开并维持预定时长，再控制S1、S2、S3和S4均断开。
例如，以图3中放电电阻R的左端电压高于右端电压为正电压。当所需输出的脉冲电压为正电压时，则可以控制S1、S4闭合并且S2、S3断开维持一个很短的时间，再控制S1、S2、S3和S4均断开，这样便可以输出 正的脉冲高压，即步骤S22。步骤S22执行一次可以输出一个正的脉冲高压，可选地，步骤S22也可以执行多次从而连续输出正的脉冲高压。步骤S23与步骤S22类似，据此本领域技术人员应当能够理解步骤S23，在此不再赘述。
通过上述步骤S21、S22和S23，可以根据需要输出所需极性的脉冲高压或者输出双极性的脉冲高压，此外还可以连续输出脉冲高压。
可选地，对上述可控开关S1、S2、S3和S4进行控制时，可以控制可控开关控制信号变化的频率，从而控制最终输出的高压脉冲的占空比。
上述脉冲电压发生方法，能够避免高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题，具体请参见实施例三。
实施例五
图9示出了根据本发明实施例的一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图，该装置可以用于实现实施例三或者实施例四或者其任意一种可选实施方式所述的脉冲电压发生方法。如图9所示，该装置包括第一控制单元10和第二控制单元20。
第一控制单元10用于控制在变压器的低压侧施加方波电压。方波电压经变压器升压后，由AC/DC转换电路转换成直流电压为储能电容充电。
第二控制单元20用于控制与储能电容并联的放电控制电路放电以产生高压脉冲。
上述脉冲电压发生装置，能够避免高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题，具体请参见实施例三。
实施例六
图10示出了根据本发明实施例的再一种脉冲电压发生装置的原理框图，该装置可以用于实现实施例三或者实施例四或者其任意一种可选实施方式所述的脉冲电压发生方法。如图10所示，与实施例五的区别在于，还包括获取单元30、判断单元40和第三控制单元50。获取单元30用于获取储能电容的电压。判断单元40用于判断储能电容的电压是否达到预定值。第三控制单元50用于当储能电容的电压达到预定值时，控制停止为储能电 容充电。
可选地，放电控制电路采用如图3所示的电路结构。其中，S1的一端与S3的一端连接。那么实施例五中的第二控制单元20可以包括获取子单元21、第一控制子单元22和第二控制子单元23。获取子单元21用于获取所需输出的脉冲电压的极性。第一控制子单元22用于当所需输出的脉冲电压为第一极性时，控制S1、S4闭合并且S2、S3断开并维持预定时长，再控制S1、S2、S3和S4均断开。第二控制子单元23用于控制S2、S3闭合并且S1、S4断开并维持预定时长，再控制S1、S2、S3和S4均断开。
上述脉冲电压发生方法，能够避免高压脉冲频率受到限制难以提高、并且高压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间较长的问题，具体请参见实施例三。
本发明实施还提供了一种控制器，包括存储器和处理器，其中存储器存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现实施例三或者实施例四或者其任意一种可选实施方式所述的脉冲电压发生方法。
虽然结合附图描述了本发明的实施例，但是本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下作出各种修改和变型，这样的修改和变型均落入由所附权利要求所限定的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，包括：
    变压器；
    第一AC/DC转换电路，其交流侧与所述变压器的高压侧连接；
    储能电容，与所述第一AC/DC转换电路的直流侧连接，用于储存电能；
    放电控制电路，与所述储能电容的两端并联，用于控制所述储能电容放电以产生高压脉冲。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，所述放电控制电路包括：第一可控开关S1、第二可控开关S2、第三可控开关S3、第四可控开关S4、放电电阻和第一控制器；
    所述S1与所述S2串联，所述S3与所述S4串联；
    所述放电电阻的一端连接在所述S1和所述S2之间，另一端连接在所述S3和所述S4之间；所述放电电阻的两端作为所述放电控制电路的输出端；
    所述第一控制器用于控制所述S1、所述S2、所述S3和所述S4闭合或断开。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第二AC/DC转换电路，其交流侧与电网连接；
    DC/AC转换电路，其直流侧与所述第二AC/DC转换电路的直流侧连接，其交流侧与所述变压器的低压侧连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，所述DC/AC转换电路包括：第五可控开关S5、第六可控开关S6、第七可控开关S7、第八可控开关S8和第二控制器；
    所述S5与所述S6串联，所述S7与所述S8串联；所述DC/AC转换电路输出端的一端位于所述S5与所述S6之间，另一端位于所述S7和所述S8之间；
    所述第二控制器用于控制所述S5、所述S6、所述S7和所述S8闭合或断开。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，所述变压器的磁芯包括至少两个高压线圈；每个高压线圈对应连接一个第一AC/DC转换电路，对应连接有至少一个储能电容及放电控制电路；所述放电控制电路的输出端并联后的两端作为所述脉冲电压发生装置的输出端。
  6. 根据权利要求3或5所述的脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，所述变压器包括至少两个磁芯；每个磁芯的低压侧对应连接一个DC/AC转换电路，多个DC/AC转换电路的输入端并联连接至第二AC/DC转换电路的输出端。
  7. 根据权利要求3或5所述的脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，所述变压器包括至少两个磁芯；每个磁芯的低压侧线圈的输入端并联连接至DC/AC转换电路的输出端。
  8. 一种脉冲电压发生方法，其特征在于，包括：
    控制在变压器的低压侧施加方波电压；所述方波电压经所述变压器升压后，由AC/DC转换电路转换成直流电压为储能电容充电；
    控制与所述储能电容并联的放电控制电路放电以产生高压脉冲。
  9. 一种脉冲电压发生装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一控制单元，用于控制在变压器的低压侧施加方波电压；所述方波电压经所述变压器升压后，由AC/DC转换电路转换成直流电压为储能电容充电；
    第二控制单元，用于控制与所述储能电容并联的放电控制电路放电以产生高压脉冲。
  10. 一种控制器，包括存储器和处理器，其中所述存储器存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求9至11任一项所述的脉冲电压发生方法。
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