WO2019080487A1 - 一种含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法 - Google Patents

一种含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法

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Publication number
WO2019080487A1
WO2019080487A1 PCT/CN2018/087339 CN2018087339W WO2019080487A1 WO 2019080487 A1 WO2019080487 A1 WO 2019080487A1 CN 2018087339 W CN2018087339 W CN 2018087339W WO 2019080487 A1 WO2019080487 A1 WO 2019080487A1
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Prior art keywords
lithium
alkali metal
aluminum
aluminum electrolyte
electrolyte
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王兆文
陶文举
杨酉坚
高炳亮
刘风国
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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Priority to US16/759,335 priority Critical patent/US11566336B2/en
Publication of WO2019080487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019080487A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/18Electrolytes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/02Oxides; Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/04Halides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/48Halides, with or without other cations besides aluminium
    • C01F7/50Fluorides
    • C01F7/54Double compounds containing both aluminium and alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12Obtaining lithium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/32Thermal properties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolyte extraction and recovery, and relates to a method for changing a crystal form of a lithium-containing aluminum electrolyte. Background technique
  • lithium salts are enriched in the aluminum electrolysis cell during use, resulting in an increase in the lithium salt content in the aluminum electrolyte, reducing the technical specifications of the aluminum electrolysis process, and seriously affecting the economic benefits of the aluminum electrolysis enterprise.
  • the industrial application of lithium salt continues to expand, such as lithium batteries, aluminum-lithium alloys, lithium bromide air conditioners, atomic energy industry, organic synthesis, etc., the demand for lithium salt is rapidly developing, therefore, through reasonable The process of extracting and recovering lithium in aluminum electrolyte, expanding the recycling of lithium resources, and removing the influence of lithium on aluminum electrolysis production, and improving the economic benefits of aluminum electrolysis are of great significance.
  • a method of acid leaching is generally used to dissolve a lithium salt or the like in an aluminum electrolyte, thereby achieving extraction and recovery of lithium.
  • the aluminum electrolyte contains insoluble lithium salts such as Na 2 LiAlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , these insoluble lithium salts are hardly soluble in the acid solution, and therefore, the lithium salt leaching rate Low, the lithium element in the recovered aluminum electrolyte cannot be sufficiently extracted, and the obtained aluminum electrolyte has low purity, and the electrolytic aluminum production consumes a large amount of energy.
  • the present invention provides a method for changing a crystal form of a lithium-containing aluminum electrolyte, which is capable of changing a crystal form of a lithium salt phase in an aluminum electrolyte to convert an insoluble lithium salt in the aluminum electrolyte into a soluble form.
  • Lithium salt is beneficial to the subsequent acid leaching extraction and recovery of lithium element, and achieves the purpose of improving the leaching rate of lithium salt, realizing the effective recycling of lithium salt, improving the purity of aluminum electrolyte and reducing the energy consumption of electrolytic aluminum production.
  • the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:
  • the invention provides a method for changing a crystal form of a lithium-containing aluminum electrolyte, comprising the following steps:
  • One or more of a metal oxyacid salt and an alkali metal compound other than lithium are mixed according to the kind of the additive, the molecular ratio of the aluminum electrolyte, and the lithium salt content in the aluminum electrolyte, and the following conditions are satisfied:
  • the alkali metal fluoride contained in the aluminum electrolyte in the mixture, the alkali metal fluoride directly added by the additive, and the molar ratio of the alkali metal fluoride which can be converted to the aluminum fluoride in the high temperature calcination condition are more than 3;
  • the mixture is compacted or pelletized and calcined at 300 to 1200 ° C for 1 to 5 hours, and the insoluble lithium salt in the aluminum electrolyte is converted into a soluble lithium salt during the calcination.
  • the alkali metal oxide other than lithium is one of sodium oxide, potassium oxide or a mixture of both.
  • the alkali metal oxyacid salt other than lithium which is converted into an alkali metal oxide under high-temperature calcination conditions is Na 2 S ⁇ 4 , Na 2 C0 3 , Na 2 C 2 .
  • ⁇ 4 , NaN ⁇ 3 , CH 3 COONa K 2 S ⁇ 4 , K 2 C ⁇ 3 , K 2 C 2 ⁇ 4 , KN0 3 , CH 3 COOK.
  • the alkali metal halide other than lithium is one or more of NaF, NaCl, NaBr, KF, KC1, KBr.
  • the alkali metal fluoride contained in the aluminum electrolyte in the mixture, the alkali metal fluoride directly added by the additive, and the additive can be converted into alkali gold under high temperature baking conditions.
  • the molar ratio of the three fluorides to aluminum fluoride is 3 ⁇ 8:1.
  • the alkali metal fluoride contained in the aluminum electrolyte in the mixture, the alkali metal fluoride directly added by the additive, and the molar ratio of the alkali metal fluoride converted to the aluminum fluoride in the mixture under high temperature calcination conditions For 3.5 ⁇ 6: 1.
  • the additive is first pulverized before the additive and the aluminum electrolyte are mixed.
  • the invention provides an alkali metal oxyacid salt other than lithium, which is added with an alkali metal salt (specifically, an alkali metal oxide other than lithium, which can be converted into an alkali metal oxide under high temperature baking conditions, and lithium removal)
  • an alkali metal salt specifically, an alkali metal oxide other than lithium, which can be converted into an alkali metal oxide under high temperature baking conditions, and lithium removal
  • One or more of the alkali metal halides are subjected to high-temperature calcination to change the lithium salt phase in the aluminum electrolyte, and the insoluble lithium salt in the aluminum electrolyte is converted into a soluble lithium salt, and high added value can be recovered.
  • Lithium salt chemical raw materials have a low average extraction cost and are suitable for application in industrial production. At the same time, industrial electrolytes with higher purity and suitable for electrolytic aluminum production can be obtained, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of electrolytic aluminum production.
  • the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte can be increased by about 20 ° C
  • the aluminum electrolysis temperature can be controlled at 940 ° C to 950 ° C
  • the current efficiency can be increased from 92% to 93%.
  • the current efficiency is increased by 1%.
  • the output of aluminum can be increased by 10,000 tons, and the benefit is increased by 140 million yuan (calculated according to 14,000 yuan/ton of aluminum).
  • the raw materials used in the invention are all common raw materials in the chemical industry, the price is cheap, and the production cost is reduced.
  • the process of the invention is simple, and the lithium salt can be effectively transformed, which is beneficial to the subsequent acid leaching extraction and separation, and solves the problem of lithium element in the aluminum electrolysis industry. , laid the foundation and contributed to the increase of lithium resources. After the calcined aluminum electrolyte, the conversion rate of the lithium salt is more than 95%, and the highest is more than 99%. Due to the conversion carried out, the leaching rate of lithium salts in the electrolyte is increased from less than 5% to over 98%.
  • the invention provides a method for changing a crystal form of a lithium-containing aluminum electrolyte, comprising the following steps:
  • an alkali metal oxyacid salt other than lithium an alkali metal halide other than lithium, depending on the kind of the additive, the molecular ratio of the aluminum electrolyte, and the lithium salt in the aluminum electrolyte
  • the content is mixed and the following conditions are met:
  • the alkali metal fluoride contained in the aluminum electrolyte in the mixture, the alkali metal fluoride directly added by the additive, and the alkali metal fluoride which can be converted into the additive under high temperature roasting conditions are ensured.
  • the molar ratio to aluminum fluoride is greater than 3;
  • the mixture is compacted or pelletized and calcined at 300 to 1200 ° C for 1 to 5 hours, and the insoluble lithium salt in the aluminum electrolyte is converted into a soluble lithium salt during the calcination.
  • the aluminum electrolyte samples extracted by the present invention were respectively obtained from a 300 kA electrolytic cell of a certain electrolytic aluminum plant, a 400 kA electrolytic cell and a 200 kA electrolytic cell.
  • the sample is directly crushed and analyzed by grinding, and the composition and content of the electrolyte are expressed by molecular ratio, alumina concentration, calcium fluoride concentration, lithium fluoride concentration and the like.
  • the calcining apparatus can be a general-purpose muffle furnace, and a belt type roasting furnace can be used, which can be applied to large-scale production and reduce heat consumption. Of course, the calcining apparatus can also be other heating or holding means for providing high temperature.
  • the aluminum electrolyte containing lithium element is pulverized, and/or the additive is pulverized before the additive and the aluminum electrolyte are mixed, so that the additive and the aluminum electrolyte are sufficiently mixed uniformly, so that the insoluble lithium salt in the aluminum electrolyte is at a high temperature.
  • the roasting process it is fully converted into a soluble lithium salt, thereby increasing the conversion rate of the lithium salt, thereby allowing more lithium salt to be leached in the acid solution, increasing the lithium salt leaching rate, and achieving effective recovery and utilization of the lithium salt.
  • the alkali metal oxide other than lithium may be selected from sodium oxide, potassium oxide or a mixture of both.
  • the alkali metal oxyacid salt other than lithium which is converted into an alkali metal oxide under high-temperature calcination conditions may be selected from Na 2 S ⁇ 4 , Na 2 C0 3 , Na 2 C 2 ⁇ 4 , NaN ⁇ . 3 , one or more of C3 ⁇ 4COONa, K 2 S0 4 , K 2 C0 3 , K 2 C 2 ⁇ 4 , KN0 3 , CH 3 COOK.
  • alkali metal oxyacid salt other than lithium is added, and the alkali metal oxyacid salt can be decomposed into an alkali metal oxide by heating, and the decomposed alkali metal oxide reacts with aluminum fluoride in the same manner as described above.
  • K 2 C0 3 K 2 0 + C0 2 ;
  • Na 2 N0 3 Na 2 0 + N0 2 ;
  • K 2 C 2 0 4 K 2 0 + C0 2 + CO;
  • the alkali metal halide other than lithium may be selected from one or more of NaF, NaCl, NaBr, KF, KC1, KBr.
  • the alkali metal fluoride contained in the aluminum electrolyte in the mixture, the alkali metal fluoride directly added by the additive, and the alkali metal fluoride which can be converted into the additive under high temperature calcination conditions are fluorinated.
  • the molar ratio of aluminum is more than 3 (ie, (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF 3 >3 )
  • an alkali metal other than lithium is used with respect to the addition of an alkali metal fluoride other than lithium alone.
  • Fluoride and a mixture of an alkali metal oxide and/or an alkali metal oxyacid salt other than lithium can greatly reduce the amount of alkali metal fluoride (such as NaF, KF) added in addition to lithium.
  • alkali metal fluoride such as NaF, KF
  • the use of an alkali metal oxide and/or an alkali metal oxyacid salt can greatly reduce the production cost and increase the conversion rate of the lithium salt by more than the addition of an alkali metal fluoride (such as NaF) other than lithium alone.
  • the present invention can be mixed with various additives such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. The following are typical but non-limiting embodiments of the invention:
  • LiF+NaF+KF/AlF 3 is a 3.8:1 mixture, calcined at 800 ° C for 4 h in a muffle furnace, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product is composed of Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt such as LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate is 97.8%.
  • the aluminum electrolyte powder and the potassium carbonate powder are uniformly mixed to prepare a molar ratio of the sum of lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and aluminum fluoride (LiF+NaF+ A mixture of KF)/AlF 3 of 3.5:1 was calcined at 500 ° C for 3 h in a belt calciner, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product was composed of Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt such as LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate is 98.2%.
  • the aluminum electrolyte powder and the sodium oxalate powder are uniformly mixed to prepare a molar ratio of the sum of lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and aluminum fluoride (LiF+NaF+
  • a mixture of KF)/AlF 3 of 3:1 is calcined at 300 ° C for 5 h in a belt calciner, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product is composed of Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt such as LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate is 95.4%.
  • Example 4 1 kg of aluminum electrolyte was taken, and the aluminum electrolyte powder was obtained by crushing and grinding.
  • the content of LiF in the electrolyte was 5%, the KF content was 1%, and the molecular ratio (molar ratio of NaF to A1F 3 ) was 2.5:1.
  • the aluminum electrolyte powder is mixed with sodium carbonate powder by calculation to prepare a molar ratio of sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride and aluminum fluoride (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF 3
  • the mixture of 4:1 was calcined at 900 ° C for 3.5 h in a muffle furnace, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product was converted from Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 into The soluble lithium salt LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like gave a lithium salt conversion of 98.5%.
  • the aluminum electrolyte powder and the potassium oxide powder are uniformly mixed to prepare a molar ratio of the sum of lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and aluminum fluoride (LiF+NaF+
  • a mixture of KF)/AlF 3 of 6:1 is calcined at 1000 ° C for 1 h in a belt calciner, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product is composed of Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt such as LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate is 98.7%.
  • the aluminum electrolyte powder and the sodium oxide powder are uniformly mixed to prepare a molar ratio of the sum of lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and aluminum fluoride (LiF+NaF+ A mixture of KF)/AlF 3 of 5:1 is calcined in a belt calciner at 1200 ° C for 2 h, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product is composed of Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt such as LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate is 99.1%.
  • Example 1 LiAlF 6
  • K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt such as LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate
  • the additive potassium acetate powder is calculated to uniformly mix the aluminum electrolyte powder with the potassium acetate powder to prepare a molar ratio of the sum of lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and aluminum fluoride (LiF+NaF+).
  • a mixture of KF)/AlF 3 of 8:1 is calcined at 800 ° C for 4 h in a belt calciner, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product is composed of Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt such as LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate is 97.6%.
  • the aluminum electrolyte powder was obtained by crushing and grinding.
  • the content of LiF in the electrolyte was 5%
  • the KF content was 1%
  • the molecular ratio (molar ratio of NaF to A1F 3 ) was 2.5:1.
  • the aluminum electrolyte powder is mixed with sodium sulfate powder and potassium carbonate powder by calculation to prepare a mixture of lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and aluminum fluoride.
  • a mixture of molar ratio (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF 3 of 5:1 was calcined at 1000 ° C for 5 h in a belt calciner, and the obtained lithium salt in the calcined product was composed of Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 . , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 is converted into a soluble lithium salt LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 or the like, and the obtained lithium salt conversion rate is 99.4%.
  • the lithium salt in the calcined product is converted from Na 2 LiAlF 6 , K 2 LiAlF 6 , KLi 2 AlF 6 , NaLi 2 AlF 6 to soluble lithium salt LiF, Li 2 ⁇ , Li 3 AlF 6 and the like, the obtained lithium salt conversion rate was 98.5%.
  • the high-temperature calcination by adding the above-mentioned alkali metal oxide and/or alkali metal salt can change the crystal form of the lithium salt phase in the aluminum electrolyte to make the insoluble lithium salt in the aluminum electrolyte. It is converted into soluble lithium salt, which is beneficial to the subsequent acid leaching extraction and separation, greatly improving the lithium salt leaching rate. At the same time, it can obtain industrial electrolytes with higher purity and suitable for electrolytic aluminum production, and reduce the energy consumption of electrolytic aluminum production.
  • the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte can be increased by about 20 ° C
  • the aluminum electrolysis temperature can be controlled from 940 ° C to 950 ° C
  • the current efficiency can be increased from 92% to 93%.
  • the current efficiency is increased by 1%.
  • the output of aluminum can be increased by 10,000 tons, and the benefit is increased by 140 million yuan (calculated according to 14,000 yuan/ton of aluminum).
  • the alkali metal fluoride contained in the aluminum alloy in the mixture, the alkali metal fluoride directly added by the additive, and the molar ratio of the alkali metal fluoride which can be converted to the aluminum fluoride in the high temperature calcination condition are 3 ⁇ 8: 1, preferably 3.5 ⁇ 6: 1, the conversion rate of lithium salt is increased, the conversion rate can reach above 97%, and the highest can reach more than 99%. Due to the conversion, the leaching rate of lithium salt in the electrolyte is determined by Less than 5% increased to over 98%. And when the additive is selected from a variety of mixtures, the conversion of the lithium salt is relatively higher.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法,涉及铝电解质提取回收技术领域。其包括以下步骤:S1、将含有锂的铝电解质粉碎;S2、将添加剂与铝电解质粉末混合,混合均匀,获得混合物料,其中,添加剂选择除锂之外的碱金属氧化物、在高温焙烧条件下可转化成碱金属氧化物的除锂之外的碱金属含氧酸盐、除锂之外的碱金属卤化物中的一种或多种,混合物料中铝电解质含有的碱金属氟化物、添加剂直接添加的碱金属氟化物、添加剂在高温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金属氟化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比大于3;S3、将混合物料在高温下焙烧。本发明能够使铝电解质中的不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性锂盐,提高了锂盐浸出率,提高了铝电解质的纯度,降低了电解铝生产能耗。

Description

一种含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法 技术领域
本发明属于铝电解质提取回收技术领域, 涉及一种含锂铝电解质晶 型改变方法。 背景技术
我国铝工业的迅速发展, 使我国铝土矿资源大量消耗, 高品位铝土 矿巳经匮乏, 大量中低品位铝土矿被开釆使用。 这种中低品位铝土矿中 含有大量的碱金属元素, 特别是我国铝土矿主要产区的铝土矿中, 锂盐 含量较高。 大量含有锂盐的氧化铝作为原料用于电解铝生产。 这种氧化 铝加入到电解质中, 这些锂盐在使用过程中会在铝电解槽中富集, 造成 铝电解质中锂盐含量增高, 降低铝电解的工艺技术指标, 严重影响铝电 解企业的经济效益。 于此同时, 随着工业技术的发展, 锂盐的工业应用 领域不断扩展, 如锂电池、 铝锂合金、 溴化锂空调、 原子能工业、 有机 合成等, 对锂盐的需求迅猛发展, 因此, 通过合理的工艺提取回收铝电 解质中的锂元素, 扩大锂资源的回收利用, 并去除锂元素对铝电解生产 的影响, 提高铝电解经济效益具有重要意义。
目前, 普遍采用酸浸的方法可以使铝电解质中的锂盐等物质溶解, 从 而实现锂元素的提取回收。 但是, 由于铝电解质中含有 Na2LiAlF6, NaLi2AlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6等不可溶性锂盐, 这些不可溶性锂盐难 溶于酸溶液中, 因此, 锂盐浸出率低, 无法充分地提取回收铝电解质中 的锂元素, 同时得到的铝电解质纯度低, 电解铝生产能耗大。
综上所述, 亟需提出一种能够改变含锂铝电解质晶型, 使铝电解质中 的不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性锂盐, 有利于后续酸浸提取回收锂元素, 提高锂元素提取回收率的含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法。
发明内容
(一) 要解决的技术问题 为了解决现有技术的上述问题, 本发明提供一种含锂铝电解质晶型 改变方法, 该方法能够改变铝电解质中锂盐物相的晶型, 使铝电解质中 的不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性锂盐, 有利于后续酸浸提取回收锂元素, 达到提高锂盐浸出率的目的, 实现锂盐的有效回收利用, 同时提高铝电 解质的纯度, 降低电解铝生产能耗。
(二) 技术方案
为了达到上述目的, 本发明采用的主要技术方案包括:
本发明提供一种含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 包括以下步骤:
Sl、 将含有锂元素的铝电解质粉碎;
S2、 将添加剂与铝电解质粉末混合, 混合均匀, 获得混合物料, 其 中, 添加剂选择除锂之外的碱金属氧化物、 在高温焙烧条件下可转化成 碱金属氧化物的除锂之外的碱金属含氧酸盐、 除锂之外的碱金属 化物 中的一种或多种, 根据添加剂的种类、 铝电解质的分子比以及铝电解质 中锂盐含量的不同进行混料, 并满足以下条件: 保证混合物料中铝电解 质含有的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂直接添加的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高 温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金属氟化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比大于 3 ;
S3、 将混合物料压实或制团, 在 300〜1200°C下焙烧 l-5h, 焙烧过程 中铝电解质中不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性锂盐。
根据本发明,在步骤 S2中,所述除锂之外的碱金属氧化物为氧化钠、 氧化钾中的一种或二者的混合物。
根据本发明, 在步骤 S2中, 所述在高温焙烧条件下转化成碱金属氧 化物的除锂之外的碱金属含氧酸盐为 Na2S〇4、 Na2C03、 Na2C24、 NaN〇3、 CH3COONa、 K2S〇4、 K2C〇3、 K2C24、 KN03、 CH3COOK中的一种或多种。
根据本发明, 在步骤 S2中, 所述除锂之外的碱金属卤化物为 NaF, NaCl, NaBr, KF, KC1, KBr中的一种或多种。
根据本发明, 所述混合物料中铝电解质含有的碱金属氟化物、 添加 剂直接添加的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金 属氟化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比为 3〜8: 1。
有选的, 所述混合物料中铝电解质含有的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂直 接添加的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金属氟 化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比为 3.5〜6: 1。
根据本发明, 在混合添加剂与铝电解质之前, 先将添加剂进行粉碎。
(三) 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一种添加碱金属盐 (具体为除锂之外的碱金属氧化物、 在高温焙烧条件下可转化成碱金属氧化物的除锂之外的碱金属含氧酸 盐、 除锂之外的碱金属卤化物中的一种或多种) 进行高温焙烧, 改变铝 电解质中锂盐物相的方法, 使铝电解质中的不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性 锂盐, 可以回收高附加值锂盐化工原料, 综合平均提取费用较低, 适合 在工业生产中进行应用推广, 同时, 可得到纯度较高适用于电解铝生产 的工业电解质, 大大降低电解铝生产的能耗。 如将电解质中 LiF 浓度从 5%降低到 1.5%, 电解质初晶温度可以提高约 20°C, 可以将铝电解温度控 制在 940°C〜950°C, 电流效率可以从 92%提高到 93%以上, 电流效率提高 1%, 对于年产 100万吨的电解铝厂而言, 可以增加铝产量 1万吨, 增加 效益 1.4亿元人民币 (按照 14000元 /吨铝计算) 。
本发明所使用的原料均为化工领域常见原料, 价格便宜, 降低了生 产成本, 本发明的流程简单, 可有效将锂盐转型, 利于后续酸浸提取分 离, 为解决铝电解行业锂元素影响问题, 奠定了基础, 同时也为增加锂 资源作出了贡献。 经过焙烧后的铝电解质, 其锂盐的转化率大于 95%, 最高可达 99%以上。 由于实施的转化, 电解质中锂盐的浸出率由不到 5% 提高到 98%以上。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明, 以便于理解, 下面结合具体实施例对本发 明作详细描述。 本发明提供一种含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 包括以下步骤:
Sl、 将含有锂元素的铝电解质粉碎; S2、 将添加剂与铝电解质粉末 混合, 混合均匀, 获得混合物料, 其中, 添加剂选择除锂之外的碱金属 氧化物、 在高温焙烧条件下可转化成碱金属氧化物的除锂之外的碱金属 含氧酸盐、 除锂之外的碱金属卤化物中的一种或多种, 根据添加剂的种 类、 铝电解质的分子比以及铝电解质中锂盐含量的不同进行混料, 并满 足以下条件: 保证混合物料中铝电解质含有的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂直 接添加的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金属氟 化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比大于 3 ;
S3、 将混合物料压实或制团, 在 300〜1200°C下焙烧 l-5h, 焙烧过程 中铝电解质中不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性锂盐。
本发明提取的铝电解质样品分别来自某些电解铝厂 300kA电解槽, 400kA电解槽和 200kA电解槽。 样品直接破碎、 磨细分析, 电解质的元 素组成及含量用分子比, 氧化铝浓度, 氟化钙浓度, 氟化锂浓度等来表 示。 焙烧装置可以采用通用的马弗炉, 可以采用带式焙烧炉, 能够适用 于大规模生产的要求, 降低热耗, 当然, 焙烧装置还可以是其他提供高 温的加热或保温装置。
将含有锂元素的铝电解质进行粉碎, 和 /或, 在混合添加剂与铝电解 质之前, 先将添加剂进行粉碎, 均能够使添加剂与铝电解质得到充分混 合均匀, 使铝电解质中不可溶性锂盐在高温焙烧过程中充分地转化成可 溶性锂盐, 提高锂盐的转化率, 进而使更多的锂盐在酸溶液中浸出, 提 高锂盐浸出率, 实现锂盐的有效回收利用。
在步骤 S2中, 除锂之外的碱金属氧化物可选择氧化钠、 氧化钾中的 一种或二者的混合物。
添加除锂之外的碱金属氧化物存在如下反应:
3Na20 + 2AIF3 = 6NaF + Al203
3ΚΏ + 2AIF, = 6KF + ALO, 在步骤 S2中, 在高温焙烧条件下转化成碱金属氧化物的除锂之外的 碱金属含氧酸盐可以选择 Na2S〇4、 Na2C03、 Na2C24、 NaN〇3、 C¾COONa、 K2S04、 K2C03、 K2C24、 KN03、 CH3COOK中的一种或多种。
添加除锂之外的碱金属含氧酸盐, 碱金属含氧酸盐加热可以分解成 碱金属氧化物, 分解后的碱金属氧化物按照以上所述与氟化铝发生同样 的反应。 例如:
K2C03 = K20 + C02
Na2N03 = Na20 + N02
K2C204 = K20 + C02 + CO;
2CH3COONa + 302 = Na20 + 2C02 + 3H20
根据本发明, 在步骤 S2中, 除锂之外的碱金属卤化物可以选择 NaF, NaCl, NaBr, KF, KC1, KBr中的一种或多种。
根据上述各种添加剂的反应, 当满足混合物料中铝电解质含有的碱 金属氟化物、 添加剂直接添加的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高温焙烧条件 下可转化成的碱金属氟化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比大于 3 (即, (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3>3 ) 的条件下, 相对于单独添加除锂之外的碱金属氟 化物来说, 采用除锂之外的碱金属氟化物以及除锂之外的碱金属氧化物 和 /或碱金属含氧酸盐的混合物, 可大幅度减少除锂之外的碱金属氟化物 (如 NaF、 KF ) 的添加量。 换言之, 采用碱金属氧化物和 /或碱金属含氧 酸盐, 比单独添加除锂之外的碱金属氟化物 (如 NaF ) 可以大幅度降低 生产成本, 锂盐的转化率能提高 1-3%。 本发明可以各种添加剂混加, 如 碳酸钠与碳酸钾等。 以下为本发明典型但非限制性实施例:
实施例 1
取 1kg 铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 5%,KF含量为 1%,分子比(NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比)为 2.5: 1, 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂硫酸钠粉末, 经计算将铝电解质粉末与硫酸 钠粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化钠、 氟化锂之和与氟化铝的摩尔比
(LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 3.8: 1 的混合物, 在马弗炉中 800°C下焙烧 4h, 得 到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化 成可溶性锂盐 LiF, Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 97.8%。 实施例 2
取 20kg铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 5%, KF的含量为 4%, 分子比 (NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比) 为 2.4: 1 , 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂碳酸钾粉末, 经计算将铝电解质粉末 与碳酸钾粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化锂、 氟化钠、 氟化钾之和与氟化铝 的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 3.5: 1的混合物,在带式焙烧炉中 500°C下 焙烧 3h, 得到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化成可溶性锂盐 LiF , Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 98.2%。 实施例 3
取 10kg铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 7%, KF的含量为 3%, 分子比 (NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比) 为 2.6: 1, 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂草酸钠粉末, 经计算将铝电解质粉末 与草酸钠粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化锂、 氟化钠、 氟化钾之和与氟化铝 的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 3: 1 的混合物, 在带式焙烧炉中 300°C下 焙烧 5h, 得到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化成可溶性锂盐 LiF , Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 95.4%。 实施例 4 取 1kg 铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 5%,KF含量为 1%,分子比(NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比)为 2.5: 1, 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂碳酸钠粉末, 经计算将铝电解质粉末与碳酸 钠粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化钠、 氟化锂之和与氟化铝的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 4: 1 的混合物, 在马弗炉中 900°C下焙烧 3.5h, 得 到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化 成可溶性锂盐 LiF , Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 98.5%。 实施例 5
取 20kg铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 5%, KF的含量为 4%, 分子比 (NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比) 为 2.4: 1 , 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂氧化钾粉末, 经计算将铝电解质粉末 与氧化钾粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化锂、 氟化钠、 氟化钾之和与氟化铝 的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 6: 1的混合物, 在带式焙烧炉中 1000°C下 焙烧 lh, 得到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化成可溶性锂盐 LiF , Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 98.7%。 实施例 6
取 10kg铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 7%, KF的含量为 3%, 分子比 (NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比) 为 2.6: 1, 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂氧化钠粉末, 经计算将铝电解质粉末 与氧化钠粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化锂、 氟化钠、 氟化钾之和与氟化铝 的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 5: 1的混合物, 在带式焙烧炉中 1200°C下 焙烧 2h, 得到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化成可溶性锂盐 LiF , Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 99.1%。 实施例 Ί
取 20kg铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 5%, KF的含量为 4%, 分子比 (NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比) 为 2.4: 1 , 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂醋酸钾粉末, 经计算将铝电解质粉末 与醋酸钾粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化锂、 氟化钠、 氟化钾之和与氟化铝 的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 8: 1 的混合物, 在带式焙烧炉中 800°C下 焙烧 4h, 得到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化成可溶性锂盐 LiF , Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 97.6%。 实施例 8
取 10kg铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 5%,KF含量为 1%,分子比(NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比)为 2.5: 1, 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂硫酸钠粉末和碳酸钾粉末, 经计算将铝电解 质粉末与硫酸钠粉末和碳酸钾粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化锂、 氟化钠、 氟化钾之和与氟化铝的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 5: 1的混合物, 在带 式焙烧炉中 1000°C下焙烧 5h, 得到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化成可溶性锂盐 LiF, Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 99.4%。 实施例 9
取 10kg铝电解质, 通过破碎、 磨细后得到铝电解质粉末, 电解质中 LiF的含量为 5%, KF的含量为 4%, 分子比 (NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比) 为 2.4: 1 , 选择破碎、 磨细后的添加剂硫酸钾粉末和氧化钠粉末, 经计算将 铝电解质粉末与硫酸钾粉末和氧化钠粉末混合均匀, 配制成氟化锂、 氟 化钠、氟化钾之和与氟化铝的摩尔比 (LiF+NaF+KF)/AlF3为 7: 1的混合物, 在带式焙烧炉中 600°C下焙烧 3h,得到的焙烧产物中锂盐均由 Na2LiAlF6, K2LiAlF6, KLi2AlF6, NaLi2AlF6转化成可溶性锂盐 LiF, Li2〇, Li3AlF6等, 得到的锂盐转化率为 98.5%。 从实施例 1-9 可以看出, 通过添加上述的碱金属氧化物和 /或碱金属 盐进行高温焙烧, 可以改变铝电解质中锂盐物相的晶型, 使铝电解质中 的不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性锂盐, 利于后续酸浸提取分离, 大大提高 锂盐浸出率, 同时, 能够获得纯度较高适用于电解铝生产的工业电解质, 降低电解铝生产的能耗。如将电解质中 LiF浓度从 5%降低到 1.5%, 电解 质初晶温度可以提高约 20°C, 可以将铝电解温度控制在 940°C〜950°C, 电流效率可以从 92%提高到 93%以上, 电流效率提高 1%, 对于年产 100 万吨的电解铝厂而言, 可以增加铝产量 1万吨, 增加效益 1.4亿元人民币 (按照 14000元 /吨铝计算) 。
在本发明中, 混合物料中铝电解质含有的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂直 接添加的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金属氟 化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比为 3〜8: 1, 优选为 3.5〜6: 1, 提高了锂盐的转化 率, 转化率能达到 97%以上, 最高可达 99%以上, 由于实施的转化, 电解 质中锂盐的浸出率由不到 5%提高到 98%以上。且当添加剂选择多种的混 合物时, 锂盐的转化率也相对更高。
需要理解的是, 以上对本发明的具体实施例进行的描述只是为了说 明本发明的技术路线和特点, 其目的在于让本领域内的技术人员能够了 解本发明的内容并据以实施, 但本发明并不限于上述特定实施方式。 凡 是在本发明权利要求的范围内做出的各种变化或修饰, 都应涵盖在本发

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步 骤:
51、 将含有锂元素的铝电解质粉碎;
52、 将添加剂与铝电解质粉末混合, 混合均匀, 获得混合物料, 其 中, 添加剂选择除锂之外的碱金属氧化物、 在高温焙烧条件下可转化成 碱金属氧化物的除锂之外的碱金属含氧酸盐、 除锂之外的碱金属 化物 中的一种或多种, 根据添加剂的种类、 铝电解质的分子比以及铝电解质 中锂盐含量的不同进行混料, 并满足以下条件: 保证混合物料中铝电解 质含有的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂直接添加的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高 温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金属氟化物三者与氟化铝的摩尔比大于 3 ;
53、 将混合物料压实或制团, 在 300〜1200°C下焙烧 l-5h, 焙烧过程 中铝电解质中不可溶性锂盐转化成可溶性锂盐。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 其特征在于: 在步骤 S2中, 所述除锂之外的碱金属氧化物为氧化钠、 氧化钾中的一种 或二者的混合物。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 其特征在于: 在步骤 S2中, 所述在高温焙烧条件下转化成碱金属氧化物的除锂之外的 碱金属含氧酸盐为 Na2S〇4、 Na2C03、 Na2C24、 NaN〇3、 CH3COONa、 K2S04、 K2C03、 K2C204、 KN03、 CH3COOK中的一种或多种。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 其特征在于: 在步骤 S2 中, 所述除锂之外的碱金属卤化物为 NaF, NaCl , NaBr, KF, KC1, KBr中的一种或多种。
5、 如权利要求 1-4任一所述的含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 其特征 在于: 所述混合物料中铝电解质含有的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂直接添加 的碱金属氟化物、 添加剂在高温焙烧条件下可转化成的碱金属氟化物三 者与氟化铝的摩尔比为 3〜8: 1。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的含锂铝电解质晶型改变方法, 其特征在于:
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