WO2019058650A1 - Cu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金、プリフォームはんだ、やに入りはんだおよびはんだ継手 - Google Patents
Cu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金、プリフォームはんだ、やに入りはんだおよびはんだ継手 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019058650A1 WO2019058650A1 PCT/JP2018/021812 JP2018021812W WO2019058650A1 WO 2019058650 A1 WO2019058650 A1 WO 2019058650A1 JP 2018021812 W JP2018021812 W JP 2018021812W WO 2019058650 A1 WO2019058650 A1 WO 2019058650A1
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- solder
- pipe
- preform
- alloy
- pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/007—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of copper or another noble metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/22—Ferrous alloys and copper or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to solder alloys, preform solders, core solders and solder joints that suppress the growth of intermetallic compounds.
- the cooling device mainly includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and piping for supplying a refrigerant to each device.
- the gaseous refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas after compression passes through the condenser and is liquefied.
- the liquefied refrigerant passes through the expansion valve and its pressure drops sharply to lower its boiling point.
- the refrigerant liquefied in the evaporator is vaporized.
- the vaporized refrigerant is again compressed by the compressor and the above cycle is repeated.
- the heat absorption when the refrigerant liquefied in the evaporator is vaporized leads the ambient temperature to a low temperature.
- Each apparatus which comprises the above-mentioned cooling device is arrange
- a method of connecting pipes for example, as described in Patent Document 1, a method of connecting by brazing is adopted. According to Patent Document 1, it is described that the number of brazed points is reduced because there is a concern that the reliability may be reduced due to the refrigerant leakage if the number of the brazed points is large.
- brazing in the case of pipe connection by brazing, the skill of the brazing worker is required, and the quality of the joint is affected by the skill of the worker. Due to the difference in the degree of proficiency, the pipe temperature may be too high when heating the pipe, or the pipe may be deformed or a void may be generated in the brazing material to cause a refrigerant leak failure. In addition, if the pipe temperature is too low, the brazing material may not permeate into the entire periphery of the gap of the pipe, and a refrigerant leak may occur. Furthermore, brazing may cause the pipe to soften and cause deformation in order to anneal the pipe. In addition to this, brazing requires high temperatures and long heating times, which is a potential fire source when joining pipes.
- Patent Document 2 describes a lead-free solder alloy composition suitable for metal pipe joining of a Cu pipe or a brass pipe at a low temperature.
- the solder alloy described in Patent Document 2 contains 3 to 5% by mass of Cu in order to widen the solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of the Sn—Sb—Cu solder alloy.
- the liquid portion flows into a portion where the gap between the tube and the tube is small by heating to a temperature slightly higher than the solidus temperature to cause the liquid phase and the solid phase to coexist At the same time, the solid part is filled in the part where the gap is large and piping is connected.
- the solder alloy described in Patent Document 2 has an alloy composition that performs soldering that can be operated at a low temperature in order to improve the problems of the brazed joint described in Patent Document 1.
- the solder alloy described in Patent Document 2 contains a large amount of Cu, and when forming a solder joint for joining Cu tubes, an intermetallic compound such as Cu 6 Sn 5 (hereinafter, “IMC” as appropriate)
- IMC intermetallic compound
- InterMetallic Compound precipitation
- growth of the IMC layer not only Cu tubes but also Fe tubes have come to be used in recent cooling devices. For this reason, when the Cu pipe and the Fe pipe are joined, the refrigerant from the joint portion may leak when passing through the temperature cycle by the refrigerant circulation, which may cause a failure.
- Patent Document 2 a solder alloy described in Patent Document 2 containing Ni is also disclosed. It is known that when Ni is added to a solder alloy, Cu 6 Sn 5 becomes (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 and suppresses fracture at the bonding interface. However, when a temperature cycle by future refrigerant circulation is performed, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the fracture at the bonding interface only by the addition of Ni as described in Patent Document 2.
- the present inventors adopt soldering instead of brazing in order to adopt a joining method using conventional piping without using piping of a special material, and a solder suitable for that.
- the alloy composition was examined.
- the end of one pipe is inserted into the other pipe, and in the outer circumference of one pipe and the inner circumference of the other pipe, a portion where both are opposed and a region in the vicinity thereof are high frequency Heat by flame.
- the heating condition varies and the heating area and the junction area are wide and the junction interface
- the IMC layer is easy to grow.
- the present inventors consider an element that suppresses the growth of the IMC layer at the time of pipe joining, with the Sn-Sb-Cu solder alloy described in Patent Document 2 as a basic composition, taking into consideration the above-described pipe joining conditions. investigated.
- metal piping of the cooling device used for white goods is usually Cu pipe
- Fe pipe since Fe pipe may be used as described above, it is possible to suppress the growth of IMC layer in joining with Fe pipe It is necessary to select an element.
- Fe tube from the viewpoint of suppressing the diffusion of Fe into the solder alloy, Fe, Co, and Ni may be treated as equivalent elements as elements that the solder alloy may contain.
- Fe is not preferable in that it significantly raises the melting point of the solder alloy in the Sn-based solder alloy.
- Co and Ni also have high melting points. For this reason, it is considered that it is difficult to use these elements that are handled equivalently as in the prior art when performing pipe joining at low temperature.
- the present inventors intentionally added Ni, which was conventionally considered unsuitable for low-temperature pipe joining, and used an Sn-Sb-Cu-Ni-based solder alloy to form an Fe tube. , I tried to join with the Cu tube. As a result, the addition of only Ni could not suppress the growth of the IMC layer. However, when the Ni content is within the predetermined range, it has been found that the rise of the melting point is within the allowable range in carrying out the pipe joining.
- the IMC layer at the bonding interface adds Co unexpectedly while suppressing the rise of the melting point. It has been found that the thickness can be reduced by 1.5 times or more as compared with the conventional solder alloy composition. As a result of further detailed investigations, it was also obtained that the content ratio of Ni content and Co content reduced the growth of the IMC layer within a predetermined range.
- the present invention obtained by these findings is as follows. (1) By mass%, Sb: 5.0 to 15.0%, Cu: 0.5 to 8.0%, Ni: 0.025 to 0.7%, Co: 0.025 to 0.3% , With an alloy composition consisting of the remainder Sn, The alloy composition satisfies the following formula (1). A solder alloy for bonding Cu tubes and / or Fe tubes. 0.07 ⁇ Co / Ni ⁇ 6 (1) In the formula (1), “Co” and “Ni” represent the contents (mass%) of Co and Ni, respectively.
- solder alloy for Cu pipe and / or Fe pipe joint according to the above (1) wherein the alloy composition contains Sb: 5.0 to 9.0% by mass%.
- the alloy composition is the Cu pipe and / or Fe pipe joint according to any one of the above (1) to (3), containing 0.025 to 0.1% of Ni by mass%.
- Solder alloy. The solder alloy for Cu pipe and / or Fe pipe joining according to any one of the above (1) to (4), which has a liquidus temperature of 450 ° C. or less.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a method of joining pipes
- FIG. 1 (a) is a side view of a first pipe
- FIG. 1 (b) is a side view of a second pipe having an expanded pipe portion.
- c) is a view showing a process of fitting the preform solder to the first pipe
- FIG. 1 (d) is a process of fitting the first pipe into the second pipe and bringing the preform solder into contact with the end face of the expanded portion
- FIG.1 (e) is a figure which shows the process of heating preform solder
- FIG.1 (f) heats preform solder and it is in the clearance gap between 1st piping and 2nd piping.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a first pipe having a flared portion at an end
- Fig. 2 (a) is a side view
- Fig. 2 (b) is a partial perspective view in the vicinity of the end.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a preform solder
- FIG. 3 (a) is a view showing a hollow cylindrical preform solder
- FIG. 3 (b) is a view showing a ring-shaped preform solder.
- FIG. 4 shows Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 using 450 ° C.-3 min.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the bonding surface bonded to the Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. 4A, the bonding surface using Comparative Example 3 is arbitrarily extracted at two places, and the IMC layer formed in each cross section 4 (b) is an SEM photograph showing the results of measuring the film thickness of each of five points, and FIG. 4 (b) is a drawing of the IMC layer formed on each cross section by extracting the bonding surface at two places arbitrarily using Example 5. It is a SEM photograph which shows the result of having measured film thickness 5 points each.
- FIG. 5 shows comparative example 3 and example 5, and 450 ° C.-3 min. , 450 ° C-10 min.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the bonding surface bonded to the Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. 5B is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of a bonding surface bonded to an Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. 5C is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of a bonding surface bonded to an Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. 5 (d) is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of a bonding surface bonded to an Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. It is a SEM photograph which shows the cross section of the joining surface joined to Fe board on the heating conditions of 5 ..
- % relating to the solder alloy composition is “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.
- the solder alloy becomes hard, and the SnSb intermetallic compound is coarsened, distortion is concentrated at grain boundaries, and there is a possibility of breakage from the grain boundaries.
- the upper limit of the Sb content is 15.0% or less, preferably 14.0% or less, more preferably 13.0% or less, still more preferably 12.0% or less, particularly preferably It is 11.0% or less.
- the upper limit of the Sb content is most preferably 9.0% or less from the viewpoint of improving the wetting spreadability and facilitating the flow of the solder between the pipes.
- Cu 0.5 to 8.0% Cu is an element necessary to improve the joint strength of the solder joint. If Cu is less than 0.5%, the strength is not improved and the temperature cycle characteristics are not improved.
- the lower limit of the Cu content is 0.5% or more, more preferably 0.6% or more, still more preferably 0.8% or more, and particularly preferably 1.0% or more.
- the upper limit of the Cu content is 8.0% or less, preferably 6.0% or less, more preferably 5.0% or less, and still more preferably 4.0% or less.
- the Cu content is particularly preferably 3.0% or less from the viewpoint of improving the wetting spreadability and facilitating the flow of the solder between the pipes.
- Ni 0.025 to 0.7%
- Ni is an element necessary to be uniformly dispersed in Cu 6 Sn 5 and to suppress breakage at the bonding interface between the metal pipe and the solder alloy. Also, by adding it with Co, the growth of the IMC layer is suppressed, and a uniform and fine IMC layer is formed. If the Ni content is less than 0.025%, the effect of suppressing the growth of the IMC layer can not be sufficiently exhibited when added simultaneously with Co.
- the lower limit of the Ni content is 0.025% or more, preferably 0.035% or more, and particularly preferably 0.05% or more. On the other hand, if the Ni content exceeds 0.7%, the liquidus temperature exceeds 450 ° C., and the workability of soldering deteriorates.
- the upper limit of the Ni content is 0.7% or less, preferably 0.6% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less, and still more preferably 0.4% or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of facilitating the flow of the solder into the pipe, the upper limit of the Ni content is particularly preferably 0.1% or less, and most preferably 0.07% or less.
- Co 0.025 to 0.3% Co is added together with Ni to suppress the growth of the IMC layer and form a fine IMC layer. Co is generated in large numbers as a solidification nucleus when the solder alloy is solidified, and contributes to the refinement of the structure of the solder alloy in order to precipitate Sn phase around it. Along with this, the IMC layer at the bonding interface becomes thinner, and the growth of the IMC layer can be suppressed. Furthermore, since Ni is uniformly present in Cu 6 Sn 5 , the growth of crystal grains is suppressed to each other, which suppresses the growth of the IMC layer. Such effects are not exhibited when the Co content is less than 0.025%.
- the lower limit of the Co content is 0.025% or more, preferably 0.035% or more, and particularly preferably 0.050% or more. On the other hand, if the Co content exceeds 0.3%, the liquidus temperature exceeds 450 ° C., and the workability of soldering deteriorates.
- the upper limit of the Co content is 0.3% or less, preferably 0.2% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and particularly preferably 0.07% or less.
- Ratio of Ni and Co the ratio of the content of Ni and Co satisfies the following equation (1). 0.07 ⁇ Co / Ni ⁇ 6 (1)
- “Co” and “Ni” represent the contents (mass%) of Co and Ni, respectively.
- Co and Ni are particularly effective in bonding Cu and Fe tubes. Both elements suppress the diffusion of Fe into the solder alloy, and as a result, the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds such as FeSn and FeSn 2 can be suppressed. Also, as described above, Ni is uniformly dispersed in Cu 6 Sn 5 formed at the bonding interface to suppress destruction at the bonding interface with the Cu tube, and Co suppresses the growth of the IMC layer. Because of this, both elements are closely related in the solder alloy of the present invention. That is, in the present invention, it is presumed that the intermetallic compound becomes finer by adding Ni to make the structure of the intermetallic compound uniform and then adding Co.
- Co / Ni which is a ratio of content of both elements satisfy
- the lower limit of Co / Ni is 0.07 or more, more preferably 0.09 or more.
- the upper limit of Co / Ni is 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, still more preferably 2 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or less.
- preform solder according to the present invention can be used in the form of a ring shape, a cylindrical shape, a wire solder wound with three or less turns, or the like. Details will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the solder alloy according to the present invention is suitably used for core solder which has a flux in advance. Moreover, it can also be used in the form of wire solder from the viewpoint of supplying solder to the crucible. Furthermore, it is also possible to apply to flux core solder in which flux is sealed in flux solder.
- the flux may be coated on the surface of each solder. In addition to this, the flux may be coated on the surface of the solder having no flux in the solder.
- the flux content in the solder is, for example, 1 to 10% by mass, and the rosin content in the flux is 70 to 95%.
- rosin is an organic compound and contains carbon and oxygen, the present invention is not limited to terminal functional groups and the like.
- solder joint is suitable for connecting metal pipes.
- the metal pipe may be plated with solder.
- solder joint refers to a connection portion of piping.
- a method of joining pipes using a solder alloy according to the present invention includes, for example, a first pipe and a second pipe provided with an expanded portion having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the first pipe at its end. Join.
- the process of fitting the preform solder to the first pipe the first pipe fitted with the preform solder is inserted into the expanded pipe portion of the second pipe, and the preform solder is abutted to the end face of the expanded pipe part And the process of heating the preform solder.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a method of joining pipes
- FIG. 1 (a) is a side view of a first pipe 1
- FIG. 1 (b) is a side view of a second pipe 2 having an expanded pipe portion 2a
- FIG. 1 (c) is a view showing a process of fitting the preform solder 3 to the first pipe 1
- FIG. 1 (d) is a process of fitting the first pipe 1 into the second pipe 2 and FIG.
- It is a figure which shows the process made to contact the end face 2b of the expanded tube part 2a
- FIG.1 (e) is a figure which shows the process which heats the preform solder 3
- FIG.1 (f) heats the preform solder 3. Then, the solder flows into the gap between the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 and both pipes are joined to form a joint portion 4.
- the first pipe 1 shown in FIG. 1A is a normal pipe whose end is not specially processed.
- the second pipe 2 is provided with the expanded pipe portion 2 a at least at one end.
- the inner diameter of the expanded portion 2 a is larger than the outer diameter of the first pipe 1 so that the end of the first pipe 1 can be inserted.
- the difference between the outer diameter of the first pipe 1 and the inner diameter of the expanded portion 2a may be such that the solder can fill the gap between the two, and may be about 2 mm.
- the outer diameter of the portion other than the expanded pipe portion 2 a is preferably equal to or less than the outer diameter of the first pipe 1, and more preferably the same as the outer diameter of the first pipe 1. If the outer diameter of the portion other than the expanded pipe portion 2a is equal to or less than the outer diameter of the first pipe 1, when the first pipe 1 is inserted into the expanded pipe portion 2a, the end of the first pipe 1 at the reduced diameter portion 2c of the expanded pipe portion 2a Since the parts abut and the fitting length of the first pipe 1 to the expanded pipe portion 2a becomes constant, the work becomes easy. Further, the materials of both are not particularly limited, and for example, a Cu tube or an Fe tube containing Fe as a main component may be used. Solder plating may be applied to these pipes.
- the ring-shaped preform solder 3 has a substantially circular cross section in order to form a wire solder in a ring shape, and the contact area with the end face 2 b of the expanded tube portion 2 a is small. For this reason, it may be difficult for molten solder to flow into the gap between the expanded pipe portion 2 a and the first pipe 1.
- the end of expanded tube portion 2a is shown in FIG. It is desirable to provide the flared portion 2d as shown in FIG.
- the width on one side of the flared portion 2d may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the cross-sectional diameter of the ring-shaped preform solder 3 so that the molten solder does not overflow the outer periphery of the expanded portion 2a.
- the shape of flared portion 2 d in the longitudinal cross-section of second pipe 2 is funnel-shaped. The same applies to the shape of the expanded portion 2 a in the longitudinal cross section of the second pipe 2.
- a flux may be applied to the outer peripheral surface of the end of the first pipe 1 and / or the inner peripheral surface of the expanded pipe portion 2 a of the second pipe 2 .
- the flux may be dropped onto the preform solder 3.
- the brazing material joining When a solder having a melting point lower than that of the brazing material is used as a joined body, temperature variations can be reduced.
- the brazing material joining the brazing material is melted by heating it to a high temperature as high as 1000 ° C using a burner, so that a variation of about 900 to 1100 ° C occurs depending on the degree of proficiency, causing a difference in the quality of the joint
- the solder may be heated to about 300 to 450 ° C., and even if the degree of skill is low, it is hard to imagine that a temperature error as much as 200 ° C. occurs as in the brazing material. When such a temperature error occurs at the time of soldering, it is difficult to do the soldering itself.
- brazing is usually difficult to control temperature in a short time because heating is performed using a burner. Even if it heats with the high frequency induction heating device, In order to heat to a high temperature as high as 1000 ° C., it is necessary to provide a large power supply device and a large-scale cooling mechanism for cooling the coil, and the workability is poor. Even the low temperature brazing material must be heated to 500 ° C. or more, and the above problems can not be solved. Furthermore, joining using a brazing material raises costs because it requires high-temperature heating.
- the shape of the preform solder 3 used in the present invention is preferably a hollow cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 3 (a).
- a hollow cylindrical shape it is only necessary to lengthen the preform solder 3 in order to increase the amount of solder.
- the hollow cylindrical preform solder 3 can be formed simply by rolling the wire solder and cutting it into a predetermined length and then forming it in an annular shape, it leads to cost reduction.
- the longitudinal cross section of the preform solder 3 is preferably substantially rectangular.
- the contact area is large, and the molten solder easily flows into the gap between the expanded portion 2a and the first pipe 1, The quality of the joint 4 shown in 1 (f) is stabilized.
- the outer diameter of the preform solder 3 be substantially the same as the outer diameter of the expanded tube portion 2a. In this case, the molten solder does not overflow onto the outer periphery of the expanded pipe portion 2a.
- the preform solder 3 may have a ring shape as shown in FIG. 3 (b).
- the wire solder may be cut into a predetermined length and then formed into an annular shape, which can be easily processed and cost can be reduced.
- the outer diameter may be increased while maintaining the inner diameter in order to increase the amount of solder.
- a wire solder may be used which is spirally wound with three or less turns. When winding wire solder, according to the contact area of the 1st piping 1 and the 2nd piping 2, the number of turns is suitably adjusted to 2.5 rounds, 2 rounds, etc.
- the inside diameter of the preform solder 3 is preferably substantially the same as the outside diameter of the first pipe 1.
- the preform solder 3 when the preform solder 3 is fitted to the first pipe 1 when the inner diameter of the preform solder 3 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the first pipe 1, the friction between the preform solder 3 and the first pipe 1 Thus, the preform solder 3 is fixed at a predetermined position of the first pipe 1. As a result, when the first pipe 1 is inserted into the second pipe 2, the preform solder 3 does not slide down, and the operation can be facilitated.
- the preform solder 3 is preferably a core solder. If it is not a solder core, flux may be applied to the end of the first pipe 1. Further, when the amount of solder is not sufficient with the preform solder 3 alone, the end portion of the first pipe 1 may be coated with a preliminary solder.
- the preform solder 3 comprises the preform solder 3 and the first pipe 1. It will be fixed without dropping from the first pipe 1 by friction.
- the first solder pipe 1 is fitted into the expanded pipe portion 2a while the preform solder 3 slides on the outer peripheral surface of the first pipe 1.
- the preform solder 3 needs to be in contact with the end face 2b of the expanded portion 2a when the insertion of the first pipe 1 is completed.
- molten solder may not flow in into the clearance gap between the expanded pipe part 2a and the 1st piping 1, and a joining defect may generate
- the position of the preform solder 3 fitted to the first pipe 1 may be an end of the first pipe 1, and the first pipe 1 is in contact with the reduced diameter portion 2c of the expanded pipe portion 2a. In this case, the position may be such that the preform solder 3 abuts on the end face 2b of the expanded pipe portion 2a.
- the heating of the preform solder 3 is performed by heating the piping.
- the heating of the pipe may be heating by a near infrared lamp (NIR) or heating by a high frequency induction method, and heating by a high frequency induction method is desirable.
- NIR near infrared lamp
- the high frequency induction heating method is suitable for joining pipes since the portion corresponding to the coil of the high frequency induction heating device can be locally heated. Since the melting point of the solder is at most about 300 to 450 ° C., the power supply of the high frequency induction heating apparatus can be made compact in size, and the workability is not impaired. Since the heating temperature may be about 300 to 450 ° C. according to the liquidus temperature, it is not necessary to provide a large cooling mechanism in the coil of the high frequency induction heating device.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but may be about 1 to 10 minutes as long as the preform solder 3 is melted. Thereby, the cost reduction by heating for a short time can be implement
- the heating atmosphere is preferably performed in the atmosphere from the viewpoint of workability.
- the heating temperature may be appropriately adjusted according to the composition of the solder, and may be about 250 to 450 ° C.
- the control of the heating temperature may be controlled while adjusting the output of the near-infrared lamp or the high-frequency induction heating apparatus using, for example, an infrared thermometer.
- the effect was confirmed by the following alloy composition.
- the plate and the solder alloy were bonded instead of the pipe. The details are as follows.
- a solder alloy having the alloy composition shown in Table 1 is formed into a 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm ⁇ 1 mm t preform solder, placed on an Fe plate (carbon steel for machine structure S50C), and heated in the atmosphere for 3 minutes at 450 ° C. , Form a solder joint.
- the “liquidus temperature” is evaluated by DSC measurement using a sample amount: about 30 mg and a temperature rising rate of 15 ° C./min using a model number: EXSTAR DSC 7020 manufactured by SII Nano Technology Co., Ltd. Those having a temperature of 450 ° C. or less were regarded as pass “ ⁇ ”. Those having a liquidus temperature exceeding 450 ° C. were regarded as “bad”.
- the heating temperature at bonding can be set to 450 ° C. or lower, in order to satisfy all the requirements of the present invention in any alloy composition, and IMC at bonding is Layer growth was suppressed. Further, since the solidus temperature is constant regardless of the composition, control of the solid phase amount and the liquid phase amount becomes easy in the heating temperature range of the two phase coexistence region of the liquid phase and the solid phase, and a more solid bonding portion It is possible to form For this reason, the pipe joints joined using the solder alloys of Examples 1 to 19 exhibit high reliability, and can withstand long-term use even when they are used for pipe joint for a cooling device. I understand. Further, in Examples 1 to 19, similar results were obtained for the Cu plate.
- Comparative Example 1 it was found that low temperature bonding was difficult because the content of Ni was large and the liquidus temperature exceeded 450 ° C. It is considered that Comparative Example 2 does not contain Ni and Co, so the IMC layer grows and does not show the reliability of the junction. It is considered that Comparative Example 3 does not contain Co, so that the IMC layer grows and does not show the reliability of the junction.
- Table 1 will be further detailed using FIG. 4 and FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 using 450 ° C.-3 min. It is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the joining surface joined to the Fe plate under the heating condition (held at 450 ° C. for 3 minutes), and FIG. 4 (a) extracts two joining surfaces using the comparative example 3 arbitrarily, It is a SEM photograph which shows the result of having measured the film thickness of the IMC layer formed in the cross section of each 5 points, and FIG. 4 (b) extracts the bonding surface in Example 5 arbitrarily at two places, It is a SEM photograph which shows the result of having measured the film thickness of the IMC layer formed in the cross section five points each.
- the average IMC layer thickness of the bonding surface using Comparative Example 3 is 4.88 ⁇ m
- the average bonding surface using Example 5 is average.
- the IMC layer thickness was 2.84 ⁇ m. Therefore, it was found that in Comparative Example 3 in which Co is not contained, the IMC layer is 1.7 times thicker than Example 5. It is presumed that this is because the crystal nucleus of Co is not generated in Comparative Example 3 because Co is not contained, and the IMC layer becomes thick.
- Example 5 and Comparative Example 3 were obtained also in the other examples and comparative examples.
- FIG. 5 shows comparative example 3 and example 5, and 450 ° C.-3 min. , 450 ° C-10 min.
- 5 (a) is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the bonding surface bonded to the Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. 5B is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of a bonding surface bonded to an Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. 5C is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of a bonding surface bonded to an Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. 5
- (d) is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of a bonding surface bonded to an Fe plate under the heating conditions of FIG. It is a SEM photograph which shows the cross section of the joining surface joined to Fe board on the heating conditions of 5 ..
- “450 ° C.-3 min.” Means maintaining at 450 ° C. for 3 minutes in the air, and “450 ° C.-10 min.” Means maintaining at 450 ° C. for 10 minutes in the air.
- Example 5 is thin compared with the comparative example 3, and IMC layer is thin and a structure
- the solder alloy of this invention is suitable for low temperature joining of Cu pipe and Cu pipe, and low temperature joining of Cu pipe and Fe pipe, and especially, pipe joining of a cooling device mounted in recent white goods household appliances. It is suitable for use.
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Abstract
Description
さらに詳細な調査を行った結果、Ni含有量およびCo含有量の含有比が所定の範囲内においてIMC層の成長を低減する知見も得られた。
(1)質量%で、Sb:5.0~15.0%、Cu:0.5~8.0%、Ni:0.025~0.7%、Co:0.025~0.3%、残部Snからなる合金組成を有し、
前記合金組成は、下記(1)式を満たす
ことを特徴とする、Cu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
0.07≦ Co/Ni ≦6 (1)
(1)式中、「Co」、「Ni」は、各々Co、Niの含有量(質量%)を表す。
(3)合金組成は、質量%で、Cu:0.5~3.0%を含有する、上記(1)または上記(2)に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
(4)合金組成は、質量%で、Ni:0.025~0.1%を含有する、上記(1)~上記(3)のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
(5)液相線温度が450℃以下である、上記(1)~上記(4)のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
(6)上記(1)~上記(5)のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金を有するプリフォームはんだ。
(8)上記(1)~上記(5)のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金を有するはんだ継手。
(1)Sb:5.0~15.0%
Sbははんだ合金の強度を向上させるために必要な元素である。また、Sbは温度サイクル性や耐疲労性を向上させる元素である。
Sb含有量が5.0%未満であると上記効果を発揮することができない。Sb含有量の下限は5.0%以上であり、好ましくは6.0以上であり、より好ましくは6.5%以上であり、特に好ましくは7.0%以上である。一方、Sb含有量が15.0%を超えると、液相線温度が450℃を超えやすくなるため、はんだ付けの作業性が悪化する。また、はんだ合金が硬くなり、また、SnSb金属間化合物が粗大化して歪みが粒界に集中し、粒界から破断するおそれがある。Sb含有量の上限は15.0%以下であり、好ましくは14.0%以下であり、より好ましくは13.0%以下であり、さらに好ましいくは12.0%以下であり、特に好ましくは11.0%以下である。また濡れ広がり性を良くし、パイプ間へはんだを流れ込みやすくする観点から、Sb含有量の上限は9.0%以下であることが最も好ましい。
Cuは、はんだ継手の接合強度を向上させるために必要な元素である。Cuが0.5%未満であると、強度が向上せず、温度サイクル特性も向上しない。Cu含有量の下限は0.5%以上であり、より好ましくは0.6%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.8%以上であり、特に好ましくは1.0%以上である。一方、Cu含有量が8.0%を超えると液相線温度が450℃を超えるため、はんだ付けの作業性が悪化する。Cu含有量の上限は8.0%以下であり、好ましくは6.0%以下であり、より好ましくは5.0%以下であり、さらに好ましくは4.0%以下である。また濡れ広がり性を良くし、パイプ間へはんだを流れ込みやすくする観点から、Cu含有量は3.0%以下であることが特に好ましい。
Niは、Cu6Sn5中に均一に分散し、金属配管とはんだ合金との接合界面での破断を抑制するために必要な元素である。
また、Coとともに添加することによって、IMC層の成長を抑制し、均一で微細なIMC層を形成する。Ni含有量が0.025%未満であるとCoと同時添加した際にIMC層の成長を抑制する効果を十分に発揮することができない。Ni含有量の下限は0.025%以上であり、好ましくは0.035%以上であり、特に好ましくは0.05%以上である。一方、Ni含有量が0.7%を超えると液相線温度が450℃を超えるため、はんだ付けの作業性が悪化する。Ni含有量の上限は0.7%以下であり、好ましくは0.6%以下であり、より好ましくは0.5%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.4%以下である。
さらに、パイプ間へはんだを流れ込みやすくする観点から、Ni含有量の上限は、特に好ましくは0.1%以下であり、最も好ましくは0.07%以下である。
CoはNiとともに添加することによって、IMC層の成長を抑制し、微細なIMC層を形成する。Coは、はんだ合金の凝固時に凝固核として多数生成され、その周りにSn相を析出させるためにはんだ合金の組織の微細化に寄与する。これに伴い、接合界面のIMC層が薄くなり、IMC層の成長を抑制することができる。さらに、NiがCu6Sn5中に均一に存在するため、結晶粒の成長が互いに抑制され、IMC層の成長を抑制することになる。
Co含有量が0.025%未満であると、このような効果が発揮されない。Co含有量の下限は0.025%以上であり、好ましくは0.035%以上であり、特に好ましくは0.050%以上である。一方、Co含有量が0.3%を超えると液相線温度が450℃を超えるため、はんだ付けの作業性が悪化する。Co含有量の上限は0.3%以下であり、好ましくは0.2%以下であり、より好ましくは0.1%以下であり、特に好ましくは0.07%以下である。
本発明では、NiとCoの含有量の比率は下記(1)式を満たす。
0.07≦ Co/Ni ≦6 (1)
(1)式中、「Co」、「Ni」は、各々Co、Niの含有量(質量%)を表す。
本発明に係るプリフォームはんだは、リング形状、円筒形状、線はんだを3周以下で巻回されたもの、などの形態で使用することができる。詳細には図3を用いて後述する。
本発明に係るはんだ合金は、予めはんだ中にフラックスを有するやに入りはんだに好適に用いられる。また、鏝にはんだを供給する観点から、線はんだの形態で用いることもできる。さらには、線はんだにフラックスが封止されているやに入り線はんだに適用することもできる。それぞれのはんだの表面にフラックスが被覆されていてもよい。これに加えて、はんだ中にフラックスを有さないはんだの表面にフラックスが被覆されていてもよい。
本発明に係るはんだ継手は、金属配管同士の接続に適している。金属配管にははんだめっきが施されていてもよい。ここで、「はんだ継手」とは配管の接続部をいう。
本発明に係るはんだ合金を用いた配管の接合方法は、例えば、第一配管と、第一配管の外径より大きい内径を有する拡管部を端部に備える第二配管と、を接合する。
図1は配管の接合方法を示す図であり、図1(a)は第一配管1の側面図であり、図1(b)は拡管部2aを備える第二配管2の側面図であり、図1(c)は第一配管1にプリフォームはんだ3を嵌合する工程を示す図であり、図1(d)は第二配管2に第一配管1を嵌入するとともにプリフォームはんだ3を拡管部2aの端面2bに当接させる工程を示す図であり、図1(e)はプリフォームはんだ3を加熱する工程を示す図であり、図1(f)は、プリフォームはんだ3を加熱して第一配管1と第二配管2の隙間にはんだが流れ込み両配管を接合して接合部4を形成した状態を示す部分透視図である。
本発明で用いる配管は、図1(a)および図1(b)に示すように直線状のものを使用してもよく、所定の角度に曲がったものを使用してもよい。図1(a)に示す第一配管1は端部に特殊加工が施されていない通常の配管である。第二配管2は、図1(b)に示すように、端部の少なくとも一方に拡管部2aを備える。拡管部2aの内径は、第一配管1の端部を嵌入可能なように、第一配管1の外径より大きい。第一配管1の外径と拡管部2aの内径との差は、はんだが両者の隙間を充填可能な程度でよく、2mm程度でよい。
(2)第一配管にプリフォームはんだを嵌合する工程
この接合方法では、まず、図1(c)に示すように、第一配管1の端部にプリフォームはんだ3を嵌合する。プリフォームはんだ3は一定の大きさおよび形状を有するため、ろう材のように熟練度を必要とせずに所定量のはんだを低温域で供給することができる。
1000℃もの高温に加熱するためには大きな電源装置とコイルを冷却するための大掛かりな冷却機構を備える必要があり、作業性が劣る。低温ろう材であっても500℃以上に加熱をしなければならず、上記の問題を解決するには至らない。さらには、ろう材を用いた接合は高温加熱を必須とするためにコスト上昇を招く。
図1(d)に示すように、プリフォームはんだ3が端部に嵌合された第一配管1を拡管部2aに嵌入すると、まず、プリフォームはんだ3が拡管部2aの端面2bに当接する。さらに第一配管1を拡管部2aに嵌入すると、プリフォームはんだ3が拡管部2aと当接した状態で、第一配管1だけが拡管部2a内に嵌入される。この結果、図1(e)に示すように、第一配管1の端部は拡管部2aの縮径部2cと当接する。
プリフォームはんだ3を加熱すると、はんだが拡管部2aと第一配管1との隙間に流れ込み、第一配管1と第二配管2とが図1(f)に示すように接合し、接合部4を形成する。
評価した結果を表1に示す。
Claims (8)
- 質量%で、Sb:5.0~15.0%、Cu:0.5~8.0%、Ni:0.025~0.7%、Co:0.025~0.3%、残部Snからなる合金組成を有し、
前記合金組成は、下記(1)式を満たす
ことを特徴とする、Cu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
0.07≦ Co/Ni ≦6 (1)
(1)式中、「Co」、「Ni」は、各々Co、Niの含有量(質量%)を表す。 - 前記合金組成は、質量%で、Sb:5.0~9.0%を含有する、請求項1に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
- 前記合金組成は、質量%で、Cu:0.5~3.0%を含有する、請求項1または2に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
- 前記合金組成は、質量%で、Ni:0.025~0.1%を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
- 液相線温度が450℃以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金を有するプリフォームはんだ。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金を有するやに入りはんだ。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のCu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金を有するはんだ継手。
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BR112019008146A BR112019008146A2 (pt) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-06-07 | ligas de solda, solda pré-formada e solda com núcleo de fluxo |
CN201880004018.5A CN109963684B (zh) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-06-07 | Cu管和/或Fe管接合用软钎料合金、预成型软钎料、包芯软钎料及钎焊接头 |
US16/341,386 US20190358751A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-06-07 | Solder alloy for bonding cu pipes and/or fe pipes, preform solder, resin flux cored solder, and solder joint |
SG11201903430PA SG11201903430PA (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-06-07 | Solder alloy for bonding cu pipes and/or fe pipes, preform solder, resin flux cored solder, and solder joint |
MX2019004644A MX2019004644A (es) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-06-07 | Aleacion de soldadura para unir tubos de cu y/o tubos de fe, soldadura de preforma, soldadura de nucleo fundente de resina y union soldada. |
EP18857692.0A EP3513900A4 (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-06-07 | SOLDER ALLOY FOR CONNECTING CU TUBES AND / OR FE TUBES, PREFORM SOLDER, RESIN FLUID FILLED SOLDER AND SOLDER JOINT |
PH12019500835A PH12019500835A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2019-04-16 | Solder alloy for bonding cu pipes and/or fe pipes, preform solder, resin flux cored solder, and solder joint |
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JP2017-180660 | 2017-09-20 | ||
JP2017180660A JP6292342B1 (ja) | 2017-09-20 | 2017-09-20 | Cu管及び/又はFe管接合用はんだ合金、プリフォームはんだ、やに入りはんだおよびはんだ継手 |
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EP (1) | EP3513900A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6292342B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN109963684B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112019008146A2 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2019004644A (ja) |
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JP7079889B1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | はんだ合金、はんだ接合材、ソルダペースト及び半導体パッケージ |
JP7133739B1 (ja) | 2021-11-30 | 2022-09-08 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | 接合部、電子回路基板及び半導体パッケージ |
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EP4411792A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2024-08-07 | Tamura Corporation | Bonding material and semiconductor package |
EP4212278A4 (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-09-06 | Tamura Corporation | SOLDER ALLOY, SOLDER JOINT, SOLDER PASTE, AND SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE |
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JP7079889B1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | はんだ合金、はんだ接合材、ソルダペースト及び半導体パッケージ |
JP7133739B1 (ja) | 2021-11-30 | 2022-09-08 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | 接合部、電子回路基板及び半導体パッケージ |
WO2023100383A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-08 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | はんだ合金、はんだ接合材、ソルダペースト及び半導体パッケージ |
JP2023081268A (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-09 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | 接合部、電子回路基板及び半導体パッケージ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3513900A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
SG11201903430PA (en) | 2019-05-30 |
BR112019008146A2 (pt) | 2019-07-02 |
JP6292342B1 (ja) | 2018-03-14 |
MX2019004644A (es) | 2019-06-17 |
EP3513900A4 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
JP2019055410A (ja) | 2019-04-11 |
US20190358751A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
CN109963684B (zh) | 2020-05-08 |
PH12019500835A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
CN109963684A (zh) | 2019-07-02 |
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