WO2019030447A1 - Sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a gas dome structure - Google Patents

Sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a gas dome structure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019030447A1
WO2019030447A1 PCT/FR2018/052021 FR2018052021W WO2019030447A1 WO 2019030447 A1 WO2019030447 A1 WO 2019030447A1 FR 2018052021 W FR2018052021 W FR 2018052021W WO 2019030447 A1 WO2019030447 A1 WO 2019030447A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary
thermally insulating
sealed
sheath
sealing membrane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2018/052021
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Antoine PHILIPPE
Original Assignee
Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport Et Technigaz filed Critical Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority to RU2020104051A priority Critical patent/RU2759040C2/en
Priority to KR1020207006579A priority patent/KR102506308B1/en
Priority to CN201880058012.6A priority patent/CN111094833B/en
Publication of WO2019030447A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019030447A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, for the storage and / or transport of a fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
  • Sealed and thermally insulating vessels are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the sealed and thermally insulating vessel has walls which successively have, in a thickness direction, a secondary thermally insulating barrier resting against a bearing structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier; a primary thermally insulating barrier resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
  • the gas dome structure has a vapor collecting duct for defining a steam circulation path between the interior of the vessel and a vapor manifold, not shown, located outside the vessel.
  • the gas dome structure also incorporates a primary exhaust device that allows evacuation of the gas present in the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the primary exhaust device comprises a conduit opening into a sealed primary space of the gas dome which communicates with the primary thermally insulating barrier of the tank.
  • a gas dome structure as described in the aforementioned document is not completely satisfactory.
  • the evacuation rate of the fluid present in the thermally insulating barrier can be done only to the detriment of an increase in the size of the gas dome at the level of the secondary sealing membrane, which leads, for certain types of tanks, to degrade the mechanical performance of the secondary waterproofing membrane.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a gas dome structure equipped with a primary exhaust device for evacuation of the fluid present in the primary thermally insulating barrier and which is able to rapidly evacuate large quantities of fluid present in its primary thermally insulating barrier and without degrading the mechanical performance of the wall of the tank at the level of the gas dome structure.
  • the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank, intended to store a liquefied gas, comprising an upper wall having successively in a thickness direction, a secondary thermal insulating barrier resting against a bearing structure, a membrane secondary seal against the secondary thermally insulating barrier; a primary thermally insulating barrier resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the vessel; the vessel further comprising a gas dome structure comprising:
  • a steam collecting duct for extracting vapors produced by the evaporation of the liquefied gas in the tank, said vapor collection duct passing through an opening in the supporting structure and passing through the upper wall of the tank; steam collecting duct having a peripheral wall sealingly connected to the primary sealing membrane;
  • a sheath which is disposed around the vapor collection pipe, said sheath having a lower end which is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane; said sheath being sealingly connected to the vapor collecting pipe by means of an upper annular plate which extends transversely between the sheath and the vapor collecting pipe so as to provide a sealed primary space between the sheath and its collecting pipe; steam; said sealed primary space communicating with the barrier thermally insulating primary; the sheath having, between the upper annular plate and the secondary sealing membrane, a shape arranged in such a way that the sheath narrows towards the secondary sealing membrane; and
  • a primary exhaust device for discharging a fluid from the primary thermally insulating barrier, the primary exhaust device comprising a duct sealingly connected to the upper annular plate and communicating with the primary thermally insulating barrier through the space waterproof primary.
  • the section of the conduit of the primary exhaust device which is sealingly connected to the upper annular plate and the bulk of the sheath at the level of the secondary sealing membrane are decorrelated.
  • the section of the duct of the primary exhaust device can be optimized in order to achieve a sufficient discharge flow, without this section optimization resulting in an increase in the section of the sheath at the level of the diaphragm. secondary sealing and, therefore, without degradation of the mechanical properties of the secondary waterproofing membrane.
  • such a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank may include one or more of the following features.
  • the sheath has a shape arranged such that an outer diameter of the sheath narrows towards the secondary sealing membrane, between the upper annular plate (20) and the secondary sealing membrane .
  • the sheath has at the level of the upper annular plate an inner section, in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the gas dome structure, which has a dimension greater than an internal section of the sheath at its level. sealing connection to the secondary sealing membrane.
  • the sheath has, between the upper annular plate and the secondary sealing membrane, a frustoconical portion narrowing in the direction of the secondary sealing membrane.
  • the sealed primary space communicates with the thermally insulating barrier through a passage formed between the vapor collection pipe and the secondary waterproofing membrane and / or through its secondary waterproofing membrane.
  • the gas dome structure comprises an insulating lining disposed in the sealed primary space formed between the sheath and the vapor collection duct; a passage in the insulating lining connecting the conduit to the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the secondary sealing membrane has an opening through which the vapor collection pipe passes, said opening having a diameter greater than that of the peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe so as to provide a space between the wall peripheral of the vapor collecting duct and the secondary sealing membrane an annular passageway communicating the sealed primary space and the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the sheath has a lower end which is welded to a lower annular plate, said lower annular plate being welded to the secondary sealing membrane and having an opening which is traversed by the vapor collection line and which has a diameter greater than that of the peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe so as to communicate the sealed primary space and the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the passage is formed in the insulating lining so that, from the conduit of the primary exhaust device in the direction of the annular passage, said passage is close to the vapor collecting duct.
  • the passage is formed in the insulating lining so that its section remains at any point greater than or equal to the section of the conduit of the primary exhaust device.
  • the passage is formed by a succession of cylindrical cavities cut in the insulating lining and communicating with each other.
  • the upper annular plate is positioned above the supporting structure.
  • the conduit of the primary exhaust device is welded on the periphery of an opening in the upper annular plate.
  • the primary exhaust device is connected to a valve able to open when its pressure in the primary thermally insulating barrier is greater than a threshold pressure.
  • the secondary sealing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets welded to each other in a sealed manner and each comprising at least two perpendicular corrugations.
  • the aforementioned gas dome structure is particularly advantageous when the secondary waterproofing membrane is a corrugated membrane because by limiting the dimensions of the gas dome structure at the level of the secondary waterproofing membrane, the number of undulations interrupted by the structure the gas dome can be limited, which makes it possible to limit the elasticity losses of the secondary sealing membrane at the passage of the gas dome structure. This makes it possible to maintain uniformity in the work of the corrugations, and in particular makes it possible to limit the stresses in the sealing connection between the sheath and the secondary sealing membrane.
  • the gas dome structure has a central axis; two guidelines of two central corrugations perpendicular to each other of the secondary sealing membrane crossing at the central axis of the gas dome structure.
  • each of the two central corrugations is disposed between two adjacent corrugations, the two adjacent corrugations of each of the two central corrugations defining a perimeter inside which the sheath is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane.
  • the gas dome structure has an outer barrel that is disposed around the vapor collecting duct and the duct and is sealed to the supporting structure.
  • annular passage is provided between the support structure and the sheath so as to allow the fluid present in the secondary heat-insulating barrier to flow to a secondary sealing space formed between the outer shaft and the vapor collecting pipe.
  • Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a vessel for transporting a fluid comprises a double shell and a said tank disposed in the double shell, the double shell having an inner shell forming the carrying structure of the vessel.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of an insulating waterproof and thermal tank and a gas dome structure.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating in detail the lower portion of the gas dome of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the secondary sealing membrane in the gas dome area.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cutaway representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
  • a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a liquefied gas such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is partially represented.
  • the tank is equipped with a gas dome structure 1 which is intended to define a steam circulation path between the interior space 2 of the tank and a steam trap, not shown, located outside the tank.
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  • the tank is disposed inside the double hull of a vessel comprising an outer shell 3 and an inner shell 4.
  • the inner shell 4 constitutes the carrying structure of the vessel.
  • the tank has a general polyhedral shape.
  • Each wall of the tank has a multilayer structure which comprises, in the thickness direction of the tank, from the outside to the inside, a secondary heat-insulating barrier 5 resting against the inner shell 4, a secondary sealing membrane 6 anchored on the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5, a primary thermally insulating barrier 7 resting against the secondary sealing membrane 6 and a primary sealing membrane 8 which is anchored to the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 and which is intended to be contact with the fluid stored in the tank.
  • the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises a plurality of secondary insulating panels anchored to the inner shell 4 by means of resin cords, not shown, and / or studs, not shown, welded to the inner shell 4.
  • each secondary insulating panel has a layer of polymeric foam, for example made of polyurethane foam, taken into sandwich between two rigid outer and inner plates, for example plywood.
  • Each external rigid plate is equipped with metal plates for anchoring the secondary waterproofing membrane 6.
  • the secondary waterproofing membrane 8 comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets.
  • the corrugated metal sheets are arranged offset from the secondary insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 5 such that each of said corrugated metal sheets extends jointly over four adjacent secondary insulating panels.
  • the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary sealing membrane 6 are welded together and are furthermore welded along their edges on the metal plates of its secondary heat-insulating barrier 5.
  • the corrugations of the Secondary sealing membrane 5 protrude towards the outside of the tank, that is to say in the direction of the inner shell 4.
  • the corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane are then housed in grooves formed in the plate internal secondary insulation panels.
  • the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 comprises a plurality of primary insulating panels.
  • the primary insulating panels are anchored to studs projecting into the vessel through the secondary waterproofing membrane 6 from the secondary insulating panels.
  • the primary insulating panels have a structure similar to that of its secondary insulating panels, and comprise a layer of polymeric foam, for example polyurethane foam, sandwiched between two rigid outer and inner plates, for example plywood.
  • each external rigid plate of the secondary insulating panels is equipped with metal plates for anchoring the primary waterproofing membrane 8.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 8 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets.
  • the corrugated metal sheets of the primary waterproofing membrane 8 are welded together and are furthermore welded along their edges to the metal plates of the primary thermally insulating barrier 7.
  • the corrugations of the primary waterproofing membrane 8 protrude into the tank.
  • a tank and its arrangement at a gas dome structure are described in particular in WO2016166481 application.
  • the gas dome structure 1 comprises an outer barrel 9, of cylindrical shape which extends in a longitudinal direction which is oriented orthogonally to the upper wall of the tank.
  • the outer barrel 9 passes through an opening 10 formed in the upper wall of the outer shell 3.
  • the outer barrel 9 is welded to a flange 41 which extends radially outwards with respect to the longitudinal axis of the outer casing 9.
  • the lower end of the outer shaft 9 is sealed to the inner shell 4 at the periphery of a circular opening 11 formed in the inner shell 4.
  • the upper end of the outer shaft 9 is sealed by a removable cover 12.
  • the lid 12 is fixed on an annular flange 13 which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the outer barrel 9 and radially outwardly thereof.
  • the lid 12 is attached to the assembly flange by means of a plurality of fasteners.
  • a seal, not shown, is compressed between the cover 12 and the assembly flange 13 and thus ensures a seal between the outside and the inside of the outer barrel 9.
  • the lid 12 has a central orifice 14 which is intended to be connected to a steam manifold, not shown, which is able to circulate the steam towards a degassing mast, a burner, a cooling device propulsion of the vessel and / or a liquefaction device in which the vapor phase gas is re-liquefied and then reintroduced in the liquid phase into the vessel.
  • the gas dome structure 1 comprises a vapor collecting duct 15 which is anchored inside the outer barrel 9.
  • the vapor collecting pipe 15 is concentric with the outer barrel 9 and passes through the double shell passing successively through the opening 10 formed in the outer shell 3 and the opening 11 formed in the inner shell 4.
  • the vapor collecting duct 15 also passes through the upper wall of the vessel.
  • the vapor collecting duct 15 has a cylindrical peripheral wall which is welded with sealing manner to the primary sealing membrane 8 so as to seal the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 vis-à-vis the inner space 2 of the tank.
  • the vapor collecting duct 15 has a lower end which opens into the interior space 2 of the tank.
  • the vapor collecting duct 15 thus provides a steam circulation path between the inside space 2 of the tank and the steam collector, not shown, which is arranged outside the tank and is connected to the central orifice. 14 formed in the cover 12.
  • the lower end of the vapor collection pipe 15 is equipped with a deflector 16 which is positioned orthogonally to the longitudinal direction of the vapor collection pipe 15 and the cylindrical peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe 15 has openings 17 allowing the vapor phase which is present in the interior space 2 of the tank to access the steam 15.
  • the vapor-collecting duct 15 is also equipped with a filter 17, here disposed at its upper end, producing a pressure drop and thus making it possible to prevent gas in the liquid phase from passing through the steam collecting duct 5 to the steam collector.
  • the gas dome structure 1 further comprises an annular insulation layer 18 which is uniformly distributed over the outer span of the vapor collection pipe 15.
  • the structure of the gas dome 1 comprises a sheath 19, shown in detail in FIG. 2, which is concentric with the vapor collection duct 15 and which is arranged radially between the vapor collection duct 15 and the cask outside 9.
  • the upper end of the sheath 19 is sealingly welded to an upper annular plate 20.
  • the upper annular plate 20 surrounds the vapor collection line 5 and is sealed to said vapor collection line 15.
  • the plate upper annular 20 is disposed above the inner shell 4 and therefore extends in the space between the inner shell 4 and the outer shell 3 of the double shell.
  • the upper annular plate 20 supports the annular insulation layer 18, said annular insulation layer 18 being optionally adhered to the upper annular plate 20.
  • a sealed primary space 22 is formed between the sheath 19 and the vapor collection pipe 15.
  • a lower annular plate 21 extending in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the gas dome structure 1 is sealingly welded to the secondary sealing membrane 6.
  • the lower annular plate 21 is welded to a tubular portion 23 which makes protrusion outwardly of the vessel and in which the lower end of the sheath 19 engages, the lower end of the sheath 19 being sealingly welded to the tubular portion 23.
  • the lower annular plate 21 has a circular opening 24 through which the steam collection pipe 15 and having a diameter greater than that of the vapor collection pipe 15.
  • the secondary sealing membrane 6 is not welded. on the peripheral wall of the vapor collection duct 15 and also has a circular aperture whose diameter is greater than that of the vapor collection duct 15.
  • an annular passage 25 is formed around the collection duct 15. and allows the fluid in the primary heat-insulating barrier 7 to flow to the sealed primary space 22 which is formed between the sheath 19 and the vapor collection line 15.
  • the sheath 19 comprises, between the lower annular plate 21 and the upper annular plate 22, a frustoconical portion 43, whose diameter decreases from the outside to the inside of the tank.
  • its sheath 19 has at the upper annular plate 22 an internal diameter which is greater than its internal diameter at the lower annular plate 21.
  • the gas dome structure 1 comprises a primary exhaust device for protecting the primary waterproofing membrane 8 against the overpressures likely to appear in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7.
  • a primary exhaust device is particularly useful for evacuating the vapor that can be generated inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 in the event of leakage of liquefied gas through the primary waterproofing membrane 8.
  • the primary exhaust device comprises a duct 27 which passes through the outer drum 9 and then runs along the vapor collection duct 9, at the bottom of its annular insulation layer 18 until it reaches the upper annular plate 20.
  • the duct 27 comprises a spiral zone allowing thermal expansion and contraction of said duct 27,
  • the conduit 27 has a diameter greater than 5 cm and preferably greater than or equal to 7.5 cm so as to allow a sufficient discharge rate.
  • the conduit 27 is sealingly connected to the upper annular plate 20, for example by welding.
  • the upper annular plate 20 has an opening in which is inserted the end of the conduit 27 and a weld is made between the conduit 27 and the periphery of the opening. Thanks to the flared shape of the sheath 19, the upper annular plate 20 has an increased dimension in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the gas dome structure 1, which makes it possible to increase the section of the duct 27 while having sufficient clearance between the vapor collecting duct 15 and the duct 27 to allow the passage of the welding tools.
  • a passage 29 is formed in the insulating lining 26, facing the conduit 27, so as to communicate the conduit 27 and the annular passage 25 formed around the vapor collection pipe 15, which allows the fluid present in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 to be discharged to the conduit 27.
  • the passage 29 is formed in the insulating lining 26 so that its passage section remains greater than or equal to the section of the conduit 27, which allows avoid the creation of a gulet likely to limit the flow of gas that can be removed from the primary thermally insulating barrier 7.
  • the passage 29 is formed in the insulating lining 26 so that the conduit 27 towards the annular passage 25, said passage 29 approaches the central axis of the gas dome structure 1 and, consequently, of the annular passage 25.
  • the passage 29 is formed by a succession of cylindrical cavities cut into its insulating lining 26 and communicating with each other.
  • the conduit 27 is connected to a valve, not shown, which, by default, is closed and opens when the pressure in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure.
  • the installation also comprises a primary inerting device for circulating an inert gas, such as nitrogen, in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen
  • the dome structure gas 1 is equipped with a duct 30 which passes through the outer drum 9, then along the vapor collection duct 15, inside the annular insulation layer 18 until reaching the upper annular plate 20.
  • the duct 30 also comprises a spiral zone allowing thermal expansion and contraction of said duct 30.
  • the conduit 30 is sealingly connected to the upper annular plate 20, for example by welding.
  • the end of the conduit 30 passes through an opening in the upper annular plate 20 and is welded to the periphery of said opening.
  • the insulating lining 26 is provided with a passage 31 formed facing the duct 30 and communicating the duct 30 and the annular passage 25 formed around the vapor collection duct 15.
  • the duct 30 is connected to a tank of inert gas, not shown, and the installation comprises another duct, not shown, which is connected to said inert gas tank and opens inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 7, for example at a structure of liquid dome so as to provide an inert gas circulation circuit adapted to circulate inert gas within the primary thermally insulating barrier 7.
  • the sheath 19 is not welded 4 to the inner shell of the double shell so as to provide between said sheath 19 and the inner shell 4 an annular passage 32 allowing the fluid present in the secondary heat-insulating barrier 5 to flow to a secondary sealed space 33, illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the secondary sealed space 33 is formed radially between the annular insulation layer 18 and the outer shaft 9 and is limited in the upper part of the gas dome structure 1, by a crown ring 42 which sealingly connects the outer drum 9 to the vapor collection pipe 15.
  • two other conduits pass tightly through the outer drum 9 to open into the secondary sealed space 33.
  • One of the ducts is part of a secondary exhaust device to protect the secondary sealing membrane 8 against the overpressures likely to occur in the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5.
  • said conduit is connected to a valve which, by default, is closed and which opens when the pressure at the The interior of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5 exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the other conduit is part of a secondary inerting device for circulating an inert gas in the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of the secondary sealing membrane 6 in the region of the gas dome structure 1.
  • the secondary sealing membrane 8 comprises a secondary metal closure plate 34, of square shape.
  • the circular opening 35 through which the vapor collection pipe 15, not shown in FIG. 4, passes is formed in the secondary closure plate 34.
  • the two corrugated metal plates 36, 37 disposed on either side of the the secondary closure plate 34 are cut to provide a window having dimensions slightly smaller than that of the secondary closure plate 34.
  • the two corrugated metal sheets 36, 37 are sealingly welded to the secondary closure plate 34.
  • the central axis of the gas dome structure 1 is centered on a position corresponding to the intersection between the guidelines of the two perpendicular corrugations 38, 39. These two corrugations 38, 39 are therefore interrupted at the level of the secondary closure plate 34. To do this, the corrugations 38, 39 are sealed with end pieces 40. The other adjacent corrugations are not themselves interrupted and pass on both sides of the gas dome structure.
  • the lower annular plate 21 is welded to the closure plate 34 in its central zone delimited by the corrugations. It is thus understood that by limiting the diameter of the lower part of the sheath 19, and consequently the lower annular plate 21, it is possible to interrupt only two corrugations 38, 39 of the secondary sealing membrane 6, which makes it possible to limit the elasticity losses of the secondary sealing membrane 4 at the level of the passage of the gas dome structure 1.
  • a sealed and thermally insulating tank can be used in different types of tanks, for example in an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
  • a broken view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • FIG. 4 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers .
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
  • the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading station and the loading station. unloading 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG ship 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

Abstract

The invention concerns a sealed and thermally insulating tank, intended to store a liquefied gas, said tank comprising a top wall having a multilayer structure; the tank further comprising a gas dome structure (1) comprising: - a vapour collecting pipe (15); - a sheath (19) that is arranged around the vapour collecting pipe (15) and is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane (6); said sheath (19) being sealingly linked to the vapour collecting pipe (15) by means of a top annular plate (20) that extends transversely between the sheath (19) and the vapour collecting pipe (15) in such a way as to provide a sealed primary space (22) that communicates with the primary thermally insulating barrier (7); the sheath (19) having, between the top annular plate (20) and the secondary sealing membrane (6), a frustoconical portion (43) tapering towards the secondary sealing membrane (6); and - a primary exhaust device intended to discharge a fluid from the primary thermally insulating barrier (7); the primary exhaust device comprising a pipe (27) sealingly connected to the top annular plate (20).

Description

CUVE ETANCHE ET THERMIQUEMENT ISOLANTE COMPORTANT UNE SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK WITH ONE
STRUCTURE DE DOME GAZ GAS DOME STRUCTURE
Domaine technique Technical area
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves, étanches et thermiquement isolantes, pour le stockage et/ou le transport d'un fluide, tel qu'un fluide cryogénique.  The invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, for the storage and / or transport of a fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
Des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes sont notamment employées pour le stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), qui est stocké, à pression atmosphérique, à environ -162°C.  Sealed and thermally insulating vessels are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C.
Arrière-plan technologique  Technological background
Dans l'état de la technique et notamment dans la demande WO2015155377, il est décrit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié équipée d'une structure de dôme gaz. La cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comporte des parois qui présentent successivement dans une direction d'épaisseur, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire reposant contre une structure porteuse, une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire ; une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire reposant contre la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire et une membrane d'étanchéité primaire destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve.  In the state of the art and in particular in the application WO2015155377, there is described a sealed and thermally insulating tank liquefied natural gas storage equipped with a gas dome structure. The sealed and thermally insulating vessel has walls which successively have, in a thickness direction, a secondary thermally insulating barrier resting against a bearing structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier; a primary thermally insulating barrier resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
La structure de dôme gaz présente une conduite collectrice de vapeur permettant de définir une voie de circulation de vapeur entre l'espace intérieur de la cuve et un collecteur de vapeur, non représenté, situé à l'extérieur de la cuve  The gas dome structure has a vapor collecting duct for defining a steam circulation path between the interior of the vessel and a vapor manifold, not shown, located outside the vessel.
La structure de dôme gaz intègre également un dispositif d'échappement primaire qui permet une évacuation du gaz présent dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire. Pour ce faire, le dispositif d'échappement primaire comporte un conduit débouchant dans un espace primaire étanche du dôme gaz qui communique avec la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire de la cuve.  The gas dome structure also incorporates a primary exhaust device that allows evacuation of the gas present in the primary thermally insulating barrier. To do this, the primary exhaust device comprises a conduit opening into a sealed primary space of the gas dome which communicates with the primary thermally insulating barrier of the tank.
Une structure de dôme gaz telle que décrite dans le document précité n'est pas totalement satisfaisante. En particulier, le débit d'évacuation du fluide présent dans la barrière thermiquement isolante ne peut se faire qu'au détriment d'une augmentation de l'encombrement du dôme gaz au niveau de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, ce qui conduit, pour certains types de cuves, à dégrader les performances mécaniques de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire. A gas dome structure as described in the aforementioned document is not completely satisfactory. In particular, the evacuation rate of the fluid present in the thermally insulating barrier can be done only to the detriment of an increase in the size of the gas dome at the level of the secondary sealing membrane, which leads, for certain types of tanks, to degrade the mechanical performance of the secondary waterproofing membrane.
Résumé  summary
Une idée à la base de l'invention est de proposer une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une structure de dôme gaz équipée d'un dispositif d'échappement primaire permettant une évacuation du fluide présent dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et qui soit en mesure d'évacuer rapidement des quantités importantes de fluide présent dans Sa barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et cela sans dégrader les performances mécaniques de la paroi de la cuve au niveau de la structure de dôme gaz.  An idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a gas dome structure equipped with a primary exhaust device for evacuation of the fluid present in the primary thermally insulating barrier and which is able to rapidly evacuate large quantities of fluid present in its primary thermally insulating barrier and without degrading the mechanical performance of the wall of the tank at the level of the gas dome structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante, destinée à stocker un gaz liquéfié, comportant une paroi supérieure présentant successivement dans une direction d'épaisseur, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire reposant contre une structure porteuse, une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire ; une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire reposant contre la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire et une membrane d'étanchéité primaire destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve ; la cuve comportant en outre une structure de dôme gaz comportant :  According to one embodiment, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank, intended to store a liquefied gas, comprising an upper wall having successively in a thickness direction, a secondary thermal insulating barrier resting against a bearing structure, a membrane secondary seal against the secondary thermally insulating barrier; a primary thermally insulating barrier resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the vessel; the vessel further comprising a gas dome structure comprising:
- une conduite collectrice de vapeur destinée à extraire des vapeurs produites par l'évaporation du gaz liquéfié dans la cuve, ladite conduite collectrice de vapeur passant au travers d'une ouverture ménagée dans la structure porteuse et traversant la paroi supérieure de la cuve, la conduite collectrice de vapeur comportant une paroi périphérique raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité primaire ;  a steam collecting duct for extracting vapors produced by the evaporation of the liquefied gas in the tank, said vapor collection duct passing through an opening in the supporting structure and passing through the upper wall of the tank; steam collecting duct having a peripheral wall sealingly connected to the primary sealing membrane;
- une gaine qui est disposée autour de la conduite collectrice de vapeur, ladite gaine comportant une extrémité inférieure qui est raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire ; ladite gaine étant reliée de manière étanche à la conduite collectrice de vapeur au moyen d'un plateau annulaire supérieur qui s'étend transversalement entre la gaine et la conduite collectrice de vapeur de manière à ménager un espace primaire étanche entre la gaine et Sa conduite collectrice de vapeur ; ledit espace primaire étanche communiquant avec la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire ; la gaine présentant, entre le plateau annulaire supérieur et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, une forme agencée de telle sorte que la gaine se rétrécit en direction de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire; et a sheath which is disposed around the vapor collection pipe, said sheath having a lower end which is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane; said sheath being sealingly connected to the vapor collecting pipe by means of an upper annular plate which extends transversely between the sheath and the vapor collecting pipe so as to provide a sealed primary space between the sheath and its collecting pipe; steam; said sealed primary space communicating with the barrier thermally insulating primary; the sheath having, between the upper annular plate and the secondary sealing membrane, a shape arranged in such a way that the sheath narrows towards the secondary sealing membrane; and
- un dispositif d'échappement primaire destiné à évacuer un fluide de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire, le dispositif d'échappement primaire comportant un conduit raccordé de manière étanche au plateau annulaire supérieur et communiquant avec la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire au travers de l'espace primaire étanche.  a primary exhaust device for discharging a fluid from the primary thermally insulating barrier, the primary exhaust device comprising a duct sealingly connected to the upper annular plate and communicating with the primary thermally insulating barrier through the space waterproof primary.
Ainsi, grâce à la forme particulière de la gaine, la section du conduit du dispositif d'échappement primaire qui est raccordé de manière étanche au plateau annulaire supérieur et l'encombrement de la gaine au niveau de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire sont décorrélés. Ainsi, la section du conduit du dispositif d'échappement primaire peut être optimisée afin d'atteindre un débit d'évacuation suffisant, cela sans que cette optimisation de section n'entraîne une augmentation de la section de la gaine au niveau de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire et, par conséquent, sans dégradation des propriétés mécaniques de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire.  Thus, thanks to the particular shape of the sheath, the section of the conduit of the primary exhaust device which is sealingly connected to the upper annular plate and the bulk of the sheath at the level of the secondary sealing membrane are decorrelated. Thus, the section of the duct of the primary exhaust device can be optimized in order to achieve a sufficient discharge flow, without this section optimization resulting in an increase in the section of the sheath at the level of the diaphragm. secondary sealing and, therefore, without degradation of the mechanical properties of the secondary waterproofing membrane.
Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un fluide peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.  According to embodiments, such a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank may include one or more of the following features.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la gaine présente une forme agencée de telle sorte qu'un diamètre externe de la gaine se rétrécit en direction de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, entre le plateau annulaire supérieur (20) et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire.  According to one embodiment, the sheath has a shape arranged such that an outer diameter of the sheath narrows towards the secondary sealing membrane, between the upper annular plate (20) and the secondary sealing membrane .
Selon un mode de réalisation, la gaine présente au niveau du plateau annulaire supérieur une section interne, selon un plan orthogonal à la direction longitudinale de la structure de dôme gaz, qui présente une dimension supérieure à une section interne de la gaine au niveau de son raccord de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire.  According to one embodiment, the sheath has at the level of the upper annular plate an inner section, in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the gas dome structure, which has a dimension greater than an internal section of the sheath at its level. sealing connection to the secondary sealing membrane.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la gaine présente, entre le plateau annulaire supérieur et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, une portion tronconique se rétrécissant en direction de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire. Selon un mode de réalisation, l'espace primaire étanche communique avec la barrière thermiquement isolante au travers d'un passage ménagé entre la conduite de collecte de vapeur et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire et/ou au travers de Sa membrane d'étanchéité secondaire. According to one embodiment, the sheath has, between the upper annular plate and the secondary sealing membrane, a frustoconical portion narrowing in the direction of the secondary sealing membrane. According to one embodiment, the sealed primary space communicates with the thermally insulating barrier through a passage formed between the vapor collection pipe and the secondary waterproofing membrane and / or through its secondary waterproofing membrane. .
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure de dôme gaz comporte une garniture isolante disposée dans l'espace primaire étanche ménagé entre la gaine et la conduite collectrice de vapeur ; un passage ménagé dans la garniture isolante reliant le conduit à la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire.  According to one embodiment, the gas dome structure comprises an insulating lining disposed in the sealed primary space formed between the sheath and the vapor collection duct; a passage in the insulating lining connecting the conduit to the primary thermally insulating barrier.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire présente une ouverture traversée par la conduite de collecte de vapeur, ladite ouverture présentant un diamètre supérieur à celui de la paroi périphérique de la conduite de collecte de vapeur de manière à ménager entre la paroi périphérique de la conduite collectrice de vapeur et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire un passage annulaire faisant communiquer l'espace primaire étanche et la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire.  According to one embodiment, the secondary sealing membrane has an opening through which the vapor collection pipe passes, said opening having a diameter greater than that of the peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe so as to provide a space between the wall peripheral of the vapor collecting duct and the secondary sealing membrane an annular passageway communicating the sealed primary space and the primary thermally insulating barrier.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la gaine présente une extrémité inférieure qui est soudée à un plateau annulaire inférieur, ledit plateau annulaire inférieur étant soudé à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire et présentant une ouverture qui est traversée par la conduite de collecte de vapeur et qui présente un diamètre supérieur à celui de la paroi périphérique de la conduite de collecte de vapeur de manière à faire communiquer l'espace primaire étanche et la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire.  According to one embodiment, the sheath has a lower end which is welded to a lower annular plate, said lower annular plate being welded to the secondary sealing membrane and having an opening which is traversed by the vapor collection line and which has a diameter greater than that of the peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe so as to communicate the sealed primary space and the primary thermally insulating barrier.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le passage est ménagé dans la garniture isolante de telle sorte que, du conduit du dispositif d'échappement primaire en direction du passage annulaire, ledit passage se rapproche de la conduite collectrice de vapeur. Ceci permet de disposer le conduit du dispositif d'échappement primaire à une distance suffisamment importante de la conduite collectrice de vapeur pour autoriser le passage des outils de soudage.  According to one embodiment, the passage is formed in the insulating lining so that, from the conduit of the primary exhaust device in the direction of the annular passage, said passage is close to the vapor collecting duct. This makes it possible to arrange the duct of the primary exhaust device at a sufficiently large distance from the steam collection duct to allow the passage of the welding tools.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le passage est ménagé dans la garniture isolante de telle sorte que sa section reste en tout point supérieure ou égaie à la section du conduit du dispositif d'échappement primaire. Selon un mode de réalisation, le passage est formé par une succession de cavités cylindriques découpées dans la garniture isolante et communiquant les unes avec les autres. According to one embodiment, the passage is formed in the insulating lining so that its section remains at any point greater than or equal to the section of the conduit of the primary exhaust device. According to one embodiment, the passage is formed by a succession of cylindrical cavities cut in the insulating lining and communicating with each other.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le plateau annulaire supérieur est positionné au-dessus de la structure porteuse.  According to one embodiment, the upper annular plate is positioned above the supporting structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le conduit du dispositif d'échappement primaire est soudé sur la périphérie d'une ouverture ménagée dans le plateau annulaire supérieur.  According to one embodiment, the conduit of the primary exhaust device is welded on the periphery of an opening in the upper annular plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, Se conduit du dispositif d'échappement primaire est relié à une soupape apte à s'ouvrir lorsque Sa pression dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire est supérieure à une pression seuil.  According to one embodiment, the primary exhaust device is connected to a valve able to open when its pressure in the primary thermally insulating barrier is greater than a threshold pressure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées soudées les unes aux autres de manière étanche et comprenant chacune au moins deux ondulations perpendiculaires. La structure de dôme gaz précitée est particulièrement avantageuse lorsque la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire est une membrane ondulée car en limitant les dimensions de la structure de dôme gaz au niveau de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, le nombre d'ondulations interrompu par la structure de dôme gaz peut être limité, ce qui permet de limiter les pertes d'élasticité de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire au niveau du passage de la structure de dôme gaz. Ceci permet de conserver une homogénéité dans le travail des ondulations, et permet notamment de limiter les contraintes dans Se raccord étanche entre la gaine et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire.  According to one embodiment, the secondary sealing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets welded to each other in a sealed manner and each comprising at least two perpendicular corrugations. The aforementioned gas dome structure is particularly advantageous when the secondary waterproofing membrane is a corrugated membrane because by limiting the dimensions of the gas dome structure at the level of the secondary waterproofing membrane, the number of undulations interrupted by the structure the gas dome can be limited, which makes it possible to limit the elasticity losses of the secondary sealing membrane at the passage of the gas dome structure. This makes it possible to maintain uniformity in the work of the corrugations, and in particular makes it possible to limit the stresses in the sealing connection between the sheath and the secondary sealing membrane.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure de dôme gaz présente un axe central ; deux lignes directrices de deux ondulations centrales perpendiculaires l'une à l'autre de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire se croisant au niveau de l'axe central de la structure de dôme gaz. According to one embodiment, the gas dome structure has a central axis; two guidelines of two central corrugations perpendicular to each other of the secondary sealing membrane crossing at the central axis of the gas dome structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chacune des deux ondulations centrales est disposée entre deux ondulations adjacentes, les deux ondulations adjacentes de chacune des deux ondulations centrales définissant un périmètre à l'intérieur duquel la gaine est raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire. Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure de dôme gaz comporte un fût extérieur qui est disposé autour de la conduite collectrice de vapeur et de la gaine et qui est soudé de manière étanche à la structure porteuse. According to one embodiment, each of the two central corrugations is disposed between two adjacent corrugations, the two adjacent corrugations of each of the two central corrugations defining a perimeter inside which the sheath is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane. . According to one embodiment, the gas dome structure has an outer barrel that is disposed around the vapor collecting duct and the duct and is sealed to the supporting structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un passage annulaire est ménagé entre la structure porteuse et la gaine de manière à permettre au fluide présent dans la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire de circuler vers un espace étanche secondaire ménagé entre le fût extérieur et la conduite collectrice de vapeur.  According to one embodiment, an annular passage is provided between the support structure and the sheath so as to allow the fluid present in the secondary heat-insulating barrier to flow to a secondary sealing space formed between the outer shaft and the vapor collecting pipe.
Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres.  Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un fluide comporte une double coque et une cuve précitée disposée dans la double coque, la double coque comportant une coque interne formant la structure porteuse de la cuve.  According to one embodiment, a vessel for transporting a fluid comprises a double shell and a said tank disposed in the double shell, the double shell having an inner shell forming the carrying structure of the vessel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
Brève description des figures  Brief description of the figures
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés. - La figure 1 est une vue en coupe partielle d'une cuve étanche et thermique isolante et d'une structure de dôme gaz. The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the following description of specific embodiments of the invention, given for illustrative and not limiting with reference to the accompanying drawings. - Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of an insulating waterproof and thermal tank and a gas dome structure.
- La figure 2 est une vue en coupe illustrant de manière détaillée la portion inférieure du dôme gaz de la figure 1.  - Figure 2 is a sectional view illustrating in detail the lower portion of the gas dome of Figure 1.
- La figure 3 illustre la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire dans la zone du dôme gaz.  - Figure 3 illustrates the secondary sealing membrane in the gas dome area.
- La figure 4 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'une cuve de navire méthanier et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve.  - Figure 4 is a schematic cutaway representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation  Detailed description of embodiments
En relation avec la figure 1 , une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un gaz liquéfié, tel que du Gaz Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) ou du Gaz de Pétrole Liquéfié (GPL) est partiellement représentée. La cuve est équipée d'une structure de dôme gaz 1 qui est destinée à définir une voie de circulation de vapeur entre l'espace intérieur 2 de la cuve et un collecteur de vapeur, non représenté, situé à l'extérieur de la cuve.  In connection with FIG. 1, a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a liquefied gas, such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), is partially represented. The tank is equipped with a gas dome structure 1 which is intended to define a steam circulation path between the interior space 2 of the tank and a steam trap, not shown, located outside the tank.
La cuve est disposée à l'intérieur de la double coque d'un navire comportant une coque externe 3 et une coque interne 4. La coque interne 4 constitue la structure porteuse de la cuve. La cuve présente une forme générale polyédrique.  The tank is disposed inside the double hull of a vessel comprising an outer shell 3 and an inner shell 4. The inner shell 4 constitutes the carrying structure of the vessel. The tank has a general polyhedral shape.
Chaque paroi de la cuve présente une structure multicouche qui comporte, dans la direction d'épaisseur de la cuve, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5 reposant contre la coque interne 4, une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6 ancrée sur la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 reposant contre la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6 et une membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8 qui est ancrée sur la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 et qui est destinée à être en contact avec le fluide stocké dans la cuve.  Each wall of the tank has a multilayer structure which comprises, in the thickness direction of the tank, from the outside to the inside, a secondary heat-insulating barrier 5 resting against the inner shell 4, a secondary sealing membrane 6 anchored on the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5, a primary thermally insulating barrier 7 resting against the secondary sealing membrane 6 and a primary sealing membrane 8 which is anchored to the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 and which is intended to be contact with the fluid stored in the tank.
La barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5 comporte une pluralité de panneaux isolants secondaires ancrés à la coque interne 4 au moyen de cordons de résine, non illustrés, et/ou de goujons, non illustrés, soudés sur la coque interne 4. Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque panneau isolant secondaire présente une couche de mousse polymère, par exemple en mousse de polyuréthanne, prise en sandwich entre deux plaques rigides externe et interne, par exemple en bois contreplaqué. Chaque plaque rigide externe est équipée de platines métalliques pour l'ancrage de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6. The secondary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises a plurality of secondary insulating panels anchored to the inner shell 4 by means of resin cords, not shown, and / or studs, not shown, welded to the inner shell 4. According to one embodiment each secondary insulating panel has a layer of polymeric foam, for example made of polyurethane foam, taken into sandwich between two rigid outer and inner plates, for example plywood. Each external rigid plate is equipped with metal plates for anchoring the secondary waterproofing membrane 6.
La membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 8 comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées. Les tôles métalliques ondulées sont disposées de manière décalée par rapport aux panneaux isolants secondaires de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 5 de telle sorte que chacune desdites tôles métalliques ondulées s'étende conjointement sur quatre panneaux isolants secondaires adjacents. Les tôles métalliques ondulées de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6 sont soudées entre elles à recouvrement et sont en outre soudées le long de leurs bords sur les platines métalliques de Sa barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5. Selon un mode de réalisation, les ondulations de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 5 font saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve, c'est-à-dire en direction de la coque interne 4. Les ondulations de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire sont alors logées dans des rainures ménagées dans la plaque interne des panneaux isolants secondaires.  The secondary waterproofing membrane 8 comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets. The corrugated metal sheets are arranged offset from the secondary insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 5 such that each of said corrugated metal sheets extends jointly over four adjacent secondary insulating panels. The corrugated metal sheets of the secondary sealing membrane 6 are welded together and are furthermore welded along their edges on the metal plates of its secondary heat-insulating barrier 5. According to one embodiment, the corrugations of the Secondary sealing membrane 5 protrude towards the outside of the tank, that is to say in the direction of the inner shell 4. The corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane are then housed in grooves formed in the plate internal secondary insulation panels.
La barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 comporte une pluralité de panneaux isolants primaires. Les panneaux isolants primaires sont ancrés sur des goujons faisant saillie vers l'intérieur de la cuve, au travers de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6, depuis les panneaux isolants secondaires. Les panneaux isolants primaires présentent une structure similaire à celle ses panneaux isolants secondaires, et comportent une couche de mousse polymère, par exemple en mousse de polyuréthanne, prise en sandwich entre deux plaques rigides externe et interne, par exemple en bois contreplaqué. En outre, chaque plaque rigide externe des panneaux isolants secondaires est équipée de platines métalliques pour l'ancrage de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8.  The primary thermally insulating barrier 7 comprises a plurality of primary insulating panels. The primary insulating panels are anchored to studs projecting into the vessel through the secondary waterproofing membrane 6 from the secondary insulating panels. The primary insulating panels have a structure similar to that of its secondary insulating panels, and comprise a layer of polymeric foam, for example polyurethane foam, sandwiched between two rigid outer and inner plates, for example plywood. In addition, each external rigid plate of the secondary insulating panels is equipped with metal plates for anchoring the primary waterproofing membrane 8.
La membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8 est obtenue par l'assemblage d'une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées. Les tôles métalliques ondulées de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8 sont soudées entre elles à recouvrement et sont en outre soudées le long de leurs bords sur les platines métalliques de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7. Les ondulations de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8 font saillie vers l'intérieur de la cuve. A titre d'exemple, une telle cuve ainsi que son agencement au niveau d'une structure de dôme gaz, sont notamment décrits dans ia demande WO2016166481. The primary waterproofing membrane 8 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets. The corrugated metal sheets of the primary waterproofing membrane 8 are welded together and are furthermore welded along their edges to the metal plates of the primary thermally insulating barrier 7. The corrugations of the primary waterproofing membrane 8 protrude into the tank. For example, such a tank and its arrangement at a gas dome structure, are described in particular in WO2016166481 application.
La structure de dôme gaz 1 comporte un fût extérieur 9, de forme cylindrique qui s'étend selon une direction longitudinale qui est orientée orthogonalement à la paroi supérieure de la cuve. Le fût extérieur 9 passe au travers d'une ouverture 10 ménagée dans la paroi supérieure de la coque externe 3. Le fût extérieur 9 est soudé à une collerette 41 qui s'étend radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du fût extérieur 9 et qui est soudée sur la coque externe 3 de manière à assurer une fixation du fût extérieur 9 sur la coque externe 3.  The gas dome structure 1 comprises an outer barrel 9, of cylindrical shape which extends in a longitudinal direction which is oriented orthogonally to the upper wall of the tank. The outer barrel 9 passes through an opening 10 formed in the upper wall of the outer shell 3. The outer barrel 9 is welded to a flange 41 which extends radially outwards with respect to the longitudinal axis of the outer casing 9. outer barrel 9 and which is welded to the outer shell 3 so as to secure the outer barrel 9 on the outer shell 3.
Par ailleurs, l'extrémité inférieure du fût extérieur 9 est soudée de manière étanche à la coque interne 4 en périphérie d'une ouverture circulaire 11 ménagée dans la coque interne 4.  Furthermore, the lower end of the outer shaft 9 is sealed to the inner shell 4 at the periphery of a circular opening 11 formed in the inner shell 4.
L'extrémité supérieure du fût extérieur 9 est fermée de manière étanche par un couvercle 12 amovible. Le couvercle 12 est fixé sur une bride d'assemblage 13 de forme annulaire qui s'étend transversalement à la direction longitudinale du fût extérieur 9 et radialement vers l'extérieur de celui-ci. Le couvercle 12 est fixé à la bride d'assemblage au moyen d'une pluralité d'organes de fixation. Un joint d'étanchéité, non illustré, est comprimé entre le couvercle 12 et la bride d'assemblage 13 et permet ainsi d'assurer une étanchéité entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur du fût extérieur 9.  The upper end of the outer shaft 9 is sealed by a removable cover 12. The lid 12 is fixed on an annular flange 13 which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the outer barrel 9 and radially outwardly thereof. The lid 12 is attached to the assembly flange by means of a plurality of fasteners. A seal, not shown, is compressed between the cover 12 and the assembly flange 13 and thus ensures a seal between the outside and the inside of the outer barrel 9.
Le couvercle 12 présente un orifice central 14 qui est destiné à être raccordé à un collecteur de vapeur, non illustré, qui est apte à faire circuler la vapeur en direction d'un mât de dégazage, d'un brûleur, d'un dispositif de propulsion du navire et/ou d'un dispositif de liquéfaction dans lequel le gaz en phase vapeur est re-liquéfié puis réintroduit en phase liquide dans la cuve.  The lid 12 has a central orifice 14 which is intended to be connected to a steam manifold, not shown, which is able to circulate the steam towards a degassing mast, a burner, a cooling device propulsion of the vessel and / or a liquefaction device in which the vapor phase gas is re-liquefied and then reintroduced in the liquid phase into the vessel.
Par ailleurs, la structure de dôme gaz 1 comporte une conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 qui est ancrée à l'intérieur du fût extérieur 9. La conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 est concentrique au fût extérieur 9 et traverse la double coque en passant successivement au travers de l'ouverture 10 ménagée dans la coque externe 3 et de l'ouverture 11 ménagée dans la coque interne 4. La conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 traverse également la paroi supérieure de la cuve. La conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 comporte une paroi périphérique cylindrique qui est soudée de manière étanche à ia membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8 de manière à assurer l'étanchéité de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 vis-à-vis de l'espace intérieur 2 de la cuve. La conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 présente une extrémité inférieure qui débouche dans l'espace intérieur 2 de la cuve. La conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 ménage ainsi une voie de circulation de vapeur entre l'espace intérieur 2 de la cuve et le collecteur de vapeur, non représenté, qui est disposé à l'extérieur de la cuve et est raccordé à l'orifice central 14 ménagé dans le couvercle 12. Furthermore, the gas dome structure 1 comprises a vapor collecting duct 15 which is anchored inside the outer barrel 9. The vapor collecting pipe 15 is concentric with the outer barrel 9 and passes through the double shell passing successively through the opening 10 formed in the outer shell 3 and the opening 11 formed in the inner shell 4. The vapor collecting duct 15 also passes through the upper wall of the vessel. The vapor collecting duct 15 has a cylindrical peripheral wall which is welded with sealing manner to the primary sealing membrane 8 so as to seal the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 vis-à-vis the inner space 2 of the tank. The vapor collecting duct 15 has a lower end which opens into the interior space 2 of the tank. The vapor collecting duct 15 thus provides a steam circulation path between the inside space 2 of the tank and the steam collector, not shown, which is arranged outside the tank and is connected to the central orifice. 14 formed in the cover 12.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, afin d'éviter que du gaz en phase liquide ne remonte dans la conduite collectrice de vapeur, l'extrémité inférieure de la conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 est équipée d'un déflecteur 16 qui est positionné orthogonalement à la direction longitudinale de la conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 et la paroi périphérique cylindrique de la conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 comporte des ouvertures 17 permettant à la phase vapeur qui est présente dans l'espace intérieur 2 de la cuve d'accéder à ia conduite collectrice de vapeur 15.  In the embodiment shown, in order to prevent liquid phase gas from rising in the vapor collection pipe, the lower end of the vapor collection pipe 15 is equipped with a deflector 16 which is positioned orthogonally to the longitudinal direction of the vapor collection pipe 15 and the cylindrical peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe 15 has openings 17 allowing the vapor phase which is present in the interior space 2 of the tank to access the steam 15.
Par ailleurs, ia conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 est également équipée d'un filtre 17, ici disposée au niveau de son extrémité supérieure, produisant une perte de charge et permettant ainsi d'éviter que du gaz en phase liquide ne passe au travers de la conduite collectrice de vapeur 5 vers le collecteur de vapeur.  Furthermore, the vapor-collecting duct 15 is also equipped with a filter 17, here disposed at its upper end, producing a pressure drop and thus making it possible to prevent gas in the liquid phase from passing through the steam collecting duct 5 to the steam collector.
La structure de dôme gaz 1 comporte en outre une couche d'isolation annulaire 18 qui est répartie uniformément sur la portée extérieure de la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15.  The gas dome structure 1 further comprises an annular insulation layer 18 which is uniformly distributed over the outer span of the vapor collection pipe 15.
Par ailleurs, la structure du dôme gaz 1 comporte une gaine 19, représentée de manière détaillée sur la figure 2, qui est concentrique à la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15 et qui est disposée radialement entre ia conduite de collecte de vapeur 15 et le fût extérieur 9.  Furthermore, the structure of the gas dome 1 comprises a sheath 19, shown in detail in FIG. 2, which is concentric with the vapor collection duct 15 and which is arranged radially between the vapor collection duct 15 and the cask outside 9.
L'extrémité supérieure de la gaine 19 est soudée de manière étanche à un plateau annulaire supérieur 20. Le plateau annulaire supérieur 20 entoure la conduite de collecte de vapeur 5 et est soudé de manière étanche à ladite conduite de collecte de vapeur 15. Le plateau annulaire supérieur 20 est disposé au-dessus de la coque interne 4 et s'étend donc dans l'espace entre la coque interne 4 et ia coque externe 3 de la double coque. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le plateau annulaire supérieur 20 supporte la couche d'isolation annulaire 18, ladite couche d'isolation annulaire 18 étant optionnellement collée sur le plateau annulaire supérieur 20. The upper end of the sheath 19 is sealingly welded to an upper annular plate 20. The upper annular plate 20 surrounds the vapor collection line 5 and is sealed to said vapor collection line 15. The plate upper annular 20 is disposed above the inner shell 4 and therefore extends in the space between the inner shell 4 and the outer shell 3 of the double shell. In the embodiment shown, the upper annular plate 20 supports the annular insulation layer 18, said annular insulation layer 18 being optionally adhered to the upper annular plate 20.
Par ailleurs, la gaine 19 est raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6. Ainsi, un espace primaire étanche 22 est ménagé entre la gaine 19 et la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15. Pour ce faire, un plateau annulaire inférieur 21 s'étendant dans un plan orthogonal à la direction longitudinale de la structure de dôme gaz 1 est soudé de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6. Par ailleurs, le plateau annulaire inférieur 21 est soudé à une portion tubulaire 23 qui fait saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve et dans laquelle s'emboîte l'extrémité inférieure de la gaine 19, l'extrémité inférieure de la gaine 19 étant soudée de manière étanche à la portion tubulaire 23.  Furthermore, the sheath 19 is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane 6. Thus, a sealed primary space 22 is formed between the sheath 19 and the vapor collection pipe 15. To do this, a lower annular plate 21 extending in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the gas dome structure 1 is sealingly welded to the secondary sealing membrane 6. Moreover, the lower annular plate 21 is welded to a tubular portion 23 which makes protrusion outwardly of the vessel and in which the lower end of the sheath 19 engages, the lower end of the sheath 19 being sealingly welded to the tubular portion 23.
Le plateau annulaire inférieur 21 présente une ouverture 24 circulaire traversée par la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15 et présentant un diamètre supérieur à celui de la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15. En outre, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6 n'est pas soudée sur la paroi périphérique de la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15 et présente également une ouverture 35 circulaire dont le diamètre est supérieur à celui de la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15. Ainsi, un passage annulaire 25 est ménagé autour de la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15 et permet au fluide présent dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 de circuler vers l'espace primaire étanche 22 qui est ménagé entre la gaine 19 et la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15.  The lower annular plate 21 has a circular opening 24 through which the steam collection pipe 15 and having a diameter greater than that of the vapor collection pipe 15. In addition, the secondary sealing membrane 6 is not welded. on the peripheral wall of the vapor collection duct 15 and also has a circular aperture whose diameter is greater than that of the vapor collection duct 15. Thus, an annular passage 25 is formed around the collection duct 15. and allows the fluid in the primary heat-insulating barrier 7 to flow to the sealed primary space 22 which is formed between the sheath 19 and the vapor collection line 15.
La gaine 19 comporte, entre le plateau annulaire inférieur 21 et le plateau annulaire supérieur 22, une portion tronconique 43, dont le diamètre diminue de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de la cuve. En d'autres termes, Sa gaine 19 présente au niveau du plateau annulaire supérieur 22 un diamètre interne qui est supérieur à son diamètre interne au niveau du plateau annulaire inférieur 21.  The sheath 19 comprises, between the lower annular plate 21 and the upper annular plate 22, a frustoconical portion 43, whose diameter decreases from the outside to the inside of the tank. In other words, its sheath 19 has at the upper annular plate 22 an internal diameter which is greater than its internal diameter at the lower annular plate 21.
Une garniture isolante 26, par exemple réalisée en mousse polymère telle que de la mousse de polyuréthanne, est disposée dans l'espace primaire étanche 22, c'est-à-dire entre la gaine 19 et la conduite collectrice de vapeur 15.  An insulating lining 26, for example made of a polymer foam such as polyurethane foam, is disposed in the sealed primary space 22, that is to say between the sheath 19 and the vapor collection duct 15.
Par ailleurs, la structure de dôme gaz 1 comporte un dispositif d'échappement primaire destiné à protéger la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8 contre les surpressions susceptibles de se manifester dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7. Un tel dispositif d'échappement primaire est notamment utile pour évacuer la vapeur susceptible d'être générée à l'intérieur de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 en cas de fuite de gaz liquéfié au travers de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 8. Furthermore, the gas dome structure 1 comprises a primary exhaust device for protecting the primary waterproofing membrane 8 against the overpressures likely to appear in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7. Such a primary exhaust device is particularly useful for evacuating the vapor that can be generated inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 in the event of leakage of liquefied gas through the primary waterproofing membrane 8.
Le dispositif d'échappement primaire comporte un conduit 27 qui traverse le fût extérieur 9, puis longe la conduite de collecte de vapeur 9, à l'inférieur de Sa couche d'isolation annulaire 18 jusqu'à atteindre le plateau annulaire supérieur 20. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le conduit 27 comporte une zone spiralée autorisant les dilatations et contractions thermiques dudit conduit 27,  The primary exhaust device comprises a duct 27 which passes through the outer drum 9 and then runs along the vapor collection duct 9, at the bottom of its annular insulation layer 18 until it reaches the upper annular plate 20. the embodiment shown, the duct 27 comprises a spiral zone allowing thermal expansion and contraction of said duct 27,
Le conduit 27 présente un diamètre supérieur à 5 cm et de préférence supérieur ou égal à 7,5 cm de manière à autoriser un débit d'évacuation suffisant.  The conduit 27 has a diameter greater than 5 cm and preferably greater than or equal to 7.5 cm so as to allow a sufficient discharge rate.
Le conduit 27 est raccordé de manière étanche au plateau annulaire supérieur 20, par exemple par soudage. Pour ce faire, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le plateau annulaire supérieur 20 présente une ouverture dans laquelle est insérée l'extrémité du conduit 27 et une soudure est réalisée entre le conduit 27 et la périphérie de l'ouverture. Grâce à la forme évasée de la gaine 19, le plateau annulaire supérieur 20 présente un dimension accrue selon une direction transversale à la direction longitudinale de la structure de dôme gaz 1 , ce qui permet d'augmenter la section du conduit 27 tout en disposant d'un écartement suffisant entre la conduite collectrice de vapeur 15 et le conduit 27 pour autoriser le passage des outils de soudage.  The conduit 27 is sealingly connected to the upper annular plate 20, for example by welding. To do this, in the embodiment shown, the upper annular plate 20 has an opening in which is inserted the end of the conduit 27 and a weld is made between the conduit 27 and the periphery of the opening. Thanks to the flared shape of the sheath 19, the upper annular plate 20 has an increased dimension in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the gas dome structure 1, which makes it possible to increase the section of the duct 27 while having sufficient clearance between the vapor collecting duct 15 and the duct 27 to allow the passage of the welding tools.
Par ailleurs, un passage 29 est ménagé dans la garniture isolante 26, en regard du conduit 27, de manière à faire communiquer le conduit 27 et le passage annulaire 25 ménagé autour de la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15, ce qui permet au fluide présent dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 d'être évacué vers le conduit 27. Le passage 29 est ménagé dans la garniture isolante 26 de telle sorte que sa section de passage reste supérieure ou égale à la section du conduit 27, ce qui permet d'éviter la création d'un goulet de nature à limiter le débit de gaz susceptible d'être évacué de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7. En outre, le passage 29 est ménagé dans la garniture isolante 26 de manière à ce que, du conduit 27 vers le passage annulaire 25, ledit passage 29 se rapproche de l'axe central de la structure de dôme gaz 1 et, par conséquent du passage annulaire 25. Pour ce faire, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le passage 29 est formé par une succession de cavités cylindriques découpées dans Sa garniture isolante 26 et communiquant les unes avec les autres. Furthermore, a passage 29 is formed in the insulating lining 26, facing the conduit 27, so as to communicate the conduit 27 and the annular passage 25 formed around the vapor collection pipe 15, which allows the fluid present in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 to be discharged to the conduit 27. The passage 29 is formed in the insulating lining 26 so that its passage section remains greater than or equal to the section of the conduit 27, which allows avoid the creation of a gulet likely to limit the flow of gas that can be removed from the primary thermally insulating barrier 7. In addition, the passage 29 is formed in the insulating lining 26 so that the conduit 27 towards the annular passage 25, said passage 29 approaches the central axis of the gas dome structure 1 and, consequently, of the annular passage 25. To do this, in the embodiment shown, the passage 29 is formed by a succession of cylindrical cavities cut into its insulating lining 26 and communicating with each other.
Le conduit 27 est relié à une soupape, non illustrée, qui, par défaut, est fermée et qui s'ouvre lorsque la pression dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7 dépasse une pression seuil prédéterminée.  The conduit 27 is connected to a valve, not shown, which, by default, is closed and opens when the pressure in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7 exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure.
Par ailleurs, selon mode de réalisation, l'installation comporte également un dispositif d'inertage primaire permettant de faire circuler un gaz inerte, tel que de l'azote, dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7. Pour ce faire, la structure de dôme gaz 1 est équipée d'un conduit 30 qui traverse le fût extérieur 9, puis longe la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15, à l'intérieur de la couche d'isolation annulaire 18 jusqu'à atteindre le plateau annulaire supérieur 20. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le conduit 30 comporte également une zone spiralée autorisant les dilatations et contractions thermiques dudit conduit 30.  Furthermore, according to the embodiment, the installation also comprises a primary inerting device for circulating an inert gas, such as nitrogen, in the primary thermally insulating barrier 7. To do this, the dome structure gas 1 is equipped with a duct 30 which passes through the outer drum 9, then along the vapor collection duct 15, inside the annular insulation layer 18 until reaching the upper annular plate 20. In the embodiment shown, the duct 30 also comprises a spiral zone allowing thermal expansion and contraction of said duct 30.
Le conduit 30 est raccordé de manière étanche au plateau annulaire supérieur 20, par exemple par soudage. L'extrémité du conduit 30 passe au travers d'une ouverture ménagée dans le plateau annulaire supérieur 20 et est soudée sur la périphérie de ladite ouverture. Par ailleurs, la garniture isolante 26 est pourvue d'un passage 31 ménagé en regard du conduit 30 et faisant communiquer le conduit 30 et le passage annulaire 25 ménagé autour de la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15. Le conduit 30 est raccordé à un réservoir de gaz inerte, non représenté, et l'installation comporte un autre conduit, non représenté, qui est relié audit réservoir de gaz inerte et débouche à l'intérieur de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7, par exemple au niveau d'une structure de dôme liquide de manière à réaliser un circuit de circulation de gaz inerte apte à faire circuler du gaz inerte à l'intérieur de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 7.  The conduit 30 is sealingly connected to the upper annular plate 20, for example by welding. The end of the conduit 30 passes through an opening in the upper annular plate 20 and is welded to the periphery of said opening. Furthermore, the insulating lining 26 is provided with a passage 31 formed facing the duct 30 and communicating the duct 30 and the annular passage 25 formed around the vapor collection duct 15. The duct 30 is connected to a tank of inert gas, not shown, and the installation comprises another duct, not shown, which is connected to said inert gas tank and opens inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 7, for example at a structure of liquid dome so as to provide an inert gas circulation circuit adapted to circulate inert gas within the primary thermally insulating barrier 7.
Par ailleurs, comme représenté sur la figure 2, la gaine 19 n'est pas soudée 4 à la coque interne de la double coque de manière à ménager entre ladite gaine 19 et la coque interne 4 un passage annulaire 32 permettant au fluide présent dans la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5 de circuler vers un espace étanche secondaire 33, illustré sur la figure 1. L'espace étanche secondaire 33 est ménagé radialement entre la couche d'isolation annulaire 18 et le fût extérieur 9 et est limité, en partie haute de la structure de dôme gaz 1 , par une couronne annulaire 42 qui relie de manière étanche le fût extérieur 9 à la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the sheath 19 is not welded 4 to the inner shell of the double shell so as to provide between said sheath 19 and the inner shell 4 an annular passage 32 allowing the fluid present in the secondary heat-insulating barrier 5 to flow to a secondary sealed space 33, illustrated in Figure 1. The secondary sealed space 33 is formed radially between the annular insulation layer 18 and the outer shaft 9 and is limited in the upper part of the gas dome structure 1, by a crown ring 42 which sealingly connects the outer drum 9 to the vapor collection pipe 15.
Selon un mode de réalisation, deux autres conduits, non représentés, traversent de manière étanche le fût extérieur 9 pour déboucher dans l'espace étanche secondaire 33. L'un des conduits fait partie d'un dispositif d'échappement secondaire permettant de protéger la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 8 contre les surpressions susceptibles de se manifester dans la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5. Pour ce faire, ledit conduit est relié à une soupape qui, par défaut, est fermée et qui s'ouvre lorsque la pression à l'intérieur de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5 dépasse un seuil prédéterminé. L'autre conduit fait partie d'un dispositif d'inertage secondaire permettant de faire circuler un gaz inerte dans la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 5.  According to one embodiment, two other conduits, not shown, pass tightly through the outer drum 9 to open into the secondary sealed space 33. One of the ducts is part of a secondary exhaust device to protect the secondary sealing membrane 8 against the overpressures likely to occur in the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5. To do this, said conduit is connected to a valve which, by default, is closed and which opens when the pressure at the The interior of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5 exceeds a predetermined threshold. The other conduit is part of a secondary inerting device for circulating an inert gas in the secondary thermally insulating barrier 5.
La figure 4 représente la structure de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6 dans la zone de la structure de dôme gaz 1. La membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 8 comporte une plaque de fermeture secondaire 34, métallique, de forme carrée. L'ouverture circulaire 35 au travers de laquelle passe la conduite de collecte de vapeur 15, non illustrée sur la figure 4 est ménagée dans la plaque de fermeture secondaire 34. Les deux tôles métalliques ondulées 36, 37 disposées de part et d'autre de la plaque de fermeture secondaire 34 sont découpées pour ménager une fenêtre présentant des dimensions légèrement inférieures à celle de la plaque de fermeture secondaire 34. Les deux tôles métalliques ondulées 36, 37 sont soudées à recouvrement de manière étanche sur la plaque de fermeture secondaire 34.  FIG. 4 shows the structure of the secondary sealing membrane 6 in the region of the gas dome structure 1. The secondary sealing membrane 8 comprises a secondary metal closure plate 34, of square shape. The circular opening 35 through which the vapor collection pipe 15, not shown in FIG. 4, passes is formed in the secondary closure plate 34. The two corrugated metal plates 36, 37 disposed on either side of the the secondary closure plate 34 are cut to provide a window having dimensions slightly smaller than that of the secondary closure plate 34. The two corrugated metal sheets 36, 37 are sealingly welded to the secondary closure plate 34.
L'axe central de la structure de dôme gaz 1 est centré sur une position correspondant à l'intersection entres les lignes directrices des deux ondulations 38, 39 perpendiculaires. Ces deux ondulations 38, 39 sont donc interrompues au niveau de la plaque de fermeture secondaire 34. Pour ce faire, les ondulations 38, 39 sont fermées de manière étanche avec des pièces de bout 40. Les autres ondulations adjacentes ne sont quant à elles pas interrompues et passent de part et d'autre de la structure de dôme gaz.  The central axis of the gas dome structure 1 is centered on a position corresponding to the intersection between the guidelines of the two perpendicular corrugations 38, 39. These two corrugations 38, 39 are therefore interrupted at the level of the secondary closure plate 34. To do this, the corrugations 38, 39 are sealed with end pieces 40. The other adjacent corrugations are not themselves interrupted and pass on both sides of the gas dome structure.
Le plateau annulaire inférieur 21 est soudé à la plaque de fermeture 34 dans sa zone centrale délimitée par les ondulations. On comprend ainsi qu'en limitant le diamètre de la partie inférieure de la gaine 19, et par conséquent du plateau annulaire inférieur 21 , il est possible de n'interrompre que deux ondulations 38, 39 de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 6, ce qui permet de limiter les pertes d'élasticité de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 4 au niveau du passage de la structure de dôme gaz 1. The lower annular plate 21 is welded to the closure plate 34 in its central zone delimited by the corrugations. It is thus understood that by limiting the diameter of the lower part of the sheath 19, and consequently the lower annular plate 21, it is possible to interrupt only two corrugations 38, 39 of the secondary sealing membrane 6, which makes it possible to limit the elasticity losses of the secondary sealing membrane 4 at the level of the passage of the gas dome structure 1.
La technique décrite ci-dessus pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante peut être utilisée dans différents types de réservoirs, par exemple dans un réservoir de GNL dans une installation terrestre ou dans un ouvrage flottant comme un navire méthanier ou autre.  The technique described above for a sealed and thermally insulating tank can be used in different types of tanks, for example in an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
En référence à la figure 4, une vue écorchée d'un navire méthanier 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 71 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une barrière étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une barrière étanche secondaire agencée entre la barrière étanche primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la barrière étanche primaire et la barrière étanche secondaire et entre la barrière étanche secondaire et la double coque 72.  Referring to Figure 4, a broken view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71.  In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
La figure 4 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement. FIG. 4 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers . A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading station and the loading station. unloading 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG ship 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75,  In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.  Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.
L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « indure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication.  The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "indurate" and of its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.  In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante, destinée à stocker un gaz liquéfié, comportant une paroi supérieure présentant successivement dans une direction d'épaisseur, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (5) reposant contre une structure porteuse (4), une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (5) ; une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7) reposant contre la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) et une membrane d'étanchéité primaire (8) destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve ; la cuve comportant en outre une structure de dôme gaz (1) comportant : 1. Sealed and thermally insulating vessel for storing a liquefied gas, having an upper wall having successively in a thickness direction, a secondary heat-insulating barrier (5) resting against a carrier structure (4), a sealing membrane secondary (6) resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier (5); a primary thermally insulating barrier (7) resting against the secondary sealing membrane (6) and a primary sealing membrane (8) intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank; the vessel further comprising a gas dome structure (1) comprising:
- une conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) destinée à extraire des vapeurs produites par l'évaporation du gaz liquéfié dans la cuve, ladite conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) passant au travers d'une ouverture (1 1 ) ménagée dans la structure porteuse (4) et traversant la paroi supérieure de la cuve, la conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) comportant une paroi périphérique raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité primaire (8) ;  a vapor collecting duct (15) for extracting vapors produced by evaporation of the liquefied gas in the tank, said vapor collecting duct (15) passing through an opening (1 1) formed in the supporting structure (4) and passing through the upper wall of the vessel, the vapor collecting pipe (15) having a peripheral wall sealingly connected to the primary sealing membrane (8);
- une gaine (19) qui est disposée autour de la conduite collectrice de vapeur (15), ladite gaine (19) comportant une extrémité inférieure qui est raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) ; ladite gaine (19) étant reliée de manière étanche à la conduite collectrice de vapeur au moyen d'un plateau annulaire supérieur (20) qui s'étend transversalement entre la gaine (19) et la conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) de manière à ménager un espace primaire étanche (22) entre la gaine (19) et la conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) ; ledit espace primaire étanche (22) communiquant avec la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7) ; la gaine (19) présentant, entre le plateau annulaire supérieur (20) et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6), une forme agencée de telle sorte qu'un diamètre externe de la gaine (19) se rétrécit en direction de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) entre le plateau annulaire supérieur (20) et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) ; et  a sheath (19) which is disposed around the vapor collecting pipe (15), said sheath (19) having a lower end which is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane (6); said sheath (19) being sealingly connected to the vapor collecting pipe by means of an upper annular plate (20) which extends transversely between the sheath (19) and the vapor collecting pipe (15) so as to providing a sealed primary space (22) between the sheath (19) and the vapor collection pipe (15); said sealed primary space (22) communicating with the primary heat-insulating barrier (7); the sheath (19) having, between the upper annular plate (20) and the secondary sealing membrane (6), a shape arranged such that an outer diameter of the sheath (19) narrows towards the membrane secondary sealing (6) between the upper annular plate (20) and the secondary sealing membrane (6); and
- un dispositif d'échappement primaire destiné à évacuer un fluide de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7), le dispositif d'échappement primaire comportant un conduit (27) raccordé de manière étanche au plateau annulaire supérieur (20) et communiquant avec la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7) au travers de l'espace primaire étanche (22). 2, Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon la revendication , dans laquelle la gaine (19) présente, entre le plateau annulaire supérieur (20) et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (8), une portion tronconique (43) se rétrécissant en direction de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (8). a primary exhaust device for discharging a fluid from the primary thermally insulating barrier (7), the primary exhaust device comprising a conduit (27) sealingly connected to the upper annular plate (20) and communicating with the barrier thermally insulating primary (7) through the sealed primary space (22). 2, sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to claim, wherein the sheath (19) has, between the upper annular plate (20) and the secondary sealing membrane (8), a frustoconical portion (43) narrowing towards the the secondary sealing membrane (8).
3. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la structure de dôme gaz (1) comporte une garniture isolante (26) disposée dans l'espace primaire étanche ménagé entre la gaine (19) et la conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) ; un passage (29) ménagé dans la garniture isolante (26) reliant le conduit (27) à la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7).  Watertight and thermally insulating vessel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas dome structure (1) comprises an insulating gasket (26) disposed in the sealed primary space between the duct (19) and the collector duct. steam (15); a passage (29) formed in the insulating lining (26) connecting the conduit (27) to the primary thermally insulating barrier (7).
4. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) présente une ouverture (24) traversée par la conduite de collecte de vapeur (15), ladite ouverture (24) présentant un diamètre supérieur à celui de la paroi périphérique de la conduite de collecte de vapeur (15) de manière à ménager entre la paroi périphérique de la conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) un passage annulaire (25) faisant communiquer l'espace primaire étanche (22) et la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7).  4. A sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the secondary sealing membrane (6) has an opening (24) through which the vapor collection pipe (15) passes, said opening ( 24) having a diameter greater than that of the peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe (15) so as to provide between the peripheral wall of the vapor collecting pipe (15) and the secondary sealing membrane (6) between annular passage (25) communicating the sealed primary space (22) and the primary thermally insulating barrier (7).
5, Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle la gaine (19) présente une extrémité inférieure qui est soudée à un plateau annulaire inférieur (21), ledit plateau annulaire inférieur (21) étant soudé à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (8) et présentant une ouverture (24) qui est traversée par la conduite de collecte de vapeur (15) et qui présente un diamètre supérieur à celui de la paroi périphérique de la conduite de collecte de vapeur (15) de manière à faire communiquer l'espace primaire étanche (22) et la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7).  5, sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to claim 4, wherein the sheath (19) has a lower end which is welded to a lower annular plate (21), said lower annular plate (21) being welded to the waterproofing membrane secondary (8) and having an opening (24) through which the vapor collection pipe (15) passes and which has a diameter greater than that of the peripheral wall of the vapor collection pipe (15) so as to communicating the sealed primary space (22) and the primary thermally insulating barrier (7).
6. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon la revendication 4 ou 5 prise en combinaison avec la revendication 3, dans laquelle le passage (29) est ménagé dans la garniture isolante (26) de telle sorte que, du conduit (27) du dispositif d'échappement primaire en direction du passage annulaire (25), ledit passage (29) se rapproche de la conduite collectrice de vapeur ( 5).  6. A sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to claim 4 or 5 taken in combination with claim 3, wherein the passage (29) is formed in the insulating lining (26) such that, from the conduit (27) of the primary exhaust towards the annular passage (25), said passage (29) is close to the vapor collecting duct (5).
7, Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle le plateau annulaire supérieur (20) est positionné au-dessus de la structure porteuse (4). 7, sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the upper annular plate (20) is positioned above the carrier structure (4).
8. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle le conduit (27) du dispositif d'échappement primaire est soudé sur la périphérie d'une ouverture ménagée dans le plateau annulaire supérieur (20). A sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the conduit (27) of the primary exhaust device is welded to the periphery of an opening in the upper annular plate (20).
9. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle le conduit (27) du dispositif d'échappement primaire est relié à une soupape apte à s'ouvrir lorsque la pression dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (7) est supérieure à une pression seuil.  Sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the duct (27) of the primary exhaust device is connected to a valve able to open when the pressure in the primary thermally insulating barrier. (7) is greater than a threshold pressure.
10. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées (34, 36, 37) soudées les unes aux autres de manière étanche et comprenant chacune au moins deux ondulations perpendiculaires.  A sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the secondary sealing membrane (6) comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets (34, 36, 37) welded to each other in a manner and each comprising at least two perpendicular corrugations.
11. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle la structure de dôme gaz (1) présente un axe central ; deux lignes directrices de deux ondulations centrales (38, 39) perpendiculaires l'une à l'autre de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6) se croisant au niveau de l'axe central de la structure de dôme gaz (1).  The sealed and thermally insulating vessel of claim 10, wherein the gas dome structure (1) has a central axis; two guidelines of two central corrugations (38, 39) perpendicular to each other of the secondary sealing membrane (6) intersecting at the central axis of the gas dome structure (1).
12. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon la revendication 11 , dans laquelle chacune des deux ondulations centrales (38, 39) est disposée entre deux ondulations adjacentes, les deux ondulations adjacentes de chacune des deux ondulations centrales (38, 39) définissant un périmètre à l'intérieur duquel la gaine (19) est raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (6).  12. A sealed and thermally insulating vessel according to claim 11, wherein each of the two central corrugations (38, 39) is arranged between two adjacent corrugations, the two adjacent corrugations of each of the two central corrugations (38, 39) defining a perimeter to inside which the sheath (19) is sealingly connected to the secondary sealing membrane (6).
13. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon l'une quelconques des revendications 1 à 12, dans laquelle la structure de dôme gaz (1) comporte un fût extérieur (9) qui est disposé autour de la conduite collectrice de vapeur (15) et de la gaine (19) et qui est soudé de manière étanche à la structure porteuse (4).  Watertight and thermally insulating vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the gas dome structure (1) has an outer shaft (9) which is arranged around the vapor collecting pipe (15) and the sheath (19) and which is sealingly welded to the supporting structure (4).
14. Navire (70) pour le transport d'un fluide, le navire comportant une double coque (72) et une cuve (71) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13 disposée dans la double coque, la double coque comportant une coque interne formant la structure porteuse de la cuve. 14. Vessel (70) for the transport of a fluid, the ship comprising a double hull (72) and a tank (71) according to any one of claims 1 to 13 disposed in the double hull, the double hull comprising a internal shell forming the supporting structure of the tank.
15. Procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un navire (70) selon la revendication 14, dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 78, 81) depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis la cuve du navire (71). A method of loading or unloading a vessel (70) according to claim 14, wherein a fluid is conveyed through isolated ducts (73, 79, 78, 81) from or to a floating or land storage facility ( 77) to or from the vessel vessel (71).
18. Système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 14, des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (71) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entraîner un fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.  18. Transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 14, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the ship at a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
PCT/FR2018/052021 2017-08-07 2018-08-03 Sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a gas dome structure WO2019030447A1 (en)

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RU2020104051A RU2759040C2 (en) 2017-08-07 2018-08-03 Sealed and heat-insulated tank containing a gas dome structure
KR1020207006579A KR102506308B1 (en) 2017-08-07 2018-08-03 Sealed and insulated tank containing gas dome structure
CN201880058012.6A CN111094833B (en) 2017-08-07 2018-08-03 Sealed and thermally insulated container comprising a gas-collecting dome

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FR1757561A FR3069904B1 (en) 2017-08-07 2017-08-07 WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATION CONTAINING A GAS DOME STRUCTURE
FR1757561 2017-08-07

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RU2020104051A (en) 2021-09-13
FR3069904A1 (en) 2019-02-08
RU2020104051A3 (en) 2021-09-29
FR3069904B1 (en) 2020-10-02
KR20200039723A (en) 2020-04-16

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