EP4083494A1 - Storage installation for liquefied gas - Google Patents

Storage installation for liquefied gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4083494A1
EP4083494A1 EP22169558.8A EP22169558A EP4083494A1 EP 4083494 A1 EP4083494 A1 EP 4083494A1 EP 22169558 A EP22169558 A EP 22169558A EP 4083494 A1 EP4083494 A1 EP 4083494A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
welded
internal
fixing
storage installation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22169558.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Erwan MICHAUT
Pierre HOUEL
David Huart
Emmanuel HIVERT
Mohamad Jaber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Original Assignee
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport et Technigaz SA filed Critical Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Publication of EP4083494A1 publication Critical patent/EP4083494A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
    • B63B73/20—Building or assembling prefabricated vessel modules or parts other than hull blocks, e.g. engine rooms, rudders, propellers, superstructures, berths, holds or tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
    • B63B73/40—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by joining methods
    • B63B73/43—Welding, e.g. laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D9/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/14—Conveying liquids or viscous products by pumping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
    • F17C2203/0379—Inert
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0379—Manholes or access openings for human beings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of storage installations for liquefied gas comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank, with membranes.
  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and/or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) having for example a temperature between -50°C and 0°C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at around -162°C at atmospheric pressure.
  • LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the document KR20140088975 discloses a storage facility for liquefied gas comprising a support structure formed by the double hull of a ship and a sealed and thermally insulating tank which is housed inside the support structure.
  • the storage installation comprises a through structure intended to define a circulation path between the interior space of the tank and the exterior of the storage installation.
  • the through structure includes an outer barrel which passes through the outer shell of the double hull and which is welded to the inner hull of the double hull, an inner barrel which extends inside the outer barrel and is connected tightly to the primary sealing membrane of the tank and an insulating intermediate space arranged between the inner barrel and the outer barrel.
  • the outer barrel has at its upper end an assembly flange consisting of a flange folded outwards and receiving a removable cover.
  • the inner barrel as well as the insulating intermediate space do not extend to the upper end of the inner barrel and two pipes cross the outer barrel radially in an upper zone of the outer barrel, above the inner barrel and the insulating interspace.
  • the inner barrel is attached to the outer barrel at its upper end.
  • Such a through structure is not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, given its layout and its design, such a through structure is complex to assemble, requires a large space in the storage facility and does not make it possible to decouple the constraints linked to thermal contraction/expansion during the passage of gas liquefied so that the through structure of this document transmits these stresses directly to the load-bearing structure.
  • One idea underlying the invention is to simplify the through structure while improving its assembly to the supporting structure and to the tank.
  • Another idea at the base of the invention is to limit the propagation of the stresses linked to the thermal contraction/expansion of the crossing structure towards the load-bearing structure.
  • the through structure has been simplified in particular by having only one shaft and by reducing the number of elements to be assembled.
  • its size is reduced by the absence of an outer barrel covering the inner barrel, which facilitates its assembly and handling.
  • the fixing device makes it possible to absorb the stresses linked to the thermal contraction/expansion of the internal barrel during the passage of liquefied gas, which makes it possible to put less stress on the supporting structure and/or the through structure.
  • the thickness direction is thus defined as the thickness direction of the ceiling wall.
  • such an installation may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the fixing flange is flat.
  • the upper load-bearing wall comprises a plurality of load-bearing plates welded to each other, at least one load-bearing plate bordering said opening, the fixing collar being welded to said at least load-bearing plate.
  • the fixing flange is formed in the same plane as the at least one carrier plate bordering said opening.
  • the fixing flange is welded by overlapping with said at least one carrier plate.
  • the fixing collar is annular in shape and comprises an outer contour welded to the upper load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure and an internal contour located at a distance from the internal shaft, the outer tube being welded to the fixing collar at a distance from the internal contour so that a fastening collar portion protrudes from the external tube in the direction of the internal shaft.
  • the fixing flange is formed by assembling several plates.
  • the outer tube and the inner shaft are coaxial, the outer tube being included in the direction of thickness between the fixing flange and the fixing ring.
  • the outer tube and/or the inner barrel are for example made using a rolled sheet.
  • the outer tube has an upper end welded to the fixing ring and a lower end welded to the fixing flange.
  • the fixing ring comprises an annular plate formed and welded all around the inner shaft, the annular plate being located in a plane parallel to the fixing collar, one end of the outer tube being welded to the annular plate .
  • the storage facility comprises a neutral gas supply pipe, the fixing device being crossed by the neutral gas supply pipe so as to connect the thermally insulating barrier with neutral gas.
  • the neutral gas supply line passing through the fixing device, makes it possible to avoid crossing the internal barrel, the upper load-bearing wall, and in the case where a secondary sealing membrane is present, without having to cross the secondary sealing membrane, making it possible to limit the number of crossings necessary to reach the thermally insulating barrier in order to produce a neutral atmosphere in this barrier.
  • the inert gas supply pipe passes through the fixing device at the level of the annular plate and of said fixing collar portion.
  • the inert gas supply pipe passes through the fixing device at the level of the external tube and of said fixing collar portion.
  • the annular plate is an internal annular plate and the fixing ring comprises an external annular plate formed and welded all around the internal barrel, the external annular plate being located in a plane parallel to the internal annular plate, the fixing ring comprising stiffeners fixed on the one hand to the internal annular plate and on the other hand to the external annular plate, the stiffeners being distributed all around the internal barrel so as to stiffen the fixing ring.
  • the sealing membrane is a primary sealing membrane and the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermally insulating barrier, the ceiling wall comprising, in the direction of wall thickness from the outside towards the inside the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier fixed to the upper load-bearing wall, a secondary sealing membrane supported by the secondary thermally insulating barrier, said primary thermally insulating barrier supported by the secondary sealing membrane, and said sealing membrane primary sealing supported by the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the through structure comprises a connection collar located inside the tank and welded all around the internal barrel, the primary sealing membrane being interrupted at a distance from the internal barrel and being welded all around the connection flange via a connection plate.
  • the secondary sealing membrane is interrupted at a distance from the internal shaft, the sealing membrane being fixed to the fixing flange by means of a connection ring extending all around the internal shaft .
  • the storage installation comprises a circular stiffener which protrudes towards the outside of the tank from an outer surface of the fixing collar.
  • the circular stiffener and the connection ring are coaxial and of the same diameter, so that the circular stiffener forms the extension of the connection ring outside the vessel.
  • the through structure comprises a ceiling, the ceiling being fixed to one end of the internal barrel projecting outside the tank.
  • the ceiling is curved in shape.
  • the curved ceiling allows the through structure to better withstand the pressure inside the tank.
  • the tank is subjected during its use to an internal pressure of between 0 barg (1.01.10 5 Pa) and 3 barg (3.01.10 5 Pa).
  • the crossing structure comprises at least one pipe from among a liquefied gas loading pipe and a liquefied gas unloading pipe, the at least one pipe crossing the ceiling wall of the tank inside the internal shaft so as to have one end located inside the tank, the ceiling of the through structure being welded to the end of the internal shaft, the through structure forming a dome structure.
  • the internal shaft and the ceiling comprise an outer surface projecting from the upper load-bearing wall, said outer surface being at least partially, preferably totally, covered with insulating packing.
  • said at least one pipe passes through the internal shaft or the ceiling of the through structure.
  • said at least one conduit comprises a portion of conduit situated outside the through structure, said portion of conduit comprising an outer surface covered at least partially with insulating packing.
  • the stiffeners of the fixing ring are spaced from each other by insulating packing.
  • the ceiling is removably fixed, for example by screwing, to said end of the internal shaft, the through structure forming a manhole structure.
  • the internal shaft and the ceiling comprise an internal surface projecting from the upper load-bearing wall, said external surface being at least partially covered with insulating packing.
  • the internal surface of the ceiling is completely covered with insulating trim.
  • the ceiling of the manhole structure is crossed by at least one level sensor.
  • the crossing structure is a first crossing structure and the opening is a first opening
  • the storage installation comprises a second crossing structure passing through a second opening made in the ceiling wall and in the upper bearing wall, the second opening being remote from the first opening, the first through structure forming a dome structure and the second through structure forming a manhole structure.
  • the secondary thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of juxtaposed parallelepipedic insulating blocks and the secondary sealing membrane comprises a plurality of parallel strakes, a strake comprising a flat central portion resting on an upper surface of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier and two raised edges protruding towards the primary waterproofing membrane with respect to the central portion, the strakes being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together in a sealed manner at the level of the raised edges, anchoring wings anchored to the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier being arranged between the juxtaposed strakes to retain the secondary sealing membrane on the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the secondary sealing membrane is formed from a metal alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5 ⁇ 10 -6 and 7.5 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 .
  • the primary sealing membrane is composed of corrugated stainless steel sheets assembled together so as to form a continuous layer of sheets, the continuous sheet of sheet having two series of mutually perpendicular corrugations.
  • the fastening device is made of stainless steel.
  • Such a storage installation can be an onshore storage installation, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an LNG carrier, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating remote production and storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating remote production and storage unit
  • Such a storage facility can also serve as a fuel tank in any type of ship.
  • a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and an aforementioned storage installation arranged in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to an external storage installation floating or land-based and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or to the external floating or land-based storage installation to or from the ship's tank.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a ship, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes from or to an external floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the vessel's tank.
  • the terms "internal” and “external” designate relative positions of elements of the storage installation with respect to the interior of the tank, the so-called internal elements being closer to the interior of the tank than the so-called external elements.
  • the storage installation 71 for liquefied gas comprises a supporting structure 3, for example formed by the double hull 72 of a ship 70, as represented on the figure 8 , and a tank 1 which is housed inside the support structure 3, as shown in the figure 1 .
  • Tank 1 is a membrane tank for storing liquefied gas.
  • Vessel 1 has a multilayer structure, represented in particular by figure 5 , and comprising, from the outside inwards along a direction of wall thickness, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprising insulating elements resting against the supporting structure 3, a secondary sealing membrane 4 resting against the thermally insulating barrier secondary insulating barrier 2, a primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4 and a primary sealing membrane 6 intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank 1.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 defines an internal space 7 intended to receive the liquefied gas.
  • such membrane tanks are described in particular in the patent applications WO14057221 , FR2691520 and FR2877638 aimed respectively at the Mark V ® , Mark III ® and NO96 ® technologies developed by the applicant.
  • the secondary sealing membrane 4 comprises a plurality of parallel strakes.
  • Each strake has a flat central portion resting on an upper surface of the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 and two raised edges projecting towards the primary sealing membrane 6 with respect to the central portion.
  • the strakes are juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together tightly at the raised edges.
  • Anchor wings anchored to the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 are arranged between the juxtaposed strakes to retain the secondary sealing membrane 4 on the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 is composed of corrugated stainless steel assembled together to form a continuous layer of sheets.
  • the continuous sheet metal sheet has two series of mutually perpendicular corrugations.
  • the liquefied gas intended to be stored in the tank 1 can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture mainly comprising methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons.
  • the liquefied gas can also be ethane or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons resulting from petroleum refining comprising essentially propane and butane.
  • the tank 1 is a polyhedral tank comprising in particular a ceiling wall 8 fixed to an upper load-bearing wall 9 of the load-bearing structure 3, and a bottom wall 10 fixed to a lower load-bearing wall 11 of the load-bearing structure 3.
  • the figure 1 represents a part of the storage installation 71 for which only a portion of the ceiling wall 8 and a portion of the corresponding bottom wall 9 have been represented.
  • the storage facility 71 comprises two through structures 12, 13 passing through openings 14, 15 made in the ceiling wall 8 and the upper load-bearing wall 9.
  • the first through structure is a dome structure 12 passing through of a first opening 14 and the second through structure is a manhole structure passing through a second opening 15.
  • the first opening 14 and the second opening 15 are spaced from each other as shown in the figure 1 .
  • the dome structure 12 makes it possible in particular to provide a sealed crossing of the ceiling wall 8 for the loading and unloading pipes 14, 15 of liquefied gas.
  • the manhole structure 13, for its part, makes it possible to maintain access for an operator who leads to the internal space 7 of the tank 1, for example for repair operations.
  • the loading line 14 and the unloading line 15 open into the internal space 7 of the tank 1 in order to load or unload the latter with liquefied gas. Also as visible on the figure 1 , there is provided a support foot 16 fixed to the bottom wall 10 and which is provided with a guide device 17 encircling one end of the loading pipe 14 and one end of the unloading pipe 15, so as to maintain the loading and unloading pipes 14, 15 in the axis of the dome structure 12.
  • the figures 2 and 3 represent in more detail the dome structure 12 while the figures 4 and 5 represent in more detail the manhole structure 13.
  • the traversing structures namely the dome structure 12 and the manhole structure 13, described below have substantially similar structures and differ from each other only in their use, the elements which pass through them , and potentially their sizing.
  • the manhole structure 13 is provided with a removable cover unlike the dome structure 12.
  • the traversing structure 12, 13 comprises an internal shaft 18 which extends along the wall thickness direction and which crosses the upper bearing wall 9 and the ceiling wall 8.
  • the internal shaft 18 is of cylindrical shape with section circular.
  • the inner barrel 18 is welded in a tight manner to the primary sealing membrane 6 and is welded to the upper load-bearing wall 9 by means of a fixing device 19.
  • the fixing device 19 enables the radial and longitudinal contraction of the inner barrel 18 to be authorized. the deformation of the inner barrel 18 by deforming itself so as to limit the stresses on the upper load-bearing wall 9, the welds or the inner barrel 18.
  • the fixing ring 20 comprises an internal annular plate 24 and an external annular plate 25 formed and welded all around the internal shaft 18.
  • the annular plates 24 are located in planes parallel to the fixing collar 21, and are spaced apart l each other.
  • One end of the outer tube 22 is welded to the inner annular plate 24.
  • the fixing ring 20 further comprises stiffeners 26 fixed on the one hand to the inner annular plate 24 and on the other hand to the outer annular plate 25.
  • the stiffeners 26 are for example plates formed in a plane orthogonal to the annular plates 24, 25, one side of the stiffeners being in contact with the internal shaft 18.
  • the stiffeners 26 are distributed all around the internal shaft 18 so as to stiffen the fixing ring 20.
  • the fixing flange 21 is made up of a flat plate formed in the same plane as at least one supporting sheet bordering the opening 23 and is welded to said at least one supporting sheet of the upper supporting wall 9.
  • the fixing flange 21 is annular in shape and has an outer contour welded to the upper load-bearing wall 9 and an internal contour located at a distance from the internal shaft 18.
  • the external tube 22 is welded to the fixing flange 21 at a distance from the internal contour so that a portion of fixing flange 27 protrudes from the outer tube 22 in the direction of the internal shaft 18. This facilitates the welding of the outer tube 22 on the fixing flange 21.
  • support cleats 39 are fixed all around the fixing flange 21 and project from the outer contour of the fixing flange 21, in a direction opposite to the internal barrel 18, in order to come to rest on the upper load-bearing wall 9 during the fixing of the through structure 12, 13.
  • the dome structure 12 comprises a ceiling 28 domed and welded to one end of the internal shaft 18 projecting outside the tank 1.
  • the ceiling 28 and the internal shaft 18 are inseparable from each other after fixing.
  • the internal shaft 18 and the ceiling 28 are covered with insulating packing 40 on their outer surface protruding from the upper load-bearing wall in order to form thermal continuity with the thermal insulation of tank 1.
  • the dome structure 12 comprises a loading line 29 and an unloading line 30 of liquefied gas.
  • the unloading pipe 30 passes through the ceiling 28 and continues inside the internal drum 18 in order to reach the internal space 7 of the tank 1.
  • the loading pipe 29 passes through the internal drum 18 and continues inside the internal barrel 18 in order to reach the internal space 7 of the tank.
  • the dome structure can also include level sensors 34 for measuring the level of liquefied gas in the tank 1 as well as a safety pipe 42.
  • the dome structure 12 may comprise, instead of the level sensors and the safety pipe, a liquefied gas spraying system making it possible to spray liquefied gas into the tank 1 before the loading of the tank 1 in order to cool the internal space 7, as well as a vapor evacuation pipe making it possible to evacuate the gas in the vapor phase from the internal space 7 in order to bring it for example towards the system of propulsion of a ship or a reliquefaction unit.
  • a liquefied gas spraying system making it possible to spray liquefied gas into the tank 1 before the loading of the tank 1 in order to cool the internal space 7, as well as a vapor evacuation pipe making it possible to evacuate the gas in the vapor phase from the internal space 7 in order to bring it for example towards the system of propulsion of a ship or a reliquefaction unit.
  • the manhole structure 13 comprises a domed ceiling 28 removably fixed to one end of the internal barrel 18 projecting outside the tank 1, for example using a fixing system 31 formed of a bolted strapping.
  • the ceiling 28 forms a cover of the manhole structure 13 located on the internal shaft 18.
  • the manhole structure 13 comprises a liquefied gas spraying system 32 for spraying liquefied gas into the tank 1 before loading the tank 1 in order to cool the internal space 7, as well as a pipe for evacuation of vapor 33 making it possible to evacuate the gas in the vapor phase from the internal space 7 in order to bring it, for example, to the propulsion system of a ship or a reliquefaction unit.
  • the spraying system 32 and the steam evacuation pipe 33 pass through the ceiling 28 by being integral there and continue in the internal barrel 18 to reach the internal space 7 of the tank 1. By removing the ceiling 28 during repair for example, the spray system 32 and the steam exhaust line 33 are also removed.
  • the manhole structure 13 includes level sensors 34 for measuring the level of liquefied gas in the tank 1 as well as a safety pipe (not shown).
  • the level sensors 34 pass through the ceiling 28 and are located partly inside the internal barrel 18.
  • the level sensors 34 are for example optical sensors, directed towards the bottom of the tank 1. By removing the ceiling 28 during repair, for example, the level sensors 34 are also removed.
  • the thermally insulating barriers 2, 5 of a tank 1 of liquefied gas are traversed by an inert gas such as nitrogen in order in particular to inert them and/or to detect a leak in one of the sealing membranes 4, 6.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen
  • the storage installation 71 comprises at least one neutral gas supply line 35 which passes through the fixing device 19, as illustrated in figure 5 and 6 .
  • the inert gas supply pipe 35 passes through the fixing device 19 at the level of the internal annular plate 24 and the fixing flange portion 27, while in the variant illustrated in figure 7 , the inert gas supply line 35 passes through the fixing device 19 at the level of the outer tube 22 and the fixing collar portion 27.
  • the figure 6 also illustrates how the closures of the primary 6 and secondary 4 sealing membranes are made at the level of a through structure 12, 13.
  • the secondary sealing membrane 4 is interrupted at a distance from the internal barrel 18 and is fixed to the fixing flange 21 via a connection ring 36 all around the internal barrel 18.
  • the sealing membrane secondary 4 is therefore welded to the connection ring 36 all around the internal barrel 18.
  • a circular stiffener 37 protrudes outwards from the outer surface of the fixing flange 21.
  • the circular stiffener 37 extends in the extension of the connection ring 18.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 is also interrupted at a distance from the internal barrel 18.
  • the through structure 12, 13 comprises a connection flange 38 located in the internal space 7 of the tank 1 and welded all around the internal barrel 18.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 is welded directly to the connecting flange 38 all around the latter.
  • the membrane primary sealing 6 can be welded to the connection flange 38 via a connection plate.
  • insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 and of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 are shown schematically. These insulating elements can for example be formed from a layer of polymer foam, such as a fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam, on which can be fixed an upper plate and/or a lower plywood plate.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 1 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the double shell 72 comprises an inner shell and an outer shell.
  • the wall of the tank 1 comprises a primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary waterproof membrane arranged between the primary waterproof membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproof membrane and the secondary waterproof membrane and between the secondary waterproof membrane and the double hull 72.
  • loading/unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 1.
  • the figure 8 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipeline 76 and an installation on land 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a mobile arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74.
  • the mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading/unloading pipes 73.
  • the orientable mobile arm 74 adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers.
  • a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the shore installation 77.
  • This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
  • the underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and/or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and/or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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Abstract

[L'invention concerne une installation de stockage (71) pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une structure porteuse (3) et une cuve (1) comprenant une paroi de plafond (8),dans laquelle la paroi de plafond (8) comporte une barrière thermiquement isolante et une membrane d'étanchéité,dans laquelle l'installation de stockage (71) comporte une structure traversante (12, 13) passant au travers d'une ouverture réalisée dans la paroi de plafond (8),dans laquelle la structure traversante (12, 13) comporte un fût interne (18) soudé de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité et étant fixé à la structure porteuse (3) au moyen d'un dispositif de fixation (19) qui comporte :- un anneau de fixation (20) soudé autour du fût interne (18),- une collerette de fixation (21) qui s'étend radialement autour et à distance du fût interne (18) et qui est soudée à la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) de la structure porteuse (3),- un tube externe (22) de support qui s'étend autour du fût interne (18) et qui est soudé d'une part à la collerette de fixation (21) et d'autre part à l'anneau de fixation (20).[The invention relates to a storage installation (71) for liquefied gas comprising a supporting structure (3) and a vessel (1) comprising a ceiling wall (8), in which the ceiling wall (8) comprises a thermal barrier insulation and a sealing membrane, in which the storage installation (71) comprises a through structure (12, 13) passing through an opening made in the ceiling wall (8), in which the through structure ( 12, 13) comprises an internal barrel (18) welded in leaktight manner to the sealing membrane and being fixed to the supporting structure (3) by means of a fixing device (19) which comprises:- a fixing ring (20) welded around the inner barrel (18), - a fixing flange (21) which extends radially around and at a distance from the inner barrel (18) and which is welded to the upper load-bearing wall (9) of the structure carrier (3), - an outer support tube (22) which extends around the inner barrel (18) and which is welded to on the one hand to the fixing collar (21) and on the other hand to the fixing ring (20).

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des installations de stockage pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante, à membranes. En particulier, l'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour le stockage et/ou le transport de gaz liquéfié à basse température, telles que des cuves pour le transport de Gaz de Pétrole Liquéfié (aussi appelé GPL) présentant par exemple une température comprise entre -50°C et 0°C, ou pour le transport de Gaz Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) à environ -162°C à pression atmosphérique. Ces cuves peuvent être installées à terre ou sur un ouvrage flottant. Dans le cas d'un ouvrage flottant, la cuve peut être destinée au transport de gaz liquéfié ou à recevoir du gaz liquéfié servant de carburant pour la propulsion de l'ouvrage flottant.The invention relates to the field of storage installations for liquefied gas comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank, with membranes. In particular, the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and/or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) having for example a temperature between -50°C and 0°C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at around -162°C at atmospheric pressure. These tanks can be installed on land or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.

Arrière-plan technologiqueTechnology background

Le document KR20140088975 divulgue une installation de stockage pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une structure porteuse formée par la double coque d'un navire et une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante qui est logée à l'intérieur de la structure porteuse. L'installation de stockage comporte une structure traversante destinée à définir une voie de circulation entre l'espace intérieur de la cuve et l'extérieur de l'installation de stockage.The document KR20140088975 discloses a storage facility for liquefied gas comprising a support structure formed by the double hull of a ship and a sealed and thermally insulating tank which is housed inside the support structure. The storage installation comprises a through structure intended to define a circulation path between the interior space of the tank and the exterior of the storage installation.

La structure traversante comporte un fût extérieur qui passe au travers de la coque externe de la double coque et qui est soudée à la coque interne de la double coque, un fût interne qui s'étend à l'intérieur du fût extérieur et est raccordé de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité primaire de la cuve et un espace intermédiaire isolant disposé entre le fût interne et le fût extérieur.The through structure includes an outer barrel which passes through the outer shell of the double hull and which is welded to the inner hull of the double hull, an inner barrel which extends inside the outer barrel and is connected tightly to the primary sealing membrane of the tank and an insulating intermediate space arranged between the inner barrel and the outer barrel.

Le fût extérieur comporte au niveau de son extrémité supérieure une bride d'assemblage constituée d'un rebord replié vers l'extérieur et recevant un couvercle amovible. Le fût interne ainsi que l'espace intermédiaire isolant ne s'étendent pas jusqu'à l'extrémité supérieure du fût interne et deux conduites traversent radialement le fût extérieur dans une zone supérieure du fût extérieur, au-dessus du fût interne et de l'espace intermédiaire isolant. Le fût interne est fixé au fût extérieur au niveau de son extrémité supérieure.The outer barrel has at its upper end an assembly flange consisting of a flange folded outwards and receiving a removable cover. The inner barrel as well as the insulating intermediate space do not extend to the upper end of the inner barrel and two pipes cross the outer barrel radially in an upper zone of the outer barrel, above the inner barrel and the insulating interspace. The inner barrel is attached to the outer barrel at its upper end.

Une telle structure traversante n'est pas pleinement satisfaisante. En effet, comptetenu de son agencement et sa conception, une telle structure traversante est complexe à assembler, nécessite un espace important dans l'installation de stockage et ne permet pas de découpler les contraintes liées à la contraction/dilatation thermique lors du passage du gaz liquéfié de sorte que la structure traversante de ce document transmet ces contraintes directement à la structure porteuse.Such a through structure is not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, given its layout and its design, such a through structure is complex to assemble, requires a large space in the storage facility and does not make it possible to decouple the constraints linked to thermal contraction/expansion during the passage of gas liquefied so that the through structure of this document transmits these stresses directly to the load-bearing structure.

RésuméSummary

Une idée à la base de l'invention est de simplifier la structure traversante tout en améliorant son assemblage à la structure porteuse et à la cuve.One idea underlying the invention is to simplify the through structure while improving its assembly to the supporting structure and to the tank.

Une autre idée à la base de l'invention est de limiter la propagation des contraintes liées à la contraction/dilatation thermique de la structure traversante vers la structure porteuseAnother idea at the base of the invention is to limit the propagation of the stresses linked to the thermal contraction/expansion of the crossing structure towards the load-bearing structure.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une installation de stockage pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une structure porteuse et une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante agencée dans la structure porteuse, la structure porteuse comprenant une paroi porteuse supérieure et la cuve comprenant une paroi de plafond, la paroi de plafond étant fixée à la paroi porteuse supérieure de la structure porteuse,

  • dans laquelle la paroi de plafond comporte, dans une direction d'épaisseur de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de la cuve, au moins une barrière thermiquement isolante et au moins une membrane d'étanchéité supportée par la barrière thermiquement isolante et destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve,
  • dans laquelle l'installation de stockage comporte une structure traversante passant au travers d'une ouverture réalisée dans la paroi de plafond et la paroi porteuse supérieure de la structure porteuse,
  • dans laquelle la structure traversante comporte un fût interne qui s'étend selon ladite direction d'épaisseur et qui traverse la paroi porteuse supérieure et la paroi de plafond , ledit fût interne étant soudé de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité et étant fixé à la paroi porteuse supérieure au moyen d'un dispositif de fixation,
  • et dans laquelle le dispositif de fixation comporte :
    • un anneau de fixation qui est disposé à l'extérieur de la paroi porteuse supérieure de la structure porteuse et qui est soudé autour du fût interne,
    • une collerette de fixation qui s'étend radialement autour et à distance du fût interne et qui est soudée autour de l'ouverture à la paroi porteuse supérieure de la structure porteuse,
    • un tube externe de support qui s'étend autour du fût interne et qui est soudé d'une part à la collerette de fixation et d'autre part à l'anneau de fixation de manière à assurer le support du fût interne, le dispositif de fixation étant configuré pour permettre la contraction radiale et longitudinale du fût interne.
According to one embodiment, the invention provides a storage facility for liquefied gas comprising a supporting structure and a sealed and thermally insulating tank arranged in the supporting structure, the supporting structure comprising an upper supporting wall and the tank comprising a ceiling wall , the ceiling wall being fixed to the upper load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure,
  • in which the ceiling wall comprises, in a direction of thickness from the outside towards the inside of the tank, at least one thermally insulating barrier and at least one sealing membrane supported by the thermally insulating barrier and intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank,
  • in which the storage installation comprises a through structure passing through an opening made in the ceiling wall and the upper load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure,
  • wherein the through structure comprises an inner barrel which extends in said direction of thickness and which passes through the upper load-bearing wall and the ceiling wall, said inner barrel being welded in a leaktight manner to the sealing membrane and being fixed to the upper load-bearing wall by means of a fixing device,
  • and wherein the securing device comprises:
    • a fixing ring which is arranged outside the upper load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure and which is welded around the internal shaft,
    • a fixing flange which extends radially around and at a distance from the internal barrel and which is welded around the opening to the upper bearing wall of the bearing structure,
    • an external support tube which extends around the internal barrel and which is welded on the one hand to the fixing flange and on the other hand to the fixing ring so as to ensure the supporting the inner barrel, the securing device being configured to allow radial and longitudinal contraction of the inner barrel.

Grâce à ces caractéristiques, la structure traversante a été simplifiée notamment en ne comportant plus qu'un seul fût et en réduisant le nombre d'éléments à assembler. De plus, sa taille est réduite par l'absence d'un fût externe recouvrant le fût interne ce qui facilite son assemblage et sa manutention. Enfin, le dispositif de fixation permet d'absorber les contraintes liées à la contraction/dilatation thermique du fût interne lors du passage de gaz liquéfié ce qui permet de moins solliciter la structure porteuse et/ou la structure traversante.Thanks to these characteristics, the through structure has been simplified in particular by having only one shaft and by reducing the number of elements to be assembled. In addition, its size is reduced by the absence of an outer barrel covering the inner barrel, which facilitates its assembly and handling. Finally, the fixing device makes it possible to absorb the stresses linked to the thermal contraction/expansion of the internal barrel during the passage of liquefied gas, which makes it possible to put less stress on the supporting structure and/or the through structure.

La direction d'épaisseur est ainsi définie comme étant la direction d'épaisseur de la paroi de plafond.The thickness direction is thus defined as the thickness direction of the ceiling wall.

Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle installation peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.According to embodiments, such an installation may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la collerette de fixation est plane.According to one embodiment, the fixing flange is flat.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi porteuse supérieure comporte une pluralité de tôles porteuses soudées les unes aux autres, au moins une tôle porteuse bordant ladite ouverture, la collerette de fixation étant soudée à ladite au moins tôle porteuse.According to one embodiment, the upper load-bearing wall comprises a plurality of load-bearing plates welded to each other, at least one load-bearing plate bordering said opening, the fixing collar being welded to said at least load-bearing plate.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la collerette de fixation est formée dans le même plan que l'au moins une tôle porteuse bordant ladite ouverture.According to one embodiment, the fixing flange is formed in the same plane as the at least one carrier plate bordering said opening.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la collerette de fixation est soudée par chevauchement avec ladite au moins une tôle porteuse.According to one embodiment, the fixing flange is welded by overlapping with said at least one carrier plate.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la collerette de fixation est de forme annulaire et comporte un contour externe soudé à la paroi porteuse supérieure de la structure porteuse et un contour interne situé à distance du fut interne, le tube externe étant soudé à la collerette de fixation à distance du contour interne de sorte qu'une portion de collerette de fixation fasse saillie du tube externe en direction du fut interne.According to one embodiment, the fixing collar is annular in shape and comprises an outer contour welded to the upper load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure and an internal contour located at a distance from the internal shaft, the outer tube being welded to the fixing collar at a distance from the internal contour so that a fastening collar portion protrudes from the external tube in the direction of the internal shaft.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la collerette de fixation est formée de l'assemblage de plusieurs plaques.According to one embodiment, the fixing flange is formed by assembling several plates.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le tube externe et le fût interne sont coaxiaux, le tube externe étant compris dans la direction d'épaisseur entre la collerette de fixation et l'anneau de fixation. Le tube externe et/ou le fût interne sont par exemple réalisés à l'aide d'une tôle roulée.According to one embodiment, the outer tube and the inner shaft are coaxial, the outer tube being included in the direction of thickness between the fixing flange and the fixing ring. The outer tube and/or the inner barrel are for example made using a rolled sheet.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le tube externe comporte une extrémité supérieure soudée à l'anneau de fixation et une extrémité inférieure soudée à la collerette de fixation.According to one embodiment, the outer tube has an upper end welded to the fixing ring and a lower end welded to the fixing flange.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'anneau de fixation comporte une plaque annulaire formée et soudée tout autour du fut interne, la plaque annulaire étant située dans un plan parallèle à la collerette de fixation, une extrémité du tube externe étant soudée à la plaque annulaire.According to one embodiment, the fixing ring comprises an annular plate formed and welded all around the inner shaft, the annular plate being located in a plane parallel to the fixing collar, one end of the outer tube being welded to the annular plate .

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'installation de stockage comporte une conduite d'apport en gaz neutre, le dispositif de fixation étant traversé par la conduite d'apport en gaz neutre de sorte à raccorder en gaz neutre la barrière thermiquement isolante.According to one embodiment, the storage facility comprises a neutral gas supply pipe, the fixing device being crossed by the neutral gas supply pipe so as to connect the thermally insulating barrier with neutral gas.

Ainsi, la conduite d'apport en gaz neutre, en passant par le dispositif de fixation, permet d'éviter de traverser le fût interne, la paroi porteuse supérieure, et dans le cas où une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire est présente, sans avoir à traverser la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, permettant de limiter le nombre de traversés nécessaire pour atteindre la barrière thermiquement isolante afin de produire une atmosphère neutre dans cette barrière.Thus, the neutral gas supply line, passing through the fixing device, makes it possible to avoid crossing the internal barrel, the upper load-bearing wall, and in the case where a secondary sealing membrane is present, without having to cross the secondary sealing membrane, making it possible to limit the number of crossings necessary to reach the thermally insulating barrier in order to produce a neutral atmosphere in this barrier.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la conduite d'apport en gaz neutre traverse le dispositif de fixation au niveau de la plaque annulaire et de ladite portion de collerette de fixation.According to one embodiment, the inert gas supply pipe passes through the fixing device at the level of the annular plate and of said fixing collar portion.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la conduite d'apport en gaz neutre traverse le dispositif de fixation au niveau du tube externe et de ladite portion de collerette de fixation.According to one embodiment, the inert gas supply pipe passes through the fixing device at the level of the external tube and of said fixing collar portion.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque annulaire est une plaque annulaire interne et l'anneau de fixation comporte une plaque annulaire externe formée et soudée tout autour du fût interne, la plaque annulaire externe étant située dans un plan parallèle à la plaque annulaire interne, l'anneau de fixation comportant des raidisseurs fixés d'une part à la plaque annulaire interne et d'autre part à la plaque annulaire externe, les raidisseurs étant répartis tout autour du fût interne de sorte à rigidifier l'anneau de fixation.According to one embodiment, the annular plate is an internal annular plate and the fixing ring comprises an external annular plate formed and welded all around the internal barrel, the external annular plate being located in a plane parallel to the internal annular plate, the fixing ring comprising stiffeners fixed on the one hand to the internal annular plate and on the other hand to the external annular plate, the stiffeners being distributed all around the internal barrel so as to stiffen the fixing ring.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d'étanchéité est une membrane d'étanchéité primaire et la barrière thermiquement isolante est une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire, la paroi de plafond comportant, dans la direction d'épaisseur de paroi de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de la cuve, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire fixée à la paroi porteuse supérieure, une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire supportée par la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire, ladite barrière thermiquement isolante primaire supportée par la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, et ladite membrane d'étanchéité primaire supportée par la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire.According to one embodiment, the sealing membrane is a primary sealing membrane and the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermally insulating barrier, the ceiling wall comprising, in the direction of wall thickness from the outside towards the inside the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier fixed to the upper load-bearing wall, a secondary sealing membrane supported by the secondary thermally insulating barrier, said primary thermally insulating barrier supported by the secondary sealing membrane, and said sealing membrane primary sealing supported by the primary thermally insulating barrier.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure traversante comporte une collerette de raccordement située à l'intérieur de la cuve et soudée tout autour du fût interne, la membrane d'étanchéité primaire étant interrompue à distance du fût interne et étant soudée tout autour de la collerette de raccordement par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque de raccordement.According to one embodiment, the through structure comprises a connection collar located inside the tank and welded all around the internal barrel, the primary sealing membrane being interrupted at a distance from the internal barrel and being welded all around the connection flange via a connection plate.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire est interrompue à distance du fût interne, la membrane d'étanchéité étant fixée à la collerette de fixation par l'intermédiaire d'un anneau de raccordement s'étendant tout autour du fût interne.According to one embodiment, the secondary sealing membrane is interrupted at a distance from the internal shaft, the sealing membrane being fixed to the fixing flange by means of a connection ring extending all around the internal shaft .

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'installation de stockage comporte un raidisseur circulaire qui fait saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve depuis une surface externe de la collerette de fixation.According to one embodiment, the storage installation comprises a circular stiffener which protrudes towards the outside of the tank from an outer surface of the fixing collar.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le raidisseur circulaire et l'anneau de raccordement sont coaxiaux et de même diamètre, de sorte que le raidisseur circulaire forme le prolongement de l'anneau raccordement à l'extérieur de la cuve.According to one embodiment, the circular stiffener and the connection ring are coaxial and of the same diameter, so that the circular stiffener forms the extension of the connection ring outside the vessel.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure traversante comporte un plafond, le plafond étant fixé à une extrémité du fût interne faisant saillie à l'extérieur de la cuve.According to one embodiment, the through structure comprises a ceiling, the ceiling being fixed to one end of the internal barrel projecting outside the tank.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le plafond est de forme bombée.According to one embodiment, the ceiling is curved in shape.

Ainsi, le plafond bombé permet à la structure traversante de mieux supporter la pression interne à la cuve.Thus, the curved ceiling allows the through structure to better withstand the pressure inside the tank.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la cuve est soumise lors de son utilisation à une pression interne comprise entre 0 barg (1,01.105 Pa) et 3 barg (3,01.105 Pa).According to one embodiment, the tank is subjected during its use to an internal pressure of between 0 barg (1.01.10 5 Pa) and 3 barg (3.01.10 5 Pa).

Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure traversante comporte au moins une conduite parmi une conduite de chargement en gaz liquéfié et une conduite de déchargement en gaz liquéfié, l'au moins une conduite traversant la paroi de plafond de la cuve à l'intérieur du fût interne de sorte à comporter une extrémité située à l'intérieur de la cuve, le plafond de la structure traversante étant soudé à l'extrémité du fût interne, la structure traversante formant une structure de dôme.According to one embodiment, the crossing structure comprises at least one pipe from among a liquefied gas loading pipe and a liquefied gas unloading pipe, the at least one pipe crossing the ceiling wall of the tank inside the internal shaft so as to have one end located inside the tank, the ceiling of the through structure being welded to the end of the internal shaft, the through structure forming a dome structure.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le fût interne et le plafond comportent une surface extérieure faisant saillie de la paroi porteuse supérieure, ladite surface extérieure étant au moins partiellement, de préférence totalement, recouverte de garniture isolante.According to one embodiment, the internal shaft and the ceiling comprise an outer surface projecting from the upper load-bearing wall, said outer surface being at least partially, preferably totally, covered with insulating packing.

Selon un mode de réalisation, ladite moins une conduite traverse le fût interne ou le plafond de la structure traversante.According to one embodiment, said at least one pipe passes through the internal shaft or the ceiling of the through structure.

Selon un mode de réalisation, ladite au moins une conduite comporte une portion de conduite située à l'extérieur de la structure traversante, ladite portion de conduite comportant une surface extérieure recouverte au moins partiellement de garniture isolante.According to one embodiment, said at least one conduit comprises a portion of conduit situated outside the through structure, said portion of conduit comprising an outer surface covered at least partially with insulating packing.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les raidisseurs de l'anneau de fixation sont espacés les uns des autres par de la garniture isolante.According to one embodiment, the stiffeners of the fixing ring are spaced from each other by insulating packing.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le plafond est fixé de manière amovible, par exemple par vissage, à ladite extrémité du fût interne, la structure traversante formant une structure de trou d'homme.According to one embodiment, the ceiling is removably fixed, for example by screwing, to said end of the internal shaft, the through structure forming a manhole structure.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le fût interne et le plafond comportent une surface interne faisant saillie de la paroi porteuse supérieure, ladite surface extérieure étant au moins partiellement recouverte de garniture isolante. De préférence, la surface interne du plafond est totalement recouverte de garniture isolante.According to one embodiment, the internal shaft and the ceiling comprise an internal surface projecting from the upper load-bearing wall, said external surface being at least partially covered with insulating packing. Preferably, the internal surface of the ceiling is completely covered with insulating trim.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le plafond de la structure de trou d'homme est traversé par au moins un capteur de niveau.According to one embodiment, the ceiling of the manhole structure is crossed by at least one level sensor.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure traversante est une première structure traversante et l'ouverture est une première ouverture, et l'installation de stockage comporte une deuxième structure traversante passant au travers d'une deuxième ouverture réalisée dans la paroi de plafond et dans la paroi porteuse supérieure, la deuxième ouverture étant distante de la première ouverture, la première structure traversante formant une structure de dôme et la deuxième structure traversante formant une structure de trou de passage d'homme.According to one embodiment, the crossing structure is a first crossing structure and the opening is a first opening, and the storage installation comprises a second crossing structure passing through a second opening made in the ceiling wall and in the upper bearing wall, the second opening being remote from the first opening, the first through structure forming a dome structure and the second through structure forming a manhole structure.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire comporte une pluralité de blocs isolants parallélépipédiques juxtaposés et la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire comporte une pluralité de virures parallèles, une virure comportant une portion centrale plane reposant sur une surface supérieure des blocs isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire et deux bords relevés faisant saillie vers la membrane d'étanchéité primaire par rapport à la portion centrale, les virures étant juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche au niveau des bords relevés, des ailes d'ancrage ancrées aux blocs isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire étant agencées entre les virures juxtaposées pour retenir la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire sur la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire.According to one embodiment, the secondary thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of juxtaposed parallelepipedic insulating blocks and the secondary sealing membrane comprises a plurality of parallel strakes, a strake comprising a flat central portion resting on an upper surface of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier and two raised edges protruding towards the primary waterproofing membrane with respect to the central portion, the strakes being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together in a sealed manner at the level of the raised edges, anchoring wings anchored to the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier being arranged between the juxtaposed strakes to retain the secondary sealing membrane on the secondary thermally insulating barrier.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire est formée dans un alliage métallique présentant un coefficient de dilatation thermique compris entre 0.5.10-6 et 7,5.10-6 K-1.According to one embodiment, the secondary sealing membrane is formed from a metal alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5×10 -6 and 7.5×10 -6 K -1 .

Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d'étanchéité primaire est composée de tôles ondulées en acier inoxydable assemblées les unes aux autres de sorte à former une nappe continue de tôles, la nappe continue de tôle présentant deux séries d'ondulations mutuellement perpendiculaires.According to one embodiment, the primary sealing membrane is composed of corrugated stainless steel sheets assembled together so as to form a continuous layer of sheets, the continuous sheet of sheet having two series of mutually perpendicular corrugations.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de fixation est réalisé en acier inoxydable.According to one embodiment, the fastening device is made of stainless steel.

Une telle installation de stockage peut être une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres. Une telle installation de stockage peut aussi servir de réservoir de carburant dans tout type de navire.Such a storage installation can be an onshore storage installation, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an LNG carrier, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating remote production and storage unit (FPSO) and others. Such a storage facility can also serve as a fuel tank in any type of ship.

Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid comporte une double coque et une installation de stockage précitée disposée dans la double coque.According to one embodiment, a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and an aforementioned storage installation arranged in the double hull.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entrainer un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to an external storage installation floating or land-based and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or to the external floating or land-based storage installation to or from the ship's tank.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a ship, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes from or to an external floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the vessel's tank.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of figures

L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.

  • [Fig. 1] La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe partielle d'une installation de stockage selon un premier mode de réalisation, comportant sur la paroi de plafond une structure de dôme et une structure de trou d'homme.
  • [Fig. 2] La figure 2 est une vue en perspective écorchée du détail II de la figure 1, représentant la structure de dôme
  • [Fig. 3] La figure 3 est une vue en coupe du détail Il de la figure 1, représentant la structure de dôme.
  • [Fig. 4] La figure 4 est une vue en coupe du détail IV de la figure 1, représentant la structure de trou d'homme.
  • [Fig. 5] La figure 5 est une vue en coupe partielle d'une structure de trou d'homme selon un deuxième mode de réalisation.
  • [Fig. 6] La figure 6 est une vue en coupe d'un dispositif de fixation traversé par une conduite d'apport en gaz neutre selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi de plafond étant représentée.
  • [Fig. 7] La figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'un dispositif de fixation traversé par une conduite d'apport en gaz neutre selon un autre mode de réalisation.
  • [Fig. 8] La figure 8 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'un navire méthanier comprenant une installation de stockage et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve.
The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and not limitation. , with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • [ Fig. 1 ] The figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a storage facility according to a first embodiment, comprising on the ceiling wall a dome structure and a manhole structure.
  • [ Fig. 2 ] The picture 2 is a cutaway perspective view of detail II of the figure 1 , representing the dome structure
  • [ Fig. 3 ] The picture 3 is a sectional view of detail II of the figure 1 , representing the dome structure.
  • [ Fig. 4 ] The figure 4 is a sectional view of detail IV of the figure 1 , representing the manhole structure.
  • [ Fig. 5 ] The figure 5 is a partial sectional view of a manhole structure according to a second embodiment.
  • [ Fig. 6 ] The figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a fixing device traversed by an inert gas supply pipe according to one embodiment, the ceiling wall being represented.
  • [ Fig. 7 ] The figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fixing device traversed by a neutral gas supply line according to another embodiment.
  • [ Fig. 8 ] The figure 8 is a cutaway diagrammatic representation of an LNG carrier comprising a storage facility and a loading/unloading terminal for this tank.

Description des modes de réalisationDescription of embodiments

Dans la présente demande, les termes « interne » et « externe » désignent des positions relatives d'éléments de l'installation de stockage par rapport à l'intérieur de la cuve, les éléments dits internes étant plus proches de l'intérieur de la cuve que les éléments dits externes.In the present application, the terms "internal" and "external" designate relative positions of elements of the storage installation with respect to the interior of the tank, the so-called internal elements being closer to the interior of the tank than the so-called external elements.

L'installation de stockage 71 pour gaz liquéfié comporte une structure porteuse 3, par exemple formée par la double coque 72 d'un navire 70, telle que représentée sur la figure 8, et d'une cuve 1 qui est logée à l'intérieur de la structure porteuse 3, telle que représentée sur la figure 1.The storage installation 71 for liquefied gas comprises a supporting structure 3, for example formed by the double hull 72 of a ship 70, as represented on the figure 8 , and a tank 1 which is housed inside the support structure 3, as shown in the figure 1 .

La cuve 1 est une cuve à membranes permettant de stocker du gaz liquéfié. La cuve 1 présente une structure multicouche, représentée notamment en figure 5, et comportant, depuis l'extérieur vers l'intérieur selon une direction d'épaisseur de paroi, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2 comportant des éléments isolants reposant contre la structure porteuse 3, une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 4 reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 5 comportant des éléments isolants reposant contre la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 4 et une membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve 1. La membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 définit un espace interne 7 destiné à recevoir le gaz liquéfié. A titre d'exemple, de telles cuves à membranes sont notamment décrites dans les demandes de brevet WO14057221 , FR2691520 et FR2877638 visant respectivement les technologies Mark V®, Mark III® et NO96® développées par la demanderesse.Tank 1 is a membrane tank for storing liquefied gas. Vessel 1 has a multilayer structure, represented in particular by figure 5 , and comprising, from the outside inwards along a direction of wall thickness, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprising insulating elements resting against the supporting structure 3, a secondary sealing membrane 4 resting against the thermally insulating barrier secondary insulating barrier 2, a primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4 and a primary sealing membrane 6 intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank 1. The primary sealing membrane 6 defines an internal space 7 intended to receive the liquefied gas. By way of example, such membrane tanks are described in particular in the patent applications WO14057221 , FR2691520 and FR2877638 aimed respectively at the Mark V ® , Mark III ® and NO96 ® technologies developed by the applicant.

Sur le mode de réalisation illustré en figure 6, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 4 comporte une pluralité de virures parallèles. Chaque virure comporte une portion centrale plane reposant sur une surface supérieure des éléments isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2 et deux bords relevés faisant saillie vers la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 par rapport à la portion centrale. Les virures sont juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche au niveau des bords relevés. Des ailes d'ancrage ancrées aux éléments isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2 sont agencées entre les virures juxtaposées pour retenir la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 4 sur la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2. La membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 est composée de tôles ondulées en acier inoxydable assemblées les unes aux autres de sorte à former une nappe continue de tôles. La nappe continue de tôle présente deux séries d'ondulations mutuellement perpendiculaires.In the embodiment illustrated in figure 6 , the secondary sealing membrane 4 comprises a plurality of parallel strakes. Each strake has a flat central portion resting on an upper surface of the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 and two raised edges projecting towards the primary sealing membrane 6 with respect to the central portion. The strakes are juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together tightly at the raised edges. Anchor wings anchored to the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 are arranged between the juxtaposed strakes to retain the secondary sealing membrane 4 on the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2. The primary sealing membrane 6 is composed of corrugated stainless steel assembled together to form a continuous layer of sheets. The continuous sheet metal sheet has two series of mutually perpendicular corrugations.

Le gaz liquéfié destiné à être stocké dans la cuve 1 peut notamment être un gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), c'est-à-dire un mélange gazeux comportant majoritairement du méthane ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs autres hydrocarbures. Le gaz liquéfié peut également être de l'éthane ou un gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL), c'est-à-dire un mélange d'hydrocarbures issu du raffinage du pétrole comportant essentiellement du propane et du butane.The liquefied gas intended to be stored in the tank 1 can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture mainly comprising methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons. The liquefied gas can also be ethane or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons resulting from petroleum refining comprising essentially propane and butane.

La cuve 1 est une cuve polyédrique comportant notamment une paroi de plafond 8 fixée à une paroi porteuse supérieure 9 de la structure porteuse 3, et une paroi de fond 10 fixée à une paroi porteuse inférieure 11 de la structure porteuse 3.The tank 1 is a polyhedral tank comprising in particular a ceiling wall 8 fixed to an upper load-bearing wall 9 of the load-bearing structure 3, and a bottom wall 10 fixed to a lower load-bearing wall 11 of the load-bearing structure 3.

La figure 1 représente une partie de l'installation de stockage 71 pour laquelle seule une portion de la paroi de plafond 8 et une portion de la paroi de fond 9 correspondante ont été représentées.The figure 1 represents a part of the storage installation 71 for which only a portion of the ceiling wall 8 and a portion of the corresponding bottom wall 9 have been represented.

Comme visible sur la figure 1, l'installation de stockage 71 comprend deux structures traversantes 12, 13 passant au travers d'ouvertures 14, 15 réalisées dans la paroi de plafond 8 et la paroi porteuse supérieure 9. La première structure traversante est une structure de dôme 12 passant au travers d'une première ouverture 14 et la deuxième structure traversante est une structure de trou d'homme passant au travers d'une deuxième ouverture 15. La première ouverture 14 et la deuxième ouverture 15 sont distantes l'une de l'autre comme représenté sur la figure 1.As seen on the figure 1 , the storage facility 71 comprises two through structures 12, 13 passing through openings 14, 15 made in the ceiling wall 8 and the upper load-bearing wall 9. The first through structure is a dome structure 12 passing through of a first opening 14 and the second through structure is a manhole structure passing through a second opening 15. The first opening 14 and the second opening 15 are spaced from each other as shown in the figure 1 .

La structure de dôme 12 permet notamment de prévoir une traversée étanche de la paroi de plafond 8 pour les conduites de chargement et de déchargement 14, 15 en gaz liquéfié. La structure de trou d'homme 13, quant à elle, permet de conserver un accès pour un opérateur qui mène à l'espace interne 7 de la cuve 1, par exemple pour des opérations de réparation.The dome structure 12 makes it possible in particular to provide a sealed crossing of the ceiling wall 8 for the loading and unloading pipes 14, 15 of liquefied gas. The manhole structure 13, for its part, makes it possible to maintain access for an operator who leads to the internal space 7 of the tank 1, for example for repair operations.

Ainsi, la conduite de chargement 14 et la conduite de déchargement 15 débouchent dans l'espace interne 7 de la cuve 1 afin de charger ou décharger celle-ci en gaz liquéfié. De plus comme visible sur la figure 1, il est prévu un pied de support 16 fixé à la paroi de fond 10 et qui est muni d'un dispositif de guidage 17 venant encercler une extrémité de la conduite de chargement 14 et une extrémité de la conduite de déchargement 15, de sorte à maintenir les conduites de chargement et de déchargement 14, 15 dans l'axe de la structure de dôme 12.Thus, the loading line 14 and the unloading line 15 open into the internal space 7 of the tank 1 in order to load or unload the latter with liquefied gas. Also as visible on the figure 1 , there is provided a support foot 16 fixed to the bottom wall 10 and which is provided with a guide device 17 encircling one end of the loading pipe 14 and one end of the unloading pipe 15, so as to maintain the loading and unloading pipes 14, 15 in the axis of the dome structure 12.

Il va être décrit par la suite plus en détail les structures traversantes 12, 13 et notamment leur fixation à la structure porteuse 3.The through structures 12, 13 and in particular their attachment to the support structure 3 will be described below in more detail.

Les figures 2 et 3 représentent plus en détails la structure dôme 12 tandis que les figures 4 et 5 représentent plus en détails la structure de trou d'homme 13.The figures 2 and 3 represent in more detail the dome structure 12 while the figures 4 and 5 represent in more detail the manhole structure 13.

Les structures traversantes, à savoir la structure de dôme 12 et la structure de trou d'homme 13, décrites par la suite ont des structures sensiblement similaires et ne différent l'une de l'autre que par leur usage, les éléments qui les traversent, et potentiellement leur dimensionnement. De plus, la structure de trou d'homme 13 est munie d'un couvercle amovible contrairement à la structure de dôme 12.The traversing structures, namely the dome structure 12 and the manhole structure 13, described below have substantially similar structures and differ from each other only in their use, the elements which pass through them , and potentially their sizing. In addition, the manhole structure 13 is provided with a removable cover unlike the dome structure 12.

Ainsi, la structure traversante 12, 13 comporte un fût interne 18 qui s'étend selon la direction d'épaisseur de paroi et qui traverse la paroi porteuse supérieure 9 et la paroi de plafond 8. Le fût interne 18 est de forme cylindrique à section circulaire. Le fût interne 18 est soudé de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 et est soudé à la paroi porteuse supérieure 9 au moyen d'un dispositif de fixation 19.Thus, the traversing structure 12, 13 comprises an internal shaft 18 which extends along the wall thickness direction and which crosses the upper bearing wall 9 and the ceiling wall 8. The internal shaft 18 is of cylindrical shape with section circular. The inner barrel 18 is welded in a tight manner to the primary sealing membrane 6 and is welded to the upper load-bearing wall 9 by means of a fixing device 19.

Le dispositif de fixation 19 comporte :

  • un anneau de fixation 20 qui est disposé à l'extérieur de la paroi porteuse supérieure 9 et qui est soudé autour du fût interne 18,
  • une collerette de fixation 21 qui s'étend radialement autour et à distance du fût interne 18 et qui est soudée autour de l'ouverture 23 à la paroi porteuse supérieure 9,
  • un tube externe de support 22 qui s'étend autour du fût interne 18 et qui est soudé d'une part à la collerette de fixation 21 et d'autre part à l'anneau de fixation 20 de manière à assurer le support du fût interne 18.
The fixing device 19 comprises:
  • a fixing ring 20 which is arranged outside the upper load-bearing wall 9 and which is welded around the internal barrel 18,
  • a fixing collar 21 which extends radially around and at a distance from the internal barrel 18 and which is welded around the opening 23 to the upper bearing wall 9,
  • an outer support tube 22 which extends around the inner shaft 18 and which is welded with a hand to the fixing collar 21 and on the other hand to the fixing ring 20 so as to ensure the support of the internal shaft 18.

Le dispositif de fixation 19 permet d'autoriser la contraction radiale et longitudinale du fût interne 18. En effet, par exemple en cas de contraction du fût interne 18 liée au passage du gaz liquéfié dans celui-ci, le dispositif de fixation 19 va accompagner la déformation du fût interne 18 en se déformant lui-même de sorte à limiter les sollicitations sur la paroi porteuse supérieure 9, les soudures ou le fût interne 18.The fixing device 19 enables the radial and longitudinal contraction of the inner barrel 18 to be authorized. the deformation of the inner barrel 18 by deforming itself so as to limit the stresses on the upper load-bearing wall 9, the welds or the inner barrel 18.

Comme visibles sur les figures 2 à 5, l'anneau de fixation 20 comporte une plaque annulaire interne 24 et une plaque annulaire externe 25 formées et soudées tout autour du fut interne 18. Les plaques annulaires 24 sont situées dans des plans parallèles à la collerette de fixation 21, et sont distantes l'une de l'autre. Une extrémité du tube externe 22 est soudée à la plaque annulaire interne 24. L'anneau de fixation 20 comporte de plus des raidisseurs 26 fixés d'une part à la plaque annulaire interne 24 et d'autre part à la plaque annulaire externe 25. Les raidisseurs 26 sont par exemple des plaques formées dans un plan orthogonal aux plaques annulaires 24, 25, un côté des raidisseurs étant en contact avec le fût interne 18. Les raidisseurs 26 sont répartis tout autour du fut interne 18 de sorte à rigidifier l'anneau de fixation 20.As seen on the figures 2 to 5 , the fixing ring 20 comprises an internal annular plate 24 and an external annular plate 25 formed and welded all around the internal shaft 18. The annular plates 24 are located in planes parallel to the fixing collar 21, and are spaced apart l each other. One end of the outer tube 22 is welded to the inner annular plate 24. The fixing ring 20 further comprises stiffeners 26 fixed on the one hand to the inner annular plate 24 and on the other hand to the outer annular plate 25. The stiffeners 26 are for example plates formed in a plane orthogonal to the annular plates 24, 25, one side of the stiffeners being in contact with the internal shaft 18. The stiffeners 26 are distributed all around the internal shaft 18 so as to stiffen the fixing ring 20.

La collerette de fixation 21 est composée d'une plaque plane formée dans le même plan qu'au moins une tôle porteuse bordant l'ouverture 23 et est soudée à ladite au moins une tôle porteuse de la paroi porteuse supérieure 9. La collerette de fixation 21 est de forme annulaire et comporte un contour externe soudé à la paroi porteuse supérieure 9 et un contour interne situé à distance du fut interne 18. Le tube externe 22 est soudé à la collerette de fixation 21 à distance du contour interne de sorte qu'une portion de collerette de fixation 27 fasse saillie du tube externe 22 en direction du fut interne 18. Ceci permet de faciliter le soudage du tube externe 22 sur la collerette de fixation 21.The fixing flange 21 is made up of a flat plate formed in the same plane as at least one supporting sheet bordering the opening 23 and is welded to said at least one supporting sheet of the upper supporting wall 9. The fixing flange 21 is annular in shape and has an outer contour welded to the upper load-bearing wall 9 and an internal contour located at a distance from the internal shaft 18. The external tube 22 is welded to the fixing flange 21 at a distance from the internal contour so that a portion of fixing flange 27 protrudes from the outer tube 22 in the direction of the internal shaft 18. This facilitates the welding of the outer tube 22 on the fixing flange 21.

Afin d'aider à la fixation de la collerette de fixation 21 à la paroi porteuse supérieure 9, des taquets de support 39 sont fixés tout autour de la collerette de fixation 21 et font saillie du contour externe de la collerette de fixation 21, dans une direction opposée au fût interne 18, afin de venir se placer sur la paroi porteuse supérieure 9 lors de la fixation de la structure traversante 12, 13.In order to help fixing the fixing flange 21 to the upper load-bearing wall 9, support cleats 39 are fixed all around the fixing flange 21 and project from the outer contour of the fixing flange 21, in a direction opposite to the internal barrel 18, in order to come to rest on the upper load-bearing wall 9 during the fixing of the through structure 12, 13.

Concernant les particularités de la structure de dôme 12, celle-ci est illustrée plus en détails en figures 2 et 3. La structure de dôme 12 comporte un plafond 28 bombé et soudée à une extrémité du fût interne 18 faisant saillie à l'extérieur de la cuve 1. Ainsi, dans le cas de la structure de dôme 12, le plafond 28 et le fût interne 18 sont indissociable l'un de l'autre après fixation. Le fût interne 18 et le plafond 28 sont recouvert de garniture isolante 40 sur leur surface extérieure faisant saillie de la paroi porteuse supérieure afin de former une continuité thermique avec l'isolation thermique de la cuve 1.Regarding the particularities of the dome structure 12, this is illustrated in more detail in figures 2 and 3 . The dome structure 12 comprises a ceiling 28 domed and welded to one end of the internal shaft 18 projecting outside the tank 1. Thus, in the case of the dome structure 12, the ceiling 28 and the internal shaft 18 are inseparable from each other after fixing. The internal shaft 18 and the ceiling 28 are covered with insulating packing 40 on their outer surface protruding from the upper load-bearing wall in order to form thermal continuity with the thermal insulation of tank 1.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré en figures 1 à 3, la structure dôme 12 comporte une conduite de chargement 29 et une conduite de déchargement 30 en gaz liquéfié. La conduite de déchargement 30 passe au travers du plafond 28 et se poursuit à l'intérieur du fût interne 18 afin d'atteindre l'espace interne 7 de la cuve 1. La conduite de chargement 29 passe au travers du fût interne 18 et se poursuit à l'intérieur du fût interne 18 afin d'atteindre l'espace interne 7 de la cuve. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la structure de dôme peut également comporter des capteurs de niveau 34 permettant de mesurer le niveau de gaz liquéfié dans la cuve 1 ainsi qu'une conduite de sécurité 42.In the embodiment illustrated in figures 1 to 3 , the dome structure 12 comprises a loading line 29 and an unloading line 30 of liquefied gas. The unloading pipe 30 passes through the ceiling 28 and continues inside the internal drum 18 in order to reach the internal space 7 of the tank 1. The loading pipe 29 passes through the internal drum 18 and continues inside the internal barrel 18 in order to reach the internal space 7 of the tank. In this embodiment, the dome structure can also include level sensors 34 for measuring the level of liquefied gas in the tank 1 as well as a safety pipe 42.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation non illustré, la structure de dôme 12 peut comporter, à la place des capteurs de niveau et de la conduite de sécurité, un système de pulvérisation en gaz liquéfié permettant de pulvériser du gaz liquéfié dans la cuve 1 avant le chargement de la cuve 1 afin de refroidir l'espace interne 7, ainsi qu'une conduite d'évacuation de vapeur permettant d'évacuer le gaz en phase vapeur de l'espace interne 7 afin de l'amener par exemple vers le système de propulsion d'un navire ou une unité de reliquéfaction.In another embodiment not illustrated, the dome structure 12 may comprise, instead of the level sensors and the safety pipe, a liquefied gas spraying system making it possible to spray liquefied gas into the tank 1 before the loading of the tank 1 in order to cool the internal space 7, as well as a vapor evacuation pipe making it possible to evacuate the gas in the vapor phase from the internal space 7 in order to bring it for example towards the system of propulsion of a ship or a reliquefaction unit.

Concernant les particularités de la structure de trou d'homme 13, celle-ci est illustrée plus en détails en figures 4 et 5 selon deux variantes de réalisation. La structure de trou d'homme 13 comporte un plafond 28 bombé et fixé de manière amovible à une extrémité du fût interne 18 faisant saillie à l'extérieur de la cuve 1, par exemple à l'aide d'un système de fixation 31 formé d'un cerclage boulonné. Ainsi, dans le cas de la structure de trou d'homme 13, le plafond 28 forme un couvercle de la structure de trou d'homme 13 situé sur le fût interne 18.Regarding the particularities of the manhole structure 13, this is illustrated in more detail in figures 4 and 5 according to two variant embodiments. The manhole structure 13 comprises a domed ceiling 28 removably fixed to one end of the internal barrel 18 projecting outside the tank 1, for example using a fixing system 31 formed of a bolted strapping. Thus, in the case of the manhole structure 13, the ceiling 28 forms a cover of the manhole structure 13 located on the internal shaft 18.

Dans le mode illustré en figure 4, la structure de trou d'homme 13 comporte un système de pulvérisation en gaz liquéfié 32 permettant de pulvériser du gaz liquéfié dans la cuve 1 avant le chargement de la cuve 1 afin de refroidir l'espace interne 7, ainsi qu'une conduite d'évacuation de vapeur 33 permettant d'évacuer le gaz en phase vapeur de l'espace interne 7 afin de l'amener par exemple vers le système de propulsion d'un navire ou une unité de reliquéfaction. Le système de pulvérisation 32 et la conduite d'évacuation de vapeur 33 traversent le plafond 28 en y étant solidaires et se poursuivent dans le fût interne 18 pour atteindre l'espace interne 7 de la cuve 1. En retirant le plafond 28 lors de réparation par exemple, le système de pulvérisation 32 et la conduite d'évacuation de vapeur 33 sont également retirés.In the mode shown in figure 4 , the manhole structure 13 comprises a liquefied gas spraying system 32 for spraying liquefied gas into the tank 1 before loading the tank 1 in order to cool the internal space 7, as well as a pipe for evacuation of vapor 33 making it possible to evacuate the gas in the vapor phase from the internal space 7 in order to bring it, for example, to the propulsion system of a ship or a reliquefaction unit. The spraying system 32 and the steam evacuation pipe 33 pass through the ceiling 28 by being integral there and continue in the internal barrel 18 to reach the internal space 7 of the tank 1. By removing the ceiling 28 during repair for example, the spray system 32 and the steam exhaust line 33 are also removed.

Dans le mode illustré en figure 5, la structure de trou d'homme 13 comporte des capteurs de niveau 34 permettant de mesurer le niveau de gaz liquéfié dans la cuve 1 ainsi qu'une conduite de sécurité (non illustrée). Les capteurs de niveau 34 traversent le plafond 28 et sont situés en partie à l'intérieur du fût interne 18. Les capteurs de niveau 34 sont par exemple des capteurs optiques, dirigés vers le fond de la cuve 1. En retirant le plafond 28 lors de réparation par exemple, les capteurs de niveau 34 sont également retirés.In the mode shown in figure 5 , the manhole structure 13 includes level sensors 34 for measuring the level of liquefied gas in the tank 1 as well as a safety pipe (not shown). The level sensors 34 pass through the ceiling 28 and are located partly inside the internal barrel 18. The level sensors 34 are for example optical sensors, directed towards the bottom of the tank 1. By removing the ceiling 28 during repair, for example, the level sensors 34 are also removed.

Les barrières thermiquement isolante 2, 5 d'une cuve 1 de gaz liquéfié sont parcourus par un gaz neutre tel que l'azote afin de notamment de les inerter et/ou de détecter une fuite dans l'une des membranes d'étanchéité 4, 6. Afin d'apporter ce gaz neutre à l'intérieur de ces barrières 2, 5, l'installation de stockage 71 comporte au moins une conduite d'apport en gaz neutre 35 qui traverse le dispositif de fixation 19, comme illustrés en figures 5 et 6.The thermally insulating barriers 2, 5 of a tank 1 of liquefied gas are traversed by an inert gas such as nitrogen in order in particular to inert them and/or to detect a leak in one of the sealing membranes 4, 6. In order to bring this neutral gas inside these barriers 2, 5, the storage installation 71 comprises at least one neutral gas supply line 35 which passes through the fixing device 19, as illustrated in figure 5 and 6 .

Dans la variante illustrée en figure 6, la conduite d'apport en gaz neutre 35 traverse le dispositif de fixation 19 au niveau de la plaque annulaire interne 24 et de la portion de collerette de fixation 27, tandis que dans la variante illustrée en figure 7, la conduite d'apport en gaz neutre 35 traverse le dispositif de fixation 19 au niveau du tube externe 22 et de la portion de collerette de fixation 27.In the variant illustrated in figure 6 , the inert gas supply pipe 35 passes through the fixing device 19 at the level of the internal annular plate 24 and the fixing flange portion 27, while in the variant illustrated in figure 7 , the inert gas supply line 35 passes through the fixing device 19 at the level of the outer tube 22 and the fixing collar portion 27.

La figure 6 permet également d'illustrer comment sont réalisées les fermetures des membranes d'étanchéité primaire 6 et secondaire 4 au niveau d'une structure traversante 12, 13.The figure 6 also illustrates how the closures of the primary 6 and secondary 4 sealing membranes are made at the level of a through structure 12, 13.

En effet, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 4 est interrompue à distance du fût interne 18 et est fixée à la collerette de fixation 21 par l'intermédiaire d'un anneau de raccordement 36 tout autour du fût interne 18. La membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 4 est donc soudée à l'anneau de raccordement 36 tout autour du fût interne 18.Indeed, the secondary sealing membrane 4 is interrupted at a distance from the internal barrel 18 and is fixed to the fixing flange 21 via a connection ring 36 all around the internal barrel 18. The sealing membrane secondary 4 is therefore welded to the connection ring 36 all around the internal barrel 18.

Par ailleurs, un raidisseur circulaire 37 fait saillie vers l'extérieur depuis la surface externe de la collerette de fixation 21. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le raidisseur circulaire 37 s'étend dans le prolongement de l'anneau de raccordement 18.Furthermore, a circular stiffener 37 protrudes outwards from the outer surface of the fixing flange 21. In the embodiment shown, the circular stiffener 37 extends in the extension of the connection ring 18.

La membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 est également interrompue à distance du fût interne 18. La structure traversante 12, 13 comporte une collerette de raccordement 38 située dans l'espace interne 7 de la cuve 1 et soudée tout autour du fût interne 18. La membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 est soudée directement à la collerette de raccordement 38 tout autour de celle-ci Dans un autre mode de réalisation non illustré, la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 6 peut être soudée à la collerette de raccordement 38 par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque de raccordement.The primary sealing membrane 6 is also interrupted at a distance from the internal barrel 18. The through structure 12, 13 comprises a connection flange 38 located in the internal space 7 of the tank 1 and welded all around the internal barrel 18. The primary sealing membrane 6 is welded directly to the connecting flange 38 all around the latter. In another embodiment not illustrated, the membrane primary sealing 6 can be welded to the connection flange 38 via a connection plate.

Sur la figure 6, des éléments isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2 et de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 5 sont représentés schématiquement. Ces éléments isolants peuvent par exemple être formés d'une couche de mousse polymère, telle qu'une mousse polyuréthane renforcée de fibres, sur laquelle peut être fixée une plaque supérieure et/ou une plaque inférieure en contreplaqué.On the figure 6 , insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 and of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 are shown schematically. These insulating elements can for example be formed from a layer of polymer foam, such as a fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam, on which can be fixed an upper plate and/or a lower plywood plate.

Exemple de dimensionnement :

  • diamètre du fût interne 18 : environ 1160 mm
  • hauteur saillante de la structure de dôme 12 à l'extérieur de la cuve 1 : environ 1420 mm,
  • hauteur saillante de la structure de trou d'homme 13 à l'extérieur de la cuve 1 : environ 1400 mm,
  • diamètre extérieure de la collerette de fixation 21 : environ 1970 mm.
Sizing example:
  • internal barrel diameter 18: approx. 1160 mm
  • projecting height of the dome structure 12 outside the tank 1: approximately 1420 mm,
  • projecting height of the manhole structure 13 outside the tank 1: about 1400 mm,
  • external diameter of the fixing collar 21: approximately 1970 mm.

En référence à la figure 8, une vue écorchée d'un navire méthanier 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 1 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La double coque 72 comporte une coque interne et une coque externe. La paroi de la cuve 1 comporte une membrane étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une membrane étanche secondaire agencée entre la membrane étanche primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la membrane étanche primaire et la membrane étanche secondaire et entre la membrane étanche secondaire et la double coque 72.With reference to the figure 8 , a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 1 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The double shell 72 comprises an inner shell and an outer shell. The wall of the tank 1 comprises a primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary waterproof membrane arranged between the primary waterproof membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproof membrane and the secondary waterproof membrane and between the secondary waterproof membrane and the double hull 72.

De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 1.In a manner known per se, loading/unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 1.

La figure 8 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement.The figure 8 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipeline 76 and an installation on land 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a mobile arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74. The mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading/unloading pipes 73. The orientable mobile arm 74 adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers. A connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the shore installation 77. This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.

Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75.To generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and/or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and/or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention.

L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication.The use of the verb "to comprise", "to understand" or "to include" and of its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those set out in a claim.

Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims (17)

Installation de stockage (71) pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une structure porteuse (3) et une cuve (1) étanche et thermiquement isolante agencée dans la structure porteuse (3), la structure porteuse (3) comprenant une paroi porteuse supérieure (9) et la cuve (1) comprenant une paroi de plafond (8), la paroi de plafond (8) étant fixée à la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) de la structure porteuse (3), dans laquelle la paroi de plafond (8) comporte, dans une direction d'épaisseur de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de la cuve (1), au moins une barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5) et au moins une membrane d'étanchéité (4, 6) supportée par la barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5) et destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve (1), dans laquelle l'installation de stockage (71) comporte une structure traversante (12, 13) passant au travers d'une ouverture (23) réalisée dans la paroi de plafond (8) et dans la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) dans laquelle la structure traversante (12, 13) comporte un fût interne (18) qui s'étend selon ladite direction d'épaisseur et qui traverse la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) et la paroi de plafond (8), ledit fût interne (18) étant soudé de manière étanche à la membrane d'étanchéité et étant fixé à la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) au moyen d'un dispositif de fixation (19), et dans laquelle le dispositif de fixation (19) comporte : - un anneau de fixation (20) qui est disposé à l'extérieur de la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) de la structure porteuse (3) et qui est soudé autour du fût interne (18), - une collerette de fixation (21) qui s'étend radialement autour et à distance du fût interne (18) et qui est soudée autour de l'ouverture à la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) de la structure porteuse (3), - un tube externe (22) de support qui s'étend autour du fût interne (18) et qui est soudé d'une part à la collerette de fixation (21) et d'autre part à l'anneau de fixation (20) de manière à assurer le support du fût interne (18), le dispositif de fixation (19) étant configuré pour permettre la contraction radiale et longitudinale du fût interne (18). Storage installation (71) for liquefied gas comprising a supporting structure (3) and a sealed and thermally insulating tank (1) arranged in the supporting structure (3), the supporting structure (3) comprising an upper supporting wall (9) and the tank (1) comprising a ceiling wall (8), the ceiling wall (8) being fixed to the upper load-bearing wall (9) of the load-bearing structure (3), wherein the ceiling wall (8) comprises, in a direction of thickness from the outside towards the inside of the tank (1), at least one thermally insulating barrier (2, 5) and at least one sealing (4, 6) supported by the thermally insulating barrier (2, 5) and intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank (1), in which the storage installation (71) comprises a traversing structure (12, 13) passing through an opening (23) made in the ceiling wall (8) and in the upper load-bearing wall (9) wherein the traversing structure (12, 13) comprises an internal shaft (18) which extends along said direction of thickness and which passes through the upper load-bearing wall (9) and the ceiling wall (8), said internal shaft ( 18) being welded tightly to the sealing membrane and being fixed to the upper load-bearing wall (9) by means of a fixing device (19), and wherein the securing device (19) comprises: - a fixing ring (20) which is arranged outside the upper load-bearing wall (9) of the load-bearing structure (3) and which is welded around the internal shaft (18), - a fixing collar (21) which extends radially around and at a distance from the internal shaft (18) and which is welded around the opening to the upper bearing wall (9) of the bearing structure (3), - an outer support tube (22) which extends around the inner shaft (18) and which is welded on the one hand to the fixing flange (21) and on the other hand to the fixing ring (20) so as to provide support for the inner barrel (18), the fixing device (19) being configured to allow the radial and longitudinal contraction of the inner barrel (18). Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la collerette de fixation (21) est de forme annulaire et comporte un contour externe soudé à la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) de la structure porteuse (3) et un contour interne situé à distance du fût interne, le tube externe (22) étant soudé à la collerette de fixation (21) à distance du contour interne de sorte qu'une portion de collerette de fixation (27) fasse saillie du tube externe (22) en direction du fût interne (18).Storage installation (71) according to claim 1, in which the fixing flange (21) is of annular shape and comprises an external contour welded to the upper bearing wall (9) of the bearing structure (3) and an internal contour located at a distance from the internal barrel, the external tube (22) being welded to the fixing flange (21) at a distance from the internal contour so that a fixing flange portion (27) protrudes from the external tube (22) in the direction of the inner barrel (18). Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle le tube externe (22) et le fût interne (18) sont coaxiaux, le tube externe (22) étant compris dans la direction d'épaisseur entre la collerette de fixation (21) et l'anneau de fixation (20).Storage installation (71) according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the outer tube (22) and the inner barrel (18) are coaxial, the outer tube (22) being included in the direction of thickness between the flange fixing (21) and the fixing ring (20). Installation de stockage (71) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle l'anneau de fixation (20) comporte une plaque annulaire (24) formée et soudée tout autour du fût interne (18), la plaque annulaire (24) étant située dans un plan parallèle à la collerette de fixation (21), une extrémité du tube externe (22) étant soudée à la plaque annulaire.Storage installation (71) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the fixing ring (20) comprises an annular plate (24) formed and welded all around the internal shaft (18), the annular plate (24 ) being located in a plane parallel to the fixing flange (21), one end of the outer tube (22) being welded to the annular plate. Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle l'installation de stockage (71) comporte une conduite d'apport en gaz neutre (35), le dispositif de fixation (19) étant traversé par la conduite d'apport en gaz neutre au niveau de la plaque annulaire et de ladite portion de collerette de fixation (27) de sorte à raccorder en gaz neutre la barrière thermiquement isolante sans avoir à traverser le fût interne (18) ou la paroi porteuse supérieure (9) de la structure porteuse (3).Storage installation (71) according to claim 4, in which the storage installation (71) comprises an inert gas supply pipe (35), the fixing device (19) being crossed by the inert gas supply pipe. neutral gas at the level of the annular plate and of the said portion of fixing collar (27) so as to connect the thermally insulating barrier in neutral gas without having to cross the internal shaft (18) or the upper load-bearing wall (9) of the supporting structure (3). Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, dans laquelle la plaque annulaire est une plaque annulaire interne (24), et l'anneau de fixation (20) comporte une plaque annulaire externe (25) formée et soudée tout autour du fût interne, la plaque annulaire externe (25) étant située dans un plan parallèle à la plaque annulaire interne (24), et dans laquelle l'anneau de fixation (20) comporte des raidisseurs (26) fixés d'une part à la plaque annulaire interne (24) et d'autre part à la plaque annulaire externe (25), les raidisseurs (26) étant répartis tout autour du fût interne de sorte à rigidifier l'anneau de fixation (20).A storage facility (71) according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the annular plate is an inner annular plate (24), and the securing ring (20) comprises an outer annular plate (25) formed and welded around the inner barrel, the outer annular plate (25) being located in a plane parallel to the inner annular plate (24), and in which the fixing ring (20) comprises stiffeners (26) fixed on the one hand to the internal annular plate (24) and on the other hand to the external annular plate (25), the stiffeners (26) being distributed all around the internal barrel so as to stiffen the fixing ring (20). Installation de stockage (71) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle la membrane d'étanchéité est une membrane d'étanchéité primaire (6) et la barrière thermiquement isolante est une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (5), la paroi de plafond (8) comportant, dans la direction d'épaisseur de paroi de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de la cuve (1), une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (2) fixée à la paroi porteuse supérieure (9), une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (4) supportée par la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire, ladite barrière thermiquement isolante primaire supportée par la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, et ladite membrane d'étanchéité primaire supportée par la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire.Storage installation (71) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the sealing membrane is a primary sealing membrane (6) and the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermally insulating barrier (5), the wall ceiling (8) comprising, in the wall thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the tank (1), a secondary thermally insulating barrier (2) fixed to the upper load-bearing wall (9), a membrane secondary sealing membrane (4) supported by the secondary thermally insulating barrier, said primary thermally insulating barrier supported by the secondary sealing membrane, and said primary sealing membrane supported by the primary thermally insulating barrier. Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle la structure traversante (12, 13) comporte une collerette de raccordement (38) située à l'intérieur de la cuve (1) et soudée tout autour du fût interne (18), la membrane d'étanchéité primaire (6) étant interrompue à distance du fût interne (18) et étant soudée tout autour de la collerette de raccordement (38) par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque de raccordement.Storage installation (71) according to claim 7, in which the traversing structure (12, 13) comprises a connecting collar (38) located inside the tank (1) and welded all around the internal barrel (18) , the membrane primary sealing (6) being interrupted at a distance from the internal shaft (18) and being welded all around the connection flange (38) by means of a connection plate. Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans laquelle la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (4) est interrompue à distance du fût interne (18), la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire (4) étant fixée à la collerette de fixation (21) par l'intermédiaire d'un anneau de raccordement (36) s'étendant tout autour du fût interne (18).Storage installation (71) according to claim 7 or 8, in which the secondary sealing membrane (4) is interrupted at a distance from the internal barrel (18), the secondary sealing membrane (4) being fixed to the flange of fixing (21) by means of a connection ring (36) extending all around the internal barrel (18). Installation de stockage (71) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, comportant un raidisseur circulaire (37) qui fait saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve (1) depuis une surface externe de la collerette de fixation (21).Storage installation (71) according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, comprising a circular stiffener (37) which projects towards the outside of the tank (1) from an external surface of the fixing flange (21). Installation de stockage (71) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle la structure traversante (12, 13) comporte un plafond (28) bombé, le plafond (28) bombé étant fixé à une extrémité du fût interne (18) faisant saillie à l'extérieur de la cuve (1).Storage installation (71) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, in which the traversing structure (12, 13) comprises a domed ceiling (28), the domed ceiling (28) being fixed to one end of the internal shaft (18 ) protruding outside the tank (1). Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle la structure traversante (12, 13) comporte au moins une conduite parmi une conduite de chargement (29) en gaz liquéfié et une conduite de déchargement (30) en gaz liquéfié, l'au moins une conduite (29, 30) traversant la paroi de plafond (8) de la cuve à l'intérieur du fût interne (18) de sorte à comporter une extrémité située à l'intérieur de la cuve (1), le plafond (28) de la structure traversante (12, 13) étant soudé à l'extrémité du fût interne (18), la structure traversante (12, 13) formant une structure de dôme (12).Storage installation (71) according to claim 11, in which the traversing structure (12, 13) comprises at least one pipe from among a liquefied gas loading pipe (29) and a liquefied gas unloading pipe (30), the at least one pipe (29, 30) passing through the ceiling wall (8) of the tank inside the internal barrel (18) so as to have one end located inside the tank (1), the ceiling (28) of the through structure (12, 13) being welded to the end of the inner shaft (18), the through structure (12, 13) forming a dome structure (12). Installation de stockage (71) selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle le plafond (28) est fixé de manière amovible à ladite extrémité du fût interne (18), la structure traversante (12, 13) formant une structure de trou d'homme (13).Storage installation (71) according to claim 11, in which the ceiling (28) is removably fixed to the said end of the internal shaft (18), the traversing structure (12, 13) forming a manhole structure ( 13). Installation de stockage (71) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, dans laquelle la structure traversante (12, 13) est une première structure traversante (12, 13) et l'ouverture est une première ouverture, et l'installation de stockage (71) comporte une deuxième structure traversante (12, 13) passant au travers d'une deuxième ouverture réalisée dans la paroi de plafond (8) et dans la paroi porteuse supérieure (9), la deuxième ouverture étant distante de la première ouverture, la première structure traversante (12, 13) formant une structure de dôme et la deuxième structure traversante (12, 13) formant une structure de trou de passage d'homme.Storage installation (71) according to one of Claims 1 to 13, in which the traversing structure (12, 13) is a first traversing structure (12, 13) and the opening is a first opening, and the installation of storage (71) comprises a second traversing structure (12, 13) passing through a second opening made in the ceiling wall (8) and in the upper load-bearing wall (9), the second opening being remote from the first opening , the first through structure (12, 13) forming a dome structure and the second through structure (12, 13) forming a manhole structure. Navire (70) pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid, le navire comportant une double coque (72) et une installation de stockage (71) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14 disposée dans la double coque.Vessel (70) for transporting a cold liquid product, the vessel comprising a double hull (72) and a storage installation (71) according to one of Claims 1 to 14 arranged in the double hull. Système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 15, des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (1) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entrainer un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve (1) du navire.Transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 15, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (1) installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or onshore storage facility (77) and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or to the floating or onshore storage facility to or from the tank (1) of the ship. Procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un navire (70) selon la revendication 15, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis la cuve (1) du navire.Method of loading or unloading a ship (70) according to claim 15, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to a floating or terrestrial storage installation ( 77) to or from the vessel's tank (1).
EP22169558.8A 2021-04-29 2022-04-22 Storage installation for liquefied gas Pending EP4083494A1 (en)

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FR2104511A FR3122477B1 (en) 2021-04-29 2021-04-29 Storage facility for liquefied gas

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JP (1) JP2022171607A (en)
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CN (1) CN115264367A (en)
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TW (1) TW202303032A (en)

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FR3122476B1 (en) 2024-04-05
FR3122477B1 (en) 2023-12-08
FR3122476A1 (en) 2022-11-04
KR20220149441A (en) 2022-11-08
FR3122477A1 (en) 2022-11-04
JP2022171607A (en) 2022-11-11
CN115264367A (en) 2022-11-01
TW202303032A (en) 2023-01-16

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