WO2021140218A1 - Storage facility for liquefied gas - Google Patents

Storage facility for liquefied gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021140218A1
WO2021140218A1 PCT/EP2021/050303 EP2021050303W WO2021140218A1 WO 2021140218 A1 WO2021140218 A1 WO 2021140218A1 EP 2021050303 W EP2021050303 W EP 2021050303W WO 2021140218 A1 WO2021140218 A1 WO 2021140218A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
cover
bearing
load
loading
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/050303
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2021140218A8 (en
Inventor
Julien COUTEAU
Edouard DUCLOY
Original Assignee
Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport Et Technigaz filed Critical Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority to KR1020227027438A priority Critical patent/KR20220125329A/en
Priority to CN202180008576.0A priority patent/CN114945770A/en
Publication of WO2021140218A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021140218A1/en
Publication of WO2021140218A8 publication Critical patent/WO2021140218A8/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/06—Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/02—Metallic materials
    • B63B2231/04—Irons, steels or ferrous alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/02—Metallic materials
    • B63B2231/04—Irons, steels or ferrous alloys
    • B63B2231/06—Stainless steels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/40—Synthetic materials
    • B63B2231/50—Foamed synthetic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
    • B63B73/40—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by joining methods
    • B63B73/43—Welding, e.g. laser welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of storage facilities for liquefied gas comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank, with membranes.
  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) exhibiting by example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
  • LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • Document FR2991430 describes a storage installation for liquefied gas comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated into a supporting structure formed by the double hull of a ship. Each wall of the tank includes a secondary thermally insulating barrier, a secondary waterproofing membrane, a primary thermally insulating barrier and a primary waterproofing membrane.
  • the tank has a protruding portion in the form of a chimney called a liquid dome.
  • the supporting structure is locally interrupted so as to delimit a loading / unloading opening intended to be crossed by fluid loading / unloading pipes.
  • the load-bearing structure comprises a vertical load-bearing wall called a coaming which rises above the ship's deck and a horizontal wall at the top of the vertical load-bearing wall, which forms a superstructure on the deck of the ship. ship called dome seat.
  • the horizontal wall of the dome seat extends all around the opening and supports a cover.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to simplify the supporting structure of the storage facility to reduce the cost and size of the facility.
  • Another idea underlying the invention is to adapt the cover to such a simplification of the storage installation.
  • the invention provides a storage installation for liquefied gas comprising a supporting structure and a sealed and thermally insulating tank arranged in the supporting structure, the sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a main structure formed by a plurality of tank walls connected to each other and fixed to the supporting structure, the main structure defining an internal storage space, the main structure comprising at least one waterproofing membrane and at least one thermally insulating barrier, the thermally insulating barrier being placed between the waterproofing membrane and the supporting structure, the supporting structure comprising a substantially planar upper supporting wall, the waterproofing membrane, the thermally insulating barrier of the main structure and the upper supporting wall being interrupted locally so as to delimit a loading / unloading opening intended to be traversed by fluid loading / unloading conduits in which the vessel has a cover disposed in the loading / unloading opening, and in which the cover comprises an upper cover wall, a lower cover wall and a structure of 'thermal insulation located between the lower cover wall and the upper
  • the storage installation does not include a dome seat and therefore a superstructure projecting from the upper bearing wall, thus making it possible to simplify the storage installation and reduce the bulk on the upper bearing wall .
  • the upper cover wall is placed in the plane of the upper bearing wall and not above it so as not to protrude above the upper bearing wall.
  • fixing, connecting, welding is understood to mean a connection between the two elements fixed together which is impermeable to liquids and to gas, for example in the case of welding using a bead continuous welding.
  • such a storage installation may include one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the cover comprises stiffeners arranged on the upper cover wall in order to increase the rigidity and the resistance of the cover, for example during the deformation of the supporting structure.
  • the upper load-bearing wall is an internal upper load-bearing wall
  • the load-bearing structure comprising an internal load-bearing structure comprising the substantially planar internal upper load-bearing wall and an external load-bearing structure comprising a substantially planar outer upper load-bearing wall arranged above the upper internal load-bearing wall, the main structure of the vessel being arranged in the internal load-bearing structure.
  • the main structure comprises a ceiling wall and a rear cofferdam wall, the cover being located in the extension of the ceiling wall.
  • the cover thus makes it possible to connect the ceiling wall to the rear cofferdam wall to the right of the opening.
  • the lower cover wall is located in the extension of the sealing membrane, more particularly the primary sealing membrane, of the ceiling wall.
  • the lower cover wall has four edges, three of said edges of the lower cover wall being connected in a sealed manner to the waterproofing membrane, more particularly the primary waterproofing membrane, of the ceiling wall using a first connecting piece.
  • a fourth edge of the lower cover wall is connected to the sealing membrane, more particularly the primary sealing membrane, of the rear cofferdam wall using a second connecting piece.
  • the upper supporting wall is an upper external supporting wall, the supporting structure comprising an internal supporting structure. comprising a substantially planar inner upper bearing wall and an outer bearing structure comprising the substantially planar outer upper bearing wall disposed above the inner upper bearing wall, the main structure of the vessel being arranged in the internal bearing structure.
  • the opening has a rectangular outline
  • the upper cover wall has dimensions in the plane of the upper bearing wall greater than those of the opening so as to overlap all around the opening on the upper bearing wall.
  • the waterproofing membrane of the main structure and the lower cover wall are made of a metallic material, the connecting piece being welded in a sealed manner to the waterproofing membrane of the main structure and the lower cover wall.
  • the lower cover wall is made of a material impermeable to gases and to liquids so that the assembly constituted by the waterproofing membrane of the main structure, the connecting piece and the wall lower cover forms the sealing membrane of the tank.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the connecting piece is equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the lower cover wall.
  • the storage installation comprises a loading / unloading tower comprising a plurality of loading / unloading pipes, the loading / unloading pipes sealingly passing through the cover by orifices formed in the cover .
  • the waterproofing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets, the corrugated metal sheets being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together in a sealed manner.
  • the metal sheets are made of stainless steel.
  • the connecting piece comprises a first wing attached to the sealing membrane of the main structure and a second wing connected to the first wing and attached to the lower cover wall.
  • the first wing and the second wing of the first connecting piece are formed in the same plane.
  • the second wing of the second connecting piece is formed in a plane parallel to the lower cover wall and the first wing of the second connecting piece is formed in a plane parallel to the membrane d sealing, more particularly the primary waterproofing membrane, of the rear wall of cofferdam.
  • the connecting piece comprises a plurality of connecting elements welded to each other so as to form a continuous piece all around the lower cover wall.
  • the connecting elements comprise first connecting elements and second connecting elements, the first connecting elements being formed by a first flat plate forming a portion of the first wing and a second flat plate forming a portion of the second wing so as to form an L-section element, the second connecting elements being formed by a first corrugated plate comprising a corrugation and forming a portion of the first wing and by a second corrugated plate comprising a corrugation and forming a portion of the second wing.
  • the corrugation of the second connecting elements is aligned with one of the corrugations of the waterproofing membrane of the main structure so as to extend the latter.
  • the first connecting elements and the second connecting elements are arranged all around the lower cover wall in an alternating manner.
  • the connecting piece comprises a third wing connected to the first wing and / or the second wing, the third wing being fixed to the supporting structure.
  • the lower cover wall comprises a plurality of flat metal plates, the flat metal plates being assembled to each other.
  • the lower cover wall is made from an alloy of iron and nickel having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 .
  • the connecting piece is made from an alloy of iron and nickel having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 .
  • the lower cover wall comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets, the corrugated metal sheets being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together in a sealed manner.
  • the metal sheets of the lower cover wall are made of stainless steel.
  • the connecting piece is made of stainless steel.
  • the thermal insulation structure of the cover comprises at least one block of polymer foam.
  • the thermal insulation structure of the cover comprises at least one block of polyurethane foam, preferably reinforced with fibers, for example glass fibers.
  • the thermal insulation structure of the cover comprises a plurality of boxes juxtaposed to each other and filled with an insulating gasket.
  • the insulating lining is made of glass wool, perlite, airgel, polymer foam or a combination of two or more of these materials.
  • the waterproofing membrane is a primary waterproofing membrane
  • the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermally insulating barrier and in which the main structure of the tank comprises, in a thickness direction of the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier fixed to the supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane carried by the secondary thermally insulating barrier, the primary thermally insulating barrier carried by the secondary waterproofing membrane, and the primary waterproofing membrane carried by the primary thermally insulating barrier being intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas.
  • Such a storage installation can be an onshore storage installation, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep water structure, in particular an LNG vessel, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • a storage installation can also serve as a fuel tank in any type of vessel.
  • a ship for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a above-mentioned storage installation arranged in the double hull.
  • the ship comprises an aforementioned storage installation and a bridge, the upper supporting wall of the supporting structure being formed by the bridge.
  • the vessel comprises an aforementioned storage installation, an internal deck and an external deck, the upper internal load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure being formed by the internal bridge and the upper external load-bearing wall being formed by the outer bridge.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to an installation external floating or terrestrial storage and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or towards the external floating or terrestrial storage installation towards or from the vessel of the vessel.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a ship, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to an external floating or terrestrial storage installation. to or from the vessel's tank.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a storage facility according to a first embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of detail II of Figure 1 showing more particularly the tank at the opening.
  • Figure 3 is a partial perspective view of the interior of the vessel at the junction between the main structure and the cover.
  • Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of the junction between the lower cover wall and the primary waterproofing membrane of the main structure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of a storage installation according to a second embodiment.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of detail VI of Figure 5 showing more particularly the tank at the opening.
  • Figure 7 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG tanker storage facility and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
  • the storage installation 1 comprises a sealed and thermally insulating tank 71 which will be described later.
  • the internal supporting structure 2 and the external supporting structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls connected to each other and in particular an internal upper bearing wall 4 and an external upper bearing wall 5 respectively, which are located, as can be seen in figure 1, at the top of the storage installation 1.
  • the supporting structure 2, 3 is formed by the double hull of the ship.
  • the inner upper load-bearing wall 4 is thus called the inner deck 4 of the ship while the outer top load-bearing wall 5 is called the outer deck 5 of the ship.
  • the tank 71 comprises a main structure 6 formed of a bottom wall (not shown), a ceiling wall 7, two cofferdam walls 8 connecting the bottom wall to the ceiling wall 7 and located at the front and rear when the storage installation 1 is located on a ship, two side walls (not shown) and optionally two to four chamfer walls (not shown) connecting the side walls to the bottom wall or to the ceiling wall 7.
  • the walls of the tank 71 are thus connected to each other so as to form a polyhedral structure and to define an internal storage space 9.
  • the storage installation 1 comprises a loading / unloading opening 10 locally interrupting the upper outer bearing wall 5, the upper inner bearing wall 4 and the ceiling wall 7 of the tank 71 so as to allow the loading / unloading pipes 11 to reach the bottom of the tank 71 by passing through this opening 10.
  • the storage installation 1 also includes a loading / unloading tower 13 located in line with the opening 10 and inside the tank 71 forming a support structure for the loading / unloading lines 11 over any the height of the tank 71 as well as for the pumps (not shown).
  • the storage installation 1 comprises a cover 12 arranged in the loading / unloading opening 10 in order to close the internal storage space 9 at the level of said opening 10.
  • the cover 12 comprises orifices 14 allowing the loading / unloading lines 11 to pass through the cover 12.
  • the tank 71 also includes a chimney 15 located on the main structure 6 at the opening and allowing the tank walls to extend continuously from the internal bridge 4 towards the external deck 5 at the level where these are interrupted by the loading / unloading opening 10.
  • a chimney 15 provided with said cover 12 is called: the liquid dome.
  • the present invention is illustrated here with reference to the area of the liquid dome but one could also consider the application of this invention to another chimney of a tank 71, such as conventionally the gas dome.
  • the loading / unloading opening 10 as well as the chimney 15 has a rectangular outline.
  • the chimney 15 thus comprises four walls, one being the extension of the rear cofferdam wall 8, as visible in FIG. 1, while the other three are connected to the ceiling wall 7 and form an angle of 90 ° with this one.
  • Figure 2 shows in more detail and schematically the area of the opening of the storage facility 1 in the first embodiment.
  • the tank 71 is a membrane tank 71 for storing liquefied gas.
  • the main structure 6 of the tank 71 comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside inwards, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 16 comprising insulating elements, resting against the supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane 17 resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier 16, a primary thermally insulating barrier 18 comprising insulating elements, resting against the secondary sealing membrane 17 and a primary sealing membrane 19 intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank 71.
  • the main structure 6 of the tank 71 is produced using Mark III® technology which is described in particular in document FR-A-2691520.
  • the secondary thermally insulating barrier 16, the primary thermally insulating barrier and the secondary waterproofing membrane 17 essentially consist of panels juxtaposed on the supporting structure, which can be the internal supporting structure 2 or the structure connecting the upper internal load-bearing wall 4 to the upper external load-bearing wall 5 at the level of the opening 10.
  • the secondary waterproofing membrane 17 is formed of a composite material comprising an aluminum sheet sandwiched between two sheets of fiberglass fabric.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 19 is for its part obtained by assembling a plurality of metal plates, welded to each other along their edges, and comprising corrugations 20 extending in two perpendicular directions.
  • the metal plates are, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum sheets, shaped by bending or by stamping.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 19 is illustrated in particular in Figure 3.
  • the secondary waterproofing membrane 17 is fixed at its end to the supporting structure by means of a connecting ring 21 projecting from the internal surface of the wall chimney carrier being in this zone a wall connecting the internal bridge 4 to the external bridge 5.
  • the cover 12 also comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside inwards, an upper cover wall 22, a lower cover wall 23 and a thermal insulation structure 24 located between the lower cover wall. 23 and the top cover wall 22.
  • the cover 12 also includes stiffeners 25 located on the top cover wall 22.
  • the cover 12 is arranged in the loading / unloading opening 10 so that the upper cover wall 22 is placed in the plane of the upper outer bearing wall 5 or outer bridge 5.
  • the storage facility 1 does not have a dome seat and the cover 12 does not protrude above the outer deck 5.
  • the upper wall of the cover 22 is fixed in a sealed manner to the outer bridge 5 all around the opening 10 so that at the level of the cover 12, it is the upper wall of the cover 22 which acts as a membrane. secondary seal 17.
  • the upper wall of cover 22 is made from a metallic material, for example stainless steel.
  • the lower cover wall 23 is sealed to the primary waterproofing membrane 19 of the main structure 6, here the chimney 15, using a connecting piece 26.
  • the connecting piece 26 is described in more detail with Figures 3 and 4.
  • the lower cover wall 23 is also sealingly welded to the loading / unloading lines 11.
  • the thermal insulation structure 24 of the cover 12 comprises a plurality of insulating elements juxtaposed to each other which may be of similar or different constitution.
  • the insulating elements located in line with the lower cover wall 23 and the connecting piece 26 are structural insulating elements while the insulating elements located on the periphery of the thermal insulation structure 24 are elements.
  • non-structural insulators so-called “structural” insulating elements essentially having properties or characteristics of mechanical strength that are superior, or even much superior, to so-called “non-structural” insulating elements.
  • the structural insulating elements can be high density polymer foam blocks optionally reinforced with fibers or plywood or composite boxes filled with insulating padding such as glass wool, polymer foam or perlite.
  • the non-structural insulating elements can be low density polymer foam blocks or glass wool.
  • the connecting piece 26 comprises a first wing 27 sealingly welded to the waterproofing membrane of the main structure 6 and a second wing 28 connected to the first wing 27 and sealed to the lower cover wall 23, all around the lower cover wall 23.
  • This connecting piece 26 is designed differently depending on the design of the lower cover wall 23, for example according to a first variant illustrated in FIG. 3 and according to a second variant illustrated in figure 4.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the interior of the tank 71 at the junction between the main structure 6 and the cover 12 to illustrate the first variant of the connecting piece 26.
  • the lower cover wall 23 is formed by an assembly of flat metal plates 29 welded to each other by overlapping.
  • These flat metal plates 29 are here flat metal plates 29 with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, in the present case between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 , so as to contract very little when the liquefied gas passes through the loading / unloading pipes 11.
  • the flat metal plates 29 are made for example in an alloy of iron and nickel called Invar.
  • the connecting piece 26 is made of a material having the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the material of the lower cover wall 23 so as to contract and expand homogeneously with the lower wall cover 23.
  • the connecting piece 26 is also made from an alloy of iron and nickel having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 .
  • the connecting piece 26 is thus formed of a continuous strip formed all around the lower cover wall 23. This strip is produced using one or more connecting elements forming the first wing 27 and the second wing 28. .
  • the connecting piece 26 comprises a third wing located in the same plane as the first wing 27 and connected to the first wing 27 and to the second wing 28 so as to form a part of link 26 with a T-section.
  • the third wing is fixed to the supporting structure so as to form an anchoring of the primary waterproofing membrane 19 and of the lower cover wall 23 at the level of the connecting piece 26.
  • the first wing 27 and the third wing can be formed integrally.
  • the first wing 27 and the second wing 28 can be formed from the same plate which has been bent.
  • One of the loading / unloading pipes 11 is shown in Figure 3 passing through the cover 12 and in particular the lower cover wall 23 through one of the orifices 14 made on the cover 12.
  • the pipe 11 is provided with a flange 30 welded in a sealed manner all around it, this flange 30 also being welded in a sealed manner to the lower wall of the cover 23.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the second variant of the connecting piece 26. Indeed, in the case where the lower cover wall 23 is produced, or constituted, in the same way as the primary sealing membrane 19 of the main structure 6, it is advantageous to adapt the connecting piece 26.
  • the lower cover wall 23 comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 31 which are juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and sealed together.
  • the corrugations 20 of the lower cover wall 23 are aligned with the corrugations 20 of the primary waterproofing membrane 19 of the main structure 6.
  • the connecting piece 26 is formed of a plurality of first connecting elements 32 and a plurality of second connecting elements 33.
  • the first connecting elements 32 are formed by a first flat plate 34 forming a portion of the first wing 27 and a second flat plate
  • the second connecting elements 33 are formed by a first corrugated plate
  • first connecting elements 32 and the second connecting elements 33 are arranged all around the lower cover wall 23 alternately.
  • the corrugation 37 of the second connecting elements 33 is aligned with one of the corrugations 20 of the waterproofing membrane of the main structure 6 and also aligned with one of the corrugations 20 of the lower wall of cover 23, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • the second connecting elements 33 thus make it possible to ensure the continuity of the corrugations at the level of the connecting part 26 while ensuring the seal by fitting the edges of the sealing membrane. primary 19 and the lower cover wall 23.
  • FIGs 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the storage installation 1.
  • the upper cover wall 22 is here placed in the plane of the upper internal load-bearing wall 4 or internal bridge 4.
  • the main structure 6 of the tank 71 does not include a chimney 15 and stops in its upper portion at the ceiling wall 7.
  • the cover 12 is therefore the extension of the wall of the ceiling. ceiling 7 allowing the passage of the loading / unloading pipes 11 and of the loading / unloading tower 13 without protruding from the internal bridge 4 and a fortiori from the external bridge 5, as visible in FIG. 5.
  • the cover 12 makes it possible to connect the ceiling wall 7 to the rear cofferdam wall 8 to the right of the opening.
  • the external bridge 5 can be provided with a closing element which is positioned in line with the opening in order to close the external bridge 5 after insertion of the loading / unloading pipes 11 and of the cover 12.
  • Figure 6 illustrates in more detail and schematically the area of the opening of the storage installation 1 in the second embodiment.
  • the design of the cover 12 in this embodiment is very similar to the first embodiment.
  • the lower cover wall 23 is here in the same plane as the primary sealing membrane 19 of the ceiling wall 7 and is sealingly connected thereto on three of the edges of the lower cover wall 23, the fourth edge being connected as in the first embodiment to the primary waterproofing membrane 19 of the rear cofferdam wall 8 by means of elements of the connecting piece 26 with L or T section.
  • connecting element 26 therefore comprises, at the level of the three edges connected to the primary roof waterproofing membrane 19, connecting elements for which the first wing 27 and the second wing 28 are formed in the same plane.
  • the liquefied gas intended to be stored in the tank 71 can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture mainly comprising methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons.
  • Liquefied gas can also be ethane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from the refining of petroleum comprising mainly propane and butane.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary watertight barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary watertight barrier arranged between the primary watertight barrier and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the vessel. primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double shell 72.
  • the loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • FIG. 7 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible hoses 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be swiveled and adapts to all LNG carrier templates.
  • a connecting pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
  • the latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
  • the underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station are used. 75.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a storage facility (1) for a liquefied gas, comprising a load-bearing structure (2, 3) and a tank (71) arranged in the load-bearing structure, the tank (71) having a main structure (6), the main structure (6) comprising at least one sealing membrane (17, 19) and at least one thermally insulating barrier (16, 18), the load-bearing structure (2, 3) comprising a substantially flat upper load-bearing wall (4, 5), the sealing membrane, the thermally insulating barrier of the main structure (6) and the upper load-bearing wall being locally interrupted so as to delimit a loading/unloading opening (10), wherein the tank has a cover (12) disposed in the loading/unloading opening (10), and wherein the cover (12) comprises a cover upper wall (22), a cover lower wall (23) and a thermal insulation structure (24), the cover upper wall (22) being positioned in the plane of the upper load-bearing wall and fixed to the upper load-bearing wall, and the cover lower wall (23) being connected in a sealed manner to the sealing membrane of the main structure (6) with the aid of a connecting part (26).

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Installation de stockage pour gaz liquéfiéj Title of the invention: Storage facility for liquefied gasj
[Domaine technique [Technical area
[0001] L’invention se rapporte au domaine des installations de stockage pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante, à membranes. En particulier, l’invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour le stockage et/ou le transport de gaz liquéfié à basse température, telles que des cuves pour le transport de Gaz de Pétrole Liquéfié (aussi appelé GPL) présentant par exemple une température comprise entre -50°C et 0°C, ou pour le transport de Gaz Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) à environ -162°C à pression atmosphérique. Ces cuves peuvent être installées à terre ou sur un ouvrage flottant. Dans le cas d’un ouvrage flottant, la cuve peut être destinée au transport de gaz liquéfié ou à recevoir du gaz liquéfié servant de carburant pour la propulsion de l’ouvrage flottant. The invention relates to the field of storage facilities for liquefied gas comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank, with membranes. In particular, the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) exhibiting by example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure. These tanks can be installed on land or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
Arrière-plan technologique Technological background
[0002] Le document FR2991430 décrit une installation de stockage pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante intégrée à une structure porteuse constituée par la double coque d’un navire. Chaque paroi de la cuve comprend une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire. [0002] Document FR2991430 describes a storage installation for liquefied gas comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated into a supporting structure formed by the double hull of a ship. Each wall of the tank includes a secondary thermally insulating barrier, a secondary waterproofing membrane, a primary thermally insulating barrier and a primary waterproofing membrane.
[0003] Dans une zone située au sommet de la cuve, la cuve comporte une portion saillante en forme de cheminée appelée dôme liquide. Dans cette zone, la structure porteuse est interrompue localement de manière à délimiter une ouverture de chargement/déchargement destinée à être traversée par des conduites de chargement/déchargement en fluide. De plus, toujours dans cette zone, la structure porteuse comporte une paroi porteuse verticale appelée surbau qui s’élève au-dessus du pont du navire et une paroi horizontale au sommet de la paroi porteuse verticale, ce qui forme une superstructure sur le pont du navire appelée siège de dôme. La paroi horizontale du siège de dôme s’étend tout autour de l’ouverture et supporte un couvercle. In an area located at the top of the tank, the tank has a protruding portion in the form of a chimney called a liquid dome. In this zone, the supporting structure is locally interrupted so as to delimit a loading / unloading opening intended to be crossed by fluid loading / unloading pipes. In addition, still in this area, the load-bearing structure comprises a vertical load-bearing wall called a coaming which rises above the ship's deck and a horizontal wall at the top of the vertical load-bearing wall, which forms a superstructure on the deck of the ship. ship called dome seat. The horizontal wall of the dome seat extends all around the opening and supports a cover.
[0004] Toutefois, une telle installation avec un siège de dôme implique que les conduites de chargement/déchargement, destinées à l’entrée/sortie du gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve, doivent ainsi s’étendre en hauteur au-dessus du pont sur le siège de dôme, ce qui a pour conséquence une installation encombrante et difficile d’accès pour la maintenance/gestion de ces conduites, ainsi qu’une structure coûteuse et encombrante sur le pont du navire. However, such an installation with a dome seat implies that the loading / unloading pipes, intended for the entry / exit of the liquefied gas contained in the tank, must thus extend in height above the deck on the dome seat, resulting in a cumbersome installation that is difficult to access for the maintenance / management of these pipes, as well as an expensive and bulky structure on the ship's deck.
Résumé summary
[0005] Une idée à la base de l’invention est de simplifier la structure porteuse de l’installation de stockage pour diminuer les coût et l’encombrement de l’installation. [0005] An idea underlying the invention is to simplify the supporting structure of the storage facility to reduce the cost and size of the facility.
[0006] Une autre idée à la base de l’invention est d’adapter le couvercle à une telle simplification de l’installation de stockage. Another idea underlying the invention is to adapt the cover to such a simplification of the storage installation.
[0007] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit une installation de stockage pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une structure porteuse et une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante agencée dans la structure porteuse, la cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une structure principale formée par une pluralité de parois de cuve reliées les unes aux autres et fixées à la structure porteuse, la structure principale définissant un espace interne de stockage, la structure principale comprenant au moins une membrane d’étanchéité et au moins une barrière thermiquement isolante, la barrière thermiquement isolante étant placée entre la membrane d’étanchéité et la structure porteuse, la structure porteuse comportant une paroi porteuse supérieure sensiblement plane, la membrane d’étanchéité, la barrière thermiquement isolante de la structure principale et la paroi porteuse supérieure étant interrompues localement de manière à délimiter une ouverture de chargement/déchargement destinée à être traversée par des conduites de chargement/déchargement en fluide dans laquelle la cuve comporte un couvercle disposé dans l’ouverture de chargement/déchargement, et dans laquelle le couvercle comprend une paroi supérieure de couvercle, une paroi inférieure de couvercle et une structure d’isolation thermique située entre la paroi inférieure de couvercle et la paroi supérieure de couvercle, la paroi supérieure de couvercle étant placée dans le plan de la paroi porteuse supérieure et fixée à la paroi porteuse supérieure, et la paroi inférieure de couvercle étant raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale à l’aide d’une pièce de liaison. [0007] According to one embodiment, the invention provides a storage installation for liquefied gas comprising a supporting structure and a sealed and thermally insulating tank arranged in the supporting structure, the sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a main structure formed by a plurality of tank walls connected to each other and fixed to the supporting structure, the main structure defining an internal storage space, the main structure comprising at least one waterproofing membrane and at least one thermally insulating barrier, the thermally insulating barrier being placed between the waterproofing membrane and the supporting structure, the supporting structure comprising a substantially planar upper supporting wall, the waterproofing membrane, the thermally insulating barrier of the main structure and the upper supporting wall being interrupted locally so as to delimit a loading / unloading opening intended to be traversed by fluid loading / unloading conduits in which the vessel has a cover disposed in the loading / unloading opening, and in which the cover comprises an upper cover wall, a lower cover wall and a structure of 'thermal insulation located between the lower cover wall and the upper cover wall, the upper cover wall being placed in the plane of the upper bearing wall and fixed to the upper bearing wall, and the lower cover wall being connected so waterproof to the waterproofing membrane of the main structure using a connecting piece.
[0008] Grâce à ces caractéristiques, l’installation de stockage ne comprend pas de siège de dôme et donc de superstructure dépassant de la paroi porteuse supérieure, permettant ainsi de simplifier l’installation de stockage et diminuer l’encombrement sur la paroi porteuse supérieure. En effet, ici, la paroi supérieure de couvercle est placée dans le plan de la paroi porteuse supérieure et non au-dessus de celui-ci de sorte à ne pas faire saillie au-dessus de la paroi porteuse supérieure. [0008] Thanks to these characteristics, the storage installation does not include a dome seat and therefore a superstructure projecting from the upper bearing wall, thus making it possible to simplify the storage installation and reduce the bulk on the upper bearing wall . Indeed, here, the upper cover wall is placed in the plane of the upper bearing wall and not above it so as not to protrude above the upper bearing wall.
[0009] On entend par fixer, raccorder, souder « de manière étanche » une liaison entre les deux éléments fixés ensemble qui soit étanche aux liquides et au gaz, par exemple dans le cas d’une soudure à l’aide d’un cordon de soudure continu. [0009] The term “fixing, connecting, welding” is understood to mean a connection between the two elements fixed together which is impermeable to liquids and to gas, for example in the case of welding using a bead continuous welding.
[0010] Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle installation de stockage peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes. [0010] According to embodiments, such a storage installation may include one or more of the following characteristics.
[0011] Selon un mode de réalisation, le couvercle comporte des raidisseurs disposés sur la paroi supérieure de couvercle afin d’augmenter la rigidité et la résistance du couvercle par exemple lors de la déformation de la structure porteuse. [0011] According to one embodiment, the cover comprises stiffeners arranged on the upper cover wall in order to increase the rigidity and the resistance of the cover, for example during the deformation of the supporting structure.
[0012] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi porteuse supérieure est une paroi porteuse supérieure interne, la structure porteuse comportant une structure porteuse interne comprenant la paroi porteuse supérieure interne sensiblement plane et une structure porteuse externe comprenant une paroi porteuse supérieure externe sensiblement plane disposée au-dessus de la paroi porteuse supérieure interne, la structure principale de la cuve étant agencée dans la structure porteuse interne. According to one embodiment, the upper load-bearing wall is an internal upper load-bearing wall, the load-bearing structure comprising an internal load-bearing structure comprising the substantially planar internal upper load-bearing wall and an external load-bearing structure comprising a substantially planar outer upper load-bearing wall arranged above the upper internal load-bearing wall, the main structure of the vessel being arranged in the internal load-bearing structure.
[0013] Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure principale comporte une paroi de plafond et une paroi de cofferdam arrière, le couvercle étant situé dans le prolongement de la paroi de plafond. [0014] Le couvercle permet ainsi de relier la paroi de plafond à la paroi de cofferdam arrière au droit de l’ouverture. According to one embodiment, the main structure comprises a ceiling wall and a rear cofferdam wall, the cover being located in the extension of the ceiling wall. [0014] The cover thus makes it possible to connect the ceiling wall to the rear cofferdam wall to the right of the opening.
[0015] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi inférieure de couvercle est située dans le prolongement de la membrane d’étanchéité, plus particulièrement la membrane d’étanchéité primaire, de la paroi de plafond. [0016] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi inférieure de couvercle comporte quatre bords, trois desdits bords de la paroi inférieure de couvercle étant raccordés de manière étanche à la membrane d’étanchéité, plus particulièrement la membrane d’étanchéité primaire, de la paroi de plafond à l’aide d’une première pièce de liaison. [0015] According to one embodiment, the lower cover wall is located in the extension of the sealing membrane, more particularly the primary sealing membrane, of the ceiling wall. According to one embodiment, the lower cover wall has four edges, three of said edges of the lower cover wall being connected in a sealed manner to the waterproofing membrane, more particularly the primary waterproofing membrane, of the ceiling wall using a first connecting piece.
[0017] Selon un mode de réalisation, un quatrième bord de de la paroi inférieure de couvercle est raccordé à la membrane d’étanchéité, plus particulièrement la membrane d’étanchéité primaire, de la paroi de cofferdam arrière à l’aide d’une deuxième pièce de liaison. According to one embodiment, a fourth edge of the lower cover wall is connected to the sealing membrane, more particularly the primary sealing membrane, of the rear cofferdam wall using a second connecting piece.
[0018] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi porteuse supérieure est une paroi porteuse supérieure externe, la structure porteuse comportant une structure porteuse interne comprenant une paroi porteuse supérieure interne sensiblement plane et une structure porteuse externe comprenant la paroi porteuse supérieure externe sensiblement plane disposée au-dessus de la paroi porteuse supérieure interne, la structure principale de la cuve étant agencée dans la structure porteuse interne. [0018] According to one embodiment, the upper supporting wall is an upper external supporting wall, the supporting structure comprising an internal supporting structure. comprising a substantially planar inner upper bearing wall and an outer bearing structure comprising the substantially planar outer upper bearing wall disposed above the inner upper bearing wall, the main structure of the vessel being arranged in the internal bearing structure.
[0019] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’ouverture présente un contour rectangulaire[0019] According to one embodiment, the opening has a rectangular outline
[0020] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi supérieure de couvercle possède des dimensions dans le plan de la paroi porteuse supérieure supérieures à celles de l’ouverture de sorte à venir en chevauchement tout autour de l’ouverture sur la paroi porteuse supérieure. [0020] According to one embodiment, the upper cover wall has dimensions in the plane of the upper bearing wall greater than those of the opening so as to overlap all around the opening on the upper bearing wall.
[0021] Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale et la paroi inférieure de couvercle sont réalisées dans un matériau métallique, la pièce de liaison étant soudée de manière étanche à la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale et à la paroi inférieure de couvercle. According to one embodiment, the waterproofing membrane of the main structure and the lower cover wall are made of a metallic material, the connecting piece being welded in a sealed manner to the waterproofing membrane of the main structure and the lower cover wall.
[0022] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi inférieure de couvercle est réalisée dans un matériau imperméable aux gaz et aux liquides de sorte que l’ensemble constitué par la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale, la pièce de liaison et la paroi inférieure de couvercle forme la membrane d’étanchéité de la cuve. [0022] According to one embodiment, the lower cover wall is made of a material impermeable to gases and to liquids so that the assembly constituted by the waterproofing membrane of the main structure, the connecting piece and the wall lower cover forms the sealing membrane of the tank.
[0023] Selon un mode de réalisation, le coefficient de dilatation thermique du matériau de la pièce de liaison est égal au coefficient de dilatation thermique du matériau de la paroi inférieure de couvercle. According to one embodiment, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the connecting piece is equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the lower cover wall.
[0024] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’installation de stockage comprend une tour de chargement/déchargement comportant une pluralité de conduites de chargement/déchargement, les conduites de chargement/déchargement traversant de manière étanche le couvercle par des orifices ménagés dans le couvercle. [0024] According to one embodiment, the storage installation comprises a loading / unloading tower comprising a plurality of loading / unloading pipes, the loading / unloading pipes sealingly passing through the cover by orifices formed in the cover .
[0025] Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d’étanchéité comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées, les tôles métalliques ondulées étant juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche. [0025] According to one embodiment, the waterproofing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets, the corrugated metal sheets being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together in a sealed manner.
[0026] Selon un mode de réalisation, les tôles métalliques sont réalisées en acier inoxydable. According to one embodiment, the metal sheets are made of stainless steel.
[0027] Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce de liaison comprend une première aile fixée à la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale et une deuxième aile reliée à la première aile et fixée à la paroi inférieure de couvercle. [0027] According to one embodiment, the connecting piece comprises a first wing attached to the sealing membrane of the main structure and a second wing connected to the first wing and attached to the lower cover wall.
[0028] Selon un mode de réalisation, la première aile et la deuxième aile de la première pièce de liaison sont formées dans un même plan. [0029] Selon un mode de réalisation, la deuxième aile de la deuxième pièce de liaison est formée dans un plan parallèle à la paroi inférieure de couvercle et la première aile de la deuxième pièce de liaison est formée dans un plan parallèle à la membrane d’étanchéité, plus particulièrement la membrane d’étanchéité primaire, de la paroi arrière de cofferdam. According to one embodiment, the first wing and the second wing of the first connecting piece are formed in the same plane. According to one embodiment, the second wing of the second connecting piece is formed in a plane parallel to the lower cover wall and the first wing of the second connecting piece is formed in a plane parallel to the membrane d sealing, more particularly the primary waterproofing membrane, of the rear wall of cofferdam.
[0030] Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce de liaison comporte une pluralité d’éléments de liaison soudés les uns aux autres de sorte à former une pièce continue tout autour de la paroi inférieure de couvercle. [0030] According to one embodiment, the connecting piece comprises a plurality of connecting elements welded to each other so as to form a continuous piece all around the lower cover wall.
[0031] Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments de liaison comprennent des premiers éléments de liaison et des deuxièmes éléments de liaison, les premiers éléments de liaison étant formés par une première plaque plane formant une portion de la première aile et une deuxième plaque plane formant une portion de la deuxième aile de sorte à former un élément à section en L, les deuxièmes éléments de liaison étant formés par une première plaque ondulée comprenant une ondulation et formant une portion de la première aile et par une deuxième plaque ondulée comprenant une ondulation et formant une portion de la deuxième aile. According to one embodiment, the connecting elements comprise first connecting elements and second connecting elements, the first connecting elements being formed by a first flat plate forming a portion of the first wing and a second flat plate forming a portion of the second wing so as to form an L-section element, the second connecting elements being formed by a first corrugated plate comprising a corrugation and forming a portion of the first wing and by a second corrugated plate comprising a corrugation and forming a portion of the second wing.
[0032] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’ondulation des deuxièmes éléments de liaison est alignée avec l’une des ondulations de la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale de sorte à venir prolonger celle-ci. [0032] According to one embodiment, the corrugation of the second connecting elements is aligned with one of the corrugations of the waterproofing membrane of the main structure so as to extend the latter.
[0033] Selon un mode de réalisation, les premiers éléments de liaison et les deuxièmes éléments de liaison sont disposés tout autour de la paroi inférieure de couvercle de manière alternée. [0033] According to one embodiment, the first connecting elements and the second connecting elements are arranged all around the lower cover wall in an alternating manner.
[0034] Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce de liaison comprend une troisième aile reliée à la première aile et/ou la deuxième aile, la troisième aile étant fixée à la structure porteuse. [0034] According to one embodiment, the connecting piece comprises a third wing connected to the first wing and / or the second wing, the third wing being fixed to the supporting structure.
[0035] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi inférieure de couvercle comporte une pluralité de plaques métalliques planes, les plaques métalliques planes étant assemblées les unes aux autres. [0035] According to one embodiment, the lower cover wall comprises a plurality of flat metal plates, the flat metal plates being assembled to each other.
[0036] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi inférieure de couvercle est réalisée dans un alliage de fer et de nickel présentant un coefficient de dilatation thermique compris entre 0,5.106 et 2.106 K 1. According to one embodiment, the lower cover wall is made from an alloy of iron and nickel having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 .
[0037] Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce de liaison est réalisée dans un alliage de fer et de nickel présentant un coefficient de dilatation thermique compris entre 0,5.106 et 2.106 K 1. [0038] Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi inférieure de couvercle comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées, les tôles métalliques ondulées étant juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche. According to one embodiment, the connecting piece is made from an alloy of iron and nickel having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 . [0038] According to one embodiment, the lower cover wall comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets, the corrugated metal sheets being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together in a sealed manner.
[0039] Selon un mode de réalisation, les tôles métalliques de la paroi inférieure de couvercle sont réalisées en acier inoxydable. According to one embodiment, the metal sheets of the lower cover wall are made of stainless steel.
[0040] Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce de liaison est réalisée en acier inoxydable. [0040] According to one embodiment, the connecting piece is made of stainless steel.
[0041] Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure d’isolation thermique du couvercle comprend au moins un bloc de mousse polymère. [0041] According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation structure of the cover comprises at least one block of polymer foam.
[0042] Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure d’isolation thermique du couvercle comprend au moins un bloc de mousse polyuréthane, de préférence renforcée de fibres, par exemple de fibres de verre. [0042] According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation structure of the cover comprises at least one block of polyurethane foam, preferably reinforced with fibers, for example glass fibers.
[0043] Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure d’isolation thermique du couvercle comprend une pluralité de boîtes juxtaposées les unes aux autres et remplies d’une garniture isolante. [0043] According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation structure of the cover comprises a plurality of boxes juxtaposed to each other and filled with an insulating gasket.
[0044] Selon un mode de réalisation, la garniture isolante est réalisée en laine de verre, en perlite, en aérogel, en mousse polymère ou en la combinaison de deux ou plus de ces matériaux. [0044] According to one embodiment, the insulating lining is made of glass wool, perlite, airgel, polymer foam or a combination of two or more of these materials.
[0045] Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d’étanchéité est une membrane d’étanchéité primaire, la barrière thermiquement isolante est une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et dans laquelle la structure principale de la cuve comprend, dans une direction d’épaisseur de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la cuve, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire fixée à la structure porteuse, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire portée par la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire, la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire portée par la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire, et la membrane d’étanchéité primaire portée par la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire étant destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié. According to one embodiment, the waterproofing membrane is a primary waterproofing membrane, the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermally insulating barrier and in which the main structure of the tank comprises, in a thickness direction of the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier fixed to the supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane carried by the secondary thermally insulating barrier, the primary thermally insulating barrier carried by the secondary waterproofing membrane, and the primary waterproofing membrane carried by the primary thermally insulating barrier being intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas.
[0046] Une telle installation de stockage peut être une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres. Une telle installation de stockage peut aussi servir de réservoir de carburant dans tout type de navire. [0047] Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d’un produit liquide froid comporte une double coque et une installation de stockage précitée disposée dans la double coque. Such a storage installation can be an onshore storage installation, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep water structure, in particular an LNG vessel, a floating storage and regasification unit ( FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others. Such a storage installation can also serve as a fuel tank in any type of vessel. According to one embodiment, a ship for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a above-mentioned storage installation arranged in the double hull.
[0048] Selon un mode de réalisation, le navire comporte une installation de stockage précitée et un pont, la paroi porteuse supérieure de la structure porteuse étant formée par le pont. [0048] According to one embodiment, the ship comprises an aforementioned storage installation and a bridge, the upper supporting wall of the supporting structure being formed by the bridge.
[0049] Selon un mode de réalisation, le navire comporte une installation de stockage précitée, un pont interne et un pont externe, la paroi porteuse supérieure interne de la structure porteuse étant formée par le pont interne et la paroi porteuse supérieure externe étant formée par le pont externe. [0049] According to one embodiment, the vessel comprises an aforementioned storage installation, an internal deck and an external deck, the upper internal load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure being formed by the internal bridge and the upper external load-bearing wall being formed by the outer bridge.
[0050] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to an installation external floating or terrestrial storage and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or towards the external floating or terrestrial storage installation towards or from the vessel of the vessel.
[0051] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a ship, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to an external floating or terrestrial storage installation. to or from the vessel's tank.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
[0052] L’invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l’invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés. The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will emerge more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration. and not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0053] [Fig. 1] La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en coupe d’une installation de stockage selon un premier mode de réalisation. [0053] [Fig. 1] Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a storage facility according to a first embodiment.
[0054] [Fig. 2] La figure 2 est une vue schématique du détail II de la figure 1 représentant plus particulièrement la cuve au niveau de l’ouverture. [0054] [Fig. 2] Figure 2 is a schematic view of detail II of Figure 1 showing more particularly the tank at the opening.
[0055] [Fig. 3] La figure 3 est une vue en perspective partielle de l’intérieur de la cuve à la jonction entre la structure principale et le couvercle. [0055] [Fig. 3] Figure 3 is a partial perspective view of the interior of the vessel at the junction between the main structure and the cover.
[0056] [Fig. 4] La figure 4 est une vue en perspective partielle de la jonction entre la paroi inférieure de couvercle et la membrane d’étanchéité primaire de la structure principale. [0057] [Fig. 5] La figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe d’une installation de stockage selon un deuxième mode de réalisation. [0056] [Fig. 4] Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of the junction between the lower cover wall and the primary waterproofing membrane of the main structure. [0057] [Fig. 5] Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of a storage installation according to a second embodiment.
[0058] [Fig. 6] La figure 6 est une vue schématique du détail VI de la figure 5 représentant plus particulièrement la cuve au niveau de l’ouverture. [0058] [Fig. 6] Figure 6 is a schematic view of detail VI of Figure 5 showing more particularly the tank at the opening.
[0059] [Fig. 7] La figure 7 est une représentation schématique écorchée d’une installation de stockage de navire méthanier et d’un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve. [0059] [Fig. 7] Figure 7 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG tanker storage facility and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of the embodiments
[0060] Sur la figure 1, on a représenté de manière schématique une installation de stockageIn Figure 1, there is schematically shown a storage facility
1 comprenant une structure porteuse double composée d’une structure porteuse interne1 comprising a double supporting structure composed of an internal supporting structure
2 et d’une structure porteuse externe 3 encadrant la structure porteuse interne 2. A l’intérieur de la structure porteuse interne 2, l’installation de stockage 1 comprend une cuve 71 étanche et thermiquement isolante qui sera décrite par la suite. 2 and an external supporting structure 3 surrounding the internal supporting structure 2. Inside the internal supporting structure 2, the storage installation 1 comprises a sealed and thermally insulating tank 71 which will be described later.
[0061] La structure porteuse interne 2 et la structure porteuse externe 3 comporte une pluralité de parois reliées les unes aux autres et notamment une paroi porteuse supérieure interne 4 et une paroi porteuse supérieure externe 5 respectivement, qui sont situées, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1, en haut de l’installation de stockage 1. The internal supporting structure 2 and the external supporting structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls connected to each other and in particular an internal upper bearing wall 4 and an external upper bearing wall 5 respectively, which are located, as can be seen in figure 1, at the top of the storage installation 1.
[0062] Lorsque l’installation de stockage 1 est positionnée sur un navire tel qu’un méthanier, la structure porteuse 2, 3 est formée par la double coque du navire. La paroi porteuse supérieure interne 4 est ainsi appelée le pont interne 4 du navire tandis que la paroi porteuse supérieure externe 5 est appelée le pont externe 5 du navire. When the storage facility 1 is positioned on a ship such as an LNG carrier, the supporting structure 2, 3 is formed by the double hull of the ship. The inner upper load-bearing wall 4 is thus called the inner deck 4 of the ship while the outer top load-bearing wall 5 is called the outer deck 5 of the ship.
[0063] La cuve 71 comporte une structure principale 6 formée d’une paroi de fond (non représentée), une paroi de plafond 7, deux parois de cofferdam 8 reliant la paroi de fond à la paroi de plafond 7 et situées à l’avant et à l’arrière lorsque l’installation de stockage 1 est située sur un navire, deux parois latérales (non représentées) et optionnellement deux à quatre parois de chanfrein (non représentées) reliant les parois latérales à la paroi de fond ou à la paroi de plafond 7. Les parois de la cuve 71 sont ainsi reliées les unes aux autres de façon à former une structure polyédrique et à délimiter un espace interne de stockage 9. The tank 71 comprises a main structure 6 formed of a bottom wall (not shown), a ceiling wall 7, two cofferdam walls 8 connecting the bottom wall to the ceiling wall 7 and located at the front and rear when the storage installation 1 is located on a ship, two side walls (not shown) and optionally two to four chamfer walls (not shown) connecting the side walls to the bottom wall or to the ceiling wall 7. The walls of the tank 71 are thus connected to each other so as to form a polyhedral structure and to define an internal storage space 9.
[0064] Afin de charger et décharger la cuve 71 en gaz liquéfié, l’installation de stockage 1 comporte une ouverture de chargement/déchargement 10 interrompant localement la paroi porteuse supérieure externe 5, la paroi porteuse supérieure interne 4 et la paroi de plafond 7 de la cuve 71 de sorte à permettre à des conduites de chargement/déchargement 11 d’atteindre le fond de la cuve 71 en traversant cette ouverture 10. [0065] L’installation de stockage 1 comprend également une tour de chargement/déchargement 13 situé au droit de l’ouverture 10 et à l’intérieur de la cuve 71 formant une structure de support pour les conduites de chargement/déchargement 11 sur toute la hauteur de la cuve 71 ainsi que pour les pompes (non représentées). In order to load and unload the tank 71 with liquefied gas, the storage installation 1 comprises a loading / unloading opening 10 locally interrupting the upper outer bearing wall 5, the upper inner bearing wall 4 and the ceiling wall 7 of the tank 71 so as to allow the loading / unloading pipes 11 to reach the bottom of the tank 71 by passing through this opening 10. The storage installation 1 also includes a loading / unloading tower 13 located in line with the opening 10 and inside the tank 71 forming a support structure for the loading / unloading lines 11 over any the height of the tank 71 as well as for the pumps (not shown).
[0066] De plus, l’installation de stockage 1 comporte un couvercle 12 disposé dans l’ouverture de chargement/déchargement 10 afin de clôturer l’espace interne de stockage 9 au niveau de ladite ouverture 10. Le couvercle 12 comprend des orifices 14 permettant aux conduites de chargement/déchargement 11 de traverser le couvercle 12. In addition, the storage installation 1 comprises a cover 12 arranged in the loading / unloading opening 10 in order to close the internal storage space 9 at the level of said opening 10. The cover 12 comprises orifices 14 allowing the loading / unloading lines 11 to pass through the cover 12.
[0067] Dans le premier mode de réalisation représenté en figures 1 et 2, la cuve 71 comporte également une cheminée 15 située sur la structure principale 6 au niveau de l’ouverture et permettant aux parois de cuve de s’étendre continûment du pont interne 4 vers le pont externe 5 au niveau où ceux-ci sont interrompus par l’ouverture de chargement/déchargement 10. On appelle pour des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié une telle cheminée 15 munie dudit couvercle 12 : le dôme liquide. In the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the tank 71 also includes a chimney 15 located on the main structure 6 at the opening and allowing the tank walls to extend continuously from the internal bridge 4 towards the external deck 5 at the level where these are interrupted by the loading / unloading opening 10. For liquefied gas storage tanks such a chimney 15 provided with said cover 12 is called: the liquid dome.
[0068] La présente invention est illustrée ici en référence à la zone du dôme liquide mais on pourrait également envisager l’application de cette invention à une autre cheminée d’une cuve 71 , telle que classiquement le dôme gaz. The present invention is illustrated here with reference to the area of the liquid dome but one could also consider the application of this invention to another chimney of a tank 71, such as conventionally the gas dome.
[0069] L’ouverture de chargement/déchargement 10 ainsi que la cheminée 15 possède un contour rectangulaire. La cheminée 15 comprend ainsi quatre parois, l’une étant le prolongement de la paroi de cofferdam arrière 8, comme visible sur la figure 1, tandis que les trois autres sont reliées à la paroi de plafond 7 et forment un angle de 90° avec celle- ci. The loading / unloading opening 10 as well as the chimney 15 has a rectangular outline. The chimney 15 thus comprises four walls, one being the extension of the rear cofferdam wall 8, as visible in FIG. 1, while the other three are connected to the ceiling wall 7 and form an angle of 90 ° with this one.
[0070] Une autre particularité de ce premier mode de réalisation illustré en figures 1 et 2 est que le couvercle 12 est situé au niveau du pont externe 5, c’est-à-dire pour clôturer la cheminée 15. Another feature of this first embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 is that the cover 12 is located at the level of the external bridge 5, that is to say to enclose the chimney 15.
[0071] La figure 2 représente de manière plus détaillée et de façon schématique la zone de l’ouverture de l’installation de stockage 1 dans le premier mode de réalisation. [0071] Figure 2 shows in more detail and schematically the area of the opening of the storage facility 1 in the first embodiment.
[0072] La cuve 71 est une cuve 71 à membranes permettant de stocker du gaz liquéfié. La structure principale 6 de la cuve 71 comprend une structure multicouche comportant, depuis l’extérieur vers l’intérieur, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 16 comportant des éléments isolants, reposant contre la structure porteuse, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 17 reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 16, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 18 comportant des éléments isolants, reposant contre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 17 et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve 71. The tank 71 is a membrane tank 71 for storing liquefied gas. The main structure 6 of the tank 71 comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside inwards, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 16 comprising insulating elements, resting against the supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane 17 resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier 16, a primary thermally insulating barrier 18 comprising insulating elements, resting against the secondary sealing membrane 17 and a primary sealing membrane 19 intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank 71.
[0073] Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure principale 6 de la cuve 71 est réalisée selon la technologie Mark III ® qui est notamment décrite dans le document FR-A-2691520. According to one embodiment, the main structure 6 of the tank 71 is produced using Mark III® technology which is described in particular in document FR-A-2691520.
[0074] Dans une telle structure principale 6, la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 16, la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 17 sont essentiellement constituées de panneaux juxtaposés sur la structure porteuse, qui peut être la structure porteuse interne 2 ou la structure reliant la paroi porteuse supérieure interne 4 à la paroi porteuse supérieure externe 5 au niveau de l’ouverture 10. La membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 17 est formée d’un matériau composite comportant une feuille d’aluminium prise en sandwich entre deux feuilles de tissu en fibres de verre. La membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 est quant à elle obtenue par assemblage d’une pluralité de plaques métalliques, soudées les unes aux autres le long de leurs bords, et comportant des ondulations 20 s’étendant selon deux directions perpendiculaires. Les plaques métalliques sont, par exemple, réalisées de tôles d'acier inoxydable ou d'aluminium, mises en forme par pliage ou par emboutissage. La membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 est notamment illustrée en figure 3. In such a main structure 6, the secondary thermally insulating barrier 16, the primary thermally insulating barrier and the secondary waterproofing membrane 17 essentially consist of panels juxtaposed on the supporting structure, which can be the internal supporting structure 2 or the structure connecting the upper internal load-bearing wall 4 to the upper external load-bearing wall 5 at the level of the opening 10. The secondary waterproofing membrane 17 is formed of a composite material comprising an aluminum sheet sandwiched between two sheets of fiberglass fabric. The primary waterproofing membrane 19 is for its part obtained by assembling a plurality of metal plates, welded to each other along their edges, and comprising corrugations 20 extending in two perpendicular directions. The metal plates are, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum sheets, shaped by bending or by stamping. The primary waterproofing membrane 19 is illustrated in particular in Figure 3.
[0075] D’autres détails d’une telle membrane métallique ondulée sont notamment décrits dans FR-A-2861060. Other details of such a corrugated metal membrane are described in particular in FR-A-2861060.
[0076] Dans la cheminée 15, comme visible en figure 2, la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 17 est fixée à son extrémité à la structure porteuse à l’aide d’un anneau de raccordement 21 faisant saillie de la surface interne de la paroi porteuse de cheminée étant dans cette zone une paroi reliant le pont interne 4 au pont externe 5. In the chimney 15, as visible in Figure 2, the secondary waterproofing membrane 17 is fixed at its end to the supporting structure by means of a connecting ring 21 projecting from the internal surface of the wall chimney carrier being in this zone a wall connecting the internal bridge 4 to the external bridge 5.
[0077] Le couvercle 12 comprend également une structure multicouche comportant, depuis l’extérieur vers l’intérieur, une paroi supérieure de couvercle 22, une paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 et une structure d’isolation thermique 24 située entre la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 et la paroi supérieure de couvercle 22. Le couvercle 12 comporte aussi des raidisseurs 25 situés sur la paroi supérieure de couvercle 22. The cover 12 also comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside inwards, an upper cover wall 22, a lower cover wall 23 and a thermal insulation structure 24 located between the lower cover wall. 23 and the top cover wall 22. The cover 12 also includes stiffeners 25 located on the top cover wall 22.
[0078] Comme visible sur la figure 2, Le couvercle 12 est disposé dans l’ouverture de chargement/déchargement 10 de sorte que la paroi supérieure de couvercle 22 soit placée dans le plan de la paroi porteuse supérieure externe 5 ou pont externe 5. Ainsi, l’installation de stockage 1 ne possède pas de siège de dôme et le couvercle 12 ne fait pas saillie au-dessus du pont externe 5. [0079] La paroi supérieure de couvercle 22 est fixée de manière étanche au pont externe 5 tout autour de l’ouverture 10 de sorte qu’au niveau du couvercle 12, c’est la paroi supérieure de couvercle 22 qui joue le rôle de membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 17. La paroi supérieure de couvercle 22 est réalisée à l’aide d’un matériau métallique, par exemple de l’acier inoxydable. As visible in Figure 2, the cover 12 is arranged in the loading / unloading opening 10 so that the upper cover wall 22 is placed in the plane of the upper outer bearing wall 5 or outer bridge 5. Thus, the storage facility 1 does not have a dome seat and the cover 12 does not protrude above the outer deck 5. The upper wall of the cover 22 is fixed in a sealed manner to the outer bridge 5 all around the opening 10 so that at the level of the cover 12, it is the upper wall of the cover 22 which acts as a membrane. secondary seal 17. The upper wall of cover 22 is made from a metallic material, for example stainless steel.
[0080] La paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 est soudée de manière étanche à la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 de la structure principale 6, ici la cheminée 15, à l’aide d’une pièce de liaison 26. La pièce de liaison 26 est décrite de manière plus détaillée avec les figures 3 et 4. La paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 est également soudée de manière étanche aux conduites de chargement/déchargement 11. The lower cover wall 23 is sealed to the primary waterproofing membrane 19 of the main structure 6, here the chimney 15, using a connecting piece 26. The connecting piece 26 is described in more detail with Figures 3 and 4. The lower cover wall 23 is also sealingly welded to the loading / unloading lines 11.
[0081] La structure d’isolation thermique 24 du couvercle 12 comprend une pluralité d’éléments isolants juxtaposés les uns aux autres pouvant être de constitution similaire ou différente. Dans un mode préféré, les éléments isolants situés au droit de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 et de la pièce de liaison 26 sont des éléments isolants structurels tandis que les éléments isolants situés sur la périphérie du la structure d’isolation thermique 24 sont des éléments isolants non structurels ; les éléments isolants dits « structurels » présentant essentiellement des propriétés ou caractéristiques de tenue mécanique supérieures, voire bien supérieures, aux éléments isolants dits « non structurels ». Les éléments isolants structurels peuvent être des blocs de mousse polymère à haute densité optionnellement renforcés de fibres ou des boites en contreplaqué ou composite remplies de garniture isolante tel que de la laine de verre, de la mousse polymère ou de la perlite. Les éléments isolants non structurels peuvent être des blocs de mousse polymère à faible densité ou encore de la laine de verre. The thermal insulation structure 24 of the cover 12 comprises a plurality of insulating elements juxtaposed to each other which may be of similar or different constitution. In a preferred embodiment, the insulating elements located in line with the lower cover wall 23 and the connecting piece 26 are structural insulating elements while the insulating elements located on the periphery of the thermal insulation structure 24 are elements. non-structural insulators; so-called “structural” insulating elements essentially having properties or characteristics of mechanical strength that are superior, or even much superior, to so-called “non-structural” insulating elements. The structural insulating elements can be high density polymer foam blocks optionally reinforced with fibers or plywood or composite boxes filled with insulating padding such as glass wool, polymer foam or perlite. The non-structural insulating elements can be low density polymer foam blocks or glass wool.
[0082] La pièce de liaison 26 comprend une première aile 27 soudée de manière étanche à la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale 6 et une deuxième aile 28 reliée à la première aile 27 et soudée de manière étanche à la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23, tout autour de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23. Cette pièce de liaison 26 est conçue de manière différente selon la conception de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23, par exemple selon une première variante illustrée en figure 3 et selon une deuxième variante illustrée en figure 4. The connecting piece 26 comprises a first wing 27 sealingly welded to the waterproofing membrane of the main structure 6 and a second wing 28 connected to the first wing 27 and sealed to the lower cover wall 23, all around the lower cover wall 23. This connecting piece 26 is designed differently depending on the design of the lower cover wall 23, for example according to a first variant illustrated in FIG. 3 and according to a second variant illustrated in figure 4.
[0083] La figure 3 illustre l’intérieur de la cuve 71 à la jonction entre la structure principale 6 et le couvercle 12 permettant d’illustrer la première variante de la pièce de liaison 26. [0083] Figure 3 illustrates the interior of the tank 71 at the junction between the main structure 6 and the cover 12 to illustrate the first variant of the connecting piece 26.
[0084] Sur cette figure 3, la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 est formée d’un assemblage de plaques métalliques planes 29 soudées les unes autres par chevauchement. Ces plaques métalliques planes 29 sont ici des plaques métalliques planes 29 à faible coefficient de dilatation thermique, dans le cas présent compris entre 0,5.106 et 2.106 K 1, de sorte à très peu se contracter lors du passage du gaz liquéfié dans les conduites de chargement/déchargement 11. Les plaques métalliques planes 29 sont réalisées par exemple dans un alliage de fer et de nickel appelé Invar. In this Figure 3, the lower cover wall 23 is formed by an assembly of flat metal plates 29 welded to each other by overlapping. These flat metal plates 29 are here flat metal plates 29 with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, in the present case between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 , so as to contract very little when the liquefied gas passes through the loading / unloading pipes 11. The flat metal plates 29 are made for example in an alloy of iron and nickel called Invar.
[0085] Dans chacune des variantes, la pièce de liaison 26 est réalisée dans un matériau ayant le même coefficient de dilatation thermique que le matériau de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 de sorte à se contracter et se dilater de manière homogène avec la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23. In each of the variants, the connecting piece 26 is made of a material having the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the material of the lower cover wall 23 so as to contract and expand homogeneously with the lower wall cover 23.
[0086] Ainsi, dans cette première variante, la pièce de liaison 26 est également réalisée dans un alliage de fer et de nickel ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique compris entre 0,5.106 et 2.106 K 1. La pièce de liaison 26 est ainsi formée d’un bandeau continu formée tout autour de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23. Ce bandeau est réalisé à l’aide d’un ou plusieurs éléments de liaison formant la première aile 27 et la deuxième aile 28. Thus, in this first variant, the connecting piece 26 is also made from an alloy of iron and nickel having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 . The connecting piece 26 is thus formed of a continuous strip formed all around the lower cover wall 23. This strip is produced using one or more connecting elements forming the first wing 27 and the second wing 28. .
[0087] Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, la pièce de liaison 26 comprend une troisième aile située dans le même plan que la première aile 27 et reliée à la première aile 27 et à la deuxième aile 28 de sorte à former une pièce de liaison 26 à section en T. La troisième aile est fixée à la structure porteuse de sorte à former un ancrage de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 et de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 au niveau de la pièce de liaison 26. La première aile 27 et la troisième aile peuvent être formées d’un seul tenant. D’une autre façon, la première aile 27 et la deuxième aile 28 peuvent être formées à partir d’une même plaque qui a été courbée. In an embodiment not shown, the connecting piece 26 comprises a third wing located in the same plane as the first wing 27 and connected to the first wing 27 and to the second wing 28 so as to form a part of link 26 with a T-section. The third wing is fixed to the supporting structure so as to form an anchoring of the primary waterproofing membrane 19 and of the lower cover wall 23 at the level of the connecting piece 26. The first wing 27 and the third wing can be formed integrally. Alternatively, the first wing 27 and the second wing 28 can be formed from the same plate which has been bent.
[0088] L’une des conduites de chargement/déchargement 11 est représentée sur la figure 3 traversant le couvercle 12 et notamment la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 par l’un des orifices 14 réalisé sur le couvercle 12. Afin de raccorder de manière étanche la conduite de chargement/déchargement 11 et la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23, la conduite 11 est munie d’une collerette 30 soudée de manière étanche tout autour de celle-ci, cette collerette 30 étant également soudée de manière étanche à la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23. One of the loading / unloading pipes 11 is shown in Figure 3 passing through the cover 12 and in particular the lower cover wall 23 through one of the orifices 14 made on the cover 12. In order to connect in a sealed manner the loading / unloading pipe 11 and the lower cover wall 23, the pipe 11 is provided with a flange 30 welded in a sealed manner all around it, this flange 30 also being welded in a sealed manner to the lower wall of the cover 23.
[0089] La figure 4 illustre la deuxième variante de la pièce de liaison 26. En effet, dans le cas où la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 est réalisée, ou constituée, de la même manière que la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 de la structure principale 6, il est avantageux d’adapter la pièce de liaison 26. FIG. 4 illustrates the second variant of the connecting piece 26. Indeed, in the case where the lower cover wall 23 is produced, or constituted, in the same way as the primary sealing membrane 19 of the main structure 6, it is advantageous to adapt the connecting piece 26.
[0090] Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées 31 qui sont juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche. Les ondulations 20 de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 sont alignées avec les ondulations 20 de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 de la structure principale 6. De manière à réaliser cette continuité au niveau de la pièce de liaison 26 et également pour assurer l’étanchéité de cette liaison, la pièce de liaison 26 est formée d’une pluralité de premiers éléments de liaison 32 et une pluralité de deuxièmes éléments de liaison 33. Les premiers éléments de liaison 32 sont formés par une première plaque plane 34 formant une portion de la première aile 27 et une deuxième plaque planeAs can be seen in Figure 4, the lower cover wall 23 comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 31 which are juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and sealed together. The corrugations 20 of the lower cover wall 23 are aligned with the corrugations 20 of the primary waterproofing membrane 19 of the main structure 6. So as to achieve this continuity at the level of the connecting piece 26 and also to ensure the sealing of this connection, the connecting piece 26 is formed of a plurality of first connecting elements 32 and a plurality of second connecting elements 33. The first connecting elements 32 are formed by a first flat plate 34 forming a portion of the first wing 27 and a second flat plate
35 formant une portion de la deuxième aile 28 de sorte à former un élément à section en L. Les deuxièmes éléments de liaison 33 sont formés par une première plaque ondulée35 forming a portion of the second wing 28 so as to form an L-section element. The second connecting elements 33 are formed by a first corrugated plate
36 comprenant une ondulation 38 et formant une portion de la première aile 27 et par une deuxième plaque ondulée 37 comprenant une ondulation 38 et formant une portion de la deuxième aile 28. Les premiers éléments de liaison 32 et les deuxièmes éléments de liaison 33 sont disposés tout autour de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 de manière alternée. 36 comprising a corrugation 38 and forming a portion of the first wing 27 and by a second corrugated plate 37 comprising a corrugation 38 and forming a portion of the second wing 28. The first connecting elements 32 and the second connecting elements 33 are arranged all around the lower cover wall 23 alternately.
[0091] Ainsi, l’ondulation 37 des deuxièmes éléments de liaison 33 est alignée avec l’une des ondulations 20 de la membrane d’étanchéité de la structure principale 6 et également alignée avec l’une des ondulations 20 de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23, comme visible sur la figure 4. Les deuxièmes éléments de liaison 33 permettent ainsi d’assurer la continuité des ondulations au niveau de la pièce de liaison 26 tout en assurant l’étanchéité en venant épouser les bords de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 et de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23. Thus, the corrugation 37 of the second connecting elements 33 is aligned with one of the corrugations 20 of the waterproofing membrane of the main structure 6 and also aligned with one of the corrugations 20 of the lower wall of cover 23, as can be seen in FIG. 4. The second connecting elements 33 thus make it possible to ensure the continuity of the corrugations at the level of the connecting part 26 while ensuring the seal by fitting the edges of the sealing membrane. primary 19 and the lower cover wall 23.
[0092] Les figures 5 et 6 représentent un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’installation de stockage 1. Contrairement au premier mode de réalisation, la paroi supérieure de couvercle 22 est ici placée dans le plan de paroi porteuse supérieure interne 4 ou pont interne 4. Ainsi, dans ce mode de réalisation, la structure principale 6 de la cuve 71 ne comporte pas de cheminée 15 et s’arrête dans sa portion supérieure à la paroi de plafond 7. Le couvercle 12 est donc le prolongement de la paroi de plafond 7 permettant le passage des conduites de chargement/déchargement 11 et de la tour de chargement/déchargement 13 sans faire saillie du pont interne 4 et a fortiori du pont externe 5, comme visible sur la figure 5. Le couvercle 12 permet de relier la paroi de plafond 7 à la paroi de cofferdam arrière 8 au droit de l’ouverture. Le pont externe 5 peut être muni d’un élément de fermeture venant se positionner au droit de l’ouverture afin de clôturer le pont externe 5 après insertion des conduites de chargement/déchargement 11 et du couvercle 12. [0093] La figure 6 illustre de manière plus détaillée et de façon schématique la zone de l’ouverture de l’installation de stockage 1 dans le deuxième mode de réalisation. La conception du couvercle 12 dans ce mode de réalisation est très similaire au premier mode de réalisation. Toutefois, la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23 est ici dans le même plan que la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 de la paroi de plafond 7 et est raccordée de manière étanche à celle-ci sur trois des bords de la paroi inférieure de couvercle 23, le quatrième bord étant raccordé comme dans le premier mode de réalisation à la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 de la paroi de cofferdam arrière 8 à l’aide d’éléments de la pièce de liaison 26 à section en L ou en T. La pièce de liaison 26 comporte donc au niveau des trois bords raccordés à la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 19 de plafond des éléments de liaison pour lesquels la première aile 27 et la deuxième aile 28 sont formées dans un même plan. Figures 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the storage installation 1. Unlike the first embodiment, the upper cover wall 22 is here placed in the plane of the upper internal load-bearing wall 4 or internal bridge 4. Thus, in this embodiment, the main structure 6 of the tank 71 does not include a chimney 15 and stops in its upper portion at the ceiling wall 7. The cover 12 is therefore the extension of the wall of the ceiling. ceiling 7 allowing the passage of the loading / unloading pipes 11 and of the loading / unloading tower 13 without protruding from the internal bridge 4 and a fortiori from the external bridge 5, as visible in FIG. 5. The cover 12 makes it possible to connect the ceiling wall 7 to the rear cofferdam wall 8 to the right of the opening. The external bridge 5 can be provided with a closing element which is positioned in line with the opening in order to close the external bridge 5 after insertion of the loading / unloading pipes 11 and of the cover 12. Figure 6 illustrates in more detail and schematically the area of the opening of the storage installation 1 in the second embodiment. The design of the cover 12 in this embodiment is very similar to the first embodiment. However, the lower cover wall 23 is here in the same plane as the primary sealing membrane 19 of the ceiling wall 7 and is sealingly connected thereto on three of the edges of the lower cover wall 23, the fourth edge being connected as in the first embodiment to the primary waterproofing membrane 19 of the rear cofferdam wall 8 by means of elements of the connecting piece 26 with L or T section. connecting element 26 therefore comprises, at the level of the three edges connected to the primary roof waterproofing membrane 19, connecting elements for which the first wing 27 and the second wing 28 are formed in the same plane.
[0094] Le gaz liquéfié destiné à être stocké dans la cuve 71 peut notamment être un gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), c’est-à-dire un mélange gazeux comportant majoritairement du méthane ainsi qu’un ou plusieurs autres hydrocarbures. Le gaz liquéfié peut également être de l’éthane ou un gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL), c’est-à-dire un mélange d’hydrocarbures issu du raffinage du pétrole comportant essentiellement du propane et du butane. The liquefied gas intended to be stored in the tank 71 can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture mainly comprising methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons. Liquefied gas can also be ethane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from the refining of petroleum comprising mainly propane and butane.
[0095] En référence à la figure 7, une vue écorchée d’un navire méthanier 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 71 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une barrière étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une barrière étanche secondaire agencée entre la barrière étanche primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la barrière étanche primaire et la barrière étanche secondaire et entre la barrière étanche secondaire et la double coque 72. Referring to Figure 7, a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary watertight barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary watertight barrier arranged between the primary watertight barrier and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the vessel. primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double shell 72.
[0096] De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71. In a manner known per se, the loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
[0097] La figure 7 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement. [0098] Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75. FIG. 7 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible hoses 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be swiveled and adapts to all LNG carrier templates. A connecting pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77. The latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations. To generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station are used. 75.
[0099] Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these come within the scope of the invention.
[0100] L’usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n’exclut pas la présence d’autres éléments ou d’autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. [0101] Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication. [0100] The use of the verb "comprise", "understand" or "include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those set out in a claim. [0101] In the claims, any reference sign between parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] [installation de stockage (1) pour gaz liquéfié comprenant une structure porteuse (2, 3) et une cuve (71) étanche et thermiquement isolante agencée dans la structure porteuse (2, 3), la cuve (71) étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une structure principale (6) formée par une pluralité de parois de cuve reliées les unes aux autres et fixées à la structure porteuse (2, 3), la structure principale (6) définissant un espace interne de stockage, la structure principale (6) comprenant au moins une membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19) et au moins une barrière thermiquement isolante (16, 18), la barrière thermiquement isolante (16, 18) étant placée entre la membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19) et la structure porteuse (2, 3), la structure porteuse (2, 3) comportant une paroi porteuse supérieure (4, 5) sensiblement plane, la membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19), la barrière thermiquement isolante (16, 18) de la structure principale (6) et la paroi porteuse supérieure (4, 5) étant interrompues localement de manière à délimiter une ouverture de chargement/déchargement (10) destinée à être traversée par des conduites de chargement/déchargement (11) en fluide, dans laquelle la cuve (71) comporte un couvercle (12) disposé dans l’ouverture de chargement/déchargement (10), et dans laquelle le couvercle (12) comprend une paroi supérieure de couvercle (22), une paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) et une structure d’isolation thermique (24) située entre la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) et la paroi supérieure de couvercle (22), la paroi supérieure de couvercle (22) étant placée dans le plan de la paroi porteuse supérieure (4, 5) et fixée à la paroi porteuse supérieure (4, 5), et la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) étant raccordée de manière étanche à la membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19) de la structure principale (6) à l’aide d’une pièce de liaison (26). [Claim 1] [storage installation (1) for liquefied gas comprising a supporting structure (2, 3) and a sealed and thermally insulating tank (71) arranged in the supporting structure (2, 3), the sealed tank (71) and thermally insulating comprising a main structure (6) formed by a plurality of tank walls connected to each other and fixed to the supporting structure (2, 3), the main structure (6) defining an internal storage space, the structure main (6) comprising at least one waterproofing membrane (17, 19) and at least one thermally insulating barrier (16, 18), the thermally insulating barrier (16, 18) being placed between the waterproofing membrane (17, 19) and the supporting structure (2, 3), the supporting structure (2, 3) comprising a substantially planar upper supporting wall (4, 5), the waterproofing membrane (17, 19), the thermally insulating barrier (16 , 18) of the main structure (6) and the upper bearing wall (4, 5) being inter locally broken so as to delimit a loading / unloading opening (10) intended to be crossed by fluid loading / unloading conduits (11), in which the tank (71) comprises a cover (12) arranged in the opening loading / unloading (10), and wherein the cover (12) comprises an upper cover wall (22), a lower cover wall (23) and a thermal insulation structure (24) located between the lower wall of the cover (22). cover (23) and the upper cover wall (22), the upper cover wall (22) being placed in the plane of the upper supporting wall (4, 5) and fixed to the upper supporting wall (4, 5), and the lower cover wall (23) being sealingly connected to the sealing membrane (17, 19) of the main structure (6) by means of a connecting piece (26).
[Revendication 2] Installation de stockage (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la paroi porteuse supérieure est une paroi porteuse supérieure interne (4), la structure porteuse comportant une structure porteuse interne (2) comprenant la paroi porteuse supérieure interne (4) sensiblement plane et une structure porteuse externe (3) comprenant une paroi porteuse supérieure externe (5) sensiblement plane disposée au-dessus de la paroi porteuse supérieure interne (4), la structure principale (6) de la cuve (71) étant agencée dans la structure porteuse interne (2). [Claim 2] A storage facility (1) according to claim 1, wherein the upper supporting wall is an internal upper supporting wall (4), the supporting structure comprising an internal supporting structure (2) comprising the upper internal supporting wall (4). ) substantially planar and an outer bearing structure (3) comprising a substantially planar outer upper bearing wall (5) disposed above the inner upper bearing wall (4), the main structure (6) of the vessel (71) being arranged in the internal supporting structure (2).
[Revendication 3] Installation de stockage (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la paroi porteuse supérieure est une paroi porteuse supérieure externe (5), la structure porteuse comportant une structure porteuse interne (2) comprenant une paroi porteuse supérieure interne (4) sensiblement plane et une structure porteuse externe (3) comprenant la paroi porteuse supérieure externe (5) sensiblement plane disposée au-dessus de la paroi porteuse supérieure interne (4), la structure principale (6) de la cuve (71) étant agencée dans la structure porteuse interne (2). [Claim 3] A storage facility (1) according to claim 1, wherein the upper load-bearing wall is an outer upper load-bearing wall (5), the structure load-bearing structure comprising an internal load-bearing structure (2) comprising a substantially planar upper internal load-bearing wall (4) and an external load-bearing structure (3) comprising the upper external load-bearing wall (5) substantially planar disposed above the upper internal load-bearing wall ( 4), the main structure (6) of the tank (71) being arranged in the internal supporting structure (2).
[Revendication 4] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle l’ouverture de chargement/déchargement (10) présente un contour rectangulaire. [Claim 4] A storage facility (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the loading / unloading opening (10) has a rectangular outline.
[Revendication 5] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19) de la structure principale (6) et la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) sont réalisées dans un matériau métallique, la pièce de liaison (26) étant soudée de manière étanche à la membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19) de la structure principale (6) et à la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23). [Claim 5] Storage installation (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sealing membrane (17, 19) of the main structure (6) and the lower cover wall (23) are made in a metallic material, the connecting piece (26) being welded in a sealed manner to the sealing membrane (17, 19) of the main structure (6) and to the lower cover wall (23).
[Revendication 6] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) est réalisée dans un matériau imperméable aux gaz et aux liquides de sorte que l’ensemble constitué par la membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19) de la structure principale (6), la pièce de liaison (26) et la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) forme la membrane d’étanchéité de la cuve (71). [Claim 6] Storage installation (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lower cover wall (23) is made of a material impermeable to gases and liquids so that the assembly constituted by the waterproofing membrane (17, 19) of the main structure (6), the connecting piece (26) and the lower cover wall (23) form the waterproofing membrane of the tank (71).
[Revendication 7] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle le coefficient de dilatation thermique du matériau de la pièce de liaison (26) est égal au coefficient de dilatation thermique du matériau de la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23). [Claim 7] Storage installation (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the connecting piece (26) is equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the bottom wall cover (23).
[Revendication 8] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle l’installation de stockage (1) comprend une tour de chargement/déchargement (13) comportant une pluralité de conduites de chargement/déchargement (11), les conduites de chargement/déchargement (11) traversant de manière étanche le couvercle par des orifices (14) ménagés dans le couvercle (12). [Claim 8] Storage installation (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the storage installation (1) comprises a loading / unloading tower (13) comprising a plurality of loading / unloading pipes ( 11), the loading / unloading pipes (11) sealingly passing through the cover via orifices (14) formed in the cover (12).
[Revendication 9] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle la membrane d’étanchéité comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées (31), les tôles métalliques ondulées (31) étant juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche, les tôles métalliques étant réalisées en acier inoxydable. [Claim 9] Storage installation (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the waterproofing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets (31), the corrugated metal sheets (31) being juxtaposed in a pattern repeated and welded together in a sealed manner, the metal sheets being made of stainless steel.
[Revendication 10] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle la pièce de liaison (26) comprend une première aile (27) fixée à la membrane d’étanchéité (17, 19) de la structure principale (6) et une deuxième aile (28) reliée à la première aile (27) et fixée à la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23). [Claim 10] Storage installation (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the connecting piece (26) comprises a first wing (27) fixed to the sealing membrane (17, 19) of the main structure (6) and a second wing (28) connected to the first wing (27) and fixed to the lower cover wall (23).
[Revendication 11] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à[Claim 11] Storage facility (1) according to one of claims 1 to
10, dans laquelle la pièce de liaison (26) comprend une troisième aile reliée à la première aile (27) et/ou la deuxième aile (28), la troisième aile étant fixée à la structure porteuse. 10, in which the connecting piece (26) comprises a third wing connected to the first wing (27) and / or the second wing (28), the third wing being fixed to the supporting structure.
[Revendication 12] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à[Claim 12] Storage facility (1) according to one of claims 1 to
11, dans laquelle la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) comporte une pluralité de plaques métalliques planes (29), les plaques métalliques planes (29) étant assemblées les unes aux autres, la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) étant réalisée dans un alliage de fer et de nickel présentant un coefficient de dilatation thermique compris entre 0,5.106 et 2.106 K1. 11, wherein the lower cover wall (23) comprises a plurality of flat metal plates (29), the flat metal plates (29) being joined to each other, the lower cover wall (23) being made of an alloy of iron and nickel having a thermal expansion coefficient between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 .
[Revendication 13] Installation de stockage (1) selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la pièce de liaison (26) est réalisée dans un alliage de fer et de nickel présentant un coefficient de dilatation thermique compris entre 0,5.106 et 2.106 K 1. [Claim 13] Storage installation (1) according to claim 12, in which the connecting piece (26) is made of an iron and nickel alloy having a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 .
[Revendication 14] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 11, dans laquelle la paroi inférieure de couvercle (23) comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques ondulées (31), les tôles métalliques ondulées (31) étant juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche, les tôles métalliques étant réalisées en acier inoxydable. [Claim 14] Storage installation (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the lower cover wall (23) comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets (31), the corrugated metal sheets (31) being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and sealed together, the metal sheets being made of stainless steel.
[Revendication 15] Installation de stockage (1) selon la revendication 14, dans laquelle la pièce de liaison (26) est réalisée en acier inoxydable. [Claim 15] A storage installation (1) according to claim 14, in which the connecting piece (26) is made of stainless steel.
[Revendication 16] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à[Claim 16] Storage facility (1) according to one of claims 1 to
15, dans laquelle la structure d’isolation thermique (24) du couvercle (12) comprend au moins un bloc de mousse polymère. 15, wherein the thermal insulation structure (24) of the cover (12) comprises at least one block of polymer foam.
[Revendication 17] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à[Claim 17] Storage facility (1) according to one of claims 1 to
16, dans laquelle la structure d’isolation thermique (24) du couvercle (12) comprend une pluralité de boîtes juxtaposées les unes aux autres et remplies d’une garniture isolante. 16, wherein the thermal insulation structure (24) of the cover (12) comprises a plurality of boxes juxtaposed to each other and filled with an insulating gasket.
[Revendication 18] Installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à[Claim 18] Storage facility (1) according to one of claims 1 to
17, dans laquelle la membrane d’étanchéité est une membrane d’étanchéité primaire (19), la barrière thermiquement isolante est une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (18) et dans laquelle la structure principale (6) de la cuve (71) comprend, dans une direction d’épaisseur de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la cuve (71), une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (16) fixée à la structure porteuse, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (17) portée par la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (16), la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (18) portée par la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (17), et la membrane d’étanchéité primaire (19) portée par la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (18) étant destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié. 17, wherein the waterproofing membrane is a primary waterproofing membrane (19), the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermally insulating barrier (18) and wherein the main structure (6) of the vessel (71) comprises, in a thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the vessel (71), a secondary thermally insulating barrier (16) attached to the supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane (17) carried by the thermally insulating barrier secondary (16), the primary thermally insulating barrier (18) carried by the secondary waterproofing membrane (17), and the primary waterproofing membrane (19) carried by the primary thermally insulating barrier (18) being intended to be in contact with liquefied gas.
[Revendication 19] Navire (70) pour le transport d’un produit liquide froid, le navire comportant une double coque (72) et une installation de stockage (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 18 disposée dans la double coque. [Claim 19] Ship (70) for transporting a cold liquid product, the ship comprising a double hull (72) and a storage facility (1) according to one of claims 1 to 18 arranged in the double hull.
[Revendication 20] Navire (70) selon la revendication 19, dans lequel le navire (70) comporte une installation de stockage (1) selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, un pont interne (4) et un pont externe (5), la paroi porteuse supérieure interne (4) de la structure porteuse étant formée par le pont interne (4) et la paroi porteuse supérieure externe (5) étant formée par le pont externe (5). [Claim 20] A vessel (70) according to claim 19, wherein the vessel (70) includes a storage facility (1) according to claim 2 or claim 3, an inner deck (4) and an outer deck (5). , the upper inner load-bearing wall (4) of the load-bearing structure being formed by the inner bridge (4) and the upper outer load-bearing wall (5) being formed by the outer bridge (5).
[Revendication 21] Système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 19 ou la revendication 20, des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (71) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. [Claim 21] A transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a vessel (70) according to claim 19 or claim 20, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged so as to connect the vessel ( 71) installed in the hull of the ship at an external floating or onshore storage facility (77) and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through insulated pipelines from or to the external floating or onshore storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
[Revendication 22] Procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un navire (70) selon la revendication 19 ou la revendication 20, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) depuis ou vers une installation externe de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis la cuve du navire (71). ] [Claim 22] A method of loading or unloading a ship (70) according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to an external floating or terrestrial storage installation (77) to or from the vessel of the vessel (71). ]
PCT/EP2021/050303 2020-01-10 2021-01-08 Storage facility for liquefied gas WO2021140218A1 (en)

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WO2023227379A1 (en) * 2022-05-24 2023-11-30 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Dome structure for a sealed and thermally insulating tank

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FR3136034A1 (en) * 2022-05-24 2023-12-01 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Dome structure for a waterproof and thermally insulating tank

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CN114945770A (en) 2022-08-26
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FR3106193A1 (en) 2021-07-16
FR3106193B1 (en) 2023-11-24

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