WO2020079342A1 - Thermally insulating and leak-tight tank wall - Google Patents

Thermally insulating and leak-tight tank wall Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020079342A1
WO2020079342A1 PCT/FR2019/052351 FR2019052351W WO2020079342A1 WO 2020079342 A1 WO2020079342 A1 WO 2020079342A1 FR 2019052351 W FR2019052351 W FR 2019052351W WO 2020079342 A1 WO2020079342 A1 WO 2020079342A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating
tank
wall
rod
sealing membrane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2019/052351
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mohamed Sassi
Pierre Jean
Original Assignee
Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport Et Technigaz filed Critical Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Priority to KR1020217014895A priority Critical patent/KR20210104665A/en
Publication of WO2020079342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020079342A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of a fluid, such as liquefied gas, and relates more particularly to a wall for such a tank.
  • Sealed and thermally insulating tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored, at atmospheric pressure, at around -163 ° C or for the storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • LPG liquefied petroleum gas
  • These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank can be intended for the transport of liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
  • Tank walls having a multilayer structure which comprise, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier fixed inside a support structure, a secondary sealing membrane, a primary thermally insulating barrier and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the interior space of the tank.
  • the primary thermally insulating barrier not very thick, is formed by rigid plywood plates which rest against the secondary sealing membrane and aims mainly to maintain a spacing in the thickness direction of the tank wall between the membrane. primary sealing and the secondary sealing membrane.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane have undulations projecting towards the inside of the tank which allow said membranes to deform under the effect of thermal stresses.
  • the primary and secondary waterproofing membranes are anchored on insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier by means of anchoring devices.
  • Each anchoring device comprises a primary connecting member on which the sheets of the primary sealing membrane are welded in leaktight manner and a secondary connecting member on which the sheets of the secondary sealing membrane are welded in leaktight manner.
  • the primary connecting members are retained on an anchoring support plate which is housed in a recess provided on the external face of one of the insulating blocks.
  • the anchoring support plate is fixed to a rod which passes through the insulating block through a well. The rod also cooperates with a support member which bears inwardly of the tank against an external face of the insulating block so as to retain the rod.
  • the thermal gradient inside the secondary thermally insulating barrier is particularly significant. Indeed, the temperature in the secondary thermally insulating barrier is likely to range between approximately -160 ° C, near the secondary waterproofing membrane, and approximately +20 ° C near the supporting structure. Such temperature gradients are capable of inducing significant convection movements, inside the secondary thermally insulating barrier, which considerably degrade the thermal insulation performance of said secondary thermally insulating barrier.
  • One idea underlying the invention is to propose a tank wall of the aforementioned type in which the thermal insulation performance is increased.
  • the invention provides a tank wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising, in a thickness direction of the tank wall, from the outside to the inside of the tank wall, a secondary thermally insulating barrier intended to be anchored on a supporting structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting on the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a primary thermally insulating barrier resting on the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane resting on the primary thermally insulating barrier, the primary seal comprising at least one primary corrugation projecting towards the inside of the vessel wall, the secondary waterproofing membrane comprising at least one secondary corrugation projecting towards the primary sealing membrane, inside said primary corrugation ; the secondary waterproofing membrane being anchored to an insulating block of the secondary thermally insulating barrier by means of an anchoring device comprising:
  • anchor support plate on which the secondary sealing membrane is retained, said anchor support plate being in abutment, towards the outside of the tank wall, against an internal bearing surface of the insulating block ;
  • a rod which crosses the insulating block through a well made in said insulating block said rod being fixed, on the one hand, to the anchoring support plate and, on the other hand, to a member of support which is inwardly in contact with the vessel wall against an external surface of the insulating block so as to anchor said anchoring support plate to the insulating block;
  • said vessel wall comprising an insulating lining element which is housed in the well, around the rod, the insulating lining element comprising layers of insulating material stacked one above the other in the thickness direction of the tank wall and separated from each other by anti-convection barriers.
  • such a tank wall may include one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the anti-convection barriers extend orthogonally to the thickness direction of the tank wall. According to one embodiment, the anti-convection barriers are spaced from each other by a distance of between 2 and 10 cm.
  • the well is delimited by a well wall and the rod extends along a longitudinal axis parallel to the thickness direction of the tank wall, the insulating lining element being compressed radially to the longitudinal axis of the rod between said rod and the well wall. This makes it possible to further limit and avoid convection movements inside the well.
  • the radial clearance between the rod and the well wall is between 8 and 30 mm, for example of the order of 10 mm.
  • the anti-convection barriers are made of a material chosen from kraft paper, polyethylene films and aluminum films.
  • the layers of insulating material have a density of less than 90 kg / m 3 . This makes it easier to place the insulating packing element in a position in which it is compressed between the rod and the well wall.
  • the layers of insulating material have a density of between 20 and 50 kg / m 3 .
  • the layers of insulating material are made of a material chosen from glass wool, rock wool, polyester wadding, polyurethane foam, melamine foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam and silicone foam.
  • the insulating lining element is a sleeve surrounding the rod and housed in the well.
  • Such an insulating packing element is particularly simple to position in the well, around the rod.
  • the well and the sleeve are of cylindrical shape, the sleeve having, in the free state, an internal diameter which is less than a diameter of the rod and an external diameter which is greater than a diameter of the well.
  • the insulating lining element is a strip which is wound around the rod.
  • the strip has a thickness which is greater than the clearance between the rod and the well wall.
  • the anchoring device comprises a secondary connecting member on which are welded in a sealed manner sheets of the secondary sealing membrane, the secondary connecting member being anchored to the anchoring support plate .
  • the anchoring device comprises a primary connection member comprising an internal portion on which are welded in leaktight manner sheets of the primary sealing membrane, and a flange portion which extends towards the outside of the tank wall and which is fixed to the secondary connecting member.
  • the flange portion of the primary connecting member is fixed to the secondary connecting member by welding.
  • the secondary connecting member comprises a flange portion having an annular edge which is oriented orthogonal to the thickness direction of the tank wall and which is pressed against the anchoring support plate by means of an anchor support cover which is fixed to the anchor support plate.
  • the anchor support cover is welded to the anchor support plate.
  • the anchoring support plate is housed in a recess in the insulating block.
  • the anchoring support plate has a hole through which the rod passes, the rod having a head which is pressed outwards from the tank wall against the anchoring support plate.
  • the head is welded to the anchoring support plate.
  • the rod has a threaded end on which a bolt is mounted. The bolt being inwardly in contact with the vessel wall against the bearing member.
  • the support member is a washer having a hole through which the threaded end of the rod passes.
  • the insulating block comprises a rigid plate, for example made of plywood, forming the internal bearing surface of the insulating block, said rigid plate having a hole through which the rod of the anchoring device passes.
  • the insulating block comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between an internal panel and an external panel, rigid.
  • the insulating lining element extends in the thickness direction of the tank wall between the rigid plate forming the internal support surface and the external panel of the insulating block.
  • the external panel forms the external support surface of the insulating block.
  • the primary thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of panels, for example of plywood, fixed to the secondary waterproofing membrane and maintaining the spacing between the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane .
  • the invention also provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a said tank wall.
  • the invention also provides a vessel comprising a said tank.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned ship, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or land storage installation. and a pump to drive a fluid to through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or ground storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a ship, in which a fluid is conveyed through insulated pipes from or to a floating or land storage installation to or from the tank of the ship.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank according to one embodiment in a plane passing through an anchoring device ensuring the anchoring of the primary and secondary sealing membranes to a insulating block of the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an insulating lining element according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an insulating lining element according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cutaway view of an LNG tank and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
  • a wall 1 is described for a sealed and thermally insulating tank intended for the storage of a liquefied gas.
  • the liquefied gas can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG) or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
  • Each wall 1 comprises a multilayer structure which successively has, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, in the thickness direction of the wall 1, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 resting against a support structure 3, a membrane d secondary seal 4 anchored on the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2, a primary thermally insulating barrier 5 resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4, and a primary sealing membrane 6 resting against the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 and intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the interior space of the tank.
  • the supporting structure 3 is, for example, formed by the double hull of a ship but can more generally be formed from any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
  • the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprises insulating blocks 7 which are juxtaposed and anchored on the support structure 3.
  • each insulating block 7 comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam 8 sandwiched between an internal panel 9 and a external panel 10.
  • the panels, internal 9 and external 10, comprise, for example, plywood sheets glued to said layer of insulating polymer foam 8.
  • the insulating polymer foam 8 can in particular be a polyurethane foam, possibly of high density and optionally reinforced with glass fibers.
  • the insulating blocks 7 are anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of fixing devices 16, shown in FIG. 2, which will be detailed later.
  • the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 comprises a plurality of metal sheets which are welded to each other, in a leaktight manner.
  • the metal sheets have corrugations 11, 12 which allow the secondary sealing membrane 4 to be flexible so as to be able to deform under the effect of the thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the liquefied gas stored in the tank.
  • the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises a plurality of panels 13, for example of plywood, resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4.
  • the panels 13 aim to maintain a spacing in the thickness direction of the tank wall 1 between the primary sealing membrane 6 and the secondary sealing membrane 4.
  • the panels 13 are for example fixed on the secondary sealing membrane 4 by fixing means, not illustrated.
  • the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 has a plurality of openings through which the corrugations 11, 12 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 protrude towards the interior of the tank.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 comprises a plurality of metal sheets which are welded to each other, in a leaktight manner.
  • the metal sheets of the primary sealing membrane 6 also have corrugations 14, 15 which allow the primary sealing membrane 6 to be flexible.
  • the corrugations 14, 15 of the primary sealing membrane 6 are positioned in line with the corrugations 11, 12 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 so that the corrugations 11, 12 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 each protrude at the interior of one of the corrugations 14, 15 of the primary sealing membrane 6.
  • the insulating blocks 7 are anchored to the support structure 3 by means of fixing devices 16 each comprising a stud 17 welded to the support structure 3 and projecting from the support structure 3 towards the interior of the tank and a retaining member 18 which is fixed to the end of the stud 17 and which is in abutment against a bearing surface 19 of the insulating block 7 so as to retain it against the support structure 3.
  • the insulating blocks 7 are provided of cylindrical wells 20 which pass through the insulating blocks 7 over their entire thickness.
  • the cylindrical wells 20 have a change in section, the section of the cylindrical wells 20 being wider at the level of the insulating polymeric foam layer 8 and of the internal panel 9 than of the external panel 10 so as to form, at the level of the external panel 10, the bearing surface 19 for the retaining member 18 which is fixed to the end of the stud 17.
  • the retaining member 18 is for example an annular metallic plate which has a bore threaded onto the stud 17.
  • a nut 21 cooperates with a thread of the stud 17 so as to secure the retaining member 18 on the stud 17.
  • Belleville washers are threaded on the stud 17, between the nut 21 and the retaining member 18, which ensures elastic anchoring of the insulating blocks 7 on the support structure 3.
  • Insulating plugs 22 of polymer foam insulators are arranged in the cylindrical wells 20 in order to ensure continuity of the thermal insulation of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 and the secondary sealing membrane 4 are anchored on at least some of the insulating blocks 7 of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 by means of anchoring devices 23, one of which is shown on Figure 2.
  • Each anchoring device 23 comprises a primary connection member 24 on which the adjacent metal sheets of the primary sealing membrane 6 are welded in leaktight manner and a secondary connection member 25 on which the adjacent metal sheets are welded in sealing manner of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
  • the primary connecting member 24 comprises an internal portion 26 which is orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall 1 and which comprises a peripheral recess 27 in which the metal sheets are welded to overlap adjacent to the primary sealing membrane 6.
  • the primary connecting member 24 has a flange portion 28 which extends towards the outside of the tank, parallel to the thickness direction of the tank wall 1, from the periphery of the internal portion 26 of the primary connection member 24.
  • the flange portion 28 of the primary connection member 24 is welded e on an internal portion 29 of the secondary connection member 25.
  • the flange portion 28 of the primary connection member 24 thus makes it possible to maintain the spacing between the primary sealing membrane 6 and the secondary sealing membrane 4 at the anchoring device 23.
  • the secondary connecting member 25 has an internal portion 29 which is planar and a flange portion 30 which is anchored to an anchoring support plate 31.
  • the adjacent metal sheets of the secondary sealing membrane 4 are welded to a peripheral portion of the internal portion 29 of the secondary connection member 25, around the flange portion 28 of the primary connection member 24.
  • the secondary connection member 25 is housed in a recess 32 formed in one of the insulating blocks 7 so that the internal portion 29 of the secondary connecting member 25 is flush with the surface of the external panel 9 of the insulating blocks 7. This makes it possible to ensure the flatness of the support surface of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
  • the bottom of the recess 32 is covered by a rigid plate 33, for example made of plywood.
  • the flange portion 30 of the secondary connecting member 25 has an annular edge 34 which extends orthogonally to the thickness direction of the wall 1.
  • the annular edge 34 is pressed against the anchoring support plate 31 at by means of an anchor support cover 35, illustrated in FIG. 2, which is welded, at its edges, to said anchor support plate 31.
  • an anchor support cover 35 illustrated in FIG. 2, which is welded, at its edges, to said anchor support plate 31.
  • the internal panel 9 of the insulating block 7 covers the annular edge 34 of the flange portion 30 of the secondary connecting member 25, the anchoring support cover 35 and the support plate d anchor 31.
  • Each anchoring device 23 further comprises a rod 36 which is fixed to the anchoring support plate 31 and which passes through the insulating block 7 through a well 37, of cylindrical shape for example.
  • the well 37 passes through the insulating block 7 in the thickness direction of the wall 1 and opens, on the one hand, into the recess 32 and, on the other hand, opposite the support structure 3.
  • the rod 36 passes through a hole in the rigid plate 33 which covers the bottom of the recess 32 and a hole in the anchor support plate 31.
  • the rod 36 has a head 38 which is in abutment against the anchoring support plate 31. According to one embodiment, the head 38 of the rod 36 is welded to the anchoring support plate 31.
  • the rod 36 has a threaded end on which a bolt 39 is mounted.
  • the bolt 39 bears inwardly of the tank wall 1 against a support member 40 which bears inwardly of the tank wall 1 against the insulating block 7.
  • the support member 40 is a sheet metal washer which has a hole through which the threaded end of the rod passes 36.
  • the external panel 10 of the insulating block comprises two plates which sandwich the support member 40.
  • the support 40 includes orifices through which pass the studs 17 of the fastening devices 16 ensuring the anchoring of the insulating blocks 7 to the support structure 3.
  • the support member 40 bears against the external surface of the external panel 10.
  • the support member 40 does not is not crossed by the studs 17 of the fixing devices 16 ensuring the anchoring of the insulating blocks 7 to the support structure 3.
  • the well 37 is stuffed with an insulating lining element 41 which is compressed in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the rod 36 between the well wall delimiting the well 37 and the rod 36.
  • the insulating lining element 41 thus aims to reduce or eliminate the convection movements through the well 37.
  • the insulating lining element 41 has a plurality of layers of insulating material 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d which are separated from each other by anti-convection barriers 42.
  • the anti-convection barriers 42 are for example formed kraft paper, polyethylene film or aluminum film.
  • the thickness of each of the layers of insulating material is for example between 2 and 10 cm.
  • the insulating material of the layers of the insulating lining element 41 has a density of less than 90 kg / m 3 and for example between 20 and 50 kg / m 3 .
  • the insulating material is for example glass wool but can also be chosen from rock wool, polyester wadding, polyurethane foam, melamine foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam and silicone foam.
  • the insulating lining element 41 is inserted into the well 37 by the external face of the insulating blocks 7, before the insulating blocks 7 are fixed to the support structure 3.
  • the insulating lining element 41 can be inserted into the well 37 before or after the insertion of the rod 36 into the well 37.
  • the section of the well 37 and the section of the rod 36 are such that there is sufficient clearance between the wall of the well 37 and the rod 36 to allow the establishment of the insulating lining element 41.
  • the radial clearance between the rod 36 and the cylindrical wall of the well is between 8 and 30 mm, for example of the order of 10 mm.
  • the insulating lining element 41 has the form of a sleeve 43 adapted to come and thread on the rod 36.
  • the internal diameter of the sleeve 43 is slightly less than the section of the rod 36.
  • the internal diameter of the sleeve 43 is 0.5 to 4 mm less than the section of the rod 36.
  • the outside diameter of the sleeve 43 is slightly greater than the section of the cylindrical well 37.
  • the outside diameter of the sleeve 43 is 0.5 to 4 mm greater than the section of the well 37. This makes it possible to avoid the presence of empty spaces which promote convection movements.
  • the insulating lining element 41 is presented in the initial state in the form of a strip 44 whose length is slightly greater than the dimension of the perimeter of the section of the well 37 which corresponds to the generator of the cylinder delimiting the well 37 when the latter is cylindrical.
  • the insulating lining element 41 is folded back inside the well 37.
  • the thickness of the strip 44 of the insulating lining element 41 is less than the radial clearance between the wall of the well 37 and the rod 36, which makes it possible to avoid the presence of empty space promoting convection movements.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane and between the secondary waterproofing membrane and the double shell 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • FIG. 6 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and a shore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74.
  • the mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the mobile arm 74 can be adjusted to suit all LNG tankers' sizes .
  • a connection pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
  • This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the subsea pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
  • the subsea pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a tank wall (1) for a leak-tight and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, comprising a secondary sealing membrane (4) which is anchored in an insulating block (7) of a secondary thermally insulating barrier (2) by means of an anchoring device (23) comprising:- an anchoring support plate (31), on which the secondary sealing membrane (4) is held; and - a rod (36) which extends through the insulating block (7) through a shaft (37) which is provided in the insulating block (7), the rod (36) being attached, on the one hand, to the anchoring support plate (31) and, on the other hand, to an abutment member (40) which is in abutment towards the interior of the tank wall (1) against the insulating block (7) so as to anchor the anchoring support plate (31) in the insulating block (7); said tank wall (1) comprising an insulating lining element (41) which is received in the shaft (37), around the rod (36), the insulating lining element (41) comprising layers of insulating material (41a, 41b, 41c, 41d) which are stacked one above the other in the direction of the thickness of the tank wall (1) and which are separated from each other by anti-convection barriers (42).

Description

PAROI D’UNE CUVE ETANCHE ET THERMIQUEMENT ISOLANTE  WALL OF A WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK
Domaine technique Technical area
L’invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour le stockage et/ou le transport d’un fluide, tel que du gaz liquéfié, et concerne plus particulièrement une paroi pour une telle cuve.  The invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of a fluid, such as liquefied gas, and relates more particularly to a wall for such a tank.
Des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes sont notamment employées pour le stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), qui est stocké, à pression atmosphérique, à environ -163°C ou pour le stockage de gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL). Ces cuves peuvent être installées à terre ou sur un ouvrage flottant. Dans le cas d’un ouvrage flottant, la cuve peut être destinée au transport de gaz liquéfié ou à recevoir du gaz liquéfié servant de carburant pour la propulsion de l’ouvrage flottant.  Sealed and thermally insulating tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored, at atmospheric pressure, at around -163 ° C or for the storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank can be intended for the transport of liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
Arrière-plan technologique  Technological background
Le document US20170159888 divulgue des parois de cuve présentant une structure multicouche qui comportent, de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la cuve, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire fixée à l’intérieur d’une structure porteuse, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans l’espace intérieur de la cuve. La barrière thermiquement isolante primaire, peu épaisse, est formée par des plaques rigides en bois contreplaqué qui reposent contre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et vise principalement à maintenir un écartement selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire. La membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire comportent des ondulations faisant saillie vers l’intérieur de la cuve qui permettent auxdites membranes de se déformer sous l’effet des sollicitations thermiques. Compte-tenu de la faible épaisseur de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire, les ondulations de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire passent au travers d’ouvertures ménagées dans la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et font saillie à l’intérieur des ondulations de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire. Les membranes d’étanchéité primaire et secondaire sont ancrées sur des blocs isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire au moyen de dispositifs d’ancrage. Chaque dispositif d’ancrage comporte un organe de liaison primaire sur lequel sont soudées de manière étanche les tôles de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et un organe de liaison secondaire sur lequel sont soudées de manière étanche les tôles de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire. Les organes de liaison primaire sont retenus sur une platine de support d’ancrage qui est logée dans un évidement ménagé sur la face externe de l’un des blocs isolants. La platine de support d’ancrage est fixée à une tige qui traverse le bloc isolant au travers d’un puits. La tige coopère par ailleurs avec un organe d’appui qui est en appui vers l’intérieur de la cuve contre une face externe du bloc isolant de manière à retenir la tige. Document US20170159888 discloses tank walls having a multilayer structure which comprise, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier fixed inside a support structure, a secondary sealing membrane, a primary thermally insulating barrier and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the interior space of the tank. The primary thermally insulating barrier, not very thick, is formed by rigid plywood plates which rest against the secondary sealing membrane and aims mainly to maintain a spacing in the thickness direction of the tank wall between the membrane. primary sealing and the secondary sealing membrane. The primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane have undulations projecting towards the inside of the tank which allow said membranes to deform under the effect of thermal stresses. Given the small thickness of the primary thermally insulating barrier, the undulations of the secondary sealing membrane pass through openings in the primary thermally insulating barrier and protrude inside the undulations of the membrane. primary seal. The primary and secondary waterproofing membranes are anchored on insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier by means of anchoring devices. Each anchoring device comprises a primary connecting member on which the sheets of the primary sealing membrane are welded in leaktight manner and a secondary connecting member on which the sheets of the secondary sealing membrane are welded in leaktight manner. The primary connecting members are retained on an anchoring support plate which is housed in a recess provided on the external face of one of the insulating blocks. The anchoring support plate is fixed to a rod which passes through the insulating block through a well. The rod also cooperates with a support member which bears inwardly of the tank against an external face of the insulating block so as to retain the rod.
Dans une telle paroi de cuve, compte-tenu des faibles capacités d’isolation thermique de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire, le gradient thermique à l’intérieur de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire est particulièrement important. En effet, la température dans la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire est susceptible de s’étendre entre environ -160°C, à proximité de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire, et environ +20 °C à proximité de la structure porteuse. De tels gradients de température sont susceptibles d’induire d’importants mouvements de convection, à l’intérieur de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire, qui dégradent considérablement les performances d’isolation thermique de ladite barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire.  In such a tank wall, taking into account the low thermal insulation capacities of the primary thermally insulating barrier, the thermal gradient inside the secondary thermally insulating barrier is particularly significant. Indeed, the temperature in the secondary thermally insulating barrier is likely to range between approximately -160 ° C, near the secondary waterproofing membrane, and approximately +20 ° C near the supporting structure. Such temperature gradients are capable of inducing significant convection movements, inside the secondary thermally insulating barrier, which considerably degrade the thermal insulation performance of said secondary thermally insulating barrier.
En particulier, la demanderesse a constaté que de tels mouvements de convection étaient susceptibles de se produire au travers des puits des blocs isolants dans lesquels passent les tiges des dispositifs d’ancrage.  In particular, the Applicant has found that such convection movements are likely to occur through the wells of the insulating blocks through which the rods of the anchoring devices pass.
Résumé  summary
Une idée à la base de l’invention est de proposer une paroi de cuve du type précité dans lesquels les performances d’isolation thermique sont accrues.  One idea underlying the invention is to propose a tank wall of the aforementioned type in which the thermal insulation performance is increased.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit une paroi de cuve pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un fluide comportant, dans une direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve, de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire destinée à être ancrée sur une structure porteuse, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire reposant sur la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire reposant sur la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire reposant sur la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire, la membrane d’étanchéité primaire comportant au moins une ondulation primaire faisant saillie vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve, la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire comportant au moins une ondulation secondaire faisant saillie vers la membrane d’étanchéité primaire, à l’intérieur de ladite ondulation primaire ; la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire étant ancrée à un bloc isolant de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire au moyen d’un dispositif d’ancrage comportant :According to one embodiment, the invention provides a tank wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising, in a thickness direction of the tank wall, from the outside to the inside of the tank wall, a secondary thermally insulating barrier intended to be anchored on a supporting structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting on the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a primary thermally insulating barrier resting on the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane resting on the primary thermally insulating barrier, the primary seal comprising at least one primary corrugation projecting towards the inside of the vessel wall, the secondary waterproofing membrane comprising at least one secondary corrugation projecting towards the primary sealing membrane, inside said primary corrugation ; the secondary waterproofing membrane being anchored to an insulating block of the secondary thermally insulating barrier by means of an anchoring device comprising:
- une platine de support d’ancrage sur laquelle est retenue la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire, ladite platine de support d’ancrage étant en appui, vers l’extérieur de la paroi de cuve, contre une surface d’appui interne du bloc isolant ; et- an anchor support plate on which the secondary sealing membrane is retained, said anchor support plate being in abutment, towards the outside of the tank wall, against an internal bearing surface of the insulating block ; and
- une tige qui traverse le bloc isolant au travers d’un puits ménagé dans ledit bloc isolant, ladite tige étant fixée, d’une part, à la platine de support d’ancrage et, d’autre part, à un organe d’appui qui est en appui vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve contre une surface externe du bloc isolant de manière à ancrer ladite platine de support d’ancrage au bloc isolant ; - A rod which crosses the insulating block through a well made in said insulating block, said rod being fixed, on the one hand, to the anchoring support plate and, on the other hand, to a member of support which is inwardly in contact with the vessel wall against an external surface of the insulating block so as to anchor said anchoring support plate to the insulating block;
ladite paroi de cuve comportant un élément de garniture isolante qui est logé dans le puits, autour de la tige, l’élément de garniture isolante comportant des couches de matériau isolant empilées les unes au-dessus des autres selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve et séparées les unes des autres par des barrières anti-convection. said vessel wall comprising an insulating lining element which is housed in the well, around the rod, the insulating lining element comprising layers of insulating material stacked one above the other in the thickness direction of the tank wall and separated from each other by anti-convection barriers.
Ainsi, la présence d’un tel élément de garniture isolante permet d’éviter et/ou de limiter les mouvements de convection dans le puits au travers duquel passe la tige du dispositif d’ancrage. Une telle paroi de cuve présente donc des performances d’isolation thermique accrues.  Thus, the presence of such an insulating lining element makes it possible to avoid and / or limit convection movements in the well through which the rod of the anchoring device passes. Such a vessel wall therefore has increased thermal insulation performance.
Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle paroi de cuve peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.  According to embodiments, such a tank wall may include one or more of the following characteristics.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les barrières anti-convection s’étendent orthogonalement à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve. Selon un mode de réalisation, les barrières anti-convection sont espacées les unes des autres d’une distance comprise entre 2 et 10 cm. Selon un mode de réalisation, le puits est délimité par une paroi de puits et la tige s’étend selon un axe longitudinal parallèle à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve, l’élément de garniture isolante étant comprimé radialement à l’axe longitudinal de la tige entre ladite tige et la paroi de puits. Ceci permet de limiter et d’éviter encore davantage les mouvements de convection à l’intérieur du puits. According to one embodiment, the anti-convection barriers extend orthogonally to the thickness direction of the tank wall. According to one embodiment, the anti-convection barriers are spaced from each other by a distance of between 2 and 10 cm. According to one embodiment, the well is delimited by a well wall and the rod extends along a longitudinal axis parallel to the thickness direction of the tank wall, the insulating lining element being compressed radially to the longitudinal axis of the rod between said rod and the well wall. This makes it possible to further limit and avoid convection movements inside the well.
Selon un mode de réalisation le jeu radial entre la tige et la paroi de puits est compris entre 8 et 30 mm, par exemple de l’ordre de 10 mm.  According to one embodiment, the radial clearance between the rod and the well wall is between 8 and 30 mm, for example of the order of 10 mm.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les barrières anti-convection sont réalisées dans un matériau choisi parmi le papier kraft, les films en polyéthylène et les films en aluminium.  According to one embodiment, the anti-convection barriers are made of a material chosen from kraft paper, polyethylene films and aluminum films.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les couches de matériau isolant présentent une densité inférieure à 90 kg/m3. Ceci permet de faciliter la mise en place de l’élément de garniture isolante dans une position dans laquelle il est comprimé entre la tige et la paroi de puits. According to one embodiment, the layers of insulating material have a density of less than 90 kg / m 3 . This makes it easier to place the insulating packing element in a position in which it is compressed between the rod and the well wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les couches de matériau isolant présentent une densité comprise entre 20 et 50 kg/m3. According to one embodiment, the layers of insulating material have a density of between 20 and 50 kg / m 3 .
Selon un mode de réalisation, les couches de matériau isolant sont réalisées dans un matériau choisi parmi la laine de verre, la laine de roche, l’ouate de polyester, la mousse polyuréthane, la mousse mélamine, la mousse polyéthylène, la mousse polypropylène et la mousse silicone.  According to one embodiment, the layers of insulating material are made of a material chosen from glass wool, rock wool, polyester wadding, polyurethane foam, melamine foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam and silicone foam.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’élément de garniture isolante est un manchon entourant la tige et logé dans le puits. Un tel élément de garniture isolante est particulièrement simple à positionner dans le puits, autour de la tige.  According to one embodiment, the insulating lining element is a sleeve surrounding the rod and housed in the well. Such an insulating packing element is particularly simple to position in the well, around the rod.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le puits et le manchon sont de forme cylindrique, le manchon présentant, à l’état libre, un diamètre intérieur qui est inférieur à un diamètre de la tige et un diamètre extérieur qui est supérieur à un diamètre du puits. Selon un mode de réalisation, l’élément de garniture isolante est une bande qui est enroulée autour de la tige. According to one embodiment, the well and the sleeve are of cylindrical shape, the sleeve having, in the free state, an internal diameter which is less than a diameter of the rod and an external diameter which is greater than a diameter of the well. . According to one embodiment, the insulating lining element is a strip which is wound around the rod.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la bande présente une épaisseur qui est supérieure au jeu entre la tige et la paroi de puits.  According to one embodiment, the strip has a thickness which is greater than the clearance between the rod and the well wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif d’ancrage comporte un organe de liaison secondaire sur lequel sont soudées de manière étanche des tôles de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire, l’organe de liaison secondaire étant ancrée à la platine de support d’ancrage.  According to one embodiment, the anchoring device comprises a secondary connecting member on which are welded in a sealed manner sheets of the secondary sealing membrane, the secondary connecting member being anchored to the anchoring support plate .
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif d’ancrage comporte un organe de liaison primaire comportant une portion interne sur lequel sont soudées de manière étanche des tôles de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire, et une portion de bride qui s’étend vers l’extérieur de la paroi de cuve et qui est fixée à l’organe de liaison secondaire.  According to one embodiment, the anchoring device comprises a primary connection member comprising an internal portion on which are welded in leaktight manner sheets of the primary sealing membrane, and a flange portion which extends towards the outside of the tank wall and which is fixed to the secondary connecting member.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion de bride de l’organe de liaison primaire est fixée à l’organe de liaison secondaire par soudage.  According to one embodiment, the flange portion of the primary connecting member is fixed to the secondary connecting member by welding.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’organe de liaison secondaire comporte une portion de bride présentant un bord annulaire qui est d’orientation orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve et qui est plaqué contre la platine de support d’ancrage au moyen d’un couvercle de support d’ancrage qui est fixé à la platine de support d’ancrage.  According to one embodiment, the secondary connecting member comprises a flange portion having an annular edge which is oriented orthogonal to the thickness direction of the tank wall and which is pressed against the anchoring support plate by means of an anchor support cover which is fixed to the anchor support plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le couvercle de support d’ancrage est soudé à la platine de support d’ancrage.  According to one embodiment, the anchor support cover is welded to the anchor support plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la platine de support d’ancrage est logée dans un évidement ménagé dans le bloc isolant.  According to one embodiment, the anchoring support plate is housed in a recess in the insulating block.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la platine de support d’ancrage comporte un trou au travers duquel passe la tige, la tige comportant une tête qui est en appui vers l’extérieur de la paroi de cuve contre la platine de support d’ancrage.  According to one embodiment, the anchoring support plate has a hole through which the rod passes, the rod having a head which is pressed outwards from the tank wall against the anchoring support plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tête est soudée à la platine de support d’ancrage. Selon un mode de réalisation, la tige comporte une extrémité filetée sur laquelle est monté un boulon. Le boulon étant en appui vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve contre l’organe d’appui. According to one embodiment, the head is welded to the anchoring support plate. According to one embodiment, the rod has a threaded end on which a bolt is mounted. The bolt being inwardly in contact with the vessel wall against the bearing member.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’organe d’appui est une rondelle présentant un trou au travers duquel passe l’extrémité filetée de la tige.  According to one embodiment, the support member is a washer having a hole through which the threaded end of the rod passes.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le bloc isolant comporte une plaque rigide, par exemple en bois contreplaqué, formant la surface d’appui interne du bloc isolant, ladite plaque rigide présentant un trou au travers duquel passe la tige du dispositif d’ancrage.  According to one embodiment, the insulating block comprises a rigid plate, for example made of plywood, forming the internal bearing surface of the insulating block, said rigid plate having a hole through which the rod of the anchoring device passes.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le bloc isolant comporte une couche de mousse polymère isolante prise en sandwich entre un panneau interne et un panneau externe, rigides.  According to one embodiment, the insulating block comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between an internal panel and an external panel, rigid.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’élément de garniture isolante s’étend selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve entre la plaque rigide formant la surface d’appui interne et le panneau externe du bloc isolant.  According to one embodiment, the insulating lining element extends in the thickness direction of the tank wall between the rigid plate forming the internal support surface and the external panel of the insulating block.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le panneau externe forme la surface d’appui externe du bloc isolant.  According to one embodiment, the external panel forms the external support surface of the insulating block.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire comporte une pluralité de panneaux, par exemple en bois contreplaqué, fixé à la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et maintenant l’écartement entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire.  According to one embodiment, the primary thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of panels, for example of plywood, fixed to the secondary waterproofing membrane and maintaining the spacing between the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane .
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit également une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une paroi de cuve précitée.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a said tank wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un navire comportant une cuve précitée.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a vessel comprising a said tank.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned ship, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or land storage installation. and a pump to drive a fluid to through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or ground storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a ship, in which a fluid is conveyed through insulated pipes from or to a floating or land storage installation to or from the tank of the ship.
Brève description des figures  Brief description of the figures
L’invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l’invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.  The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and without limitation. , with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d’une paroi d’une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante.  - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank.
- La figure 2 est une vue en coupe d’une paroi d’une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon un mode de réalisation dans un plan passant par un dispositif d’ancrage assurant l’ancrage des membranes d’étanchéité primaire et secondaires à un bloc isolant de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire.  - Figure 2 is a sectional view of a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank according to one embodiment in a plane passing through an anchoring device ensuring the anchoring of the primary and secondary sealing membranes to a insulating block of the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
- La figure 3 est une vue similaire à la figure 2 selon un autre mode de réalisation.  - Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 according to another embodiment.
- La figure 4 est une représentation schématique d’un élément de garniture isolante selon un premier mode de réalisation.  - Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an insulating lining element according to a first embodiment.
- La figure 5 est une représentation schématique d’un élément de garniture isolante selon un second mode de réalisation.  - Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an insulating lining element according to a second embodiment.
- La figure 6 est une représentation schématique écorchée d’une cuve de navire méthanier et d’un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve.  - Figure 6 is a schematic cutaway view of an LNG tank and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation  Detailed description of embodiments
Par convention, les termes «externe » et « interne » sont utilisés pour définir la position relative d'un élément par rapport à un autre, par référence à l'intérieur et à l’extérieur de la cuve. En relation avec la figure 1 , l’on décrit une paroi 1 pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante destinée au stockage d’un gaz liquéfié. Le gaz liquéfié peut notamment être un gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) ou un gaz de pétrole liquéfié (GPL). By convention, the terms "external" and "internal" are used to define the relative position of one element with respect to another, by reference to the interior and exterior of the tank. In connection with FIG. 1, a wall 1 is described for a sealed and thermally insulating tank intended for the storage of a liquefied gas. The liquefied gas can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG) or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
Chaque paroi 1 comporte une structure multicouche qui présente successivement, de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la cuve, selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi 1 , une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2 reposant contre une structure porteuse 3, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 ancrée sur la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 5 reposant contre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4, et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 5 et destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans l’espace intérieur de la cuve.  Each wall 1 comprises a multilayer structure which successively has, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, in the thickness direction of the wall 1, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 resting against a support structure 3, a membrane d secondary seal 4 anchored on the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2, a primary thermally insulating barrier 5 resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4, and a primary sealing membrane 6 resting against the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 and intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the interior space of the tank.
La structure porteuse 3 est, par exemple, formée par la double coque d’un navire mais peut plus généralement être formée de tout type de cloison rigide présentant des propriétés mécaniques appropriées.  The supporting structure 3 is, for example, formed by the double hull of a ship but can more generally be formed from any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
La barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2 comporte des blocs isolants 7 qui sont juxtaposés et ancrés sur la structure porteuse 3. Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque bloc isolant 7 comporte une couche de mousse polymère isolante 8 prise en sandwich entre un panneau interne 9 et un panneau externe 10. Les panneaux, interne 9 et externe 10, comportent, par exemple, des plaques de bois contreplaqué collées sur ladite couche de mousse polymère isolante 8. La mousse polymère isolante 8 peut notamment être une mousse de polyuréthanne, éventuellement de haute densité et optionnellement renforcée de fibres de verre. Les blocs isolants 7 sont ancrés à la structure porteuse 3 au moyen de dispositifs de fixation 16, représentés sur la figure 2, qui seront détaillés par la suite.  The secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprises insulating blocks 7 which are juxtaposed and anchored on the support structure 3. According to one embodiment, each insulating block 7 comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam 8 sandwiched between an internal panel 9 and a external panel 10. The panels, internal 9 and external 10, comprise, for example, plywood sheets glued to said layer of insulating polymer foam 8. The insulating polymer foam 8 can in particular be a polyurethane foam, possibly of high density and optionally reinforced with glass fibers. The insulating blocks 7 are anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of fixing devices 16, shown in FIG. 2, which will be detailed later.
La membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques qui sont soudées à recouvrement, les unes aux autres, de manière étanche. Les tôles métalliques présentent des ondulations 11 , 12 qui permettent à la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 d’être flexible afin de pouvoir se déformer sous l’effet des sollicitations thermiques et mécaniques générées par le gaz liquéfié stocké dans la cuve. La barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 5 comporte une pluralité de panneaux 13, par exemple en bois contreplaqué, reposant contre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4. Les panneaux 13 visent à maintenir un écartement selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve 1 entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4. Les panneaux 13 sont par exemple fixés sur la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 par des moyens de fixation, non illustrés. La barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 5 comporte une pluralité d’ouvertures au travers desquelles les ondulations 11 , 12 de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 font saillie vers l’intérieur de la cuve. The secondary waterproofing membrane 4 comprises a plurality of metal sheets which are welded to each other, in a leaktight manner. The metal sheets have corrugations 11, 12 which allow the secondary sealing membrane 4 to be flexible so as to be able to deform under the effect of the thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the liquefied gas stored in the tank. The primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises a plurality of panels 13, for example of plywood, resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4. The panels 13 aim to maintain a spacing in the thickness direction of the tank wall 1 between the primary sealing membrane 6 and the secondary sealing membrane 4. The panels 13 are for example fixed on the secondary sealing membrane 4 by fixing means, not illustrated. The primary thermally insulating barrier 5 has a plurality of openings through which the corrugations 11, 12 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 protrude towards the interior of the tank.
La membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 comporte une pluralité de tôles métalliques qui sont soudées à recouvrement, les unes aux autres, de manière étanche. Les tôles métalliques de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 présentent également des ondulations 14, 15 qui permettent à la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 d’être flexible. Les ondulations 14, 15 de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 sont positionnées au droit des ondulations 11 , 12 de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 de sorte que les ondulations 11 , 12 de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 font chacune saillie à l’intérieur de l’une des ondulations 14, 15 de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6.  The primary sealing membrane 6 comprises a plurality of metal sheets which are welded to each other, in a leaktight manner. The metal sheets of the primary sealing membrane 6 also have corrugations 14, 15 which allow the primary sealing membrane 6 to be flexible. The corrugations 14, 15 of the primary sealing membrane 6 are positioned in line with the corrugations 11, 12 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 so that the corrugations 11, 12 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 each protrude at the interior of one of the corrugations 14, 15 of the primary sealing membrane 6.
En relation avec la figure 2, l’on décrira ci-dessous l’ancrage, à la structure porteuse 3, des blocs isolants 7 de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2, de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 et de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6.  In relation to FIG. 2, the anchoring, to the support structure 3, of the insulating blocks 7 of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2, of the secondary sealing membrane 4 and of the membrane will be described below. primary seal 6.
Les blocs isolants 7 sont ancrés à la structure porteuse 3 au moyen de dispositifs de fixation 16 comportant chacun un goujon 17 soudé à la structure porteuse 3 et faisant saillie depuis la structure porteuse 3 vers l’intérieur de la cuve et un organe de retenue 18 qui est fixé à l’extrémité du goujon 17 et qui est en appui contre une surface d’appui 19 du bloc isolant 7 de manière à le retenir contre la structure porteuse 3. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les blocs isolants 7 sont pourvus de puits cylindriques 20 qui traversent les blocs isolants 7 sur toute leur épaisseur. Par ailleurs, les puits cylindriques 20 présentent un changement de section, la section des puits cylindriques 20 étant plus large au niveau de la couche de mousse polymère isolante 8 et du panneau interne 9 que du panneau externe 10 de manière à former, au niveau du panneau externe 10, la surface d’appui 19 pour l’organe de retenue 18 qui est fixé à l’extrémité du goujon 17. L’organe de retenue 18 est par exemple une platine métallique annulaire qui comporte un alésage enfilé sur le goujon 17. Un écrou 21 coopère avec un filetage du goujon 17 de manière à assurer la fixation de l’organe de retenue 18 sur le goujon 17. En outre, selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, des rondelles Belleville, non représentées, sont enfilées sur le goujon 17, entre l’écrou 21 et l’organe de retenue 18, ce qui permet d’assurer un ancrage élastique des blocs isolants 7 sur la structure porteuse 3. Des bouchons isolants 22 en mousse polymère isolante sont disposés dans les puits cylindriques 20 afin d’assurer une continuité de l’isolation thermique de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2. The insulating blocks 7 are anchored to the support structure 3 by means of fixing devices 16 each comprising a stud 17 welded to the support structure 3 and projecting from the support structure 3 towards the interior of the tank and a retaining member 18 which is fixed to the end of the stud 17 and which is in abutment against a bearing surface 19 of the insulating block 7 so as to retain it against the support structure 3. In the embodiment shown, the insulating blocks 7 are provided of cylindrical wells 20 which pass through the insulating blocks 7 over their entire thickness. Furthermore, the cylindrical wells 20 have a change in section, the section of the cylindrical wells 20 being wider at the level of the insulating polymeric foam layer 8 and of the internal panel 9 than of the external panel 10 so as to form, at the level of the external panel 10, the bearing surface 19 for the retaining member 18 which is fixed to the end of the stud 17. The retaining member 18 is for example an annular metallic plate which has a bore threaded onto the stud 17. A nut 21 cooperates with a thread of the stud 17 so as to secure the retaining member 18 on the stud 17. In addition, according to an advantageous embodiment, Belleville washers , not shown, are threaded on the stud 17, between the nut 21 and the retaining member 18, which ensures elastic anchoring of the insulating blocks 7 on the support structure 3. Insulating plugs 22 of polymer foam insulators are arranged in the cylindrical wells 20 in order to ensure continuity of the thermal insulation of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2.
Par ailleurs, la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 sont ancrés sur au moins certains des blocs isolants 7 de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 2 au moyen de dispositifs d’ancrage 23 dont l’un est représenté sur la figure 2.  Furthermore, the primary sealing membrane 6 and the secondary sealing membrane 4 are anchored on at least some of the insulating blocks 7 of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 by means of anchoring devices 23, one of which is shown on Figure 2.
Chaque dispositif d’ancrage 23 comporte un organe de liaison primaire 24 sur lequel sont soudées de manière étanche les tôles métalliques adjacentes de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 et un organe de liaison secondaire 25 sur laquelle sont soudées de manière étanche les tôles métalliques adjacentes de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4. L’organe de liaison primaire 24 comporte une portion interne 26 qui est orthogonal à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi 1 et qui comporte un décrochement périphérique 27 dans lequel sont soudées à recouvrement les tôles métalliques adjacentes de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6. Par ailleurs, l’organe de liaison primaire 24 comporte une portion de bride 28 qui s’étend vers l’extérieur de la cuve, parallèlement à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve 1 , depuis la périphérie de la portion interne 26 de l’organe de liaison primaire 24. La portion de bride 28 de l’organe de liaison primaire 24 est soudée sur une portion interne 29 de l’organe de liaison secondaire 25. La portion de bride 28 de l’organe de liaison primaire 24 permet ainsi de maintenir l’écartement entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 6 et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 au niveau du dispositif d’ancrage 23. Par ailleurs, l’organe de liaison secondaire 25 comporte une portion interne 29 qui est plane et une portion de bride 30 qui est ancrée à une platine de support d’ancrage 31. Les tôles métalliques adjacentes de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4 sont soudées sur une portion périphérique de la portion interne 29 de l’organe de liaison secondaire 25, autour de la portion de bride 28 de l’organe de liaison primaire 24. L’organe de liaison secondaire 25 est logé dans un évidement 32 ménagé dans l’un des blocs isolants 7 de manière à ce que la portion interne 29 de l’organe de liaison secondaire 25 affleure la surface du panneau externe 9 des blocs isolants 7. Ceci permet d’assurer la planéité de la surface de support de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 4. Afin de limiter les phénomènes de poinçonnement de la couche de mousse polymère isolante 8, le fond de l’évidement 32 est recouvert par une plaque rigide 33, par exemple en bois contreplaqué. Each anchoring device 23 comprises a primary connection member 24 on which the adjacent metal sheets of the primary sealing membrane 6 are welded in leaktight manner and a secondary connection member 25 on which the adjacent metal sheets are welded in sealing manner of the secondary sealing membrane 4. The primary connecting member 24 comprises an internal portion 26 which is orthogonal to the thickness direction of the wall 1 and which comprises a peripheral recess 27 in which the metal sheets are welded to overlap adjacent to the primary sealing membrane 6. Furthermore, the primary connecting member 24 has a flange portion 28 which extends towards the outside of the tank, parallel to the thickness direction of the tank wall 1, from the periphery of the internal portion 26 of the primary connection member 24. The flange portion 28 of the primary connection member 24 is welded e on an internal portion 29 of the secondary connection member 25. The flange portion 28 of the primary connection member 24 thus makes it possible to maintain the spacing between the primary sealing membrane 6 and the secondary sealing membrane 4 at the anchoring device 23. Furthermore, the secondary connecting member 25 has an internal portion 29 which is planar and a flange portion 30 which is anchored to an anchoring support plate 31. The adjacent metal sheets of the secondary sealing membrane 4 are welded to a peripheral portion of the internal portion 29 of the secondary connection member 25, around the flange portion 28 of the primary connection member 24. The secondary connection member 25 is housed in a recess 32 formed in one of the insulating blocks 7 so that the internal portion 29 of the secondary connecting member 25 is flush with the surface of the external panel 9 of the insulating blocks 7. This makes it possible to ensure the flatness of the support surface of the secondary sealing membrane 4. In order to limit the phenomena of punching of the insulating polymer foam layer 8, the bottom of the recess 32 is covered by a rigid plate 33, for example made of plywood.
La portion de bride 30 de l’organe de liaison secondaire 25 comporte un bord annulaire 34 qui s’étend orthogonalement à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi 1. Le bord annulaire 34 est plaqué contre la platine de support d’ancrage 31 au moyen d’un couvercle de support d’ancrage 35, illustré sur la figure 2, qui est soudé, au niveau de ses bords, à ladite platine de support d’ancrage 31. Ceci permet de retenir l’organe de liaison secondaire 25 à la platine de support d’ancrage 31 selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve 1 tout en autorisant un déplacement horizontal des organes de liaisons primaire 24 et secondaire 25 par rapport à la platine de support d’ancrage 31. En outre, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le panneau interne 9 du bloc isolant 7 recouvre le bord annulaire 34 de la portion de bride 30 de l’organe de liaison secondaire 25, du couvercle de support d’ancrage 35 et de la platine de support d’ancrage 31.  The flange portion 30 of the secondary connecting member 25 has an annular edge 34 which extends orthogonally to the thickness direction of the wall 1. The annular edge 34 is pressed against the anchoring support plate 31 at by means of an anchor support cover 35, illustrated in FIG. 2, which is welded, at its edges, to said anchor support plate 31. This makes it possible to retain the secondary connecting member 25 to the anchoring support plate 31 in the thickness direction of the tank wall 1 while allowing horizontal movement of the primary 24 and secondary 25 connection members relative to the anchoring support plate 31. In addition, in the embodiment shown, the internal panel 9 of the insulating block 7 covers the annular edge 34 of the flange portion 30 of the secondary connecting member 25, the anchoring support cover 35 and the support plate d anchor 31.
Chaque dispositif d’ancrage 23 comporte en outre une tige 36 qui est fixée à la platine de support d’ancrage 31 et qui traverse le bloc isolant 7 au travers d’un puits 37, de forme cylindrique par exemple. Le puits 37 traverse le bloc isolant 7 selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi 1 et débouche, d’une part, dans l’évidement 32 et, d’autre part, en regard de la structure porteuse 3. La tige 36 passe au travers d’un trou ménagé dans la plaque rigide 33 qui recouvre le fond de l’évidement 32 et d’un trou ménagé dans la platine de support d’ancrage 31. La tige 36 comporte une tête 38 qui est en appui contre la platine de support d’ancrage 31. Selon un mode de réalisation, la tête 38 de la tige 36 est soudée à la platine de support d’ancrage 31. Each anchoring device 23 further comprises a rod 36 which is fixed to the anchoring support plate 31 and which passes through the insulating block 7 through a well 37, of cylindrical shape for example. The well 37 passes through the insulating block 7 in the thickness direction of the wall 1 and opens, on the one hand, into the recess 32 and, on the other hand, opposite the support structure 3. The rod 36 passes through a hole in the rigid plate 33 which covers the bottom of the recess 32 and a hole in the anchor support plate 31. The rod 36 has a head 38 which is in abutment against the anchoring support plate 31. According to one embodiment, the head 38 of the rod 36 is welded to the anchoring support plate 31.
Par ailleurs, la tige 36 comporte une extrémité filetée sur laquelle est monté un boulon 39. Le boulon 39 est en appui vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve 1 contre un organe d’appui 40 qui est en appui vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve 1 contre le bloc isolant 7. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 2, l’organe d’appui 40 est une rondelle en tôle métallique qui comporte un trou au travers duquel passe l’extrémité filetée de la tige 36. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le panneau externe 10 du bloc isolant comporte deux plaques qui prennent en sandwich l’organe d’appui 40. En outre, dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 2, l’organe d’appui 40 comporte des orifices au travers desquels passent les goujons 17 des dispositifs de fixation 16 assurant l’ancrage des blocs isolants 7 à la structure porteuse 3.  Furthermore, the rod 36 has a threaded end on which a bolt 39 is mounted. The bolt 39 bears inwardly of the tank wall 1 against a support member 40 which bears inwardly of the tank wall 1 against the insulating block 7. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the support member 40 is a sheet metal washer which has a hole through which the threaded end of the rod passes 36. In the embodiment shown, the external panel 10 of the insulating block comprises two plates which sandwich the support member 40. In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the support 40 includes orifices through which pass the studs 17 of the fastening devices 16 ensuring the anchoring of the insulating blocks 7 to the support structure 3.
Dans un mode de réalisation alternatif, représenté sur la figure 3, l’organe d’appui 40 est en appui contre la surface externe du panneau externe 10. En outre, dans ce mode de réalisation, l’organe d’appui 40 n’est pas traversé par les goujons 17 des dispositifs de fixation 16 assurant l’ancrage des blocs isolants 7 à la structure porteuse 3.  In an alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 3, the support member 40 bears against the external surface of the external panel 10. In addition, in this embodiment, the support member 40 does not is not crossed by the studs 17 of the fixing devices 16 ensuring the anchoring of the insulating blocks 7 to the support structure 3.
Par ailleurs, dans les deux modes de réalisation des figures 2 et 3, le puits 37 est bourré avec un élément de garniture isolante 41 qui est comprimé selon une direction radiale par rapport à l’axe longitudinal de la tige 36 entre la paroi de puits délimitant le puits 37 et la tige 36. L’élément de garniture isolante 41 vise ainsi à réduire ou supprimer les mouvements de convection au travers du puits 37.  Furthermore, in the two embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3, the well 37 is stuffed with an insulating lining element 41 which is compressed in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the rod 36 between the well wall delimiting the well 37 and the rod 36. The insulating lining element 41 thus aims to reduce or eliminate the convection movements through the well 37.
L’élément de garniture isolante 41 présente une pluralité de couches de matériau isolant 41a, 41 b, 41 c, 41 d qui sont séparées les unes des autres par des barrières anti-convection 42. Les barrières anti-convection 42 sont par exemple formées de papier kraft, de film en polyéthylène ou de film en aluminium.. L’épaisseur de chacune des couches de matériau isolant est par exemple comprise entre 2 et 10 cm.  The insulating lining element 41 has a plurality of layers of insulating material 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d which are separated from each other by anti-convection barriers 42. The anti-convection barriers 42 are for example formed kraft paper, polyethylene film or aluminum film. The thickness of each of the layers of insulating material is for example between 2 and 10 cm.
Le matériau isolant des couches de l’élément de garniture isolante 41 présente une densité inférieure à 90 kg/m3 et par exemple comprise entre 20 et 50 kg/m3. Le matériau isolant est par exemple de la laine de verre mais peut également être choisie parmi la laine de roche, l’ouate de polyester, la mousse polyuréthane, la mousse mélamine, la mousse polyéthylène, la mousse polypropylène et la mousse silicone. The insulating material of the layers of the insulating lining element 41 has a density of less than 90 kg / m 3 and for example between 20 and 50 kg / m 3 . The insulating material is for example glass wool but can also be chosen from rock wool, polyester wadding, polyurethane foam, melamine foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam and silicone foam.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, l’élément de garniture isolante 41 est inséré dans le puits 37 par la face externe des blocs isolants 7, avant que les blocs isolants 7 ne soient fixés à la structure porteuse 3. L’élément de garniture isolante 41 peut être inséré dans le puits 37 avant ou après l’insertion de la tige 36 dans le puits 37.  In the embodiment shown, the insulating lining element 41 is inserted into the well 37 by the external face of the insulating blocks 7, before the insulating blocks 7 are fixed to the support structure 3. The insulating lining element 41 can be inserted into the well 37 before or after the insertion of the rod 36 into the well 37.
La section du puits 37 et la section de la tige 36 sont telles qu’il existe entre la paroi du puits 37 et la tige 36 un jeu suffisant pour permettre la mise en place de l’élément de garniture isolante 41. Pour ce faire, selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le jeu radial entre la tige 36 et la paroi cylindrique du puits est compris entre 8 et 30 mm, par exemple de l’ordre de 10 mm.  The section of the well 37 and the section of the rod 36 are such that there is sufficient clearance between the wall of the well 37 and the rod 36 to allow the establishment of the insulating lining element 41. To do this, according to an advantageous embodiment, the radial clearance between the rod 36 and the cylindrical wall of the well is between 8 and 30 mm, for example of the order of 10 mm.
Selon un mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 4, l’élément de garniture isolante 41 présente la forme d’un manchon 43 adapté pour venir s’enfiler sur la tige 36. De manière avantageuse, à l’état libre, c’est-à-dire lorsqu’il n’est pas inséré dans le puits 37 ni enfilé sur la tige 36, le diamètre intérieur du manchon 43 est légèrement inférieur à la section de la tige 36. Par exemple, le diamètre intérieur du manchon 43 est inférieur de 0.5 à 4 mm à la section de la tige 36. En outre, à l’état libre, le diamètre extérieur du manchon 43 est légèrement supérieur à la section du puits 37 cylindrique. Par exemple, le diamètre extérieur du manchon 43 est supérieur de 0.5 à 4 mm à la section du puits 37. Ceci permet d’éviter la présence d’espaces vides qui favorisent les mouvements de convection.  According to an embodiment represented in FIG. 4, the insulating lining element 41 has the form of a sleeve 43 adapted to come and thread on the rod 36. Advantageously, in the free state, it is that is to say when it is not inserted into the well 37 or threaded onto the rod 36, the internal diameter of the sleeve 43 is slightly less than the section of the rod 36. For example, the internal diameter of the sleeve 43 is 0.5 to 4 mm less than the section of the rod 36. In addition, in the free state, the outside diameter of the sleeve 43 is slightly greater than the section of the cylindrical well 37. For example, the outside diameter of the sleeve 43 is 0.5 to 4 mm greater than the section of the well 37. This makes it possible to avoid the presence of empty spaces which promote convection movements.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, représenté sur la figure 5, l’élément de garniture isolante 41 se présente à l’état initial sous la forme d’une bande 44 dont la longueur est légèrement supérieure à la dimension du périmètre de la section du puits 37 qui correspond à la génératrice du cylindre délimitant le puits 37 lorsque celui-ci est cylindrique. Dans ce cas, l’élément de garniture isolante 41 est replié à l’intérieur du puits 37. En outre, l’épaisseur de la bande 44 de l’élément de garniture isolante 41 est inférieure au jeu radial entre la paroi du puits 37 et la tige 36, ce qui permet d’éviter la présence d’espace vide favorisant les mouvements de convection. En référence à la figure 6, une vue écorchée d’un navire méthanier 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 71 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une membrane d’étanchéité primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire agencée entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et entre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et la double coque 72. According to another embodiment, represented in FIG. 5, the insulating lining element 41 is presented in the initial state in the form of a strip 44 whose length is slightly greater than the dimension of the perimeter of the section of the well 37 which corresponds to the generator of the cylinder delimiting the well 37 when the latter is cylindrical. In this case, the insulating lining element 41 is folded back inside the well 37. In addition, the thickness of the strip 44 of the insulating lining element 41 is less than the radial clearance between the wall of the well 37 and the rod 36, which makes it possible to avoid the presence of empty space promoting convection movements. With reference to FIG. 6, a cutaway view of an LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane and between the secondary waterproofing membrane and the double shell 72.
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71.  In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
La figure 6 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement.  FIG. 6 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and a shore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74. The mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The mobile arm 74 can be adjusted to suit all LNG tankers' sizes . A connection pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77. This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the subsea pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The subsea pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75. Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention, telle que définie par les revendications. To generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used. Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention, as defined by the claims.
L’usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n’exclut pas la présence d’autres éléments ou d’autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication.  The use of the verb "behave", "understand" or "include" and its conjugate forms do not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those set out in a claim.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.  In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Paroi de cuve (1) pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un fluide comportant, dans une direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve (1), de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve (1), une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (2) destinée à être ancrée sur une structure porteuse (3), une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4) reposant sur la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (2), une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (5) reposant sur la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4) et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire (6) reposant sur la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (5), la membrane d’étanchéité primaire (6) comportant au moins une ondulation primaire (14, 15) faisant saillie vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve (1), la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4) comportant au moins une ondulation secondaire (1 1 , 12) faisant saillie vers la membrane d’étanchéité primaire (6), à l’intérieur de ladite ondulation primaire (14, 15) ; la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4) étant ancrée à un bloc isolant (7) de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (2) au moyen d’un dispositif d’ancrage (23) comportant : 1. Tank wall (1) for a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising, in a thickness direction of the tank wall (1), from the outside towards the inside of the wall of tank (1), a secondary thermally insulating barrier (2) intended to be anchored on a support structure (3), a secondary sealing membrane (4) resting on the secondary thermally insulating barrier (2), a primary thermally insulating barrier (5) resting on the secondary sealing membrane (4) and a primary sealing membrane (6) resting on the primary thermally insulating barrier (5), the primary sealing membrane (6) comprising at least one primary corrugation (14, 15) projecting towards the inside of the tank wall (1), the secondary sealing membrane (4) comprising at least one secondary corrugation (1 1, 12) projecting towards the primary sealing membrane (6), at the within said primary corrugation (14, 15); the secondary sealing membrane (4) being anchored to an insulating block (7) of the secondary thermally insulating barrier (2) by means of an anchoring device (23) comprising:
- une platine de support d’ancrage (31) sur laquelle est retenue la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4), ladite platine de support d’ancrage (31) étant en appui, vers l’extérieur de la paroi de cuve (1), contre une surface d’appui interne du bloc isolant (7) ; et  - an anchor support plate (31) on which the secondary sealing membrane (4) is retained, said anchor support plate (31) being in support, towards the outside of the tank wall (1 ), against an internal bearing surface of the insulating block (7); and
- une tige (36) qui traverse le bloc isolant (7) au travers d’un puits(37) ménagé dans ledit bloc isolant (7), ladite tige (36) étant fixée, d’une part, à la platine de support d’ancrage (31) et, d’autre part, à un organe d’appui (40) qui est en appui vers l’intérieur de la paroi de cuve (1) contre une surface externe du bloc isolant (7) de manière à ancrer ladite platine de support d’ancrage (31) au bloc isolant (7) ;  - a rod (36) which passes through the insulating block (7) through a well (37) formed in said insulating block (7), said rod (36) being fixed, on the one hand, to the support plate anchor (31) and, on the other hand, to a support member (40) which bears inwardly of the tank wall (1) against an external surface of the insulating block (7) so anchoring said anchoring support plate (31) to the insulating block (7);
ladite paroi de cuve (1) comportant un élément de garniture isolante (41) qui est logé dans le puits (37), autour de la tige (36), l’élément de garniture isolante (41) comportant des couches de matériau isolant (41a, 41 b, 41 c, 41 d) empilées les unes au-dessus des autres selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve (1) et séparées les unes des autres par des barrières anti-convection (42). said vessel wall (1) comprising an insulating lining element (41) which is housed in the well (37), around the rod (36), the insulating lining element (41) comprising layers of insulating material ( 41a, 41b, 41 c, 41 d) stacked one above the other in the thickness direction of the tank wall (1) and separated from each other by anti-convection barriers (42).
2. Paroi de cuve (1) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le puits (37) est délimité par une paroi de puits et la tige (36) s’étend selon un axe longitudinal parallèle à la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve (1), l’élément de garniture isolante (41) étant comprimé radialement à l’axe longitudinal de la tige (36) entre ladite tige (36) et la paroi de puits. 2. cell wall (1) according to claim 1, wherein the well (37) is delimited by a well wall and the rod (36) extends along a longitudinal axis parallel to the thickness direction of the wall tank (1), the insulating lining element (41) being compressed radially to the longitudinal axis of the rod (36) between said rod (36) and the well wall.
3. Paroi de cuve (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle les barrières anti-convection (42) sont réalisées dans un matériau choisi parmi le papier kraft, les films en polyéthylène et les films en aluminium.  3. cell wall (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anti-convection barriers (42) are made of a material chosen from kraft paper, polyethylene films and aluminum films.
4. Paroi de cuve (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle les couches de matériau isolant (41 a, 41 b, 41c, 41 d) présentent une densité inférieure à 90 kg/m3. 4. cell wall (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the layers of insulating material (41 a, 41 b, 41 c, 41 d) have a density of less than 90 kg / m 3 .
5. Paroi de cuve (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle les couches de matériau isolant (41 a, 41 b, 41 c, 41 d) sont réalisées dans un matériau choisi parmi la laine de verre, la laine de roche, l’ouate de polyester, la mousse polyuréthane, la mousse mélamine, la mousse polyéthylène, la mousse polypropylène et la mousse silicone.  5. cell wall (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the layers of insulating material (41 a, 41 b, 41 c, 41 d) are made of a material chosen from glass wool , stone wool, polyester wadding, polyurethane foam, melamine foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam and silicone foam.
6. Paroi de cuve (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle l’élément de garniture isolante (41) est un manchon (43) entourant la tige (36) et logé dans le puits (47).  6. cell wall (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the insulating packing element (41) is a sleeve (43) surrounding the rod (36) and housed in the well (47) .
7. Paroi de cuve (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle l’élément de garniture isolante (41) est une bande (44) qui est enroulée autour de la tige (36).  7. cell wall (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the insulating lining element (41) is a strip (44) which is wound around the rod (36).
8. Paroi de cuve (1) selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle la bande (44) présente une épaisseur qui est supérieure au jeu entre la tige (36) et la paroi de puits (37).  8. tank wall (1) according to claim 7, wherein the strip (44) has a thickness which is greater than the clearance between the rod (36) and the well wall (37).
9. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une paroi de cuve (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.  9. Sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a tank wall (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Navire (70) comportant une cuve (1) selon la revendication 9. 10. Ship (70) comprising a tank (1) according to claim 9.
1 1. Système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 10, des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (71) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entraîner un fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. 1 1. Transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a vessel (70) according to claim 10, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or terrestrial storage installation (77) and a pump to drive a fluid through the isolated pipes from or to the floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the vessel.
12. Procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un navire (70) selon la revendication 10 dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis la cuve (71) du navire.  12. A method of loading or unloading a ship (70) according to claim 10 in which a fluid is conveyed through insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to a floating or land storage facility (77 ) to or from the vessel (71).
PCT/FR2019/052351 2018-10-17 2019-10-03 Thermally insulating and leak-tight tank wall WO2020079342A1 (en)

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FR1859592A FR3087518B1 (en) 2018-10-17 2018-10-17 WALL OF A WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK

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US20170159888A1 (en) 2014-07-11 2017-06-08 Kc Lng Tech Co., Ltd. Anchor structure, and liquefied natural gas storage tank comprising said anchor structure

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WO2016036023A1 (en) * 2014-09-01 2016-03-10 삼성중공업 주식회사 Cargo hold barrier structure

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