WO2019001249A1 - 一种电动阀 - Google Patents

一种电动阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019001249A1
WO2019001249A1 PCT/CN2018/090582 CN2018090582W WO2019001249A1 WO 2019001249 A1 WO2019001249 A1 WO 2019001249A1 CN 2018090582 W CN2018090582 W CN 2018090582W WO 2019001249 A1 WO2019001249 A1 WO 2019001249A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
cavity
sub
port
valve port
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/090582
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘锡波
杨仕钊
周文荣
Original Assignee
浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710519696.2A external-priority patent/CN109210212B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710518984.6A external-priority patent/CN109210206B/zh
Application filed by 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司 filed Critical 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司
Priority to US16/624,822 priority Critical patent/US11156296B2/en
Priority to JP2019571540A priority patent/JP7221883B2/ja
Priority to EP18824369.5A priority patent/EP3647635B1/en
Publication of WO2019001249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019001249A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/02—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/44—Details of seats or valve members of double-seat valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/04—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/42—Valve seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fluid control, and in particular to an electric valve.
  • the traditional expansion valve whether it is an electronic expansion valve or a thermal expansion valve, can only play a role in throttling. If the function of throttling and full-opening is required, it is often necessary to use a combination of multiple expansion valves and multiple solenoid valves in the air conditioning system to achieve throttling and full-opening.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide an electric valve having a throttling, full opening, and full closing function.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an electric valve including a valve body, a spool assembly, and a coil assembly including a piston, a valve seat, a valve needle, and a rotor disposed between the piston and the valve seat a return spring, one end of the return spring abuts the piston, the other end of the return spring abuts the valve seat, the return spring is in a compressed state, and the valve seat is provided with a first valve port
  • the valve body is provided with a cavity open at one end, and a bottom wall of the cavity opened at the one end is provided with a second valve port, and at least a part of the outer wall of the valve seat is between the inner wall corresponding to the cavity open at one end a sealing fit, the piston is slidably engaged with an inner wall of the cavity open at one end, the valve body is further provided with a first interface, a second interface, a second valve port and a bypass passage, and the piston is provided with communication An upper end portion of the first valve port and a fluid
  • the second interface When the second interface is an inlet, when the valve needle is away from the first valve port and at least a portion of the valve needle is located in the first valve port, the valve needle and the first valve port
  • the flow area formed between the throttle passages is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first valve port.
  • the piston abuts the second valve port, the second valve port is closed, and the check valve is
  • the third valve port abuts, the third valve port is closed, and the second interface communicates with the first interface through the bypass passage and the first valve port, the valve needle and the valve
  • the flow area of the throttle passage formed between the first valve ports changes as the distance between the valve needle and the first valve port changes.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide an electric valve including a valve body, a spool assembly, and a coil assembly, wherein the spool assembly includes a piston, a valve seat, a valve needle, and a rotor at the piston and the valve
  • a return spring is disposed between the seats, one end of the return spring abuts the piston, the other end of the return spring abuts the valve seat, the return spring is in a compressed state
  • the valve seat is provided with a first valve port
  • the valve body is provided with a cavity open at one end, a bottom wall of the cavity open at the one end is provided with a second valve port, an outer wall of at least two parts of the valve seat and a cavity open at the one end a sealing fit between the corresponding inner walls
  • the first valve port being located between the two portions of the valve seat that are sealingly engaged with the inner wall corresponding to the cavity that is open at one end
  • the valve body is also provided with a first An interface, a second interface, and
  • a flow passage formed between the valve needle and the first valve port has a smaller flow area a cross-sectional area of the first valve port, the electric valve is in a throttle state, at this time, the piston abuts the second valve port, the second valve port is closed, and the first interface passes through the The first valve port and the bypass passage are in communication with the second interface, and a flow area of the throttle passage formed between the valve needle and the first valve port follows the valve needle and the The distance between the first valve ports changes.
  • the above electric valve can realize full closing and throttling function when the second interface is used as an inlet, and can realize throttling, full opening and full closing functions when the second interface is used as an outlet, achieving two-way throttling, large flow all-pass, and all Close fluid flow control.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of an electric valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electric valve of Figure 1 in a fully closed state.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the valve body of the electric valve shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the valve seat of the electric valve shown in Fig. 1.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the piston of the electric valve of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the electric valve of Figure 1 in a first throttle state.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the electric valve of Figure 1 in a fully open state.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the electric valve of Figure 1 in a second throttle state.
  • the electric valve includes a valve body 1, a spool assembly 2, and a coil assembly 3, wherein the coil assembly 3 may be sleeved on the spool assembly 2, and the coil assembly 3 may be fixed to the valve body 1 by screws or the like.
  • a circuit board and a connector may also be provided in the coil assembly 3, wherein the circuit board and the connector may be integrated.
  • the spool assembly 2 includes a piston 5, a valve seat 4, a valve needle 21, and a rotor 22.
  • a return spring 7 is disposed between the piston 5 and the valve seat 4, and one end of the return spring 7 and the piston When the five phases abut, the other end of the return spring 7 abuts against the valve seat 4, and the return spring 7 is in a compressed state.
  • the valve seat 4 is fixed to the valve body 1, and the rotor 22 is rotatable under the driving of the coil assembly 3.
  • the valve needle 21 can be driven up and down by the rotor 22.
  • the valve seat 4 includes a first valve seat body 41 at an upper portion and a second valve seat body 42 at a lower portion, wherein the first valve seat body 41 is disposed adjacent to the second valve seat body 42, first The outer diameter of the valve seat main body 41 is larger than the outer diameter of the second valve seat main body 42, and at least one groove for accommodating the sealing member is disposed on the outer wall of the first valve seat main body 41, in the embodiment, for setting The grooves of the seal are two.
  • the valve seat 4 is also provided with a valve seat upper chamber 44 and a valve seat lower chamber 47.
  • the valve seat upper chamber 44 is open at an end away from the valve seat lower chamber 47, and the valve seat lower chamber 47 is open at an end remote from the valve seat upper chamber 44.
  • the valve seat 4 is also provided with a second passage 45 that communicates the valve seat upper chamber 44 and the valve seat lower chamber 47.
  • the valve seat 4 is also provided with a first valve port 43 provided at a portion of the valve seat 4 corresponding to the bottom of the valve seat upper chamber 44, the first valve port 43 being disposed adjacent to the second passage 45.
  • the second valve seat body 42 is provided with a first passage 46, one end of the first passage 46 is in communication with the first valve port 43, and the other end of the first passage 46 is located on the outer wall of the second valve seat body 42, the first valve The port 43 can communicate with the exterior of the valve seat 4 through the first passage 46.
  • the outer wall of the second valve seat body 42 is also provided with a recess for receiving the seal, and the recess of the outer wall of the second valve seat body 42 is located below the first passage 46.
  • valve seat lower chamber 47 may not be provided, and the valve seat upper chamber 44 may communicate with the outside of the valve seat 4 through the second passage 45.
  • the valve seat lower chamber 47 by providing the valve seat lower chamber 47, one end of the return spring 7 can be accommodated in the valve seat lower chamber 47, and the stability of the return spring 7 can be improved to prevent the return spring 7 from being displaced.
  • the rotor 22 can drive the valve needle 21 to move up and down, so that the valve needle 21 can be away from the first valve port 43 or abutting the first valve port 43 through the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43.
  • the flow of fluid through the first valve port 43 can be controlled.
  • the valve needle 21 abuts the first valve port 43, the first valve port 43 is closed, the fluid cannot pass through the first valve port 43; as the valve needle 21 gradually moves away from the first valve port 43, the fluid passes through the first valve port The flow rate of 43 gradually increases.
  • the passage formed between the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43 can be circulated as a section.
  • the high pressure refrigerant passes through the passage formed between the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43, the high pressure refrigerant is throttled to form a low pressure refrigerant.
  • the inner diameter of the first valve port 43 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first passage 46 and/or the second passage 45.
  • the valve body 1 is provided with a cavity that is open at one end, and includes a first sub-cavity 181, a second sub-cavity 182, and a third sub-cavity 183.
  • the valve body 1 is provided with a first interface 11, a second interface 12, a first cavity 19, a second cavity 16, a third cavity 17, a first sub-cavity 181, a second sub-cavity 182 and a third sub-cavity 183, wherein A sub-cavity 181, a second sub-cavity 182, and a third sub-cavity 183 are disposed from top to bottom and are sequentially connected, and an inner diameter of the first sub-cavity 181 is larger than an inner diameter of the second sub-cavity 182, and an inner diameter of the second sub-cavity 182 It is larger than the inner diameter of the third sub-cavity 183.
  • One end of the first sub-cavity 181 is open, and the valve body 1 is provided with an internal thread 184
  • the first interface 11 is in communication with the first cavity 19, and the first cavity 19 is in communication with the third sub-cavity 183.
  • a communication portion 185 may be further disposed at a portion where the first cavity 19 and the third sub-cavity 183 are in communication.
  • the bottom wall of the communication portion 185 has a spiral structure.
  • the second cavity 16 is located below the third sub-cavity 183, and the second cavity 16 is located between the first cavity 19 and the third cavity 17, the first cavity 19 and the second cavity 16 are not in direct communication, and the second cavity 16 It is in communication with the third chamber 17.
  • a second valve port 13 is also disposed between the second chamber 16 and the third sub-chamber 183. The first chamber 19 can communicate with the second chamber 16 through the third sub-cavity 183 and the second valve port 13.
  • the third cavity 17 is in communication with the second interface 12, and the third sub-cavity 183 can communicate with the second interface 12 through the second valve port 13, the second cavity 16, and the third cavity 17, and/or the third sub-cavity 183
  • the second sub-cavity 182, the bypass passage 15, and the third chamber 17 can communicate with the second interface 12.
  • a third valve port 14 is further disposed between the second chamber 16 and the third chamber 17, and the second chamber 16 communicates with the third chamber 17 through the third valve port 14.
  • the valve body 1 is further provided with a bypass passage 15, one end of the bypass passage 15 communicates with the second sub-cavity 182, the other end of the bypass passage 15 communicates with the third cavity 17, and the bypass passage 15 communicates with the second sub-chamber 182 and third cavity 17.
  • the bypass passage 15 is parallel to the third sub-cavity 183, that is, the bypass passage 15 and the third sub-cavity 183 extend in the same direction, so that when the bypass passage 15 is processed, the second sub-pass can be directly passed through.
  • the bottom wall of the cavity 182 is to the third cavity 17.
  • the piston 5 includes a first piston main body 55 and a second piston main body 56, wherein the outer diameter of the first piston main body 55 is larger than the outer diameter of the second piston main body 56, and the piston 5 is further provided with the upper piston chamber 54 and The seal block accommodating chamber 51, the piston upper chamber 54 and the seal block accommodating chamber 51 are located on opposite sides of the piston 5.
  • the piston 5 is further provided with a first sub-channel 52 and a second sub-channel 53, wherein one end of the first sub-channel 52 is located at a corresponding bottom wall of the upper chamber 54 of the piston, and the other end of the first sub-channel 52 and the second sub-channel 53 are provided. Connected.
  • the second sub-channel 53 is located below the first sub-channel 52, and the upper chamber 54 of the piston can be in communication with the outside of the piston through the first sub-channel 52 and the second sub-channel 53 in sequence.
  • the second sub-passage 53 includes at least one port located on the outer wall of the second piston main body 56.
  • the number of the ports of the second sub-passage 53 located on the outer wall of the second piston main body 56 is 2 or more, the fluid can be made smoother.
  • the second sub-channel 53 flows to the first sub-channel 52.
  • the outer wall of the first valve seat body 41 of the valve seat 4 and the inner wall of the first sub-cavity 181 of the valve body 1 are clearance-fitted on the outer wall of the first valve seat body 41 and At least one first seal 401 is disposed between the inner walls of the first sub-cavities 181 of the valve body.
  • the outer wall of the second valve seat body 42 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the third sub-cavity 183 of the valve body, and at least one second is disposed between the outer wall of the second valve seat body 42 and the inner wall of the third sub-chamber 83 of the valve body. Seal 402. And the port of the first passage 46 in the outer wall portion of the second valve seat main body 42 is located in the second sub-cavity 182.
  • annular flow path 104 is formed between the outer wall of the second valve seat body 42.
  • the annular flow passage 104 is in communication with the first passage 46, while the annular flow passage 104 is also in communication with the bypass passage 15.
  • the valve seat 4 is fixed to the valve body 1 by a pressing block 6, and the pressing block 6 is provided with an external thread.
  • the external thread of the pressing block 6 is screwed and fixed to the internal thread 184 of the first sub-cavity 181.
  • At least one annular tooth-shaped projection 48 is provided at the lower end portion of the first valve seat main body 41, and the tooth-shaped projection 48 and the The bottom wall of a sub-cavity 181 abuts, and the hardness of the toothed projection 48 is greater than the hardness of the bottom wall of the first sub-cavity 181 of the valve body, and the toothed projection 48 abuts against the bottom wall of the first sub-cavity 181 of the valve body.
  • the toothed protrusions 48 When connected, the toothed protrusions 48 can be embedded in the bottom wall of the first sub-cavity 181 of the valve body, thereby further improving the sealing performance and reducing the risk of leakage.
  • the dentate projections may also be disposed on the bottom wall of the first sub-chamber of the valve body. It should be noted here that the risk of leakage of the electric valve can be reduced by providing the first seal 401 and the toothed projection 48, and the risk of leakage of the electric valve can be reduced by providing the second seal 402.
  • the outer wall of the first piston main body 55 of the piston 5 is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the third sub-cavity 183 of the valve body, and a third is disposed between the outer wall of the first piston main body 55 and the inner wall of the third sub-cavity 183.
  • the sealing member has a certain distance between the outer wall of the second piston main body 56 and the inner wall of the third sub-cavity 183, so that the first cavity 19 can pass through the second sub-passage 53, the first sub-channel 52 and the second passage 45 and the valve
  • the upper chamber 44 remains in communication.
  • a sealing block is disposed in the seal block accommodating chamber 51, and the piston 5 can abut against the second valve port 13 by the return spring 7.
  • a check valve is further disposed in the third chamber 17, the check valve includes a check valve spool 81 and a bracket 82, and the check valve spool 81 can be along the bracket 82. Free to slide.
  • the check valve spool 81 abuts against the third port 14, and the third port 14 is closed.
  • the check valve spool 81 is away from the third port 14, and the third port 14 is opened.
  • the check valve may not be provided.
  • the electric valve is in the fully closed state, at which time the valve needle 21 abuts against the first valve port 43, and the piston 5 abuts against the second valve port 13 by the return spring 7, and the first interface 11 is The first interface 11 is not in communication with the second cavity 16 , and the first interface 11 is not in communication with the second interface 12 .
  • the second chamber 16 is in a pressurized process, so when the piston 5 closes the second valve port 13, the check valve spool 81 will Along from the third valve port 14, the third valve port 14 is opened, and the second chamber 16 is in communication with the third chamber 17 through the third valve port 14.
  • the electric valve is in the first throttle state.
  • the valve needle 21 is away from the first valve port 43 by a certain distance, the first valve port 43 is opened, but at least a part of the valve needle 21 is located at the first valve port. 43 inside.
  • the flow area of the throttle passage formed between the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first valve port 43.
  • the piston 5 abuts against the second valve port 13 under the pressure difference of the fluid and the elastic force of the return spring 7, at which time the second valve port 13 is in the closed state.
  • the first interface 11 may sequentially pass through the second sub-channel 53, the first sub-channel 52, the second channel 45, the first valve port 43, the first channel 46, the annular flow channel 104, the bypass channel 15, and the third cavity 17 It is in communication with the second interface 12.
  • the throttle passage formed between the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43 is throttled and depressurized, and the electric valve is throttled.
  • the flow area of the throttle passage formed between the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43 is smaller than the flow area of the smallest passage of the second sub-passage 53, the first sub-passage 52 and the second passage 45, through the valve.
  • the needle 21 can control the flow area of the throttle passage formed between the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43, thereby realizing the flow rate control, thereby achieving different required throttle capacity.
  • the electric valve is in a fully open state, at which time the valve needle 21 is away from the first valve port 43, the first valve port 43 is opened, the valve needle is completely outside the first valve port 43, and the first port 11 can be Passing through the second sub-channel 53, the first sub-channel 52, the second passage 45, the first valve port 43, the first passage 46, the annular flow passage 104, the bypass passage 15, and the third chamber 17 and the second chamber 16 Connected.
  • the first interface 11 can be in communication with the second interface 12 through the second valve port 13, the second chamber 16, the third valve port 14, and the third chamber 17 in sequence.
  • the flow resistance is less than that of the second sub-channel 53, the first sub-channel 52, the second channel 45, and the second Flow resistance of a valve port 43, a first passage 46, an annular flow passage 104, a bypass passage 15, and a third chamber 17, so that when fluid flows in through the first port 11, in this state, most of the fluid passes through the second valve
  • the port 13, the second chamber 16, the third valve port 14, and the third chamber 17 are then discharged from the second port 12 to achieve a fully open function.
  • the motorized valve is in a second throttle state. Since the one-way valve is further provided in the third chamber 17, when the second port 12 serves as an inlet, when the second port 12 flows into the high-pressure refrigerant, the check valve body 81 is pushed by the high-pressure refrigerant and the third The valve port 14 abuts and the third valve port 14 is closed.
  • the valve needle 21 is driven away from the first valve port 43 by the rotor 22, the first valve port 43 is opened, and the flow area of the throttle passage formed between the valve needle 21 and the first valve port 43 is less than or equal to
  • the flow cross-sectional area of the first valve port 43 is such that the piston 5 abuts against the second valve port 13 under the action of the pressure difference of the fluid and the return spring 7, and the second valve port 13 is closed.
  • the second interface 12 can sequentially pass through the third cavity 17, the bypass passage 15, the annular flow passage 104, the first passage 46, the first valve port 43, the second passage 45, the first sub-channel 52 and the second sub-channel 53 It is in communication with the first interface 11.
  • the first throttle state, the fully closed state, and the fully open state can also be realized when the check valve is not provided.
  • the check valve is installed through the second interface 12, and the check valve can also be installed by other means, for example, the bottom of the lower valve body 1 is punched for installation, and can be selected according to actual conditions. One is not limited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动阀，包括阀体（1）、阀芯组件（2）和线圈组件（3），阀芯组件包括活塞（5）、阀座（4）、阀针（21）和转子（22），阀座设置有第一阀口（43），阀体设置有第一接口（11）、第二接口（12）、第二阀口（13）和旁通通道（15），第一阀口的一端部保持与第一接口相连通，第一阀口的另一端部通过旁通通道与第二接口相连通，在第二阀口与第二接口之间设置有第三阀口（14），在第三阀口与第二接口之间直接设置有单向阀；当第二接口作为进口时，当阀针与第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于第一阀口的截面积时，第二阀口和第三阀口关闭，第二接口通过旁通通道和第一阀口与第一接口相连通，节流通道的流通面积随着阀针与第一阀口之间的距离变化而变化。

Description

一种电动阀
本申请要求于2017年06月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710519696.2、发明名称为“一种电动阀”，及申请号为201710518984.6、发明名称为“一种电动阀”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及流体控制领域，具体涉及一种电动阀。
背景技术
随着人们对节能减排的要求越来越高，对空调系统的性能要求也越来越高，热泵型空调系统也成为了当今热门应用。但传统的膨胀阀，不管是电子膨胀阀，还是热力膨胀阀，只能够起到节流的作用。如果需要实现节流和全开全关的功能，往往需要在空调系统中使用多个膨胀阀和多个电磁阀相结合的方案才能实现节流和全开全关的功能。
随着对空调系统性能要求的增加，对空调系统紧凑型要求的增加，也基于成本的考虑，提供一种具有节流和全开全关功能的电动阀是目前本领域技术人员急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是提供一种电动阀，具有节流、全开、全关功能。
本发明的实施方式提供一种电动阀，包括阀体、阀芯组件和线圈组件，所述阀芯组件包括活塞、阀座、阀针和转子，在所述活塞和所述阀座之间设置有回复弹簧，所述回复弹簧的一端与所述活塞相抵接，所述回复弹簧的另一端与所述阀座相抵接，所述回复弹簧处于压缩状态，所述阀座设置有第一阀口，所述阀体设置有一端开口的腔，在所述一端开口的腔的底壁设置有第二阀口，所述阀座的至少一部分外壁与所述一端开口的腔所对应的内壁之间密封配合，所述活塞与所述一端开口的腔的内壁之间滑动配合， 所述阀体还设置有第一接口、第二接口、第二阀口和旁通通道，所述活塞设置有连通所述第一阀口的上端部和所述第一接口的流体通道，所述第一阀口的一端部保持与所述第一接口相连通，所述第一阀口的另一端部通过所述旁通通道与所述第二接口相连通，在所述第二阀口与所述第二接口之间设置有第三阀口，在所述第三阀口与所述第二接口直接设置有单向阀；
当所述第二接口作为进口时，当所述阀针远离所述第一阀口且所述阀针的至少一部分位于所述第一阀口内，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于所述第一阀口的截面积，此时，所述活塞与所述第二阀口相抵接，所述第二阀口关闭，所述单向阀与所述第三阀口相抵接，所述第三阀口关闭，所述第二接口通过所述旁通通道和所述第一阀口与所述第一接口相连通，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积随着所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间的距离变化而变化。
本发明实施方式还提供一种电动阀，包括阀体、阀芯组件和线圈组件，其特征在于，所述阀芯组件包括活塞、阀座、阀针和转子，在所述活塞和所述阀座之间设置有回复弹簧，所述回复弹簧的一端与所述活塞相抵接，所述回复弹簧的另一端与所述阀座相抵接，所述回复弹簧处于压缩状态，所述阀座设置有第一阀口，所述阀体设置有一端开口的腔，在所述一端开口的腔的底壁设置有第二阀口，所述阀座的至少两部分的外壁与所述一端开口的腔所对应的内壁之间密封配合，所述第一阀口位于所述阀座的、与所述一端开口的腔所对应的内壁密封配合的两部分之间，所述阀体还设置有第一接口、第二接口和旁通通道，所述活塞设置有连通所述第一阀口的上端部和所述第一接口的流体通道，所述第一阀口的一端部保持与所述第一接口相连通，所述第一阀口的另一端部通过所述旁通通道与所述第二接口相连通；
当所述阀针远离所述第一阀口且所述阀针的至少一部分位于所述第一阀口内，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于所述第一阀口的截面积，所述电动阀处于节流状态，此时，所述活塞与所述第二阀口相抵接，所述第二阀口关闭，所述第一接口通过所述第一阀口和所述旁通通道与所述第二接口相连通，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积随着所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间的距离变化而变 化。
上述电动阀在第二接口作为进口时可实现全关和节流功能，当第二接口作为出口时可实现节流、全开和全关功能，达到双向节流、大流量全通、以及全关的流体流动控制。
附图说明
图1是本发明一实施例的电动阀的立体结构示意图。
图2是图1所示电动阀在全关时的剖视示意图。
图3是图1所示电动阀的阀体剖视示意图。
图4是图1所示电动阀的阀座剖视示意图。
图5是图1所示电动阀的活塞剖视示意图。
图6是图1所示电动阀在第一节流状态时的剖视示意图。
图7是图1所示电动阀在全开状态时的剖视示意图。
图8是图1所示电动阀在第二节流状态时的剖视示意图。
其中，附图中箭头为流体流动的示意方向。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式具体说明本发明的技术方案，本说明书所述的方位名词按照附图中方位关系或图中的相应方位关系来阐述的。
如图1所示，电动阀包括阀体1、阀芯组件2和线圈组件3，其中线圈组件3可以是套设于阀芯组件2，线圈组件3可以通过螺钉等与阀体1相固定。在线圈组件3中还可以设置有线路板和接插件，其中线路板和接插件可以集成于一体。
如图2至图5所示，阀芯组件2包括活塞5、阀座4、阀针21和转子22，在活塞5和阀座4之间设置有回复弹簧7，回复弹簧7的一端与活塞5相抵接，回复弹簧7的另一端与阀座4相抵接，回复弹簧7处于压缩状态。其中阀座4与阀体1相固定，转子22可以在线圈组件3驱动下转动，阀针21可以在转子22的带动下进行上下进给动作。
如图4所示，阀座4包括位于上部的第一阀座主体41和位于下部的第 二阀座主体42，其中第一阀座主体41与第二阀座主体42相邻设置，第一阀座主体41的外径大于第二阀座主体42的外径，在第一阀座主体41的外壁设置有至少一个用于容置密封件的凹槽，在本实施例中，用于设置密封件的凹槽是两个。阀座4还设置有阀座上腔44和阀座下腔47，阀座上腔44相对远离阀座下腔47的一端开口，阀座下腔47相对远离阀座上腔44的一端开口。阀座4还设置有连通阀座上腔44和阀座下腔47的第二通道45。阀座4还设置有第一阀口43，第一阀口43设置在阀座4的与阀座上腔44的底部相对应的部分，第一阀口43与第二通道45相邻设置。在第二阀座主体42设置有第一通道46，第一通道46的一端与第一阀口43的相连通，第一通道46的另一端位于第二阀座主体42的外壁，第一阀口43可以通过第一通道46与阀座4外部相连通。
第二阀座主体42的外壁也设置有用于容置密封件的凹槽，第二阀座主体42的外壁的凹槽位于第一通道46的下方。
这里应当指出，在其他实施例中，也可以不设置阀座下腔47，阀座上腔44可以通过第二通道45与阀座4外部相连通。在本实施例中，通过设置阀座下腔47可以回复弹簧7的一端容置于阀座下腔47，能够提高回复弹簧7的稳定性，防止回复弹簧7发生偏移。
如图2所示，转子22可以带动阀针21上下动作，使得阀针21能够远离第一阀口43或者与第一阀口43相抵接，通过阀针21与第一阀口43之间的距离关系，可以控制流体通过第一阀口43的流量。当阀针21与第一阀口43相抵接时，第一阀口43被关闭，流体无法通过第一阀口43；随着阀针21逐渐远离第一阀口43，流体通过第一阀口43的流量逐渐增大，当流体通过第一阀口43的流通面积小于第一通道46和/或第二通道45时，阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的通道可以作为节流通道，当高压制冷剂通过阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的通道时，高压制冷剂节流降压后形成低压制冷剂。在本实施例中，第一阀口43的内径小于第一通道46和/或第二通道45的内径。
如图3所示，阀体1设置有一端开口的腔，包括：第一子腔181、第二子腔182和第三子腔183。阀体1设置有第一接口11、第二接口12、第一腔19、第二腔16、第三腔17、第一子腔181、第二子腔182和第三子腔 183，其中第一子腔181、第二子腔182和第三子腔183从上至下设置且依次相连通，并且第一子腔181的内径大于第二子腔182的内径，第二子腔182的内径大于第三子腔183的内径。第一子腔181的一端开口，并且阀体1在第一子腔181靠近开口部分设置有内螺纹184。
第一接口11与第一腔19相连通，第一腔19与第三子腔183相连通。在第一腔19和第三子腔183相连通部位还可以设置有连通部185，连通部185的底壁呈螺旋状结构，通过设置连通部185，可以使流体能够在第一腔19和第三子腔183之间流通更加顺畅，连通部185能够起到引导流体流动的作用。
第二腔16位于第三子腔183的下方，并且第二腔16位于第一腔19和第三腔17之间，第一腔19与第二腔16之间不直接连通，第二腔16与第三腔17之间相连通。在第二腔16与第三子腔183之间还设置有第二阀口13，第一腔19可以通过第三子腔183和第二阀口13与第二腔16相连通。
第三腔17与第二接口12相连通，第三子腔183可以通过第二阀口13、第二腔16、第三腔17与第二接口12相连通，和/或第三子腔183可以通过第二子腔182、旁通通道15、第三腔17与第二接口12相连通。
在本实施例中，在第二腔16和第三腔17之间还设置有第三阀口14，第二腔16通过第三阀口14与第三腔17相连通。
阀体1还设置有一旁通通道15，旁通通道15的一端与第二子腔182相连通，旁通通道15的另一端与第三腔17相连通，旁通通道15连通第二子腔182和第三腔17。在本实施例中，旁通通道15与第三子腔183相平行，即旁通通道15与第三子腔183延伸方向相同，这样在加工旁通通道15时，可以直接穿过第二子腔182的底壁至第三腔17。
如图5所示，活塞5包括第一活塞主体55和第二活塞主体56，其中第一活塞主体55的外径大于第二活塞主体56的外径，活塞5还设置有活塞上腔54和密封块容纳腔51，活塞上腔54和密封块容纳腔51位于活塞5的相对两侧。活塞5还设置有第一子通道52和第二子通道53，其中第一子通道52的一端位于活塞上腔54相对应的底壁，第一子通道52的另一端与第二子通道53相连通。第二子通道53位于第一子通道52的下方，活塞 上腔54可以依次通过第一子通道52、第二子通道53与活塞外部连通。
并且，第二子通道53包括至少一个位于第二活塞主体56的外壁的端口，当第二子通道53位于第二活塞主体56外壁的端口的数量大于等于2时，能够使流体能够更加顺畅的通过第二子通道53流向第一子通道52。
结合图2、图3以及图4所示，阀座4的第一阀座主体41的外壁与阀体1的第一子腔181内壁之间间隙配合，在第一阀座主体41的外壁和阀体的第一子腔181内壁之间设置有至少一个第一密封件401。第二阀座主体42的外壁与阀体的第三子腔183内壁之间间隙配合，在第二阀座主体42的外壁和阀体的第三子腔83内壁之间设置有至少一个第二密封件402。并且第一通道46在第二阀座主体42外壁部分的端口位于第二子腔182，由于第二子腔182的内径大于第三子腔183的内径，所以阀体的第二子腔182内壁与第二阀座主体42的外壁之间形成有环形流道104。环形流道104与第一通道46相连通，同时，环形流道104也与旁通通道15相连通。
阀座4通过一压块6与阀体1相固定，压块6设置有外螺纹，压块6的外螺纹与第一子腔181的内螺纹184螺纹连接固定。
为了提高阀座4与阀体的第一子腔181内壁之间的密封性能，在第一阀座主体41的下端部设置有至少一条环形的齿状凸起48，齿状凸起48与第一子腔181的底壁相抵接，并且齿状凸起48的硬度大于阀体的第一子腔181底壁的硬度，在齿状凸起48与阀体的第一子腔181底壁相抵接时，齿状凸起48能够嵌入阀体的第一子腔181底壁内，从而进一步提高密封性能，降低外漏风险。当然，齿状凸起也可以设置在阀体的第一子腔底壁。这里应当指出，通过设置第一密封件401和齿状凸起48可以降低电动阀的外漏风险，通过设置第二密封件402可以降低电动阀的内漏风险。
结合图5，活塞5的第一活塞主体55的外壁与阀体的第三子腔183内壁之间滑动配合，在第一活塞主体55的外壁与第三子腔183内壁之间设置有第三密封件，第二活塞主体56的外壁与第三子腔183内壁之间具有一定的距离，这样，第一腔19可以通过第二子通道53、第一子通道52和第二通道45与阀座上腔44保持连通状态。在密封块容纳腔51内设置有密封块，活塞5可以在回复弹簧7的作用下与第二阀口13相抵接。
如图2所示，在本实施例中，在第三腔17中还设置有单向阀，单向阀 包括单向阀阀芯81和支架82，单向阀阀芯81可以沿着支架82自由滑动。当第二接口12侧的流体压力大于第三阀口14侧的流体压力时，单向阀阀芯81与第三阀口14相抵接，第三阀口14被关闭。当第二接口12侧的流体压力小于于第三阀口14侧的流体压力时，单向阀阀芯81远离第三阀口14，第三阀口14被打开。
这里应当说明，在其他实施例的电动阀中，也可以不设置单向阀。
下面通过附图本实施例的电动阀的工作方式做进一步的说明。
如图2所示，电动阀处于全关状态，此时阀针21与第一阀口43相抵接，活塞5在回复弹簧7的作用下与第二阀口13相抵接，第一接口11既不与阀座上腔44相连通，第一接口11也不与第二腔16相连通，第一接口11与第二接口12不相通。这里应当指出，在活塞5向下运动关闭第二阀口13时，对于第二腔16是处于一个加压的过程，所以在活塞5关闭第二阀口13时，单向阀阀芯81会远离第三阀口14，第三阀口14打开，第二腔16与第三腔17通过第三阀口14相连通。
如图6所示，电动阀处于第一节流状态，此时，阀针21远离第一阀口43一定距离，第一阀口43被打开，但阀针21的至少一部分位于第一阀口43内。在第一节流状态，阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于第一阀口43的截面积。在第一节流状态，活塞5在流体的压力差和回复弹簧7的弹力作用下与第二阀口13相抵接，此时第二阀口13处于关闭状态。第一接口11可以依次通过第二子通道53、第一子通道52、第二通道45、第一阀口43、第一通道46、环形流道104、旁通通道15和第三腔17后与第二接口12相连通。当从第一接口11流入电动阀的流体为高压制冷剂时，在通过阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的节流通道时被节流降压，此时电动阀具有节流的功能。这里应当指出，阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于第二子通道53、第一子通道52和第二通道45中最小的通道的流通面积，通过阀针21可以控制阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的节流通道的流通面积，从而实现流量的控制，从而可以实现不同要求的节流能力。
如图7所示，电动阀处于全开状态，此时阀针21远离第一阀口43，第一阀口43被打开，阀针已经完全位于第一阀口43外，第一接口11可以 依次通过第二子通道53、第一子通道52、第二通道45、第一阀口43、第一通道46、环形流道104、旁通通道15和第三腔17后与第二腔16相连通。由于阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的节流通道的流通面积大于等于第一阀口43的截面积，活塞5在流体的压力差的作用下向上运动压缩回复弹簧7，活塞5远离第二阀口13，第二阀口13被打开。第一接口11可以依次通过第二阀口13、第二腔16、第三阀口14和第三腔17后与第二接口12相连通。由于流体依次通过第二阀口13、第二腔16、第三阀口14和第三腔17的流动阻力要小于依次通过第二子通道53、第一子通道52、第二通道45、第一阀口43、第一通道46、环形流道104、旁通通道15和第三腔17的流动阻力，所以在流体通过第一接口11流入时，在此状态，流体大部分通过第二阀口13、第二腔16、第三阀口14和第三腔17后从第二接口12流出，实现全开的功能。
如图8所示，电动阀处于第二节流状态。由于在第三腔17中还设置有单向阀，当第二接口12作为入口时，当第二接口12流入高压制冷剂时，单向阀阀芯81在高压制冷剂的推动下与第三阀口14相抵接，第三阀口14被关闭。此时，阀针21在转子22的带动下远离第一阀口43一定距离，第一阀口43被打开，阀针21与第一阀口43之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于等于第一阀口43的流通截面积，活塞5在流体的压力差和回复弹簧7的作用下与第二阀口13相抵接，第二阀口13被关闭。第二接口12可以依次通过第三腔17、旁通通道15、环形流道104、第一通道46、第一阀口43、第二通道45、第一子通道52和第二子通道53后与第一接口11相连通。
这里应当指出，不设置单向阀时，也能够实现第一节流状态、全关状态和全开状态。并且在本实施例中，单向阀时通过第二接口12进行安装，单向阀也可以通过其他方式进行安装，例如下阀体1的底部打孔进行安装，可以根据实际情况进行选择，这一不做限定。
以上所述，仅是本发明的具体实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修 饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电动阀，包括阀体、阀芯组件和线圈组件，其特征在于，所述阀芯组件包括活塞、阀座、阀针和转子，在所述活塞和所述阀座之间设置有回复弹簧，所述回复弹簧的一端与所述活塞相抵接，所述回复弹簧的另一端与所述阀座相抵接，所述回复弹簧处于压缩状态，所述阀座设置有第一阀口，所述阀体设置有一端开口的腔，在所述一端开口的腔的底壁设置有第二阀口，所述阀座的至少一部分外壁与所述一端开口的腔所对应的内壁之间密封配合，所述活塞与所述一端开口的腔的内壁之间滑动配合，所述阀体还设置有第一接口、第二接口和旁通通道，所述活塞设置有连通所述第一阀口的上端部和所述第一接口的流体通道，所述第一阀口的一端部保持与所述第一接口相连通，所述第一阀口的另一端部通过所述旁通通道与所述第二接口相连通，在所述第二阀口与所述第二接口之间设置有第三阀口，在所述第三阀口与所述第二接口直接设置有单向阀；
    当所述第二接口作为进口时，当所述阀针远离所述第一阀口且所述阀针的至少一部分位于所述第一阀口内，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于所述第一阀口的截面积，此时，所述活塞与所述第二阀口相抵接，所述第二阀口关闭，所述单向阀与所述第三阀口相抵接，所述第三阀口关闭，所述第二接口通过所述旁通通道和所述第一阀口与所述第一接口相连通，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积随着所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间的距离变化而变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述阀体一端开口的腔包括第一子腔、第二子腔和第三子腔，所述第一子腔、第二子腔和第三子腔依次相连通，并且所述第一子腔的内径大于所述第二子腔的内径，所述第二子腔的内径大于所述第三子腔的内径，所述阀体还包括第一腔、第二腔和第三腔，所述第一腔与所述第一接口相连通，所述第三腔与所述第二接口相连通，其中，所述第一腔与所述第三子腔相连通，所述第二腔位于第三子腔的下方，所述第二阀口位于所述第二腔与所述第三子腔之间，所述第二腔位于所述第一腔和第三腔之间，所述第一腔与所述第二腔之间不直接连通，所述第二腔与第三腔之间相连通，所述旁通通道与所述第三子腔相邻设置，所述旁通通道的一端位于形成所述第二子腔的阀体的底壁， 所述旁通通道的另一端位于形成所述第三腔的侧壁。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动阀，其特征在于，在所述第一腔和所述第三子腔之间还可以设置有连通部，所述连通部连通所述第一腔和所述第三子腔，从所述第一腔至所述第三子腔的延伸方向，所述连通部的底壁逐渐抬高且呈螺旋状结构。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述第三阀口设置在所述第二腔和所述第三腔之间，所述单向阀设置于所述第三腔，所述单向阀包括单向阀阀芯和支架，所述单向阀阀芯可沿着所述支架自由滑动，当所述单向阀阀芯与所述第三阀口相抵接时，所述旁通通道通过所述第三腔与所述第二接口相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述阀座包括第一阀座主体和第二阀座主体，所述第一阀座主体与所述第二阀座主体相邻设置，所述第一阀座主体的外径大于所述第二阀座主体的外径，所述阀座还设置有阀座上腔，所述第一阀口设置在所述阀座上腔的底壁所对应部分，所述阀座还设置有第一通道和第二通道，所述第一阀口的一端与所述第一通道相连通，所述第一阀口的另一端与所述第二通道相连通，所述第二通道贯穿所述阀座上腔的底壁与所述阀座外部连通，所述第一通道远离所述第一阀口的一端位于所述第二阀座主体的外壁，所述第一通道连通所述第一阀口的一端部与所述旁通通道。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述第一阀座主体的外壁与所述第一子腔的内壁之间间隙配合，在所述第一阀座主体的外壁和所述第一子腔的内壁之间设置有至少一个第一密封件，所述第二阀座主体的一部分位于所述第一子腔，所述第二阀座主体的一部分位于所述第二子腔，所述第二阀座主体的一部分位于所述第三子腔，所述第二阀座主体位于所述第三子腔部分的外壁与所述第三子腔的内壁之间间隙配合，在所述第二阀座主体的外壁和所述第三子腔的内壁之间设置有至少一个第二密封件，所述第一通道在所述第二阀座主体外壁部分的端口位于所述第二子腔，所述第二子腔的内壁与所述第二阀座主体的外壁之间形成有环形流道，所述环形流道连通所述第一通道和所述旁通通道。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电动阀，其特征在于，在所述第一阀座主体 的下端部设置有至少一条环形的齿状凸起，所述齿状凸起与所述第一子腔的底壁相抵接，所述齿状凸起的硬度大于所述第一子腔的底壁的硬度，在所述齿状凸起与所述第一子腔的底壁相抵接时，所述齿状凸起能够嵌入所述第一子腔的底壁内；
    或者在所述第一子腔的底壁设置有至少一条环形的齿状凸起，所述齿状凸起与所述第一阀座主体的下端部相抵接，所述齿状凸起的硬度大于所述第一阀座主体的下端部的硬度，在所述齿状凸起与所述第一阀座主体的下端部相抵接时，所述齿状凸起能够嵌入所述第一阀座主体的下端部内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述活塞包括第一活塞主体和第二活塞主体，所述第一活塞主体的外径大于所述第二活塞主体的外径，所述活塞还设置有活塞上腔和密封块容纳腔，所述活塞上腔和所述密封块容纳腔位于所述活塞的相对两侧，所述活塞还设置有第一子通道和第二子通道，其中所述第一子通道的一端位于所述活塞上腔相对应的底壁，所述第一子通道的另一端与所述第二子通道相连通，所述第二子通道位于所述第一子通道的下方，所述活塞上腔依次通过所述第一子通道和所述第二子通道与所述活塞外部连通，所述第二子通道包括至少一个位于所述第二活塞主体外壁的端口，所述第一活塞主体的外壁与所述第三子腔的内壁之间滑动配合，在所述第一活塞主体的外壁与所述第三子腔的内壁之间设置有第三密封件，所述第二活塞主体的外壁与所述第三子腔的内壁之间具有一定的距离，所述第一腔通过所述第二子通道、所述第一子通道和所述第二通道与所述阀座上腔保持连通。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电动阀，其特征在于，当所述第一接口为进口时，所述电动阀包括全开状态、全关状态和第一节流状态；
    在所述全关状态，所述阀针与所述第一阀口相抵接，所述活塞与所述第二阀口相抵接，所述第一接口与所述第二接口不连通；
    在所述第一节流状态，所述第一阀口和所述第三阀口打开，所述第二阀口关闭，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于等于所述第一阀口的截面积，所述第一接口依次通过所述第二子通道、所述第一子通道、所述第二通道、所述第一阀口、所述第一通道、所述环形流道、所述旁通通道和所述第三腔后与所述第二接口相连通；
    在所述全开状态，所述阀针远离所述第一阀口，所述第一阀口被打开，所述阀针完全位于所述第一阀口外，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积大于在所述第一节流状态下所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积，所述活塞远离所述第二阀口，所述第二阀口被打开，所述第一接口通过所述第二阀口与所述第二接口相连通。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电动阀，其特征在于，当所述第一接口为进口时，所述电动阀包括第二节流状态，在所述第二节流状态，所述单向阀阀芯与所述第三阀口相抵接，所述第三阀口关闭，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于等于所述第一阀口的截面积，所述活塞与所述第二阀口相抵接，所述第二阀口关闭，所述第二接口依次通过所述第三腔、所述旁通通道、所述环形流道、所述第一通道、所述第一阀口、所述第二通道、所述第一子通道和所述第二子通道后与所述第一接口相连通。
  11. 一种电动阀，包括阀体、阀芯组件和线圈组件，其特征在于，所述阀芯组件包括活塞、阀座、阀针和转子，在所述活塞和所述阀座之间设置有回复弹簧，所述回复弹簧的一端与所述活塞相抵接，所述回复弹簧的另一端与所述阀座相抵接，所述回复弹簧处于压缩状态，所述阀座设置有第一阀口，所述阀体设置有一端开口的腔，在所述一端开口的腔的底壁设置有第二阀口，所述阀座的至少两部分的外壁与所述一端开口的腔所对应的内壁之间密封配合，所述第一阀口位于所述阀座的、与所述一端开口的腔所对应的内壁密封配合的两部分之间，所述阀体还设置有第一接口、第二接口和旁通通道，所述活塞设置有连通所述第一阀口的上端部和所述第一接口的流体通道，所述第一阀口的一端部保持与所述第一接口相连通，所述第一阀口的另一端部通过所述旁通通道与所述第二接口相连通；
    当所述阀针远离所述第一阀口且所述阀针的至少一部分位于所述第一阀口内，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积小于所述第一阀口的截面积，所述电动阀处于节流状态，此时，所述活塞与所述第二阀口相抵接，所述第二阀口关闭，所述第一接口通过所述第一阀口和所述旁通通道与所述第二接口相连通，所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间形成的节流通道的流通面积随着所述阀针与所述第一阀口之间的距离变化而变 化。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述阀体一端开口的腔包括第一子腔、第二子腔和第三子腔，所述第一子腔、第二子腔和第三子腔依次相连通，并且所述第一子腔的内径大于所述第二子腔的内径，所述第二子腔的内径大于所述第三子腔的内径，所述阀体还包括第一腔、第二腔和第三腔，所述第一腔与所述第一接口相连通，所述第三腔与所述第二接口相连通，其中，所述第一腔与所述第三子腔相连通，所述第二腔位于所述第三子腔的下方，所述第二阀口位于所述第二腔与所述第三子腔之间，所述第二腔位于所述第一腔和所述第三腔之间，所述第一腔与所述第二腔之间不直接连通，所述第二腔与所述第三腔之间相连通，所述旁通通道与所述第三子腔相邻设置，所述旁通通道的一端位于所述第二子腔的底壁，所述旁通通道的另一端位于所述第三腔的侧壁。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述阀座还设置有阀座上腔，所述第一阀口设置在所述阀座上腔的底壁所对应部分，所述阀座还设置有第一通道和第二通道，所述第一阀口的一端与所述第一通道相连通，所述第一阀口的另一端与所述第二通道相连通，所述第二通道贯穿所述阀座上腔的底壁与所述阀座外部连通，所述第一通道远离所述第一阀口的一端位于所述第二阀座主体的外壁，所述第一通道连通所述第一阀口的一端部与所述旁通通道；所述活塞还设置有第一子通道和第二子通道，其中所述第一子通道的一端位于所述活塞上腔相对应的底壁，所述第一子通道的另一端与所述第二子通道相连通，所述第二子通道位于所述第一子通道的下方，所述活塞上腔依次通过所述第一子通道和所述第二子通道与所述活塞外部连通，所述第一腔通过第二子通道、第一子通道和所述第二通道与所述阀座上腔保持连通。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述阀座还设置有阀座下腔，所述第二通道连通所述阀座上腔和所述阀座下腔，所述阀针的一部分位于所述阀座上腔，所述回复弹簧的一部分位于所述阀座下腔。
  15. 根据权利要求12至14任一项所述的电动阀，其特征在于，所述第二腔和所述第三腔之间设置有第三阀口，在所述第三腔中还设置有单向阀，所述单向阀包括单向阀阀芯和支架，所述单向阀阀芯可沿着所述支架 自由滑动，当所述第二接口侧的流体压力大于所述第三阀口侧的流体压力时，所述单向阀阀芯与所述第三阀口相抵接，所述第三阀口被关闭。
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