WO2018159142A1

WO2018159142A1 - Vehicle air-conditioning apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2018159142A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/001482
Authority: WO
Inventors: 徹也石関; 岡本　佳之
Original assignee: サンデン・オートモーティブクライメイトシステム株式会社
Priority date: 2017-02-28
Filing date: 2018-01-12
Publication date: 2018-09-07
Also published as: JP2018140720A; JP6855281B2

Abstract

Provided is a vehicle air-conditioning apparatus such that the cooling effect of air that has passed through an external heat exchanger can be effectively utilized for the temperature adjustment of a battery. The present invention comprises: a circulating pump 62 which circulates a heat medium to a battery 55; an air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 which performs heat exchange between air and the heat medium; a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 which performs heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing from the external heat exchanger 7 and the heat medium; an auxiliary expansion valve 73 which decompresses the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64; and a three-way valve 63 which switches between the circulation and the non-circulation of the heat medium through the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67. The air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 is disposed on the downwind side of the external heat exchanger 7.

Description

Air conditioner for vehicles

The present invention relates to a heat pump type air conditioner that air-conditions the interior of a vehicle, and more particularly to a vehicle air conditioner that is suitable for a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle equipped with a battery.

With the recent emergence of environmental problems, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles that drive a traction motor with electric power supplied from a battery have become widespread. As an air conditioner that can be applied to such a vehicle, a compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, a radiator that is provided on the vehicle interior side and dissipates the refrigerant, and is provided on the vehicle interior side. A heat sink that absorbs the refrigerant and a refrigerant circuit that is provided outside the passenger compartment and vents the outside air and that is connected to an outdoor heat exchanger that absorbs or dissipates the refrigerant, and dissipates the refrigerant discharged from the compressor. A heating mode (heating operation) in which heat is radiated in the radiator, and the refrigerant radiated in the radiator is absorbed in the outdoor heat exchanger, and cooling in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated in the outdoor heat exchanger and absorbed in the heat absorber One that switches and executes a mode (cooling operation) has been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
On the other hand, the charge / discharge performance of the battery is lowered in a low temperature environment. In addition, when charging / discharging is performed in an environment where the temperature is high due to self-heating or the like, the deterioration proceeds, and there is a risk of causing malfunction and eventually damaging. In view of this, a battery that can adjust the temperature of the battery by circulating cooling water (heat medium) that exchanges heat with the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit to the battery has been developed (for example, see Patent Document 2). ).

JP 2014-213765 A Japanese Patent No. 54042626

However, in the conventional configuration, a radiator (air-heat medium heat exchanger) for exchanging heat between the outdoor heat exchanger and the cooling water (heat medium) is disposed on the windward side of the outdoor heat exchanger. Therefore, there has been a drawback that the cooling action by the air (outside air) that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger cannot be fully utilized for adjusting the temperature of the battery.
The present invention has been made to solve the conventional technical problems, and is a vehicle air that can effectively use the cooling action by the air that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger to adjust the temperature of the battery. It aims at providing a harmony device.

The vehicle air conditioner of the present invention heats the compressor that compresses the refrigerant, the air flow passage through which the air supplied to the vehicle interior flows, and the air that dissipates the refrigerant and is supplied from the air flow passage to the vehicle interior. A heat sink for absorbing heat from the air flow passage to cool the air supplied to the vehicle interior, an outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle cabin to absorb or dissipate the refrigerant, This outdoor heat exchanger is provided with an outdoor blower for ventilating the outside air and a control device, and at least the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the radiator by the control device, and the radiated refrigerant is decompressed, and then the outdoor A heating operation that absorbs heat with a heat exchanger and a cooling operation that radiates the refrigerant discharged from the compressor with an outdoor heat exchanger, depressurizes the radiated refrigerant, and absorbs heat with the heat absorber. And mounted on the vehicle A battery, a circulation device for circulating the heat medium in the battery to adjust the temperature of the battery, an air-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the air and the heat medium, and an outdoor heat exchanger Refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat with a part or all of the refrigerant discharged from the heat medium and the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger, or the refrigerant An expansion valve for preventing refrigerant from flowing into the heat medium heat exchanger, and a flow path switching device for switching whether or not to circulate the heat medium in the air-heat medium heat exchanger. The heat medium heat exchanger is arranged on the leeward side of the outdoor heat exchanger.
A vehicle air conditioner according to a second aspect of the present invention is provided on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger in the above invention, and is provided with a heating on-off valve that is opened during heating operation and on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger. A cooling on-off valve that is provided and is opened during cooling operation is provided, and the refrigerant that flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger and reaches the on-off valves flows to the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a vehicle according to the present invention, wherein the controller is configured to circulate the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device in the heating operation. A heating / battery cooling mode is performed in which the heat medium is cooled by outside air after heat exchange, and the battery is cooled by the heat medium.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention, when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is low, the control device operates the outdoor blower with the compressor stopped, and the flow path switching device. The heat medium is circulated through the air-heat medium heat exchanger to cool the heat medium by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower, and the first battery cooling single mode is performed in which the battery is cooled by the heat medium. And
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the vehicle air conditioner according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is high, the control device operates the compressor and converts the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to the outdoor heat exchanger. All the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger is decompressed by the expansion valve without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device, and then the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchange is performed. The second battery cooling single mode is performed in which the heat medium is cooled by flowing into the container and absorbing heat from the heat medium, and the battery is cooled by the heat medium.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle air conditioner according to any one of the above-described aspects, wherein the control device converts the heat medium into an air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is low during cooling operation. The first cooling / battery cooling mode is performed in which the heat medium is cooled by the outside air that is circulated by the outdoor air blown and the battery is cooled by the heat medium.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the vehicle air conditioner according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is high in the cooling operation, the control device circulates the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. Without reducing the pressure, a part of the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger is decompressed by the expansion valve, and then flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbs heat from the heat medium to cool the heat medium. A second cooling / battery cooling mode in which the battery is cooled by the medium is executed.
An air conditioner for a vehicle according to an eighth aspect of the present invention includes the heating device for heating the heat medium according to the third to seventh aspects of the present invention, and the control device converts the heat medium to air-heat medium heat by the flow path switching device. Without circulating to the exchanger, the expansion valve prevents the refrigerant from flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger, or stops the compressor and heats the heat medium with the heating device, A battery heating mode for heating the battery is executed.
A vehicle air conditioner according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle according to the third to eighth aspects of the present invention, wherein the control device circulates the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device in the heating operation. Heating / battery heat that transports the heat of the battery to the refrigerant by reducing all the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger by the expansion valve and then flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium An HP use mode is executed.
A vehicle air conditioner according to a tenth aspect of the present invention includes the heating device for heating the heat medium according to the third to ninth aspects of the invention, and the control device supplies the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to the outdoor heat exchanger. The outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted by radiating the heat and the refrigerant is discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger by the expansion valve without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. After depressurization, the defrosting / battery cooling / heating mode in which the heat of the battery and / or the heating device is transferred to the refrigerant by flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium is executed. Features.

According to the present invention, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an air flow passage through which air to be supplied to the vehicle interior flows, and a radiator for heating the air to be radiated from the refrigerant and supplied to the vehicle interior from the air flow passage. A heat absorber for absorbing heat from the refrigerant and cooling the air supplied from the air flow passage to the vehicle interior, an outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle cabin to absorb or dissipate the refrigerant, and this outdoor heat exchange An outdoor blower that ventilates the outside air to the unit and a control device, and at least the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the radiator by the control device, and after the decompressed refrigerant is decompressed, the outdoor heat exchanger In an air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle that performs a heating operation for absorbing heat and a cooling operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by an outdoor heat exchanger, and the radiated refrigerant is decompressed and then absorbed by the heat absorber Mounted on the vehicle A battery, a circulation device for circulating the heat medium in the battery to adjust the temperature of the battery, an air-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the air and the heat medium, and an outdoor heat exchanger Refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat with a part or all of the refrigerant discharged from the heat medium and the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger, or the refrigerant An expansion valve for preventing refrigerant from flowing into the heat medium heat exchanger, and a flow path switching device for switching whether or not to circulate the heat medium in the air-heat medium heat exchanger. Since the heat medium heat exchanger is disposed on the leeward side of the outdoor heat exchanger, the outside air that is ventilated by the outdoor fan to the outdoor heat exchanger passes through the air-heat medium heat exchanger. Thereby, the heat medium is circulated in the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device, and the heat exchange between the outside air having passed through the outdoor heat exchanger and the heat medium circulated in the air-heat medium heat exchanger is performed. Thus, it is possible to use the cooling action by the outside air that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger for adjusting the temperature of the battery.
Thus, for example, when the control device is performing the heating operation as in the invention of claim 3, the heat exchanger is circulated to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device to exchange heat with the outdoor heat exchanger. The heating medium is cooled by the outside air after being cooled, and the battery is cooled by the heating medium. By executing the heating / battery cooling mode, the heating medium is cooled by the outside air that has been absorbed by the refrigerant and reduced in temperature during heating operation. The heat medium can cool the battery, and the temperature can be adjusted so that the battery does not become unnecessarily high due to self-heating or the like.
Further, when the vehicle is stopped in an environment where the outside air temperature is low and the battery is being charged, for example, the controller stops the compressor when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is low as in the invention of claim 4 The outdoor air blower is operated at the same time, and the heat medium is circulated to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device to cool the heat medium by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor fan, and the battery is cooled by the heat medium. If the first battery cooling single mode is executed, the heat medium can be cooled by the outside air that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger having a low temperature, the battery can be cooled, and the compressor is stopped. Even in a state where the battery is present, the temperature can be adjusted so that the battery does not become unnecessarily high.
In this state, for example, when the outdoor air temperature rises and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger becomes high, or when the vehicle is stopped in an environment where the outdoor air temperature is high and the battery is charged, the outdoor heat exchanger When the temperature is high, for example, as in the invention of claim 5, the control device operates the compressor to dissipate the refrigerant discharged from the compressor in the outdoor heat exchanger, and heats the heat by the flow path switching device. Without circulating the medium to the air-to-heat medium heat exchanger, all the refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger is decompressed by the expansion valve, and then flows into the refrigerant-to-heat medium heat exchanger to absorb heat from the heat medium. If the second battery cooling single mode is performed in which the heat medium is cooled and the battery is cooled by the heat medium, the heat medium is cooled by the heat absorption action of the refrigerant, and the battery is cooled by the cooled heat medium. Can be cooled Kill As becomes, even when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is high, the heat medium is cooled by the refrigerant, the battery it is possible to adjust the temperature so as not to high temperature more than necessary.
Further, when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is low even when the cooling operation is being performed, the control device as described in the invention of claim 6 converts the heat medium into the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. If the first cooling / battery cooling mode is performed in which the heat medium is cooled by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower and is cooled by the heat medium, the outdoor heat exchanger having a low temperature is used. The heat medium is cooled by the outside air that has passed through, and the battery can be cooled by the cooled heat medium. When the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is low even during the cooling operation, the heat medium is cooled by the outside air, It is possible to adjust the temperature so that the battery does not become unnecessarily high.
In this state, for example, when the outdoor air temperature rises and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger increases, or when the cooling operation is performed in an environment where the outdoor air temperature is high and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is high. For example, as in the seventh aspect of the present invention, the control device causes the expansion valve to transfer a part of the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. After depressurization, the second cooling / battery cooling mode is performed in which the heat medium is cooled by flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium, and the battery is cooled by the heat medium. Then, the heat medium can be cooled by the endothermic action of a part of the refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger, and the battery can be cooled by the cooled heat medium, and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is high. Even in the case of cooling operation in the passenger compartment While executing, the heat medium is cooled by the refrigerant, the battery it is possible to adjust the temperature so as not to high temperature more than necessary.
Further, for example, a heating device for heating the heat medium as in the invention of claim 8 is provided, and the control device circulates the refrigerant by the expansion valve without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. By preventing the refrigerant from flowing into the heat medium heat exchanger, or by stopping the compressor and heating the heat medium with the heating device, the battery heating mode for heating the battery with the heat medium is executed. For example, when the vehicle interior is heated or cooled, or when the vehicle is stopped and charging the battery, the heating medium is heated by the heating device, and the battery is heated by the heated heating medium. It becomes possible to adjust the temperature so that the battery does not become low temperature.
Further, as in the ninth aspect of the invention, the control device expands all the refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device in the heating operation. After the pressure is reduced by the valve, the heating / battery heat HP utilization mode in which the heat of the battery is transferred to the refrigerant by flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium is performed. If the battery is transported to the refrigerant to achieve efficient heating operation, the temperature of the battery can be adjusted so that it does not become unnecessarily high.
Further, when the outdoor heat exchanger is frosted or an environment where frost formation is likely to occur, if the heating / battery heat HP utilization mode is executed, the outdoor heat exchanger is frosted during heating operation. Is less likely to occur or the progress of frost formation can be delayed.
A heating device for heating the heat medium is provided as in the invention of claim 10, and the control device radiates the refrigerant discharged from the compressor in the outdoor heat exchanger to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger. Without any circulation of the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device, all the refrigerant that has come out of the outdoor heat exchanger is decompressed by the expansion valve, and then flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger. If the defrosting / battery cooling / heating mode in which the heat of the battery and / or the heating device is transferred to the refrigerant by absorbing heat from the heat medium, the heat of the battery or the heating device is transferred to the refrigerant. Thus, the outdoor heat exchanger can be quickly defrosted.
In this case, the heating device is not heated when the battery temperature is high, and the heating device is heated when the battery temperature is low, thereby speeding up the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger while adjusting the battery temperature. Is possible.
On the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger, a heating on / off valve that is opened during heating operation is provided, and on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger, a cooling on / off valve that is opened during cooling operation is provided. In this case, as described in the second aspect of the present invention, if the refrigerant that has left the outdoor heat exchanger and reaches the on-off valve is allowed to flow to the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger, the above modes are executed. In this case, the refrigerant flow to the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger can be controlled only by the expansion valve regardless of the operation of the on-off valve for heating and the on-off valve for cooling. This configuration can be simplified, and an increase in unnecessary valve devices can be prevented.

It is a block diagram of the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles of one Embodiment to which this invention is applied. It is a block diagram of the electric circuit of the controller of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. It is a figure explaining the heating / battery cooling mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the 1st battery cooling single mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the 2nd battery cooling single mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the 1st air_conditioning | cooling / battery cooling mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the 2nd air_conditioning | cooling / battery cooling mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the cooling / battery heating mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the heating / battery heating mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the battery heating single mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the heating / battery heat HP utilization mode by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the defrosting / battery cooling / heating mode by the controller of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A vehicle according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied is an electric vehicle (EV) in which an engine (internal combustion engine) is not mounted. The vehicle is provided with a battery 55, and electric power charged in the battery 55 is used for traveling. The vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the present invention is driven by the electric power of the battery 55. The vehicle air conditioner 1 of the present invention is also driven by being supplied to an electric motor (not shown).
That is, the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment performs heating operation by heat pump operation using the refrigerant circuit R in an electric vehicle that cannot be heated by engine waste heat, and further performs dehumidification heating operation, internal cycle operation, and dehumidification cooling. Air conditioning of the passenger compartment is performed by selectively executing each air conditioning operation of the operation and the cooling operation.
The present invention is effective not only for electric vehicles but also for so-called hybrid vehicles that use an engine and an electric motor for traveling, and is also applicable to ordinary vehicles that run on an engine. Needless to say.
The vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment performs air conditioning (heating, cooling, dehumidification, and ventilation) in a vehicle interior of an electric vehicle, and includes an electric compressor 2 that compresses refrigerant and vehicle interior air. Is provided in the air flow passage 3 of the HVAC unit 10 through which air is circulated, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows in through the refrigerant pipe 13G, and dissipates the refrigerant into the vehicle compartment. And an outdoor expansion valve 6 composed of an electric valve that decompresses and expands the refrigerant during heating, and an outdoor heat exchange that functions as a radiator during cooling and performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air so as to function as an evaporator during heating. And an indoor expansion valve 8 composed of an electric valve (or a mechanical expansion valve) that decompresses and expands the refrigerant, and heat absorption that is provided in the air flow passage 3 and absorbs heat from outside and inside the vehicle compartment during cooling and dehumidification. Device 9 and accumulator 2 and the like are sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe 13, the refrigerant circuit R is formed.
The outdoor heat exchanger 7 is provided with an outdoor blower 15. The outdoor blower 15 exchanges heat between the outside air and the refrigerant by forcibly passing outside air through the outdoor heat exchanger 7, so that the outdoor air blower 15 can also be used outdoors even when the vehicle is stopped (that is, the vehicle speed is 0 km / h). It is comprised so that external air may be ventilated by the heat exchanger 7. FIG.
The outdoor heat exchanger 7 has a receiver dryer section 14 and a supercooling section 16 sequentially on the downstream side of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant pipe 13A connected to the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is an open / close valve that is opened during cooling. Is connected to the receiver dryer section 14 through an electromagnetic valve 17, and the outlet of the supercooling section 16 is connected to the indoor expansion valve 8 through a check valve 18. The receiver dryer section 14 and the supercooling section 16 structurally constitute a part of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the check valve 18 has a forward direction on the indoor expansion valve 8 side.
Further, the refrigerant pipe 13B between the check valve 18 and the indoor expansion valve 8 is provided in a heat exchange relationship with the refrigerant pipe 13C located on the outlet side of the heat absorber 9, and constitutes an internal heat exchanger 19 together. . Thus, the refrigerant flowing into the indoor expansion valve 8 through the refrigerant pipe 13B is cooled (supercooled) by the low-temperature refrigerant that has exited the heat absorber 9.
Further, the refrigerant pipe 13A exiting from the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is branched, and this branched refrigerant pipe 13D is downstream of the internal heat exchanger 19 via an electromagnetic valve 21 as an on-off valve that is opened during heating. The refrigerant pipe 13C is connected in communication. The refrigerant pipe 13 C is connected to the accumulator 12, and the accumulator 12 is connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 2.
Furthermore, the refrigerant pipe 13E on the outlet side of the radiator 4 is branched into a refrigerant pipe 13J and a refrigerant pipe 13F before the outdoor expansion valve 6, and one of the branched refrigerant pipes 13J passes through the outdoor expansion valve 6 to heat outside. It is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the exchanger 7. The other branched refrigerant pipe 13F is connected to a refrigerant pipe 13B on the downstream side of the check valve 18 via an electromagnetic valve 22 as an on-off valve that is opened during dehumidification. Thus, the refrigerant pipe 13F is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The outdoor expansion valve 6 is connected in parallel with a solenoid valve 20 as an on-off valve for bypass.
The air flow passage 3 on the air upstream side of the heat absorber 9 is formed with each of an outside air inlet and an inside air inlet (represented by the inlet 25 in FIG. 1). 25 is provided with a suction switching damper 26 for switching the air introduced into the air flow passage 3 between the inside air (inside air circulation) which is air inside the vehicle compartment and the outside air (outside air introduction) which is outside the vehicle compartment. Furthermore, an indoor blower (blower fan) 27 for supplying the introduced inside air or outside air to the air flow passage 3 is provided on the air downstream side of the suction switching damper 26.
Moreover, in FIG. 1, 23 is an auxiliary heater as an auxiliary heating device provided in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment. The auxiliary heater 23 is composed of a PTC heater (electric heater) in the embodiment, and is provided in the air flow passage 3 on the air downstream side of the radiator 4 with respect to the air flow in the air flow passage 3. Yes. When the auxiliary heater 23 is energized and generates heat, this becomes a so-called heater core, which complements the heating in the passenger compartment.
Further, the air (inside air and outside air) in the air flow passage 3 after flowing into the air flow passage 3 and passing through the heat absorber 9 is radiated into the air flow passage 3 on the air upstream side of the radiator 4. An air mix damper 28 that adjusts the rate of ventilation through the vessel 4 is provided. Further, in the air flow passage 3 on the air downstream side of the auxiliary heater 23, FOOT (foot), VENT (def), and DEF (def) outlets (represented by the outlet 29 as representative in FIG. 1) are formed. The air outlet 29 is provided with an air outlet switching damper 31 that performs switching control of air blowing from the air outlets.
Furthermore, the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the present invention includes a battery temperature adjusting device 61 that adjusts the temperature of the battery 55. The battery temperature adjusting device 61 is composed of a circulation pump 62 as a circulation device for circulating a heat medium through the battery 55 and adjusting the temperature thereof, and a three-way valve 63 (two solenoid valves) as a flow path switching device. And a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, a heat medium heater 66 as a heating device, and an air-heat medium heat exchanger 67, which are provided by

heat medium pipes

68, 69, 71. It is connected.
In this embodiment, the inlet of the three-way valve 63 is connected to the discharge side of the circulation pump 62, and the inlet of the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is connected to one outlet of the three-way valve 63. The heat medium heater 66 is connected to the outlet of the heat medium flow path 64A, the inlet of the battery 55 is connected to the outlet of the heat medium heater 66, and the outlet of the battery 55 is connected to the suction side of the circulation pump 62. Yes.
One end of the heat medium pipe 69 is connected to the other outlet of the three-way valve 63, and the other end of the heat medium pipe 69 is connected to the inlet of the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67. One end of a heat medium pipe 71 is connected to the outlet of the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67, and the other end of the heat medium pipe 71 is between one outlet of the three-way valve 63 and the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. Connected to the heat medium pipe 68.
As the heat medium used in the battery temperature adjusting device 61, for example, water, a refrigerant such as HFO-1234f, a coolant, or the like is employed. Further, the heat medium heater 66 is composed of an electric heater such as a PCT heater, and the connection position is not limited to this embodiment, and as shown by a broken line in FIG. It may be between the heat medium heat exchangers 64. Furthermore, it is assumed that a jacket structure is provided around the battery 55 so that the heat medium can circulate with the battery 55 in a heat exchange relationship. And in this invention, the air-heat-medium heat exchanger 67 is arrange | positioned in the leeward side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 with respect to the flow (air path) of the external air (air) ventilated with the outdoor air blower 15.
When the circulation pump 62 is operated in a state where one outlet of the three-way valve 63 is opened, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 passes through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. It flows into the flow path 64A. The heat medium that has exited the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 then reaches the heat medium heater 66. If the heat medium heater 66 generates heat, it is heated there. To the battery 55. The heat medium exchanges heat therewith with the battery 55 and is then circulated through the heat medium pipe 68 by being sucked into the circulation pump 62.
When the heat medium heater 66 is provided at the position of the broken line in FIG. 1, the heat medium heater 66 enters the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 via the heat medium heater 66. Therefore, when the heat medium heater 66 generates heat, the heat medium is heated by the heat medium heater 66 before entering the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.
When the other outlet of the three-way valve 63 is opened, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 enters the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 through the heat medium pipe 69 from the three-way valve 63, where outdoor heat exchange is performed. Heat exchange with outside air after passing through the vessel 7. The heat medium exiting the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 passes through the heat medium pipe 71 to the heat medium pipe 68 on the inlet side of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and passes there through the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger. 64 heat medium flow paths 64A. Thereafter, as described above, the circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 through the heat medium heater 66 and the battery 55 is repeated.
On the other hand, one end of a branch pipe 72 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13A on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 of the refrigerant circuit R before the electromagnetic valve 17 and the electromagnetic valve 21 are reached. The other end is connected to the inlet of an auxiliary expansion valve 73 as an expansion valve according to the present invention, which is an electric valve. The auxiliary expansion valve 73 expands the refrigerant under reduced pressure and can be fully closed. The outlet of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is connected to the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and one end of the refrigerant pipe 74 is connected to the outlet of the refrigerant flow path 64B. The end is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13 C in front of the accumulator 12 (the refrigerant upstream side). The auxiliary expansion valve 73 and the like also constitute a part of the battery temperature adjusting device 61.
When the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is open, the refrigerant (a part or all of the refrigerant) exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73 and then flows through the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. It flows into the path 64B and evaporates there. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path 64A in the process of flowing through the refrigerant flow path 64B, and then is sucked into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 12.
Next, in FIG. 2, 32 is a controller (ECU) which is a control device. The controller 32 includes a microcomputer as an example of a computer having a processor, and inputs include an outside air temperature sensor 33 that detects the outside air temperature (Tam) of the vehicle and an outside air humidity sensor that detects the outside air humidity. 34, an HVAC suction temperature sensor 36 for detecting the temperature of the air sucked into the air flow passage 3 from the suction port 25, an inside air temperature sensor 37 for detecting the temperature of the air (inside air) in the passenger compartment, and the air in the passenger compartment Inside air humidity sensor 38 that detects humidity and indoor CO that detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the passenger compartment ₂ A concentration sensor 39, a blowout temperature sensor 41 for detecting the temperature of air blown into the vehicle interior from the blowout port 29, a discharge pressure sensor 42 for detecting a discharge refrigerant pressure (discharge pressure Pd) of the compressor 2, and a compressor 2, a discharge temperature sensor 43 that detects the discharge refrigerant temperature 2, a suction temperature sensor 44 that detects the suction refrigerant temperature of the compressor 2, and the temperature of the radiator 4 (the temperature of the air passing through the radiator 4 or the radiator 4 Radiator temperature sensor 46 for detecting the temperature of itself: radiator temperature TCI) and refrigerant pressure of radiator 4 (pressure of refrigerant in radiator 4 or immediately after radiator 4 is released: radiator pressure PCI) A heat sink pressure sensor 47 for detecting heat, a heat absorber temperature sensor 48 for detecting the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (the temperature of air passing through the heat absorber 9 or the temperature of the heat absorber 9 itself: the heat absorber temperature Te), and the heat absorption Pressure of the refrigerant in the heat sink 9 ( , A heat absorber pressure sensor 49 that detects the pressure of the refrigerant immediately after exiting the heat absorber 9, a photosensor-type solar radiation sensor 51 for detecting the amount of solar radiation into the vehicle interior, and the vehicle moving speed (vehicle speed). ) For detecting a vehicle speed sensor 52, an air conditioning (air conditioner) operation unit 53 for setting a set temperature and switching of the air conditioning operation, and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (immediately after coming out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7) The temperature of the refrigerant or the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 itself: the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO When the outdoor heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator, the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 54 that detects the evaporation temperature) and the refrigerant pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (the pressure of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 or immediately after exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7). Detecting outdoor heat exchanger pressure sensor 56 Each output is connected.
Further, the input of the controller 32 further includes an auxiliary heater temperature sensor 50 that detects the temperature of the auxiliary heater 23 (the temperature of the air that has passed through the auxiliary heater 23 or the temperature of the auxiliary heater 23 itself: the auxiliary heater temperature TSH), and a battery. 55 (the temperature of the battery 55 itself or the temperature of the heat medium exiting the battery 55) and the temperature of the heat medium heater 66 (the temperature of the heat medium heater 66 itself, the heat medium) A heat medium heater temperature sensor 77 that detects the temperature of the heat medium that has exited the heater 66, and a first outlet that detects the temperature of the heat medium that has exited the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. The outputs of the temperature sensor 78 and the second outlet temperature sensor 79 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant that has exited the refrigerant flow path 64B are also connected.
On the other hand, the output of the controller 32 includes the compressor 2, the outdoor blower 15, the indoor blower (blower fan) 27, the suction switching damper 26, the air mix damper 28, the outlet switching damper 31, and the outdoor expansion. Solenoid valve 22 (dehumidification), solenoid valve 17 (cooling), solenoid valve 21 (heating), solenoid valve 20 (bypass) solenoid valves, auxiliary heater 23, circulation pump 62, A heat medium heater 66 and an auxiliary expansion valve 73 are connected. And the controller 32 controls these based on the output of each sensor and the setting input in the air-conditioning operation part 53. FIG.
Next, the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 having the above-described configuration will be described. In the embodiment, the controller 32 switches between the air-conditioning operation of the heating operation, the dehumidifying heating operation, the internal cycle operation, the dehumidifying and cooling operation, and the cooling operation, and adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 within a predetermined appropriate temperature range. To do. First, each air conditioning operation of the refrigerant circuit R will be described.
(1) Heating operation
When the heating operation is selected by the controller 32 (auto mode) or by the manual operation (manual mode) to the air conditioning operation unit 53, the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 21 (for heating) and the electromagnetic valve 17 (cooling). Close). Further, the solenoid valve 22 (for dehumidification) and the solenoid valve 20 (for bypass) are closed.
Then, the compressor 2 and the

blowers

15 and 27 are operated, and the air mix damper 28 is in a state of adjusting the ratio of the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 to the heat radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow passage 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air flow passage 3 is a high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4 (when the auxiliary heater 23 operates, the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23). On the other hand, the refrigerant in the radiator 4 is deprived of heat by the air and cooled to be condensed and liquefied.
The refrigerant liquefied in the radiator 4 exits the radiator 4 and then reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the

refrigerant pipes

13E and 13J. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor expansion valve 6 is decompressed there and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates, and pumps up heat from the outside air that is ventilated by traveling or by the outdoor blower 15 (heat absorption). That is, the refrigerant circuit R becomes a heat pump. Then, the low-temperature refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the accumulator 12 from the refrigerant pipe 13C through the refrigerant pipe 13A, the electromagnetic valve 21 and the refrigerant pipe 13D, and is separated into gas and liquid there. The circulation sucked in is repeated (for example, indicated by a solid arrow in FIG. 3). Since the air heated by the radiator 4 is blown out from the outlet 29 through the auxiliary heater 23, the vehicle interior is thereby heated.
The controller 32 calculates a target radiator pressure PCO (target value of the pressure PCI of the radiator 4) from a target radiator temperature TCO (target value of the temperature TCI of the radiator 4) calculated from a target outlet temperature TAO described later. The number of revolutions of the compressor 2 is controlled based on the target radiator pressure PCO and the refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4 (radiator pressure PCI. High pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47, Based on the temperature of the radiator 4 (the radiator temperature TCI) detected by the radiator temperature sensor 46 and the radiator pressure PCI detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47, the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled. Controlling the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant at the outlet. The target radiator temperature TCO is basically set to TCO = TAO, but a predetermined restriction on control is provided.
Further, when the controller 32 determines that the heating capacity of the radiator 4 is insufficient in this heating operation, the controller 32 performs heating by the auxiliary heater 23 by energizing the auxiliary heater 23 to generate heat. When the auxiliary heater 23 generates heat, the air that has passed through the radiator 4 in the air flow passage 3 is further heated by the auxiliary heater 23. As a result, the heating capacity that the radiator 4 can generate is insufficient for the required heating capacity (calculated from the difference between the target radiator temperature TCO and the heat absorber temperature Te obtained from the target outlet temperature TAO described later). In this case, the auxiliary heater 23 supplements the insufficient heating capacity.
(2) Dehumidifying heating operation
Next, in the dehumidifying heating operation, the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 22 in the heating operation state. As a result, a part of the condensed refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13E via the radiator 4 is divided, and this part flows into the refrigerant pipe 13F via the electromagnetic valve 22, and passes through the internal heat exchanger 19 from the refrigerant pipe 13B to the room. It flows to the expansion valve 8 and the rest flows to the outdoor expansion valve 6. That is, a part of the divided refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8 and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate.
The controller 32 controls the opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 so that the degree of superheat (SH) of the refrigerant at the outlet of the heat absorber 9 is maintained at a predetermined value. Since moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, the air is cooled and dehumidified. The remaining refrigerant that is divided and flows into the refrigerant pipe 13J is depressurized by the outdoor expansion valve 6 and then evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger 7.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 merges with the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 13D (refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 7) in the refrigerant pipe 13C through the internal heat exchanger 19 and then into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 12. Repeated circulation. The air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4 (when the auxiliary heater 23 generates heat, the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23). It will be.
The controller 32 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 2 based on the target radiator pressure PCO calculated from the target radiator temperature TCO and the radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47. At the same time, the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48.
(3) Internal cycle operation
Next, in the internal cycle operation, the controller 32 fully closes the outdoor expansion valve 6 (fully closed position) and closes the electromagnetic valve 21 in the dehumidifying and heating operation state. That is, since this internal cycle operation is a state in which the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully closed by the control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the dehumidifying and heating operation, this internal cycle operation can also be regarded as a part of the dehumidifying and heating operation.
However, since the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the electromagnetic valve 21 are closed, the inflow of refrigerant to the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the outflow of refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 7 are prevented. 4, the condensed refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13E flows through the electromagnetic valve 22 to the refrigerant pipe 13F. And the refrigerant | coolant which flows through the refrigerant | coolant piping 13F reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 through the internal heat exchanger 19 from the refrigerant | coolant piping 13B. After the refrigerant is depressurized by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Since the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorption action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, the air is cooled and dehumidified.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13C through the internal heat exchanger 19 and repeats circulation sucked into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 12. Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidifying heating in the passenger compartment is thereby performed. Since the refrigerant is circulated between the radiator 4 (radiation) and the heat absorber 9 (heat absorption) in the passage 3, heat from the outside air is not pumped up, and heating for the consumed power of the compressor 2 is performed. Ability is demonstrated. Since the entire amount of the refrigerant flows through the heat absorber 9 that exhibits the dehumidifying action, the dehumidifying capacity is higher than the dehumidifying and heating operation, but the heating capacity is lowered.
The controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the above-described radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R). At this time, the controller 32 controls the compressor 2 by selecting the lower one of the compressor target rotational speeds obtained from either calculation, depending on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the radiator pressure PCI.
(4) Dehumidifying and cooling operation
Next, in the dehumidifying and cooling operation, the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 17 and closes the electromagnetic valve 21. Further, the electromagnetic valve 22 and the electromagnetic valve 20 are closed. And the compressor 2 and each

air blower

15 and 27 are drive | operated, and the air mix damper 28 sets it as the state which adjusts the ratio by which the air blown out from the indoor air blower 27 is ventilated by the heat radiator 4. FIG. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow passage 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air flow passage 3 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4, while the refrigerant in the radiator 4 heats the air. It is deprived and cooled, and condensates.
The refrigerant that has exited the radiator 4 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipe 13E, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 through the outdoor expansion valve 6 that is controlled to open. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is cooled and condensed by running there or by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower 15. The refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 sequentially flows from the refrigerant pipe 13 A through the electromagnetic valve 17 into the receiver dryer unit 14 and the supercooling unit 16. Here, the refrigerant is supercooled.
The refrigerant that has exited the supercooling section 16 of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13 B through the check valve 18, and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 through the internal heat exchanger 19. After the refrigerant is depressurized by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Since the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorption action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, the air is cooled and dehumidified.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 reaches the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13C through the internal heat exchanger 19, and repeats circulation that is sucked into the compressor 2 there through. The air cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated (having a lower heat dissipation capacity than that during heating) in the process of passing through the radiator 4, thereby dehumidifying and cooling the vehicle interior. .
The controller 32 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48, and also uses the outdoor expansion valve based on the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R described above. 6 is controlled to control the refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4 (radiator pressure PCI).
(5) Cooling operation
Next, in the cooling operation, the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 20 in the dehumidifying and cooling operation state (the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is free). Note that the air mix damper 28 is in a state of adjusting the ratio of air passing through the radiator 4. The auxiliary heater 23 is not energized.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Although the air in the air flow passage 3 is ventilated to the radiator 4, the ratio is small (because of only reheating during cooling), so this almost passes through, and the refrigerant exiting the radiator 4 is The refrigerant reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipe 13E. At this time, since the solenoid valve 20 is opened, the refrigerant passes through the refrigerant pipe 13J through the solenoid valve 20 and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as it is, and is then circulated by the outdoor air blower 15 by running or by the outdoor blower 15. It is cooled by air and condensed into liquid. The refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 sequentially flows from the refrigerant pipe 13 A through the electromagnetic valve 17 into the receiver dryer unit 14 and the supercooling unit 16. Here, the refrigerant is supercooled.
The refrigerant that has exited the supercooling section 16 of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13 B through the check valve 18, and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 through the internal heat exchanger 19. After the refrigerant is depressurized by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Since the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorption action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, the air is cooled.
The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 passes through the internal heat exchanger 19 and reaches the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, and repeats circulation sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe (for example, indicated by a solid arrow in FIG. 6). The air that has been cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is blown into the vehicle interior from the outlet 29 without passing through the radiator 4, thereby cooling the vehicle interior. In this cooling operation, the controller 32 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48.
(6) Switching air conditioning operation
The controller 32 calculates the target blowing temperature TAO described above from the following formula (I). This target blowing temperature TAO is a target value of the temperature of the air blown out from the blowout port 29 into the vehicle interior.
TAO = (Tset−Tin) × K + Tbal (f (Tset, SUN, Tam))
.. (I)
Here, Tset is the set temperature in the passenger compartment set by the air conditioning operation unit 53, Tin is the temperature of the passenger compartment air detected by the inside air temperature sensor 37, K is a coefficient, Tbal is the set temperature Tset, and the solar radiation sensor 51 detects This is a balance value calculated from the amount of solar radiation SUN to be performed and the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33. And generally this target blowing temperature TAO is so high that the outside temperature Tam is low, and it falls as the outside temperature Tam rises.
The controller 32 selects one of the above air conditioning operations based on the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33 and the target outlet temperature TAO at the time of activation. In addition, after the activation, the air conditioning operations are selected and switched in accordance with changes in the environment and setting conditions such as the outside air temperature Tam and the target blowing temperature TAO.
(7) Temperature adjustment of battery 55
Next, the temperature adjustment control of the battery 55 by the controller 32 will be described with reference to FIGS. As described above, the charging / discharging performance of the battery 55 is lowered under a low temperature environment, and the deterioration proceeds when charging / discharging is performed under a high temperature environment. Therefore, the controller 32 of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the present invention adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 within the appropriate temperature range by the battery temperature adjusting device 61 while performing the air conditioning operation as described above. Since the appropriate temperature range of the battery 55 is generally + 25 ° C. or higher and + 45 ° C. or lower, in the embodiment, a predetermined lower limit temperature BTL and upper limit temperature BTH are set within the appropriate temperature range.
(7-1) Heating / battery cooling mode
If the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 rises to the upper limit temperature BTH due to the self-heating during the heating operation described above, the controller 32 executes the heating / battery cooling mode (FIG. 3). In this heating / battery cooling mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens the other outlet of the three-way valve 63. Further, the heat medium heater 66 is not energized, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed.
As a result, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 69 as shown by broken line arrows in FIG. Exchange heat with the outside air. Since the refrigerant evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and absorbs heat from the outside air, the low temperature outside air and the heat medium exchange heat. In the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67, the heat medium is outside the outdoor heat exchanger 67. The heat exchanger 7 is cooled by outside air after heat exchange.
The low-temperature heat medium cooled in the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the heat medium pipe 71. At this time, since the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed, the heat medium leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and reaches the heat medium heater 66 as it is. Since the heat medium heater 66 is not energized and does not generate heat, the low-temperature heat medium leaves the heat medium heater 66 as it is, reaches the battery 55, cools the battery 55, and then is circulated by the circulation pump 62. repeat.
The controller 32 adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 to a temperature equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by controlling the operation of the circulation pump 62 based on the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76, for example. In this case, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 is lowered to a temperature lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by a predetermined hysteresis, the controller 32 stops the circulation pump 62 and ends the heating / battery cooling mode.
As described above, in the present invention, the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 is arranged on the leeward side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 so that the heat medium is circulated to the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 by the three-way valve 63. It becomes possible to exchange heat between the outside air that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the heat medium circulated in the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67.
Accordingly, when the temperature of the battery 55 rises to the upper limit temperature BTH when the compressor 32 is performing the heating operation as shown in FIG. 3, the heat medium is transferred to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the three-way valve 63. The heat medium is cooled by the outside air after exchanging heat with the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by being circulated to 67, and the heating / battery cooling mode is performed in which the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium. The heat medium is cooled by the outside air that has absorbed heat and the temperature is lowered, and the battery 55 can be cooled by the heat medium, and the temperature is adjusted so that the battery 55 does not become higher than necessary due to self-heating. It becomes possible to do.
(7-2) First battery cooling single mode
On the other hand, for example, the vehicle is stopped in an environment where the outside air temperature Tam is low, and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO which is the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 detected by the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 54 is low (at least lower than the upper limit temperature BTH). When the temperature of the battery 55 rises to the upper limit temperature BTH due to self-heating or the like when the battery 55 is being charged under the circumstances, the controller 32 executes the first battery cooling single mode (FIG. 4). In this first battery cooling single mode, there is no passenger in the passenger compartment and air conditioning is not required, so the compressor 2 is stopped. However, the controller 32 operates the outdoor blower 15. In addition, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens the other outlet of the three-way valve 63 so that the heat medium heater 66 is not energized (the compressor 2 is stopped, so the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is free. is there).
As a result, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 69 as shown by broken line arrows in FIG. Exchange heat with the outside air. At this time, since the outside air temperature Tam and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO are low, the temperature of the outside air that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is also low, and the heat medium exchanges heat with this low temperature outside air in the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67. And cooled.
The low-temperature heat medium cooled in the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the heat medium pipe 71. At this time, since the refrigerant does not flow through the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, the heat medium leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 as it is and reaches the heat medium heater 66. Since the heat medium heater 66 is not energized and does not generate heat, the low-temperature heat medium leaves the heat medium heater 66 as it is, reaches the battery 55, cools the battery 55, and then is circulated by the circulation pump 62. repeat.
Also in this case, the controller 32 adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 to a temperature equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by controlling the operation of the circulation pump 62 based on the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76, for example. Also in this case, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 is lowered to a temperature lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by a predetermined hysteresis, the controller 32 stops the circulation pump 62 and the outdoor blower 15 and ends the first battery cooling single mode.
Thus, for example, when the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is low when the vehicle 55 is stopped in an environment where the outdoor temperature Tam is low and the battery 55 is being charged, the outdoor blower with the compressor 2 stopped by the controller 32 15, the heat medium is circulated to the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 by the three-way valve 63 to cool the heat medium by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower 15, and the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium. By executing the first battery cooling single mode, the heat medium can be cooled by the outside air that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 having a low temperature, the battery 55 can be cooled, and the compressor 2 is stopped. Even in this state, the temperature of the battery 55 can be adjusted so that it does not become higher than necessary.
(7-3) Second battery cooling single mode
For example, when the outside air temperature Tam rises and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO becomes high while the first battery cooling single mode is executed, or the vehicle is stopped in an environment where the outside air temperature Tam is high. When the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is high, for example, when the battery 55 is being charged, the controller 32 executes the second battery cooling single mode (FIG. 5). Even in the second battery cooling single mode, there is no passenger in the vehicle interior, so there is no need to air-condition the vehicle interior, but the controller 32 operates the compressor 2 and also operates the outdoor blower 15. Further, the electromagnetic valve 20 is opened, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is also opened to decompress the refrigerant.
Furthermore, the controller 32 closes the solenoid valve 17, the solenoid valve 21, and the solenoid valve 22, and also stops the indoor blower 26. Further, the air mix damper 28 is not vented to the radiator 4. The controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens one outlet of the three-way valve 63 so that the heat medium heater 66 is not energized.
Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air is not ventilated through the radiator 4, only the refrigerant passes through, and the refrigerant exiting the radiator 4 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipe 13 E. At this time, since the solenoid valve 20 is opened, the refrigerant passes through the refrigerant pipe 13J through the solenoid valve 20, flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as it is, is cooled by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower 15, and is condensed and liquefied. To do. In the case where frost has grown on the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is defrosted by the heat dissipation action at this time.
The refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13A. At this time, since the solenoid valve 17 and the solenoid valve 21 are closed, all the refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is supplemented via the branch pipe 72. It reaches the expansion valve 73. The refrigerant is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73 and then flows into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 to evaporate. At this time, an endothermic effect is exhibited. The refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B repeatedly circulates through the refrigerant pipe 74, the refrigerant pipe 13C, and the accumulator 12 and then sucked into the compressor 2 (indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 5).
On the other hand, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 passes through the three-way valve 63 to reach the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the heat medium pipe 68, where the refrigerant evaporates in the refrigerant flow path 64B. The heat medium is absorbed, and the heat medium is cooled. The heat medium cooled by the heat absorption action of the refrigerant leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and reaches the heat medium heater 66. Since the heat medium heater 66 is not energized and does not generate heat, the low-temperature heat medium leaves the heat medium heater 66 as it is, reaches the battery 55, cools the battery 55, and then is circulated by the circulation pump 62. repeat.
For example, the controller 32 controls the operation of the circulation pump 62 based on the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76. Further, for example, the operation (number of rotations) of the compressor 2 is controlled based on the temperature of the heat medium that has exited the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 detected by the first outlet temperature sensor 78, and the second outlet temperature sensor 79. By controlling the opening degree of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 on the basis of the temperature of the refrigerant that has exited the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 detected by the refrigerant and adjusting the degree of superheat of the refrigerant in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. Then, the temperature of the battery 55 is adjusted to a temperature equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature BTH. Also in this case, the controller 32 stops the circulation pump 62, the compressor 2 and the outdoor blower 15 when the temperature of the battery 55 is lowered to a temperature lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by a predetermined hysteresis, for example, and the second battery cooling single mode. Exit.
As described above, when the outdoor air temperature Tam rises and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO becomes high, or when the vehicle 55 is stopped in an environment where the outdoor air temperature Tam is high and the battery 55 is being charged, the outdoor heat exchanger is When the temperature TXO is high, the controller 32 is operated by the controller 32 so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is radiated by the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the heat medium is air-heat medium by the three-way valve 63. Without circulating through the heat exchanger 67, all the refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and then flows into the refrigerant flow path 64 B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. The heat medium is cooled by absorbing heat from the heat medium flowing through the flow path 64A, and the second battery cooling single mode is performed in which the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium. Cooled, it is possible to cool the battery 55 by the cooled heat medium. Thereby, even when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is high, the heat medium is cooled by the refrigerant, and the temperature can be adjusted so that the battery 55 does not become unnecessarily high.
(7-4) First cooling / battery cooling mode
Next, when performing the above-described cooling operation, the battery temperature sensor 76 detects in an environment where the outside air temperature Tam is relatively low and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is also low (lower than the temperature of the battery 55). When the temperature of the battery 55 rises to the upper limit temperature BTH, the controller 32 executes the first cooling / battery cooling mode (FIG. 6). In the first cooling / battery cooling mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens the other outlet of the three-way valve 63. In addition, the heat medium heater 66 is not energized, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed or opened in a state where the refrigerant is depressurized.
As a result, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 69 as shown by the broken line arrows in FIG. Exchange heat with the outside air. At this time, since the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is low, the outdoor air having a low temperature passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the heat medium exchange heat, and the heat medium is exchanged by the outside air in the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67. To be cooled.
The low-temperature heat medium cooled in the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the heat medium pipe 71. At this time, when the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed, the heat medium leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 as it is and reaches the heat medium heater 66. Since the heat medium heater 66 is not energized and does not generate heat, the low-temperature heat medium leaves the heat medium heater 66 as it is, reaches the battery 55, cools the battery 55, and then is circulated by the circulation pump 62. repeat.
For example, the controller 32 controls the operation of the circulation pump 62 based on the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76. In this case, when the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 does not drop only by cooling with the outside air, the controller 32 opens the auxiliary expansion valve 73 and branches a part of the refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 to the branch pipe 72. Then, after the pressure is reduced, the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates to absorb heat from the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path 64A.
Thereby, the temperature of the battery 55 is adjusted to a temperature equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by cooling the heat medium with the refrigerant in addition to the cooling with the outside air. For example, the controller 32 controls the valve opening degree of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 based on the temperature of the heat medium that has exited the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 detected by the first outlet temperature sensor 78, thereby dividing the branch pipe 72. The flow rate is controlled to adjust the cooling effect of the heat medium by the refrigerant. Also in this case, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 is lowered to a temperature lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by a predetermined hysteresis, the controller 32 stops the circulation pump 62, fully closes the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and the first cooling / battery. Exit cooling mode.
As described above, even when the cooling operation is being performed, if the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is low, the controller 32 causes the three-way valve 63 to circulate the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67. By performing the first cooling / battery cooling mode in which the heat medium is cooled by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower 15 and the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium, the outside air passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 having a low temperature. The heat medium is cooled, and the battery 55 can be cooled by the cooled heat medium. When the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is low even during the cooling operation, the heat medium is cooled by the outside air. The temperature can be adjusted so as not to be higher than necessary.
(7-5) Second cooling / battery cooling mode
In the state where the first cooling / battery cooling mode is being executed, for example, the outside air temperature Tam rises and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO becomes high, or the cooling operation is performed in an environment where the outside air temperature Tam is high. When the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is high, the second cooling / battery cooling mode is executed (FIG. 7). In the second cooling / battery cooling mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens one outlet of the three-way valve 63. In addition, the heat medium heater 66 is not energized, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is opened to depressurize the refrigerant.
As a result, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 68 as indicated by broken line arrows in FIG. 7. At this time, since the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is opened, a part of the refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is diverted to the branch pipe 72 and decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and then the refrigerant of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. Since the refrigerant flows into the flow path 64B and evaporates, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path 64A.
Thus, the heat medium cooled by the refrigerant leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and reaches the heat medium heater 66. Since the heat medium heater 66 is not energized and does not generate heat, the low-temperature heat medium leaves the heat medium heater 66 as it is, reaches the battery 55, cools the battery 55, and then is circulated by the circulation pump 62. repeat. The refrigerant that has exited the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 enters the refrigerant pipe 13C via the refrigerant pipe 74, merges with the refrigerant from the heat absorber 9, enters the accumulator 12, exits from the accumulator 12, and enters the compressor 2. Repeated circulation. Thus, the temperature of the battery 55 is adjusted to a temperature equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by cooling the heat medium with the refrigerant.
For example, the controller 32 controls the operation of the circulation pump 62 based on the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76. Further, the controller 32 controls the valve opening degree of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 based on the temperature of the heat medium exiting the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 detected by the first outlet temperature sensor 78, for example, to the branch pipe 72. Is controlled to adjust the cooling effect of the heat medium by the refrigerant. Also in this case, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 is lowered to a temperature lower than the upper limit temperature BTH by a predetermined hysteresis, the controller 32 stops the circulation pump 62 and fully closes the auxiliary expansion valve 73 to make the second cooling / battery. Exit cooling mode.
As described above, for example, when the outdoor air temperature Tam rises and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO becomes high while the first cooling / battery cooling mode is being executed, or in an environment where the outdoor air temperature Tam is high, the cooling is performed. When the operation is performed and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is high, the controller 32 leaves the outdoor heat exchanger 7 without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 by the three-way valve 63. A part of the refrigerant is depressurized by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and then flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger, and the heat medium is cooled by absorbing heat from the heat medium, and the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium. By executing the cooling / battery cooling mode, the heat medium is cooled by the endothermic action of a part of the refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the battery 55 is cooled by the cooled heat medium. Kill as to become. Thus, even when the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is high, the heat medium is cooled by the refrigerant while the cooling operation in the passenger compartment is performed, and the temperature is adjusted so that the battery 55 does not become unnecessarily high. Is possible.
(7-6) Cooling / battery heating mode
Next, if the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 decreases to the lower limit temperature BTL during the above-described cooling operation, the controller 32 performs cooling / battery heating as one of the battery heating modes. The mode is executed (FIG. 8). In this cooling / battery heating mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens one outlet of the three-way valve 63. Further, the heat medium heater 66 is energized, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed.
As a result, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 68 as indicated by broken line arrows in FIG. 8. At this time, since the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed, the heat medium leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and reaches the heat medium heater 66 as it is. In this cooling / battery heating mode, the heat medium heater 66 is energized to generate heat, so that the heat medium heated to a high temperature exits the heat medium heater 66 and reaches the battery 55 to heat the battery 55. Thereafter, the circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated.
The controller 32 adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 to a temperature equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature BTL by heating the heat medium with the heat medium heater 66. In this case, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 rises to a temperature higher than the lower limit temperature BTL by a predetermined hysteresis, the controller 32 deenergizes the heat medium heater 66 and stops the circulation pump 62. Then, the cooling / battery heating mode ends.
Thus, when the temperature of the battery 55 decreases to the lower limit temperature BTL while the vehicle interior is being cooled, the controller 32 does not circulate the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 by the three-way valve 63, Cooling / battery heating mode in which the auxiliary expansion valve 73 prevents the refrigerant from flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and the heat medium is heated by the heat medium heater 66 to heat the battery 55 with the heat medium. By performing the above, the heat medium can be heated by the heat medium heater 66 even when the vehicle interior is being cooled, and the battery 55 can be heated by the heated heat medium. The temperature can be adjusted so that the temperature does not become low.
(7-7) Heating / battery heating mode
Next, when the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 is lowered to the lower limit temperature BTL during the above-described heating operation, the controller 32 performs heating as one of the other battery heating modes. / Battery heating mode is executed (FIG. 9). Even in this heating / battery heating mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens one outlet of the three-way valve 63. Further, the heat medium heater 66 is energized, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed.
As a result, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 68, as indicated by broken line arrows in FIG. 9. At this time, since the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is fully closed, the heat medium leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and reaches the heat medium heater 66 as it is. In this heating / battery heating mode, the heat medium heater 66 is energized and generates heat, so that the heat medium heated to a high temperature exits the heat medium heater 66 and reaches the battery 55 to heat the battery 55. Thereafter, the circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated.
The controller 32 adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 to a temperature equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature BTL by heating the heat medium with the heat medium heater 66. Also in this case, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 rises to a temperature higher than the lower limit temperature BTL by a predetermined hysteresis, the controller 32 deenergizes the heat medium heater 66 and turns on the circulation pump 62. Stop and end heating / battery heating mode.
Thus, when the temperature of the battery 55 decreases to the lower limit temperature BTL while heating the vehicle interior, the controller 32 does not circulate the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 by the three-way valve 63, Heating / battery heating mode in which the auxiliary expansion valve 73 prevents the refrigerant from flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and heats the heat medium by the heat medium heater 66 to heat the battery 55 by the heat medium. By executing the above, even when the vehicle interior is heated, the heat medium can be heated by the heat medium heater 66, and the battery 55 can be heated by the heated heat medium. The temperature can be adjusted so that the temperature does not become low.
(7-8) Battery heating single mode
Next, when the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 decreases to the lower limit temperature BTL when the vehicle is stopped and the battery 55 is being charged, the controller 32 further switches to another battery heating mode. The single battery heating mode is executed (FIG. 10). Even in this battery heating single mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens one outlet of the three-way valve 63. Further, the heat medium heater 66 is energized. The compressor 2 and the

blowers

15 and 27 are stopped (the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is free).
As a result, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 68 as indicated by broken line arrows in FIG. 10. At this time, since the refrigerant does not flow through the refrigerant flow path 64B, the heat medium leaves the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 as it is and reaches the heat medium heater 66. In this battery heating only mode, the heat medium heater 66 is energized to generate heat, so that the heat medium heated to a high temperature exits the heat medium heater 66 and reaches the battery 55, after heating the battery 55. The circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated.
The controller 32 adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 to a temperature equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature BTL by heating the heat medium with the heat medium heater 66. Also in this case, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 rises to a temperature higher than the lower limit temperature BTL by a predetermined hysteresis, the controller 32 deenergizes the heat medium heater 66 and turns on the circulation pump 62. Stop and end the battery heating single mode.
As described above, when the temperature of the battery 55 decreases to the lower limit temperature BTL when the vehicle is stopped and the compressor 2 is stopped, the controller 32 causes the three-way valve 63 to transfer the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger. When the vehicle is stopped and not being used by executing the battery heating single mode in which the heating medium is heated by the heating medium heater 66 without being circulated to 67 and the battery 55 is heated by the heating medium. In addition, the heat medium can be heated by the heat medium heater 66, and the battery 55 can be heated by the heated heat medium, and the temperature can be adjusted so that the battery 55 does not become low temperature. It becomes.
(7-9) Heating / battery heat HP usage mode
Next, during the heating operation, for example, frost formation occurs in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the heating capacity of the radiator 4 becomes insufficient, or an environment where the frost formation is likely to occur in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (outside air When the temperature Tam is extremely low), the controller 32 executes the heating / battery heat HP use mode (FIG. 11). In this heating / battery heat HP utilization mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens one outlet of the three-way valve 63. Further, the heat medium heater 66 performs energization control.
On the other hand, the controller 32 sets the outdoor expansion valve 6 to a moderate valve opening (medium opening), and closes the electromagnetic valve 21 (also closes the

electromagnetic valves

17, 22, and 20). Further, the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is opened to depressurize the refrigerant. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow passage 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air flow passage 3 is a high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4 (when the auxiliary heater 23 operates, the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23). On the other hand, the refrigerant in the radiator 4 is deprived of heat by the air and cooled to be condensed and liquefied.
The refrigerant liquefied in the radiator 4 exits the radiator 4 and then reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the

refrigerant pipes

13E and 13J. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor expansion valve 6 is reduced in pressure by the outdoor expansion valve 6 that is opened in the middle, and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates, but the evaporation temperature becomes high. Also in this case, heat is pumped up from the outside air that is ventilated by traveling or by the outdoor blower 15 (heat absorption). Further, since the

solenoid valves

17 and 21 are closed, all the refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the branch pipe 72 from the refrigerant pipe 13A and reaches the auxiliary expansion valve 73.
Since the refrigerant is decompressed there, it flows into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates, thereby exhibiting an endothermic effect. The refrigerant that has exited the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 passes through the refrigerant pipe 74 and enters the accumulator 12 from the refrigerant pipe 13C where it is gas-liquid separated and then repeatedly circulates in which the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2. (Indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 11). Since the air heated by the radiator 4 is blown out from the outlet 29 through the auxiliary heater 23, the vehicle interior is thereby heated.
On the other hand, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 68 as indicated by broken line arrows in FIG. 11. At this time, after heat is absorbed by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path 64B, the heat medium exits the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and reaches the heat medium heater 66.
In the heating / battery heat HP utilization mode, the controller 32 energizes / deenergizes the heat medium heater 66 in a range where the temperature of the battery 55 is not less than the lower limit temperature BTL and not more than the upper limit temperature BTH. That is, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 is higher than the lower limit temperature BTL, the controller 32 deenergizes the heat medium heater 66. Therefore, in this case, the heat medium passes through the heat medium heater 66 as it is to reach the battery 55, and after the heat of the battery 55 is taken away, the circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated. At this time, the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium cooled by the refrigerant in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.
Further, when the temperature of the battery 55 decreases to the lower limit temperature BTL, the controller 32 energizes the heat medium heater 66 to generate heat. Accordingly, in this case, the heat medium is heated by the heat medium heater 66 and then reaches the battery 55. After the battery 55 is heated, the circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated. In this way, the heat medium that takes away the heat of the battery 55 or is heated by the heat medium heater 66 is absorbed by the refrigerant in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and thus the battery 55 and the heat medium heater 66. Heat is transferred to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R, the heating capacity of the radiator 4 is supplemented, it is not necessary to lower the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and frost formation does not proceed easily.
When it is desired to positively convey the heat of the heat medium heater 66 to the refrigerant circuit R, the heat medium heater 66 is provided at a position indicated by a broken line in FIG. 11, and the heat immediately after being heated by the heat medium heater 66 is provided. Control is easier if the medium flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.
Based on the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO, the controller 32 controls the valve openings of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 so as to be equal to the outdoor air temperature Tam. When the condition such as the lack of the heating capacity is satisfied, the circulation pump 62 is stopped, the heat medium heater 66 is turned off, the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is also fully closed, and the heating / battery heat HP is used. Exit mode.
In this way, in the heating operation, the controller 32 reduces the pressure of all the refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by the auxiliary expansion valve 73 without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger 67 by the three-way valve 63. After that, by executing the heating / battery heat HP utilization mode in which the heat of the battery 55 and the heat medium heater 66 is transferred to the refrigerant by flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and absorbing heat from the heat medium, If the heat of the battery 55 and the heat medium heater 66 is transferred to the refrigerant to realize an efficient heating operation, the temperature of the battery 55 can be adjusted so as not to become higher than necessary.
Further, when the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is frosted or an environment where frost formation is likely to occur as in the embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger is operated during the heating operation by executing the heating / battery heat HP utilization mode. 7 is less likely to form frost, or the progress of frost formation can be delayed.
(7-10) Reverse cycle defrost / battery cooling / heating mode
Next, the control at the time of reverse cycle defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by the controller 32 will be described. Since the outdoor heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator during the heating operation as described above, moisture in the outdoor air grows as frost in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the heat exchange efficiency decreases. The controller 32 calculates, for example, the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase at the time of no frosting calculated from the outside air temperature Tam, the rotation speed of the compressor 2, etc., and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase at the time of no frosting and the outdoor heat. The outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO detected by the exchanger temperature sensor 54 is constantly compared. The outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is lower than the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase when there is no frost, and the difference is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. When it becomes, reverse cycle defrosting / battery cooling / heating mode of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is executed (FIG. 12).
In this reverse cycle defrost / battery cooling / heating mode, the controller 32 operates the circulation pump 62 and opens one outlet of the three-way valve 63. Further, the heat medium heater 66 performs energization control. On the other hand, the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 20 (the outdoor expansion valve 6 is free) and closes the

electromagnetic valves

21, 17 and 22. Further, the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is opened to depressurize the refrigerant. Further, the outdoor blower 15 is stopped and the compressor 2 is operated. The air mix damper 28 is not vented to the radiator 4.
As a result, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4, passes through the radiator 4, and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 through the electromagnetic valve 20. The outdoor heat exchanger 7 is defrosted by the high-temperature gas refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The refrigerant dissipates heat and condenses and exits the outdoor heat exchanger 7. At this time, since the

solenoid valves

17 and 21 are closed, all the refrigerant reaches the auxiliary expansion valve 73 from the branch pipe 72.
Since the refrigerant is decompressed there, it flows into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates, thereby exhibiting an endothermic effect. The refrigerant that has exited the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 passes through the refrigerant pipe 74 and enters the accumulator 12 from the refrigerant pipe 13C where it is gas-liquid separated and then repeatedly circulates in which the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2. (Indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 12).
On the other hand, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 enters the heat medium flow path 64 A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the three-way valve 63 and the heat medium pipe 68 as indicated by broken line arrows in FIG. 12. At this time, after heat is absorbed by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path 64B, the heat medium exits the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and reaches the heat medium heater 66.
Even in this reverse cycle defrosting / battery cooling / heating mode, the controller 32 energizes / de-energizes the heat medium heater 66 within a range where the temperature of the battery 55 is not less than the above-described lower limit temperature BTL and not more than the upper limit temperature BTH. That is, for example, when the temperature of the battery 55 is higher than the lower limit temperature BTL, the controller 32 deenergizes the heat medium heater 66. Therefore, in this case, the heat medium passes through the heat medium heater 66 as it is to reach the battery 55, and after the heat of the battery 55 is taken away, the circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated. At this time, the battery 55 is cooled by the heat medium cooled by the refrigerant in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.
Further, when the temperature of the battery 55 decreases to the lower limit temperature BTL, the controller 32 energizes the heat medium heater 66 to generate heat. Accordingly, in this case, the heat medium is heated by the heat medium heater 66 and then reaches the battery 55. After the battery 55 is heated, the circulation sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated. In this way, the heat medium that takes away the heat of the battery 55 or is heated by the heat medium heater 66 is absorbed by the refrigerant in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and thus the battery 55 and the heat medium heater 66. Is transferred to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R, and the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 proceeds quickly.
In this case as well, when it is desired to positively convey the heat of the heat medium heater 66 to the refrigerant circuit R, the heat medium heater 66 is provided at a position indicated by a broken line in FIG. The effect of promoting defrosting is improved when the immediately following heat medium flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.
Based on the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO, the controller 32 stops the compressor 2 and the circulation pump 62 when the temperature rises to the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase when there is no frost formation, and the heat medium heater 66 is also de-energized. The expansion valve 73 is also fully closed, and the defrost / battery cooling / heating mode is terminated.
As described above, when the controller 32 dissipates the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and reverse-cycle defrosts the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the heat medium is air-heated by the three-way valve 63. Without circulating through the medium heat exchanger 67, all the refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and then flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 to absorb heat from the heat medium. By executing the defrosting / battery cooling / heating mode in which the heat of the battery 55 and the heat medium heater 66 is transferred to the refrigerant, the heat of the battery 55 and the heat medium heater 66 is transferred to the refrigerant and the outdoor heat is quickly generated. The exchanger 7 can be defrosted.
In this case, the temperature of the battery 55 is adjusted by not causing the heat medium heater 66 to generate heat when the temperature of the battery 55 is high as in the embodiment, and causing the heat medium heater 66 to generate heat when the temperature of the battery 55 is low. However, the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 can be speeded up.
Here, in the refrigerant circuit R, a heating solenoid valve 21 that is opened during heating operation is provided on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and is opened on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 during cooling operation. When the cooling electromagnetic valve 17 is provided, the refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and reaches the

electromagnetic valves

17 and 21 is caused to flow to the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 as in the above embodiment. By doing so, when each of the above modes is executed, the auxiliary expansion valve 73 alone is used to move to the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 regardless of the operation of the heating solenoid valve 21 or the cooling solenoid valve 17. This makes it possible to control the circulation of the refrigerant, simplify the piping configuration of the refrigerant circuit R, and prevent an increase in unnecessary electromagnetic valves and the like.
(8) Triangular cycle defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7
Note that the defrosting method of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is not limited to the reverse cycle defrosting described above, the compressor 2 is operated, the solenoid valve 21 is opened, the

solenoid valves

17, 20, and 22 are closed, and the outdoor expansion valve. 6 may be a defrosting method called triangular cycle defrosting that operates the compressor 2 as open. In this case, since the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 dissipates heat in the radiator 4, the vehicle interior can be heated. On the other hand, since the refrigerant that has passed through the outdoor expansion valve 6 that appears to open flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the refrigerant also radiates heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and defrosting is executed.
The configurations of the refrigerant circuit R and the battery temperature adjusting device 61 described in the above embodiments are not limited thereto, and it goes without saying that they can be changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle air conditioner 2 Compressor 3 Air flow path 4 Radiator 6 Outdoor expansion valve 7 Outdoor heat exchanger 8 Indoor expansion valve 9 Heat absorber 15

Outdoor blower

17, 20, 21, 22 Solenoid valve (open / close valve)
32 Controller (Control device)
55 Battery 61 Battery temperature adjustment device 62 Circulation pump (circulation device)
63 Three-way valve (flow path switching device)
64 Refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 66 Heat medium heater (heating device)
67 Air-heat medium heat exchanger 73 Auxiliary expansion valve (expansion valve)
R refrigerant circuit

Claims

A compressor for compressing the refrigerant;
An air flow passage through which air to be supplied into the passenger compartment flows;
A radiator for dissipating the refrigerant and heating the air supplied from the air flow passage to the vehicle interior;
A heat absorber for absorbing the refrigerant to cool the air supplied from the air flow passage to the vehicle interior;
An outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the passenger compartment for absorbing or radiating heat of the refrigerant;
An outdoor fan for ventilating the outdoor air to the outdoor heat exchanger;
Equipped with a control device,
At least by the control device,
Heating operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the radiator, and after the pressure of the radiated refrigerant is reduced, the outdoor heat exchanger absorbs heat.
In the vehicle air conditioner for performing a cooling operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the outdoor heat exchanger, and the radiated refrigerant is depressurized and then absorbed by the heat absorber.
A battery mounted on the vehicle;
A circulation device for circulating a heat medium in the battery to adjust the temperature of the battery;
An air-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between air and the heat medium;
A refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the heat medium and a part or all of the refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger;
An expansion valve for depressurizing the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger or preventing the refrigerant from flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger;
A flow path switching device for switching whether to circulate the heat medium in the air-heat medium heat exchanger;
An air conditioner for a vehicle, wherein the air-heat medium heat exchanger is disposed on the leeward side of the outdoor heat exchanger.
An on-off valve for heating, which is provided on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger and is opened during the heating operation;
A cooling on-off valve provided on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger and opened during the cooling operation;
2. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger and reaching the on-off valves flows through the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger.
In the heating operation, the control device circulates the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device to exchange the heat medium with outside air after heat exchange with the outdoor heat exchanger. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heating / battery cooling mode for cooling and cooling the battery with the heat medium is executed.
When the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is low, the control device operates the outdoor blower with the compressor stopped.
The heat medium is circulated by the flow path switching device to the air-heat medium heat exchanger, whereby the heat medium is cooled by outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower, and the battery is cooled by the heat medium. The vehicle air conditioning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the battery cooling single mode is executed.
When the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is high, the control device operates the compressor to dissipate the refrigerant discharged from the compressor in the outdoor heat exchanger,
Without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device, all the refrigerant that has come out of the outdoor heat exchanger is decompressed by the expansion valve, and then the refrigerant-heat medium heat 5. The second battery cooling single mode is executed in which the heat medium is cooled by flowing into the exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium, and the battery is cooled by the heat medium. Air conditioner for vehicles.
In the cooling operation, when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is low, the control device allows the outside air to be ventilated by the outdoor blower by circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. The vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first cooling / battery cooling mode is performed in which the heat medium is cooled by the heat medium and the battery is cooled by the heat medium. Air conditioner.
When the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is high in the cooling operation, the control device leaves the outdoor heat exchanger without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. A part of the refrigerant is depressurized by the expansion valve, and then flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger, and the heat medium is cooled by absorbing heat from the heat medium, and the battery is cooled by the heat medium. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the second cooling / battery cooling mode is executed.
A heating device for heating the heat medium;
The controller prevents the refrigerant from flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger by the expansion valve without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. The vehicle according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein a battery heating mode in which the battery is heated by the heating medium is performed by heating the heating medium by the heating device. Air conditioning equipment.
In the heating operation, the control device causes the expansion valve to remove all the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device. After depressurizing, the heating / battery heat HP utilization mode in which the heat of the battery is transferred to the refrigerant by flowing into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium is executed. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 3 to 8.
A heating device for heating the heat medium;
The control device defrosts the outdoor heat exchanger by radiating the refrigerant discharged from the compressor with the outdoor heat exchanger,
Without circulating the heat medium to the air-heat medium heat exchanger by the flow path switching device, all the refrigerant that has come out of the outdoor heat exchanger is decompressed by the expansion valve, and then the refrigerant-heat medium heat The defrost / battery cooling / heating mode in which heat of the battery and / or the heating device is transferred to the refrigerant by flowing into the exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium is executed. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 3 to 9.