JP7164986B2 - Vehicle air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a heat pump type vehicle air conditioner capable of adjusting the temperature of a temperature controlled target such as a battery mounted in a vehicle, and more particularly to defrosting of an outdoor heat exchanger.

Due to the emergence of environmental problems in recent years, vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, in which a driving motor is driven by electric power supplied from an on-board battery, have become widespread. An air conditioner that can be applied to such a vehicle includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a radiator, a heat absorber, and an outdoor heat exchanger are connected, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is The heat is radiated by the radiator, and the refrigerant radiated by the radiator is absorbed by the outdoor heat exchanger to heat the vehicle interior, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the outdoor heat exchanger and absorbed by the heat absorber. Thus, a device for cooling the interior of a vehicle has been developed.

Further, when the interior of the vehicle is heated, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger and becomes low temperature. As the frost builds up on the outdoor heat exchanger, heat exchange with the outside air is hindered, resulting in a decrease in heating capacity. Therefore, the outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted by causing the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor to flow through the outdoor heat exchanger to dissipate heat (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2011-237052 A JP 2012-17056 A

However, in the defrosting method, the entire refrigerant circuit becomes gas refrigerant, so that a large amount of refrigerant remains, and the liquid refrigerant overflows from the accumulator connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, causing the compressor to compress the liquid. There was a risk of damage due to

On the other hand, cooling water is circulated through the battery to control the temperature of the battery, and heat is exchanged between the cooling water and the refrigerant. A system that contributes to frost has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2, for example), but there is a problem that the temperature of the battery becomes too cold during defrosting.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such conventional technical problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner capable of preventing an object to be temperature-controlled from being too cold.

A vehicle air conditioner of the present invention includes a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a radiator for radiating heat from the refrigerant to heat the air supplied to the vehicle interior, an outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle interior, A control device is provided, and the control device causes the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat with a radiator, depressurizes the heat-dissipated refrigerant, and then absorbs heat with an outdoor heat exchanger, thereby heating the vehicle interior. A temperature control target temperature control device for circulating a heat medium to a temperature control target mounted on a vehicle to adjust the temperature of the temperature control target, wherein the temperature control target The temperature control device has a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the heat medium, and a heating device that heats the heat medium. After the heat is radiated in the exchanger, the refrigerant that has radiated heat is decompressed, and then flowed into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger to perform a defrosting operation in which heat is absorbed from the heat medium . In the defrosting operation, the control device independently controls the temperature of the battery and the driving motor within a proper temperature range below a predetermined upper limit value and above a predetermined lower limit value by means of a heating device .

In the vehicle air conditioner of the invention of claim 2, in the above invention, the proper temperature range of the battery and the proper temperature range of the driving motor are different, and the controller controls the temperatures of the battery and the driving motor independently within their respective proper temperature ranges. It is characterized by controlling by

A vehicle air conditioner according to a third aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in each of the above inventions, the heating device comprises a first heating medium heater for heating the heating medium circulated in the battery and a heating medium for heating the heating medium circulated in the driving motor. It is characterized by comprising a second heat medium heating heater .

The vehicle air conditioner of the invention of claim 4 comprises a heat absorber for absorbing heat from the refrigerant and cooling the air supplied to the vehicle interior in each of the above inventions, and the controller controls the refrigerant discharged from the compressor. After radiating heat with a radiator and decompressing the radiated refrigerant, heating operation in which heat is absorbed by an outdoor heat exchanger, and radiating the refrigerant discharged from the compressor with a radiator and decompressing the radiated refrigerant. After that, dehumidification operation in which heat is absorbed by the heat absorber, and cooling operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is released by the outdoor heat exchanger and the heat is absorbed by the heat absorber after the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced. In each of these air conditioning operations, the temperature of the object to be temperature controlled can be adjusted by flowing the refrigerant into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium. It is characterized by

A vehicle air conditioner according to a fifth aspect of the invention is characterized in that in each of the above inventions, an accumulator connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor is provided.

According to the present invention, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a radiator for radiating heat from the refrigerant to heat the air supplied to the vehicle interior, an outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle interior, and a control device are provided. This control device allows the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat with a radiator, depressurize the heat-dissipated refrigerant, and then absorb heat with an outdoor heat exchanger, thereby heating the vehicle interior. An air conditioner comprising a temperature control target temperature adjusting device for circulating a heat medium to a temperature control target mounted in a vehicle to adjust the temperature of the temperature control target, and adjusting the temperature control target temperature. The device has a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the heat medium, and a heating device for heating the heat medium, and the control device transfers the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to the outdoor heat exchanger. After the heat is radiated in the refrigerating medium, the refrigerant that has radiated heat is decompressed, and then flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger to perform the defrosting operation in which heat is absorbed from the heat medium. A defrosting operation can be performed by condensing the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger and evaporating the refrigerant in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger.

As a result, when the outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted, liquid refrigerant exists on the high pressure side including the outdoor heat exchanger. Without increasing the capacity of the accumulator, it is possible to prevent the compressor from compressing liquid and causing damage.

In particular, the objects to be temperature controlled are the battery and the driving motor, and in the defrosting operation, the control device controls the temperature of the battery and the driving motor by the heating device so that the temperatures of the battery and the driving motor are set within appropriate temperature ranges below a predetermined upper limit value and above a predetermined lower limit value, respectively. Since the exhaust heat of the battery and the driving motor and the heat of the heating device contribute to the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger, the battery and the driving motor are controlled independently within their appropriate temperature ranges. control becomes possible.

That is, the battery and the driving motor are kept within their respective appropriate temperature ranges, and the malfunction of the battery and the driving motor due to overcooling or overheating can be effectively eliminated, and the battery and the driving motor function in optimum conditions. be able to

Further, as in the invention of claim 4, a heat absorber for absorbing heat of the refrigerant and cooling the air supplied to the vehicle interior is provided, and the control device causes the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat with a radiator, thereby radiating heat. After depressurizing the refrigerant that has been decompressed, heat is absorbed by an outdoor heat exchanger, and a heating operation is performed, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by a radiator. dehumidifying operation and cooling operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by an outdoor heat exchanger, the heat-dissipated refrigerant is decompressed, and heat is absorbed by a heat absorber, and each air conditioning operation can be switched and executed, In each of these air-conditioning operations as well, the air-conditioning operation in the passenger compartment is performed by allowing the refrigerant to flow into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger to absorb heat from the heat medium, thereby making it possible to adjust the temperature of the object to be temperature controlled. The object to be temperature controlled can be made to function in a good condition even while the user is in the room.

1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle air conditioner to which the present invention is applied; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an air conditioning controller as a control device for the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a heating operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2; FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a dehumidifying heating operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2; 3 is a diagram for explaining internal cycle operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2; FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining dehumidifying cooling operation/cooling operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2; 3 is a diagram for explaining heating/temperature control target temperature control modes by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a dehumidification cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode (cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode) by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2 ; FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an internal cycle/temperature control target temperature control mode by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2 ; FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining dehumidification/heating/temperature control target temperature control modes by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2 ; 3 is a diagram for explaining defrosting operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2; FIG. FIG. 12 is a Ph diagram in the defrosting operation of FIG. 11; It is a figure explaining the case where a simple defrost is carried out to an outdoor heat exchanger. FIG. 14 is a Ph diagram in the case of simple defrosting of FIG. 13;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a vehicle air conditioner 1 of one embodiment to which the present invention is applied. A vehicle of an embodiment to which the present invention is applied is an electric vehicle (EV) that is not equipped with an engine (internal combustion engine), and is equipped with a battery 55 (for example, a lithium battery). It is driven by supplying the charged electric power to a running motor (electric motor) 65 to run. The vehicle air conditioner 1 is also powered by the battery 55 and driven.

That is, the vehicle air conditioner 1 performs heating operation by heat pump operation using the refrigerant circuit R in an electric vehicle in which heating cannot be performed by engine waste heat, and further performs dehumidification heating operation (dehumidification operation in the present invention) and internal cycle Air-conditioning in the passenger compartment is performed by selectively executing each air-conditioning operation of operation (this is also the dehumidifying operation of the present invention), dehumidifying cooling operation (this is also the dehumidifying operation of the present invention), and cooling operation. It goes without saying that the present invention is effective not only for electric vehicles as vehicles, but also for so-called hybrid vehicles that share an engine and an electric motor for running.

A vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment performs air conditioning (heating, cooling, dehumidification, and ventilation) in a vehicle interior of an electric vehicle, and includes an electric compressor (electric compressor) 2 for compressing a refrigerant. Then, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is provided in the air flow passage 3 of the HVAC unit 10 through which the vehicle interior air is ventilated and circulated. A radiator 4 for heating the air supplied to the passenger compartment, an outdoor expansion valve 6 consisting of a motor-operated valve for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant during heating, functioning as a radiator for releasing heat from the refrigerant during cooling, and absorbing heat from the refrigerant during heating. An outdoor heat exchanger 7 for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air so as to function as an evaporator for the refrigerant, an indoor expansion valve 8 comprising an electric valve for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant, A refrigerant circuit R is formed by sequentially connecting a heat absorber 9, an accumulator 12, and the like, for cooling the air supplied to the vehicle interior by causing the refrigerant to absorb heat from outside and inside the vehicle interior during cooling and dehumidification, and an accumulator 12 and the like. ing. The outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 decompress and expand the refrigerant, and can be fully opened or fully closed.

The outdoor heat exchanger 7 is provided with an outdoor blower 15 . The outdoor blower 15 forcibly blows outside air through the outdoor heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat between the outside air and the refrigerant. The heat exchanger 7 is configured to be ventilated with outside air.

Refrigerant pipe 13A connected to the refrigerant outlet side of outdoor heat exchanger 7 is connected to refrigerant pipe 13B via check valve 18 . The check valve 18 has a forward direction on the refrigerant pipe 13B side, and the refrigerant pipe 13B is connected to the indoor expansion valve 8 .

In addition, the refrigerant pipe 13A coming out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is branched, and the branched refrigerant pipe 13D is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13C located on the outlet side of the heat absorber 9 via the electromagnetic valve 21 that is opened during heating. is connected to the A check valve 20 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13C downstream of the connection point of the refrigerant pipe 13D, and the refrigerant pipe 13C downstream of the check valve 20 is connected to the accumulator 12. The accumulator 12 is connected to the compressor 2 connected to the refrigerant suction side of the The check valve 20 is oriented forward toward the accumulator 12 side.

Furthermore, the refrigerant pipe 13E on the outlet side of the radiator 4 is branched into the refrigerant pipe 13J and the refrigerant pipe 13F before the outdoor expansion valve 6 (refrigerant upstream side), and one of the branched refrigerant pipes 13J is connected to the outdoor expansion valve 6. is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 via the . The other branched refrigerant pipe 13F communicates with the refrigerant pipe 13B located downstream of the check valve 18 and upstream of the indoor expansion valve 8 via an electromagnetic valve 22 that is opened during dehumidification. It is

As a result, the refrigerant pipe 13F is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the outdoor expansion valve 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the check valve 18, and the outdoor expansion valve 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the check valve 18 is bypassed.

Further, the air flow passage 3 on the air upstream side of the heat absorber 9 is formed with an outside air suction port and an inside air suction port (represented by a suction port 25 in FIG. 1). 25 is provided with an intake switching damper 26 for switching the air introduced into the air flow passage 3 between inside air (inside air circulation), which is the air inside the vehicle compartment, and outside air (outside air introduction), which is the air outside the vehicle compartment. Furthermore, an indoor air blower (blower fan) 27 for supplying the introduced inside air and outside air to the air flow passage 3 is provided on the air downstream side of the suction switching damper 26 .

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 23 denotes an auxiliary heater as an auxiliary heating device. The auxiliary heater 23 is composed of a PTC heater (electric heater) in the embodiment, and is provided in the air flow passage 3 downstream of the radiator 4 with respect to the air flow in the air flow passage 3. there is When the auxiliary heater 23 is energized and heats up, it functions as a so-called heater core to supplement the heating of the passenger compartment.

In addition, in the air flow passage 3 on the air upstream side of the radiator 4, the air (inside air or outside air) in the air flow passage 3 after flowing into the air flow passage 3 and passing through the heat absorber 9 is radiated. An air mix damper 28 is provided for adjusting the ratio of ventilation to the vessel 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 . Further, in the air flow passage 3 on the air downstream side of the heat radiator 4, FOOT (foot), VENT (vent), and DEF (def) outlets (representatively indicated by the outlet 29 in FIG. 1) are formed. The air outlet 29 is provided with an air outlet switching damper 31 for switching and controlling air blowing from each of the air outlets.

Further, the vehicle air conditioner 1 includes a temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 for circulating a heat medium in the battery 55 and the running motor 65 to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 and the running motor 65. there is That is, in the embodiment, the battery 55 and the running motor 65 are the temperature controlled objects mounted on the vehicle. In the present invention, the running motor 65 to be subjected to temperature control is not limited to the electric motor itself, but also includes an electric device such as an inverter circuit for driving the electric motor.

A temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61 of the embodiment includes a circulation pump 62 as a circulation device for circulating a heat medium in a battery 55 and a traveling motor 65, and a first heat medium heater 66A and a second heat medium heater 66A as heating devices. A two-heat-medium heater 66B and a refrigerant-heat-medium heat exchanger 64 are provided.

In this embodiment, the inlet of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is connected to the discharge side of the circulation pump 62, and the outlet of the heat medium flow path 64A is the heat medium pipe 68A and the heat medium pipe. It branches to 68B. A series circuit of a first solenoid valve 81, a first heat medium heater 66A, and a battery 55 as a flow path control device is connected to the heat medium pipe 68A of these, and a series circuit of the heat medium pipe 68B as a flow flow control device is connected. A series circuit of the second solenoid valve 82, the second heat medium heater 66B, and the traveling motor 65 is connected. The heat medium pipe 68A on the outlet side of the battery 55 and the heat medium pipe 68A on the outlet side of the drive motor 65 are connected to the suction side of the circulation pump 62 after joining. The electromagnetic valves 81 and 82 may be configured by electric valves capable of adjusting the flow rate.

As the heat medium used in the temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61, for example, water, refrigerant such as HFO-1234yf, liquid such as coolant, and gas such as air can be employed. In addition, water is used as a heat medium in the embodiment. Further, each heat medium heater 66A, 66B is composed of an electric heater such as a PTC heater. Further, a jacket structure is provided around the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 so that, for example, a heat medium can flow through the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 in a heat exchange relationship.

When the circulation pump 62 is operated with the solenoid valves 81 and 82 open, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. . The heat medium exiting the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is split, and one of the split heat medium passes through the first electromagnetic valve 81 and reaches the first heat medium heater 66A. When the first heat medium heater 66A is generating heat, it is heated there and then reaches the battery 55, where the heat medium exchanges heat with the battery 55. FIG. The other split heat medium passes through the second solenoid valve 82 and reaches the second heat medium heater 66B. 65 , where the heat medium exchanges heat with the traveling motor 65 . After the heat medium that has exchanged heat with the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 is merged, it is sucked into the circulation pump 62 and circulated in the heat medium pipe 68 . When the first electromagnetic valve 81 is closed, the heat medium does not flow to the battery 55, and when the second electromagnetic valve 82 is closed, the heat medium does not flow to the drive motor 65.

On the other hand, the outlet of the refrigerant pipe 13F of the refrigerant circuit R, that is, the refrigerant pipe 13B located downstream of the connection portion between the refrigerant pipe 13F and the refrigerant pipe 13B and upstream of the indoor expansion valve 8 is branched. One end of a branch pipe 72 as a circuit is connected. The branch pipe 72 is provided with an auxiliary expansion valve 73 which is an electric valve. The auxiliary expansion valve 73 decompresses and expands the refrigerant flowing into a later-described refrigerant passage 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and can also be fully closed.

The other end of the branch pipe 72 is connected to the refrigerant channel 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and one end of the refrigerant pipe 74 is connected to the outlet of the refrigerant channel 64B. The other end is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13C on the refrigerant downstream side of the check valve 20 and before the accumulator 12 (refrigerant upstream side). These auxiliary expansion valves 73 and the like also constitute a part of the refrigerant circuit R and at the same time constitute a part of the temperature control subject temperature control device 61 .

When the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is open, the refrigerant (part or all of the refrigerant) coming out of the refrigerant pipe 13F and the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows into the branch pipe 27 and is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73. - flows into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates there; After absorbing heat from the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path 64A in the course of flowing through the refrigerant flow path 64B, the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2 via the accumulator 12. FIG.

Next, in FIG. 2, reference numeral 32 denotes an air conditioning controller 32 as a control device that controls the vehicle air conditioner 1. As shown in FIG. The air-conditioning controller 32 is connected via a vehicle communication bus 45 to a vehicle controller 35 (ECU) that controls the entire vehicle, including drive control of the drive motor 65 and charge/discharge control of the battery 55, and transmits and receives information. It is configured. Each of these air conditioning controller 32 and vehicle controller 35 (ECU) is composed of a microcomputer as an example of a computer having a processor.

The inputs of the air conditioning controller 32 (control device) include an outside air temperature sensor 33 that detects the outside air temperature (Tam) of the vehicle, an outside air humidity sensor 34 that detects the outside air humidity, and the air drawn into the flow path 3 from the intake port 25. An HVAC intake temperature sensor 36 that detects the air temperature, an inside air temperature sensor 37 that detects the temperature of the air (inside air) in the vehicle interior, an inside air humidity sensor 38 that detects the humidity of the air in the vehicle interior, and carbon dioxide in the vehicle interior. An indoor CO ₂ concentration sensor 39 that detects the carbon concentration, an air outlet temperature sensor 41 that detects the temperature of the air blown into the passenger compartment from the air outlet 29, and a pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 (discharge pressure Pd) is detected. A discharge pressure sensor 42, a discharge temperature sensor 43 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2, a suction temperature sensor 44 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant drawn into the compressor 2, and the temperature of the radiator 4 (air passing through the radiator 4 or the temperature of the radiator 4 itself: radiator temperature TCI), and the refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4 (the refrigerant in the radiator 4 or immediately after leaving the radiator 4 pressure: radiator pressure PCI) and the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (the temperature of the air passing through the heat absorber 9 or the temperature of the heat absorber 9 itself: heat absorber temperature Te) A heat absorber temperature sensor 48, a heat absorber pressure sensor 49 that detects the pressure of the refrigerant in the heat absorber 9 (the pressure of the refrigerant in the heat absorber 9 or immediately after leaving the heat absorber 9), and the amount of solar radiation into the vehicle compartment. For example, a photo sensor type solar radiation sensor 51 for detecting, a vehicle speed sensor 52 for detecting the moving speed (vehicle speed) of the vehicle, an air conditioning operation unit 53 for setting the set temperature and switching of air conditioning operation, outdoor Temperature of heat exchanger 7 (temperature of refrigerant immediately after exiting outdoor heat exchanger 7, or temperature of outdoor heat exchanger 7 itself: outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO. Outdoor heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator When the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO becomes the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 54 detects the refrigerant pressure in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (in the outdoor heat exchanger 7, Alternatively, each output of an outdoor heat exchanger pressure sensor 56 for detecting the pressure of the refrigerant immediately after coming out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is connected.

Further, the temperature of the battery 55 (the temperature of the battery 55 itself, the temperature of the heat medium leaving the battery 55, or the temperature of the heat medium entering the battery 55: battery temperature Tb) is also input to the air conditioning controller 32. a battery temperature sensor 76 for detection, a heat medium heater temperature sensor 77 for detecting the temperature of the heat medium heater 66 (the temperature of the heat medium heater 66 itself, the temperature of the heat medium exiting the heat medium heater 66), The temperature of the running motor 65 (the temperature of the running motor 65 itself, the temperature of the heat medium exiting the running motor 65, or the temperature of the heat medium entering the running motor 65: running motor temperature Tm) is detected. Each output of the running motor temperature sensor 78 is also connected.

On the other hand, the outputs of the air conditioning controller 32 include the compressor 2, the outdoor fan 15, the indoor fan (blower fan) 27, the suction switching damper 26, the air mix damper 28, the outlet switching damper 31, and the outdoor The expansion valve 6, the indoor expansion valve 8, the solenoid valve 22 (dehumidification), the solenoid valve 21 (heating), the auxiliary heater 23, the circulation pump 62, the first and second heat medium heaters 66A, 66B, An auxiliary expansion valve 73 and first and second solenoid valves 81 and 82 are connected. The air conditioning controller 32 controls these based on the output of each sensor, the settings input by the air conditioning operation section 53 and the information from the vehicle controller 35 .

Next, the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment having the above configuration will be described. In the embodiment, the air conditioning controller 32 (control device) switches between each air conditioning operation of heating operation, dehumidifying heating operation (dehumidifying operation), internal cycle operation (dehumidifying operation), dehumidifying cooling operation (dehumidifying operation), and cooling operation. At the same time, the temperature of the battery 55 (subject to temperature control) and the running motor 65 (subject to temperature control) is adjusted within a predetermined appropriate temperature range in the embodiment. First, each air conditioning operation of the refrigerant circuit R of the vehicle air conditioner 1 during operation of the vehicle will be described.

(1) Heating operation First, the heating operation will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 shows the refrigerant flow (solid arrow) in the refrigerant circuit R during heating operation. When the heating operation is selected by the air conditioning controller 32 (auto mode) or by manual operation (manual mode) of the air conditioning operation unit 53, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the solenoid valve 21 (for heating) and closes the indoor expansion valve. 8 is fully closed. Also, the electromagnetic valve 22 (for dehumidification) is closed.

Then, the compressor 2 and the fans 15 and 27 are operated, and the air mix damper 28 adjusts the ratio of the air blown from the indoor fan 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 . As a result, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4 . Since the air in the air circulation passage 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air circulation passage 3 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4, while the refrigerant in the radiator 4 transfers heat to the air. It is robbed, cooled, condensed and liquefied.

After leaving the radiator 4, the refrigerant liquefied in the radiator 4 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipes 13E and 13J. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor expansion valve 6 is decompressed there and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 . The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates, and draws up heat from the outside air blown by the outdoor blower 15 while the vehicle is running (heat absorption). That is, the refrigerant circuit R becomes a heat pump. Then, the low-temperature refrigerant leaving the outdoor heat exchanger 7 passes through the refrigerant pipes 13A and 13D, the electromagnetic valve 21, the refrigerant pipe 13C, the check valve 20, and enters the accumulator 12, where it is separated into gas and liquid. The circulation in which the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2 is repeated. Since the air heated by the radiator 4 is blown out from the outlet 29, the vehicle interior is heated.

The air conditioning controller 32 converts a target heater temperature TCO (a target value of the air temperature on the leeward side of the radiator 4) calculated from a target blowout temperature TAO, which will be described later, into a target radiator pressure PCO (a target value of the pressure PCI of the radiator 4). is calculated, and the rotation speed of the compressor 2 is controlled based on this target radiator pressure PCO and the refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4 detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47 (radiator pressure PCI; high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) At the same time, the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled based on the temperature of the radiator 4 (radiator temperature TCI) detected by the radiator temperature sensor 46 and the radiator pressure PCI detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47, Controls the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant at the outlet of the radiator 4 . The target heater temperature TCO is basically set to TCO=TAO, but a predetermined control limit is provided. Further, when the heating capacity of the radiator 4 is insufficient, the auxiliary heater 23 is energized to generate heat to complement the heating capacity.

(2) Dehumidifying and Heating Operation Next, the dehumidifying and heating operation as one of the dehumidifying operations will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows the flow of refrigerant (solid line arrows) in the refrigerant circuit R in the dehumidifying and heating operation. In the dehumidifying heating operation, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the solenoid valve 22 and opens the indoor expansion valve 8 in the heating operation state to decompress and expand the refrigerant. As a result, part of the condensed refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13E through the radiator 4 is branched, the branched refrigerant flows through the solenoid valve 22 into the refrigerant pipe 13F, and flows from the refrigerant pipe 13B to the indoor expansion valve 8. , the remaining refrigerant flows to the outdoor expansion valve 6 . That is, a portion of the branched refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8 and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate.

The air conditioning controller 32 controls the degree of opening of the indoor expansion valve 8 so as to maintain the degree of superheat (SH) of the refrigerant at the outlet of the heat absorber 9 at a predetermined value. At , the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, so the air is cooled and dehumidified. The remaining refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant pipe 13</b>J after being split is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 6 and then evaporated in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 .

The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 exits the refrigerant pipe 13C, joins the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 13D (refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 7), and is sucked into the compressor 2 via the check valve 20 and the accumulator 12. repeat the circulation. Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the course of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidification heating is performed in the passenger compartment.

The air conditioning controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the target radiator pressure PCO calculated from the target heater temperature TCO and the radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47. At the same time, the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 .

(3) Internal Cycle Operation Next, the internal cycle operation, which is also one of the dehumidifying operations, will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 shows the refrigerant flow (solid line arrow) in the refrigerant circuit R in the internal cycle operation. In the internal cycle operation, the air conditioning controller 32 fully closes the outdoor expansion valve 6 (fully closed position) in the state of the dehumidifying and heating operation. However, the electromagnetic valve 21 is kept open, and the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is communicated with the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 2 . That is, since the internal cycle operation is a state in which the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully closed under the control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 during the dehumidifying and heating operation, the internal cycle operation can also be regarded as part of the dehumidifying and heating operation.

However, since the refrigerant is prevented from flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by closing the outdoor expansion valve 6, the condensed refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13E via the radiator 4 passes through the electromagnetic valve 22. All flow to the pipe 13F. The refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13F reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 through the refrigerant pipe 13B. After the refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Moisture in the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9 due to the heat absorbing action at this time, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified.

The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13C, passes through the check valve 20 and the accumulator 12, and is sucked into the compressor 2, repeating circulation. Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidifying and heating the vehicle interior is performed. Since the refrigerant is circulated between the radiator 4 (heat dissipation) and the heat absorber 9 (heat absorption) in the path 3, heat is not drawn from the outside air, and the power consumed by the compressor 2 is used for heating. Ability is demonstrated. Since the entire amount of refrigerant flows through the heat absorber 9 that exhibits the dehumidifying action, the dehumidifying capacity is high compared to the dehumidifying and heating operation, but the heating capacity is low.

Although the outdoor expansion valve 6 is closed, the solenoid valve 21 is open, and the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 communicates with the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 2. The refrigerant flows through the refrigerant pipe 13D and the electromagnetic valve 21 into the refrigerant pipe 13C, is recovered by the accumulator 12, and the inside of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 becomes gas refrigerant. As a result, the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit R increases compared to when the solenoid valve 21 is closed, and the heating capacity of the radiator 4 and the dehumidification capacity of the heat absorber 9 can be improved.

The air-conditioning controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the aforementioned radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R). At this time, the air-conditioning controller 32 controls the compressor 2 by selecting either the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the radiator pressure PCI, whichever is the lower compressor target rotational speed.

(4) Dehumidifying Cooling Operation Next, the dehumidifying cooling operation, which is also one of the dehumidifying operations, will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 shows the flow of refrigerant (solid line arrows) in the refrigerant circuit R in the dehumidifying and cooling operation. In the dehumidifying cooling operation, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the indoor expansion valve 8 to decompress and expand the refrigerant, and closes the electromagnetic valves 21 and 22 . Then, the compressor 2 and the fans 15 and 27 are operated, and the air mix damper 28 adjusts the ratio of the air blown from the indoor fan 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 . As a result, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4 . Since the air in the air circulation passage 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air circulation passage 3 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4, while the refrigerant in the radiator 4 transfers heat to the air. It is stolen, cooled, and condensed.

The refrigerant exiting the radiator 4 passes through the refrigerant pipe 13E, reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 through the outdoor expansion valve 6, which is controlled to be slightly open. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is air-cooled there by traveling or by outside air blown by the outdoor blower 15 and condensed. The refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13B through the refrigerant pipe 13A and the check valve 18 and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 . After the refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Moisture in the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9 due to the heat absorbing action at this time, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified.

The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 reaches the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13C and the check valve 20, and is sucked into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 12, repeating circulation. The air cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated (reheated: the heat dissipation capacity is lower than that during heating) in the process of passing through the radiator 4, so dehumidifying and cooling the vehicle interior is performed. become.

Based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 and the target heat absorber temperature TEO, the air conditioning controller 32 adjusts the heat absorber temperature Te to the target heat absorber temperature TEO. In addition to controlling the rotation speed of the compressor 2, the target radiator pressure PCO (radiator pressure Based on the target value of PCI), the necessary reheat amount by the radiator 4 is obtained by controlling the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 so that the radiator pressure PCI becomes the target radiator pressure PCO.

(5) Cooling operation Next, the cooling operation will be described. The flow in the refrigerant circuit R is the same as in the dehumidifying cooling operation of FIG. In the cooling operation, the air conditioning controller 32 fully opens the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the dehumidifying cooling operation. Incidentally, the air mix damper 28 is in a state of adjusting the ratio of the air to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23 .

As a result, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4 . Although the air in the air circulation passage 3 is ventilated to the radiator 4, the ratio is small (because it is only reheated during cooling), so most of it only passes through here, and the refrigerant leaving the radiator 4 is It reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipe 13E. At this time, since the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully open, the refrigerant passes through the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the refrigerant pipe 13J as it is, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7, where it is ventilated by running or by the outdoor blower 15. It is air-cooled by the outside air and condensed and liquefied. The refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13B through the refrigerant pipe 13A and the check valve 18 and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 . After the refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Moisture in the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9 due to the endothermic action at this time, and the air is cooled.

The refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 reaches the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13C and the check valve 20, and is sucked into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 12, repeating circulation. The air cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is blown into the passenger compartment through the outlet 29, thereby cooling the passenger compartment. In this cooling operation, the air conditioning controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 .

(6) Switching of air-conditioning operation The air-conditioning controller 32 calculates the above-described target blowout temperature TAO from the following equation (I). This target blowout temperature TAO is a target value for the temperature of the air blown out from the blowout port 29 into the vehicle interior.
TAO=(Tset−Tin)×K+Tbal(f(Tset, SUN, Tam))
... (I)
Here, Tset is the set temperature in the vehicle interior set by the air conditioning operation unit 53, Tin is the temperature of the interior air detected by the inside air temperature sensor 37, K is a coefficient, and Tbal is the set temperature Tset and the solar radiation sensor 51 detects. SUN and the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33 . In general, the lower the outside air temperature Tam is, the higher the target blowing temperature TAO is, and the higher the outside air temperature Tam is, the lower the target blowing temperature TAO is.

At startup, the air conditioning controller 32 selects one of the air conditioning operations based on the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33 and the target air temperature TAO. Further, after startup, each air conditioning operation is selected and switched according to changes in the environment and setting conditions such as the outside air temperature Tam and the target blowout temperature TAO.

(7) Temperature adjustment of objects to be temperature controlled (battery 55 and traveling motor 65) Next, with reference to FIGS. temperature control target) will be described. Here, the temperature of the battery 55 changes depending on the outside air temperature, and the temperature also changes due to self-heating. When the ambient temperature is in a high temperature environment or in an extremely low temperature environment, the temperature of the battery 55 becomes extremely high or extremely low, making charging and discharging difficult. Similarly, the temperature of the traveling motor 65 may become extremely high or extremely low depending on the operation and environmental conditions, causing malfunction and failure.

Therefore, the air-conditioning controller 32 of the vehicle air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the embodiment adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 to a predetermined appropriate temperature by the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 while executing the air-conditioning operation as described above. Adjust within the range (within the operating temperature range). Although the appropriate temperature ranges of the battery 55 and the driving motor 65 are generally known, in this application, for example, the appropriate temperature range of the battery 55 is 0° C. or more and +40° C. or less. That is, the predetermined lower limit TL of the appropriate temperature range is 0°C, and the upper limit TH is +40°C. Although the proper temperature range of the driving motor 65 is different from that of the battery 55, in this application, for example, the proper temperature range of the driving motor 65 is -15° C. or more and +60° C. or less, and a predetermined lower limit of the proper temperature range is set. (−15° C.) is also indicated by TL, and the upper limit (+60° C.) is also indicated by TH.

(7-1) Heating/temperature control target temperature control mode Any one of the battery temperature Tb and the running motor temperature Tm detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 and the running motor temperature sensor 78 in the heating operation described above When the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 needs to be adjusted outside the appropriate temperature range, the air conditioning controller 32 executes the heating/temperature control target temperature control mode. FIG. 7 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium in the temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61 (broken line arrow) in this heating/temperature control target temperature control mode.

In this heating/temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 further opens the electromagnetic valve 22 and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 in the heating operation state of the refrigerant circuit R shown in FIG. to be in a controlled state. Then, the circulation pump 62 of the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 is operated. As a result, part of the refrigerant coming out of the radiator 4 is branched on the refrigerant upstream side of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and reaches the refrigerant upstream side of the indoor expansion valve 8 via the refrigerant pipe 13F. The refrigerant then enters the branch pipe 72, is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, flows through the branch pipe 72 into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and evaporates. At this time, it exerts an endothermic action. The refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B repeats the circulation of being sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 74, the refrigerant pipe 13C and the accumulator 12 in sequence (indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 7).

On the other hand, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 reaches the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the heat medium pipe 68, where heat is absorbed by the refrigerant that evaporates in the refrigerant flow path 64B. The medium is cooled. The heat medium exiting the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is split while the first and second solenoid valves 81 and 82 are open, and one of the split heat medium It reaches the first heat medium heater 66A through the 1 solenoid valve 81, and after being heated there (when the first heat medium heater 66A is generating heat), reaches the battery 55 and exchanges heat with the battery 55. The other split heat medium passes through the second solenoid valve 82 and reaches the second heat medium heater 66B, where it is heated (when the second heat medium heater 66B is generating heat), and then moves to the traveling motor 65. , and heat exchanges with the traveling motor 65 . Then, after the heat medium that has exchanged heat with the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 joins, the circulation of the heat medium sucked into the circulation pump 62 is repeated (indicated by the dashed arrow in FIG. 7).

The air-conditioning controller 32, for example, constantly flows the refrigerant through the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and constantly cools the heat medium, while controlling the battery temperature Tb detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 and the traveling motor temperature. Based on the traveling motor temperature Tm detected by the sensor 78, the upper limit value TH, and the lower limit value TL of the appropriate temperature range, the heat generation of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B and the opening and closing of the solenoid valves 81 and 82 are performed. is controlled so that the battery temperature Tb is within the appropriate temperature range, and the running motor temperature Tm is also within the appropriate temperature range (in that case, in practice, instead of the heating operation, the heating/temperature control target Either the temperature control mode is always executed, or the heating operation and the heating/temperature control target temperature control mode are switched and executed).

For example, when the battery temperature Tb is higher than the upper limit value TH of the appropriate temperature range, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the first electromagnetic valve 81 and does not generate heat from the first heat medium heater 66A, thereby cooling the battery 55 and reducing the battery temperature. When Tb is lower than the lower limit value TL of the appropriate temperature range, the battery 55 is heated by opening the first solenoid valve 81 and causing the first heat medium heater 66A to generate heat.

When the running motor temperature Tm is higher than the upper limit value TH of the appropriate temperature range, the second electromagnetic valve 82 is opened and the second heat medium heater 66B does not generate heat, thereby cooling the running motor 65 and When the motor temperature Tm is lower than the lower limit value TL of the appropriate temperature range, the second electromagnetic valve 82 is opened and the second heat medium heater 66B is caused to generate heat, thereby heating the traveling motor 65 . As a result, the temperature of the battery 55 detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 (battery temperature Tb) and the temperature of the drive motor 65 detected by the drive motor temperature sensor 78 (drive motor temperature Tm) are kept within their appropriate temperature ranges. By adjusting, the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are controlled independently.

The electromagnetic valves 81 and 82 of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 that do not require temperature adjustment are closed, and the heating medium heaters 66A and 66B do not generate heat. Further, the capabilities of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B are determined based on the heat capacities of the battery 55 and the drive motor 65 as loads. Even when the heat medium is flowed at both temperatures Tm, the values are set so as to keep them within the appropriate temperature range. In this manner, the air conditioning controller 32 independently controls the temperature Tb of the battery 55 and the temperature Tm of the drive motor 65 within the proper temperature range.

(7-2) Cooling/Temperature Control Target Temperature Control Mode Next, when it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 in the cooling operation described above, the air conditioning controller 32 controls the cooling/temperature control mode. Execute the control target temperature control mode. FIG. 8 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium in the temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61 (broken line arrow) in this cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode.

In this cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the auxiliary expansion valve 73 to control the opening degree of the valve in the state of the refrigerant circuit R in the cooling operation shown in FIG. The circulation pump 62 of the temperature control device 61 is also operated to bring about heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat medium in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 .

As a result, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 passes through the radiator 4 and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7, where it exchanges heat with the outside air blown by the outdoor blower 15 and the running wind, radiates heat, and condenses. do. Part of the refrigerant condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 reaches the indoor expansion valve 8, where it is decompressed, and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate. Since the air in the air flow passage 3 is cooled by the heat absorbing action at this time, the vehicle interior is cooled.

The remainder of the refrigerant condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is diverted to the branch pipe 72, depressurized by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. FIG. Since the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the temperature control device 61, the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are cooled in the same manner as described above. The refrigerant coming out of the heat absorber 9 is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, the check valve 20, and the accumulator 12, and the refrigerant coming out of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 also flows through the refrigerant pipe 74 into the accumulator 12. It will be sucked into the compressor 2 through.

Even in this cooling/temperature-controlled temperature control mode, the air-conditioning controller 32 operates in the same way as in the heating/temperature-controlled temperature control mode described above, in place of the cooling operation, or in the cooling operation and the cooling/temperature-controlled temperature control mode. By switching the control mode, or by shifting from the cooling operation to the cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode and controlling the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the solenoid valves 81 and 82, the battery 55 (battery temperature Tb) and the temperature of the traveling motor 65 (traveling motor temperature Tm) are adjusted (controlled) within appropriate temperature ranges.

(7-3) Dehumidifying cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode Next, when it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 during the above-described dehumidifying cooling operation, the air conditioning controller 32 dehumidifies. Execute the cooling/temperature controlled temperature control mode. The flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium in the temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61 (broken line arrow) in this dehumidification cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode are the same as those in FIG. However, the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled to open rather than fully open. Then, as in the case of the cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 switches between the dehumidifying cooling operation and the dehumidifying cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode, or switches between the dehumidifying cooling operation and the dehumidifying cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode. By shifting from the operation to the dehumidification cooling/temperature control target temperature control mode and controlling the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the electromagnetic valves 81 and 82, the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm is adjusted (controlled) within the appropriate temperature range.

(7-4) Internal cycle/temperature control target temperature control mode Next, when it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 in the above-described internal cycle operation, the air conditioning controller 32 operates in the internal cycle mode. / Execute the temperature control target temperature control mode. In this internal cycle/temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the auxiliary expansion valve 73 to control the opening degree of the valve in the state of the refrigerant circuit R in the internal cycle operation of FIG. The circulation pump 62 of the temperature adjustment device 61 to be adjusted is also operated to bring about a state in which the refrigerant and the heat medium are heat-exchanged in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 . FIG. 9 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium in the temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61 (broken line arrow) in this internal cycle/temperature control target temperature control mode.

As a result, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 radiates heat in the radiator 4, and then passes through the solenoid valve 22 and all flows into the refrigerant pipe 13F. Part of the refrigerant that has exited the refrigerant pipe 13F reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 via the refrigerant pipe 13B, where it is decompressed, and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate. Moisture in the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9 due to the heat absorbing action at this time, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified.

The remainder of the refrigerant exiting the refrigerant pipe 13F is diverted to the branch pipe 72, depressurized by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. FIG. Since the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the temperature control device 61, the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are cooled in the same manner as described above. The refrigerant coming out of the heat absorber 9 is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, the check valve 20, and the accumulator 12, and the refrigerant coming out of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 also flows through the refrigerant pipe 74 into the accumulator 12. It will be sucked into the compressor 2 through.

In this internal cycle/temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 operates in the same manner as in the heating/temperature control target temperature control mode described above, instead of the internal cycle operation, or the internal cycle operation and the internal cycle/target temperature control mode. The temperature control target temperature control mode is switched, or the internal cycle operation is shifted to the internal cycle/temperature control target temperature control mode, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the solenoid valves 81 and 82 are switched. By controlling, the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are adjusted (controlled) within the appropriate temperature range.

(7-5) Dehumidification/heating/temperature control target temperature control mode / Execute the temperature control target temperature control mode. In this dehumidification/heating/temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the auxiliary expansion valve 73 to control the opening degree of the valve in the state of the refrigerant circuit R in the dehumidification/heating operation of FIG. The circulation pump 62 of the temperature adjustment device 61 to be adjusted is also operated to bring about a state in which the refrigerant and the heat medium are heat-exchanged in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 . FIG. 10 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium in the temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61 (broken line arrow) in this dehumidification/heating/temperature control target temperature control mode.

As a result, part of the condensed refrigerant that has left the radiator 4 is branched, and this branched refrigerant flows through the electromagnetic valve 22 into the refrigerant pipe 13F. The refrigerant flows from 13B to the indoor expansion valve 8, and the rest of the refrigerant flows to the outdoor expansion valve 6. That is, a part of the branched refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8 and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate. At this time, moisture in the air blown out from the indoor fan 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9 due to the heat absorbing action of the refrigerant generated in the heat absorber 9, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified. Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the course of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidification heating is performed in the passenger compartment. The rest of the condensed refrigerant discharged from the radiator 4 is depressurized by the outdoor expansion valve 6, evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and absorbs heat from the outside air.

On the other hand, the remainder of the refrigerant exiting the refrigerant pipe 13F flows into the branch pipe 72, is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and evaporates in the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. FIG. Since the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the temperature control target temperature control device 61, the battery 55 and the running motor 65 are cooled in the same manner as described above. The refrigerant coming out of the heat absorber 9 is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, the check valve 20 and the accumulator 12, and the refrigerant coming out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13D, the solenoid valve 21 and the refrigerant pipe. 13C, the check valve 20 and the accumulator 12 into the compressor 2, and the refrigerant exiting the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is also sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 74 and the accumulator 12.

Even in this dehumidifying heating/temperature controlled temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 can perform dehumidifying heating operation and dehumidifying heating/heating operation in the same manner as in the heating/temperature controlled temperature control mode described above. The temperature control target temperature control mode is switched, or the dehumidification heating operation is shifted to the dehumidification heating/temperature control target temperature control mode, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the solenoid valves 81 and 82 are switched. By controlling, the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are adjusted (controlled) within the appropriate temperature range.

(8) Defrosting Operation of Outdoor Heat Exchanger 7 Next, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by the air conditioning controller 32 will be described. During the heating operation, the outdoor heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator as described above, so the moisture in the outside air grows as frost on the outdoor heat exchanger 7, resulting in a decrease in heat exchange efficiency. The air conditioning controller 32 calculates an outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase when no frost is formed, which is calculated from, for example, the outside air temperature Tam and the rotation speed of the compressor 2. The outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO detected by the heat exchanger temperature sensor 54 is constantly compared, and when the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO drops below the non-frosting outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase, the difference becomes a predetermined value. When it becomes above, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is performed.

FIG. 11 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium in the temperature control target temperature adjustment device 61 (broken line arrow) in this defrosting operation. The air conditioning controller 32 operates the compressor 2 and the outdoor fan 15 is stopped. Also, the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed, and the auxiliary expansion valve 37 is opened to decompress the refrigerant. The outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully opened. Furthermore, the air conditioning controller 32 closes the solenoid valve 21 and stops the indoor blower 27 . Then, the circulation pump 62 is operated to bring about a state in which heat is exchanged between the refrigerant and the heat medium in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 .

As a result, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 via the radiator 4 and the refrigerant pipe 13E. Since the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully opened at this time, the refrigerant passes through the refrigerant pipe 13J and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as it is. The outdoor heat exchanger 7 is defrosted by the high-temperature gas refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 . The refrigerant releases heat, condenses and liquefies, and then exits the outdoor heat exchanger 7 .

Refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 passes through the refrigerant pipe 13A and enters the refrigerant pipe 13B. It reaches the auxiliary expansion valve 73 via the pipe 72 . After being decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates. At this time, it exerts an endothermic action. The refrigerant evaporated in this refrigerant flow path 64B passes through the refrigerant pipe 74, the refrigerant pipe 13C, and the accumulator 12 in sequence and is sucked into the compressor 2, repeating circulation. That is, in this defrosting operation, the refrigerant circuit R upstream of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 including the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is on the high pressure side.

On the other hand, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 while the electromagnetic valves 81 and 82 are open. The heat medium exiting the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is branched, and one of the branched heat medium passes through the first solenoid valve 81 and reaches the first heat medium heater 66A. 1 When the heat medium heater 66A is generating heat, it is heated there and then reaches the battery 55, where the heat medium exchanges heat with the battery 55. The other split heat medium passes through the second solenoid valve 82 and reaches the second heat medium heater 66B. 65 , where the heat medium exchanges heat with the traveling motor 65 . After the heat medium that has exchanged heat with the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 joins, it is sucked into the circulation pump 62 and circulated in the heat medium pipe 68 (indicated by the dashed arrow in FIG. 11).

The air conditioning controller 32 controls the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the electromagnetic valves 81 and 82 in the defrosting operation as well as in the heating/temperature control target temperature control mode described above. By doing so, the temperature of the battery 55 (battery temperature Tb) and the temperature of the traveling motor 65 (traveling motor temperature Tm) are adjusted within the appropriate temperature range, and the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are independently controlled. . This prevents the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 from being too cold or overheating.

FIG. 12 shows a Ph diagram of the refrigerant circuit R in this defrosting operation. A line indicated by X1 in FIG. 12 is a region that contributes to defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (the same applies to FIG. 14). Here, FIG. 13 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R when so-called simple defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is performed instead of the defrosting operation, and FIG. 14 shows a Ph diagram in that case. . In this simple defrosting, the degree of opening of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is slightly reduced, the solenoid valve 21 is opened, the solenoid valve 22 is closed, and the indoor expansion valve 8 and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 are fully closed. Then, the compressor 2 is operated.

As a result, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 via the radiator 4 and the refrigerant pipe 13E. After the refrigerant is slightly throttled here, it flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 through the refrigerant pipe 13J. Then, the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is defrosted by the relatively high-temperature gas refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 . Although the refrigerant releases heat here, it leaves the outdoor heat exchanger 7 in a gaseous state. Then, it passes through the refrigerant pipes 13A and 13D, the electromagnetic valve 21, the check valve 20, and enters the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13C. Then, it is sucked into the compressor 2 .

In such a simple defrosting, the downstream side of the refrigerant from the outdoor expansion valve 6 becomes a low pressure side, and the refrigerant circuit R becomes all the gas refrigerant. , there is a risk that the compressor 2 will cause liquid compression and be damaged.

On the other hand, in the defrosting operation of the present invention as shown in FIGS. It becomes possible to evaporate the refrigerant. As a result, when the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is defrosted, the liquid refrigerant exists on the high-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit R including the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The refrigerant can be prevented or suppressed from overflowing from the accumulator 12, and the problem of the compressor 2 compressing the liquid and causing damage can be avoided.

In particular, in the present invention, in this defrosting operation, the air conditioning controller 32 sets the temperatures of the battery 55 and the running motor 65, which are the objects to be temperature controlled, by the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B of the temperature control object temperature adjusting device 61. Since the temperature is adjusted within the appropriate temperature range below the upper limit value and above the lower limit value, the exhaust heat of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 and the heat of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B are removed from the outdoor heat exchanger 7. While contributing to frost, it is possible to prevent the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 from being excessively cooled or overheated so that they function in optimum conditions.

In addition, in the embodiment, in each air conditioning operation such as heating operation, dehumidifying heating operation (dehumidifying operation), internal cycle operation (dehumidifying operation), dehumidifying cooling operation (dehumidifying operation), and cooling operation, the refrigerant is used as a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger. 64 to absorb heat from the heat medium, the temperature of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 can be adjusted. You will be able to function in good condition.

In the embodiment, the temperature of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 (the target of temperature control) is controlled within the appropriate temperature range. It may be controlled to TL or more. Even in this case, the exhaust heat of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 and the heat of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B contribute to the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, but the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are too cold. Inconvenience resulting from malfunction can also be effectively resolved.

Further, the configuration of the air conditioning controller 32, the configuration of the refrigerant circuit R of the vehicle air conditioner 1, and the configuration of the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 described in the embodiment are not limited thereto, and do not depart from the gist of the present invention. Needless to say, it can be changed within a range.

1 vehicle air conditioner 2 compressor 4 radiator 6 outdoor expansion valve 7 outdoor heat exchanger 8 indoor expansion valve 9 heat absorbers 21, 22 solenoid valve 32 air conditioning controller (control device)
55 Battery (target for temperature control)
61 temperature adjustment device to be temperature controlled 62 circulation pump 64 refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 65 running motor (temperature to be controlled)
66A first heating medium heater (heating device)
66B Second heat medium heater (heating device)
72 branch piping (branch circuit)
73 auxiliary expansion valve 81 first solenoid valve 82 second solenoid valve

Claims (5)

a compressor that compresses a refrigerant;
a radiator for radiating heat from the refrigerant to heat the air supplied to the vehicle interior;
an outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle;
with a control device,
The controller allows the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat in the radiator, depressurize the radiated refrigerant, and then absorb heat in the outdoor heat exchanger, thereby heating the vehicle interior. In the vehicle air conditioner that is
Equipped with a temperature control target temperature adjustment device for circulating a heat medium to a temperature control target mounted in a vehicle to adjust the temperature of the temperature control target,
The temperature control target temperature adjustment device has a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the heat medium, and a heating device for heating the heat medium,
The control device causes the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat in the outdoor heat exchanger, depressurizes the radiated refrigerant, and then flows into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger to remove the heat medium from the heat medium. Along with executing the defrosting operation to absorb heat,
The objects to be temperature controlled are a battery and a driving motor,
In the defrosting operation, the control device independently controls the temperature of the battery and the driving motor within a predetermined upper limit value or less and a predetermined lower limit value or more, respectively, by the heating device. for air conditioners. 2. An appropriate temperature range for the battery and an appropriate temperature range for the drive motor are different, and the control device independently controls the temperatures of the battery and the drive motor within the respective appropriate temperature ranges. The vehicle air conditioner according to 1. The heating device is characterized by comprising a first heat medium heater that heats the heat medium circulated in the battery and a second heat medium heater that heats the heat medium circulated in the running motor. 3. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2. A heat absorber for absorbing heat from the refrigerant and cooling the air supplied to the vehicle interior,
The control device is
A heating operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the radiator, the heat-dissipated refrigerant is decompressed, and heat is absorbed by the outdoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is heated. Dehumidification operation in which heat is absorbed by the heat absorber after the heat is released by the radiator and the refrigerant that has released heat is decompressed, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is released by the outdoor heat exchanger and the heat is released. After decompressing the refrigerant, each air conditioning operation of the cooling operation in which heat is absorbed by the heat absorber can be switched and executed,
In each of the air conditioning operations, the temperature of the object to be temperature controlled can be adjusted by causing the refrigerant to flow into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger to absorb heat from the heat medium. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising an accumulator connected to a refrigerant suction side of said compressor.

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