WO2020026690A1 - Vehicle air conditioning device - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a vehicle air conditioning device that can prevent damage to a compressor due to liquid compression when defrosting an outdoor heat exchanger, and that can prevent excessive cooling of a battery or the like. This invention is provided with an object-to-be-temperature-regulated temperature regulation device (61) that regulates the temperature of an object that is subject to temperature regulation such as a battery (55) by circulating a heat medium through the object. The object-to-be-temperature-regulated temperature regulation device has a refrigerant/heat-medium heat exchanger (64) that causes heat exchange between a refrigerant and the heat medium, and heat medium heaters (66A, 66B). The refrigerant discharged from a compressor (2) is caused to release heat in an outdoor heat exchanger (7) and is then decompressed. Thereafter, a defrosting operation is executed, in which heat is absorbed from the heat medium in the refrigerant/heat-medium heat exchanger. Through the defrosting operation, the heat medium heaters control the temperature of the object that is subject to temperature regulation so as to be at least a prescribed lower limit value TL.

Description

Vehicle air conditioner

The present invention relates to a heat pump type vehicle air conditioner capable of adjusting the temperature of an object to be temperature controlled such as a battery mounted on a vehicle, and particularly to defrosting of an outdoor heat exchanger.

(4) With the emergence of environmental problems in recent years, vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles that drive a driving motor with electric power supplied from a mounted battery have become widespread. As an air conditioner that can be applied to such a vehicle, a compressor, a radiator, a heat sink, and a refrigerant circuit to which an outdoor heat exchanger is connected are provided, and refrigerant discharged from the compressor is provided. Heat is radiated in the radiator, the refrigerant radiated in the radiator is absorbed in the outdoor heat exchanger to heat the vehicle interior, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated in the outdoor heat exchanger and absorbed in the heat absorber. The thing which cools a vehicle interior by this is developed.

暖房 Also, when heating the vehicle interior, the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger absorbs heat and has a low temperature, so that moisture in the outside air adheres to the outdoor heat exchanger as frost. When the frost of the outdoor heat exchanger grows, heat exchange with the outside air is hindered, and the heating capacity is reduced. Therefore, the outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted by flowing the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor to the outdoor heat exchanger to release heat (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2011-237052 A JP 2012-17056 A

However, in such a defrosting method, since the entire refrigerant circuit becomes gas refrigerant, a large amount of refrigerant is left over, and the liquid refrigerant overflows from the accumulator connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor, causing the compressor to perform liquid compression. There was a danger that it would cause damage.

On the other hand, cooling water is circulated through the battery to control the temperature of the battery, and heat is exchanged between the cooling water and the refrigerant to transfer the heat generated by the battery to the outdoor heat exchanger by the refrigerant, thereby removing the outdoor heat exchanger. Although a system that contributes to frost has also been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 2), there has been a problem that the temperature of the battery becomes too cold during defrosting.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional technical problem, and prevents a compressor mounted on a vehicle while preventing damage to a compressor due to liquid compression when defrosting an outdoor heat exchanger. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle air conditioner that can prevent a temperature control target from being too cold.

The vehicle air conditioner of the present invention is a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a radiator for heating the air supplied to the vehicle interior by releasing the refrigerant, and an outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle interior, The control device allows the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat by the radiator, reduce the pressure of the radiated refrigerant, and absorb heat by the outdoor heat exchanger to heat the vehicle interior. A temperature control target temperature control device for circulating a heat medium through the temperature control target mounted on the vehicle to adjust the temperature of the temperature control target. The temperature control device has a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the heat medium, and a heating device for heating the heat medium. The control device controls the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to the outdoor heat. After radiating heat in the exchanger and decompressing the radiated refrigerant, the refrigerant-heat Performing a defrosting operation in which the heat flows into the body heat exchanger and absorbs heat from the heat medium, and in this defrosting operation, the temperature of the temperature control target is controlled to be equal to or higher than a predetermined lower limit by a heating device. .

According to a second aspect of the invention, in the vehicle air conditioner, the control device controls the temperature of the temperature control target within an appropriate temperature range equal to or less than a predetermined upper limit and equal to or more than a lower limit in the defrosting operation. And

The air conditioner for a vehicle according to a third aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in each of the above inventions, the object to be temperature-controlled is a battery and / or a traveling motor.

A vehicle air conditioner according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes a heat absorber for cooling the air supplied to the vehicle interior by absorbing heat of the refrigerant in each of the above inventions, and the control device controls the refrigerant discharged from the compressor. After radiating the heat by the radiator and decompressing the radiated refrigerant, the heating operation of absorbing heat by the outdoor heat exchanger and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor were radiated by the radiator, and the radiated refrigerant was depressurized. After that, each air conditioning operation of a dehumidifying operation in which heat is absorbed by a heat absorber and a cooling operation in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by an outdoor heat exchanger, and the radiated refrigerant is decompressed and then absorbed by the heat absorber. In each of these air conditioning operations, the temperature of the temperature control target can be adjusted by flowing the refrigerant into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium. It is characterized by the following.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a vehicle according to the above invention, further comprising an accumulator connected to a refrigerant suction side of the compressor.

According to the present invention, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a radiator for radiating the refrigerant to heat air supplied to the vehicle interior, an outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle interior, and a control device are provided. By using this control device, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by a radiator, the radiated refrigerant is depressurized, and then the heat is absorbed by an outdoor heat exchanger so that the vehicle interior can be heated. The air-conditioning apparatus includes a temperature control target temperature adjustment device for circulating a heat medium through the temperature control target mounted on the vehicle to adjust the temperature of the temperature control target. The device has a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the heat medium, and a heating device for heating the heat medium, and the control device controls the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to an outdoor heat exchanger. And the pressure of the radiated refrigerant is reduced. Since the defrosting operation of flowing into the medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium is performed, the refrigerant is condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger with the outdoor heat exchanger as the high pressure side, and the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger Thus, a defrosting operation for evaporating the refrigerant can be performed.

Accordingly, when defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger, the liquid refrigerant is present on the high pressure side including the outdoor heat exchanger, and is connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor as in the invention of claim 5. Without increasing the capacity of the accumulator, it is possible to avoid the disadvantage that the compressor causes liquid compression and damage.

In particular, in the defrosting operation, the control device controls the temperature of the temperature control target to be equal to or higher than the predetermined lower limit value by the heating device of the temperature control target temperature adjustment device, so that the heat release of the temperature control target and While the heat of the heating device contributes to the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger, the inconvenience that the battery or the traveling motor as the object of temperature control as described in the third aspect of the present invention becomes too cold and malfunctions can be effectively solved. Will be able to do it.

Furthermore, if the control device controls the temperature of the temperature control target in the defrosting operation to be within a predetermined upper limit value and a lower limit value or more in the appropriate temperature range in the defrosting operation as described above, Prevents over-cooling and overheating and enables the device to function in an optimal state.

And a heat absorber for cooling the air supplied to the vehicle interior by absorbing heat of the refrigerant as in the invention of claim 4, wherein the control device causes the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat by the radiator, After the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced, the heating operation of absorbing heat in the outdoor heat exchanger is performed, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the radiator, and the radiated refrigerant is reduced in pressure and absorbed by the heat absorber. Dehumidifying operation, and radiating the refrigerant discharged from the compressor in the outdoor heat exchanger, reducing the temperature of the radiated refrigerant, and allowing each air conditioning operation of the cooling operation to absorb heat by the heat absorber to be executable, In each of these air-conditioning operations, the refrigerant is caused to flow into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbed from the heat medium, so that the temperature of the temperature-controlled object can be adjusted. Good temperature control target while It is possible to function in the state.

1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle air conditioner to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an air conditioning controller as a control device of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 1. It is a figure explaining the heating operation by the air-conditioning controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the dehumidifying heating operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an internal cycle operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a dehumidifying cooling operation / cooling operation by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a heating / temperature control target temperature control mode by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a dehumidifying cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode (cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode) by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an internal cycle / temperature control mode to be controlled by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a dehumidifying heating / temperature control target temperature control mode by the air conditioning controller of FIG. 2. It is a figure explaining the defrosting operation by the air-conditioning controller of FIG. It is a Ph diagram in the defrosting operation of FIG. It is a figure explaining the case where an outdoor heat exchanger carries out simple defrost. FIG. 14 is a Ph diagram for the simple defrosting of FIG. 13.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner 1 according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle according to the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is an electric vehicle (EV) without an engine (internal combustion engine). The vehicle has a battery 55 (for example, a lithium battery). The vehicle is driven and driven by supplying the charged electric power to a traveling motor (electric motor) 65. The vehicle air conditioner 1 is also driven by being supplied with power from the battery 55.

That is, the vehicle air conditioner 1 performs the heating operation by the heat pump operation using the refrigerant circuit R in the electric vehicle that cannot perform heating by the engine waste heat, and further performs the dehumidifying heating operation (the dehumidifying operation in the present invention) and the internal cycle. Air conditioning of the vehicle interior is performed by selectively executing each of the air-conditioning operations of the operation (also the dehumidifying operation of the present invention), the dehumidifying and cooling operation (also the dehumidifying operation of the present invention), and the cooling operation. It is needless to say that the present invention is effective not only for an electric vehicle as a vehicle but also for a so-called hybrid vehicle using an engine and an electric motor for traveling.

The vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment performs air conditioning (heating, cooling, dehumidification, and ventilation) in a passenger compartment of an electric vehicle, and an electric compressor (electric compressor) 2 that compresses a refrigerant. Is provided in the air flow passage 3 of the HVAC unit 10 through which the vehicle interior air is circulated, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows in through the refrigerant pipe 13G to radiate the refrigerant. A radiator 4 for heating the air supplied to the vehicle interior, an outdoor expansion valve 6 comprising an electric valve for reducing and expanding the refrigerant during heating, and a radiator for radiating the refrigerant during cooling and absorbing the refrigerant during heating An outdoor heat exchanger 7 for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the outside air to function as an evaporator to perform the operation, an indoor expansion valve 8 comprising an electric valve for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant, and provided in the air flow passage 3. Cooled and dehumidified A heat sink 9 for cooling the air supplied to the passenger compartment by absorbed by the refrigerant, the accumulator 12 and the like are sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe 13, the refrigerant circuit R is constituted by a cabin outside of. The outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 8 are capable of decompressing and expanding the refrigerant, and can be fully opened and fully closed.

The outdoor heat exchanger 7 is provided with an outdoor blower 15. The outdoor blower 15 exchanges heat between the outside air and the refrigerant by forcibly passing the outside air through the outdoor heat exchanger 7, so that the outdoor blower 15 can stop the outdoor operation even when the vehicle is stopped (that is, the vehicle speed is 0 km / h). It is configured such that outside air is passed through the heat exchanger 7.

The refrigerant pipe 13A connected to the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13B via a check valve 18. The check valve 18 has the refrigerant pipe 13B side directed forward, and the refrigerant pipe 13B is connected to the indoor expansion valve 8.

The refrigerant pipe 13A that has exited from the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is branched, and the branched refrigerant pipe 13D is a refrigerant pipe 13C that is located on the outlet side of the heat absorber 9 via an electromagnetic valve 21 that is opened during heating. Is connected to the A check valve 20 is connected to a refrigerant pipe 13C downstream of the connection point of the refrigerant pipe 13D, a refrigerant pipe 13C downstream of the check valve 20 is connected to the accumulator 12, and the accumulator 12 is connected to the compressor 2 Is connected to the refrigerant suction side. The check valve 20 has a forward direction on the accumulator 12 side.

Further, the refrigerant pipe 13E on the outlet side of the radiator 4 is branched into a refrigerant pipe 13J and a refrigerant pipe 13F just before the outdoor expansion valve 6 (upstream of the refrigerant), and one of the branched refrigerant pipes 13J is connected to the outdoor expansion valve 6F. Is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 via the The other branched refrigerant pipe 13F is connected to a refrigerant pipe 13B located downstream of the check valve 18 and upstream of the indoor expansion valve 8 via a solenoid valve 22 that is opened during dehumidification. Have been.

Thereby, the refrigerant pipe 13F is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the outdoor expansion valve 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the check valve 18, and the outdoor expansion valve 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the check valve are connected. 18 bypasses the circuit.

The air flow passage 3 on the upstream side of the heat absorber 9 is formed with an outside air suction port and an inside air suction port (represented by a suction port 25 in FIG. 1). 25 is provided with a suction switching damper 26 for switching the air introduced into the air flow passage 3 between inside air (inside air circulation) as air inside the vehicle compartment and outside air (introduction of outside air) as air outside the vehicle compartment. Further, an indoor blower (blower fan) 27 for supplying the introduced inside air or outside air to the air flow passage 3 is provided downstream of the suction switching damper 26 in the air.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 23 denotes an auxiliary heater as an auxiliary heating device. The auxiliary heater 23 is formed of a PTC heater (electric heater) in the embodiment, and is provided in the air flow passage 3 on the downstream side of the radiator 4 with respect to the flow of air in the air flow passage 3. I have. When the auxiliary heater 23 is energized and generates heat, it becomes a so-called heater core, which complements the heating of the vehicle interior.

Further, the air (inside air or outside air) flowing into the air flow passage 3 and passing through the heat absorber 9 is radiated into the air flow passage 3 upstream of the radiator 4 in the air. An air mix damper 28 is provided for adjusting the rate of air flow to the heater 4 and the auxiliary heater 23. Further, FOOT (foot), VENT (vent), and DEF (def) outlets (represented by the outlet 29 in FIG. 1) are formed in the air flow passage 3 downstream of the radiator 4 in the air. The air outlet 29 is provided with an air outlet switching damper 31 for controlling the air blowing from each of the air outlets.

Further, the vehicle air conditioner 1 includes a temperature-regulated target temperature adjusting device 61 for circulating a heat medium through the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65. I have. That is, in the embodiment, the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are temperature controlled objects mounted on the vehicle. It should be noted that the traveling motor 65 as an object to be temperature-controlled in the present invention is not limited to the electric motor itself, but includes an electric device such as an inverter circuit for driving the electric motor.

The temperature adjustment device 61 to be heated according to the embodiment includes a circulation pump 62 as a circulation device for circulating a heat medium through the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65, a first heat medium heater 66A as a heating device, and a first heat medium heater 66A. A heat medium heating heater 66B and a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 are provided, and the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are connected to each other by a heat medium pipe 68.

In the case of this embodiment, the inlet of the heat medium passage 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is connected to the discharge side of the circulation pump 62, and the outlet of the heat medium passage 64A is connected to the heat medium pipe 68A and the heat medium pipe. It branches to 68B. A series circuit of the first electromagnetic valve 81, the first heat medium heater 66A, and the battery 55 as a flow path control device is connected to the heat medium pipe 68A, and the heat medium pipe 68B is connected to the heat medium pipe 68B. A series circuit of the second solenoid valve 82, the second heat medium heater 66B, and the traveling motor 65 is connected. Then, the heat medium pipe 68A on the outlet side of the battery 55 and the heat medium pipe 68A on the outlet side of the traveling motor 65 merge, and are then connected to the suction side of the circulation pump 62. Each of the solenoid valves 81 and 82 may be constituted by an electric valve whose flow rate can be adjusted.

As the heat medium used in the temperature control device 61, for example, water, a refrigerant such as HFO-1234yf, a liquid such as a coolant, or a gas such as air can be adopted. In the embodiment, water is used as the heat medium. Each of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B is configured by an electric heater such as a PTC heater. Further, a jacket structure is provided around the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 so that, for example, a heat medium can flow through the heat exchange relationship with the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65.

When the circulation pump 62 is operated in a state where the solenoid valves 81 and 82 are open, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the heat medium passage 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. . The heat medium that has flowed out of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is divided, and one of the divided heat medium reaches the first heat medium heater 66A via the first solenoid valve 81. When the first heat medium heater 66A generates heat, it is heated there, and then reaches the battery 55, where the heat medium exchanges heat with the battery 55. The other divided heat medium reaches the second heat medium heater 66B via the second solenoid valve 82. If the second heat medium heater 66B is heated, it is heated there, and then the traveling motor is driven. At 65, the heat medium exchanges heat with the traveling motor 65 there. The heat medium that has exchanged heat with the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 is merged and then sucked into the circulation pump 62 to be circulated in the heat medium pipe 68. When the first electromagnetic valve 81 is closed, the heat medium does not flow to the battery 55, and when the second electromagnetic valve 82 is closed, the heat medium does not flow to the traveling motor 65.

On the other hand, an outlet of the refrigerant pipe 13F of the refrigerant circuit R, that is, a refrigerant pipe 13B located on the refrigerant downstream side of the connection portion between the refrigerant pipe 13F and the refrigerant pipe 13B and located on the refrigerant upstream side of the indoor expansion valve 8 is branched. One end of a branch pipe 72 as a circuit is connected. The branch pipe 72 is provided with an auxiliary expansion valve 73 constituted by an electric valve. The auxiliary expansion valve 73 is capable of decompressing and expanding the refrigerant flowing into a refrigerant flow path 64B, which will be described later, of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and is also capable of being fully closed.

The other end of the branch pipe 72 is connected to the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64, and one end of the refrigerant pipe 74 is connected to the outlet of the refrigerant flow path 64B. The other end is connected to a refrigerant pipe 13C downstream of the check valve 20 and upstream of the accumulator 12 (upstream of the refrigerant). The auxiliary expansion valve 73 and the like also constitute a part of the refrigerant circuit R and also constitute a part of the temperature adjustment target temperature adjusting device 61.

When the auxiliary expansion valve 73 is open, the refrigerant (a part or all of the refrigerant) flowing out of the refrigerant pipe 13F or the outdoor heat exchanger 7 flows into the branch pipe 27 and is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73. -It flows into the refrigerant passage 64B of the heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates there. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path 64A in the process of flowing through the refrigerant flow path 64B, and is then sucked into the compressor 2 via the accumulator 12.

Next, in FIG. 2, reference numeral 32 denotes an air conditioning controller 32 as a control device that controls the air conditioner 1 for a vehicle. The air-conditioning controller 32 is connected via a vehicle communication bus 45 to a vehicle controller 35 (ECU) that controls the entire vehicle including drive control of the traveling motor 65 and charge / discharge control of the battery 55, and transmits and receives information. It has a configuration. Each of the air conditioning controller 32 and the vehicle controller 35 (ECU) is configured by a microcomputer as an example of a computer having a processor.

The inputs of the air-conditioning controller 32 (control device) include an outside air temperature sensor 33 for detecting the outside air temperature (Tam) of the vehicle, an outside air humidity sensor 34 for detecting the outside air humidity, and a suction from the air inlet 25 into the air flow passage 3. HVAC suction temperature sensor 36 for detecting the temperature of the air, inside air temperature sensor 37 for detecting the temperature of the air (inside air) in the cabin, inside air humidity sensor 38 for detecting the humidity of the air in the cabin, An indoor CO ₂ concentration sensor 39 for detecting carbon concentration,
An outlet temperature sensor 41 for detecting the temperature of the air blown into the passenger compartment from the outlet 29, a discharge pressure sensor 42 for detecting the discharge refrigerant pressure (discharge pressure Pd) of the compressor 2, and a discharge refrigerant temperature of the compressor 2 , A suction temperature sensor 44 for detecting a suction refrigerant temperature of the compressor 2, a temperature of the radiator 4 (a temperature of the air passing through the radiator 4, or a temperature of the radiator 4 itself: heat radiation). A radiator temperature sensor 46 for detecting the radiator temperature TCI) and a radiator for detecting the refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4 (pressure of the refrigerant in the radiator 4 or immediately after leaving the radiator 4: radiator pressure PCI). A pressure sensor 47, a heat absorber temperature sensor 48 for detecting the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (the temperature of the air passing through the heat absorber 9, or the temperature of the heat absorber 9 itself: the heat absorber temperature Te), and the refrigerant pressure of the heat absorber 9 (Inside or out of the heat absorber 9 Heat sensor pressure sensor 49 for detecting the pressure of the subsequent refrigerant, a photosensor-type solar radiation sensor 51 for detecting the amount of solar radiation into the vehicle interior, and a vehicle speed for detecting the moving speed (vehicle speed) of the vehicle. A sensor 52, an air-conditioning operation unit 53 for setting a set temperature and switching of an air-conditioning operation, and a temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (a temperature of the refrigerant immediately after exiting from the outdoor heat exchanger 7, or an outdoor heat exchanger) 7 itself: the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO. When the outdoor heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator, the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 7). A temperature sensor 54 for the exchanger and a pressure sensor 56 for the outdoor heat exchanger for detecting the refrigerant pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (the pressure of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 or immediately after leaving the outdoor heat exchanger 7). Each output is connected.

The input of the air-conditioning controller 32 further includes the temperature of the battery 55 (the temperature of the battery 55 itself, the temperature of the heat medium that has exited the battery 55, or the temperature of the heat medium that enters the battery 55: battery temperature Tb). A battery temperature sensor 76 for detecting, a heat medium heater temperature sensor 77 for detecting the temperature of the heat medium heater 66 (the temperature of the heat medium heater 66 itself, and the temperature of the heat medium exiting the heat medium heater 66); The temperature of the traveling motor 65 (the temperature of the traveling motor 65 itself, the temperature of the heat medium that has exited the traveling motor 65, or the temperature of the heating medium that enters the traveling motor 65: the traveling motor temperature Tm) is detected. Each output of the running motor temperature sensor 78 is also connected.

On the other hand, the outputs of the air conditioning controller 32 include the compressor 2, the outdoor blower 15, the indoor blower (blower fan) 27, the suction switching damper 26, the air mix damper 28, the air outlet switching damper 31, the outdoor The expansion valve 6, the indoor expansion valve 8, the electromagnetic valves 22 (dehumidifying), the electromagnetic valves 21 (heating), the auxiliary heater 23, the circulation pump 62, the first and second heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, The auxiliary expansion valve 73 and the first and second solenoid valves 81 and 82 are connected. The air-conditioning controller 32 controls these based on the outputs of the sensors, the settings input by the air-conditioning operation unit 53, and information from the vehicle controller 35.

Next, the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment having the above configuration will be described. In the embodiment, the air-conditioning controller 32 (control device) switches among air-conditioning operations of a heating operation, a dehumidifying and heating operation (dehumidifying operation), an internal cycle operation (dehumidifying operation), a dehumidifying cooling operation (dehumidifying operation), and a cooling operation. In addition, the temperature of the battery 55 (the object to be temperature-controlled) and the temperature of the traveling motor 65 (the object to be temperature-controlled) are adjusted within a predetermined appropriate temperature range in the embodiment. First, each air conditioning operation of the refrigerant circuit R of the vehicle air conditioner 1 during operation of the vehicle will be described.

(1) Heating operation First, the heating operation will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the heating operation (solid line arrow). When the heating operation is selected by the air conditioning controller 32 (auto mode) or the manual operation (manual mode) of the air conditioning operation unit 53, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the solenoid valve 21 (for heating), and the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed. Further, the solenoid valve 22 (for dehumidification) is closed.

Then, the compressor 2 and each of the blowers 15 and 27 are operated, and the air mix damper 28 is in a state of adjusting the ratio of the air blown from the indoor blower 27 to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow path 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air flow path 3 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4, while the refrigerant in the radiator 4 gives heat to the air. It is taken away, cooled, and condensed and liquefied.

(4) The refrigerant liquefied in the radiator 4 exits the radiator 4 and reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 via the refrigerant pipes 13E and 13J. The refrigerant flowing into the outdoor expansion valve 6 is decompressed there, and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates, and draws heat by traveling or from outside air passed through the outdoor blower 15 (heat absorption). That is, the refrigerant circuit R serves as a heat pump. Then, the low-temperature refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 passes through the refrigerant pipe 13A, the refrigerant pipe 13D, and the solenoid valve 21, and then enters the accumulator 12 from the refrigerant pipe 13C through the check valve 20, where it is separated into gas and liquid. The circulation in which the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2 is repeated. The air heated by the radiator 4 is blown out from the air outlet 29, thereby heating the vehicle interior.

The air-conditioning controller 32 calculates a target radiator pressure PCO (a target value of the pressure PCI of the radiator 4) from a target heater temperature TCO (a target value of the air temperature on the leeward side of the radiator 4) calculated from a target outlet temperature TAO described later. Is controlled, and the number of revolutions of the compressor 2 is controlled based on the target radiator pressure PCO and the refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4 (radiator pressure PCI; high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47. And controlling the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 based on the temperature of the radiator 4 (radiator temperature TCI) detected by the radiator temperature sensor 46 and the radiator pressure PCI detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47, The supercooling degree of the refrigerant at the outlet of the radiator 4 is controlled. Although the target heater temperature TCO is basically set to TCO = TAO, a predetermined restriction on control is provided. If the heating capacity of the radiator 4 is insufficient, the auxiliary heater 23 is energized to generate heat, thereby supplementing the heating capacity.

(2) Dehumidifying and heating operation Next, a dehumidifying and heating operation as one of the dehumidifying operations will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid arrow) in the dehumidifying and heating operation. In the dehumidifying and heating operation, the air-conditioning controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 22 and opens the indoor expansion valve 8 in the state of the heating operation to decompress and expand the refrigerant. Thereby, a part of the condensed refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13E through the radiator 4 is diverted, and the diverted refrigerant flows into the refrigerant pipe 13F via the electromagnetic valve 22, and flows from the refrigerant pipe 13B to the indoor expansion valve 8. Then, the remaining refrigerant flows to the outdoor expansion valve 6. That is, a part of the divided refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 8 and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate.

The air conditioning controller 32 controls the opening degree of the indoor expansion valve 8 so as to maintain the degree of superheat (SH) of the refrigerant at the outlet of the heat absorber 9 at a predetermined value. As the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 condenses on the heat absorber 9 and adheres, the air is cooled and dehumidified. The remaining refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant pipe 13 </ b> J is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 6, and then evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 7.

The refrigerant evaporated by the heat absorber 9 flows out to the refrigerant pipe 13C and merges with the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 13D (the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 7), and then is sucked into the compressor 2 via the check valve 20 and the accumulator 12. Repeated circulation. Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidification and heating of the vehicle interior is performed.

The air conditioning controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the target radiator pressure PCO calculated from the target heater temperature TCO and the radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47. At the same time, the valve opening of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48.

(3) Internal Cycle Operation Next, an internal cycle operation, which is also one of the dehumidifying operations, will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the internal cycle operation (solid arrow). In the internal cycle operation, the air-conditioning controller 32 fully closes the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the dehumidifying and heating operation state (fully closed position). However, the solenoid valve 21 is kept open, and the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is communicated with the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 2. That is, this internal cycle operation is a state in which the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully closed by the control of the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the dehumidifying and heating operation, and therefore, this internal cycle operation can also be regarded as a part of the dehumidifying and heating operation.

However, when the outdoor expansion valve 6 is closed, the inflow of the refrigerant into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is prevented, so that the condensed refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13E via the radiator 4 passes through the electromagnetic valve 22 and the refrigerant. All the fluid flows into the pipe 13F. Then, the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13F reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 via the refrigerant pipe 13B. After the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced by the indoor expansion valve 8, the refrigerant flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. The moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorbing action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified.

(4) The refrigerant evaporated by the heat absorber 9 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13C, and repeats the circulation sucked into the compressor 2 via the check valve 20 and the accumulator 12. The air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4, thereby performing dehumidification and heating of the vehicle interior. In this internal cycle operation, the air circulation on the indoor side is performed. Since the refrigerant is circulated between the radiator 4 (radiation) and the heat absorber 9 (heat absorption) in the path 3, heat is not pumped from the outside air, and heating for the power consumed by the compressor 2 is performed. The ability is demonstrated. Since the entire amount of the refrigerant flows through the heat absorber 9 that exerts the dehumidifying action, the dehumidifying capacity is higher but the heating capacity is lower than in the dehumidifying and heating operation.

Although the outdoor expansion valve 6 is closed, the solenoid valve 21 is open, and the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 communicates with the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 2. The refrigerant flows out to the refrigerant pipe 13C via the refrigerant pipe 13D and the electromagnetic valve 21, is collected by the accumulator 12, and the inside of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is in a gas refrigerant state. Thereby, the amount of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit R is increased as compared with when the electromagnetic valve 21 is closed, and the heating capacity of the radiator 4 and the dehumidifying capacity of the heat absorber 9 can be improved.

(4) The air-conditioning controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) described above. At this time, the air-conditioning controller 32 controls the compressor 2 by selecting the lower one of the compressor target rotation speeds obtained from either the calculation based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the radiator pressure PCI.

(4) Dehumidifying / cooling operation Next, the dehumidifying / cooling operation as one of the dehumidifying operations will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R in the dehumidifying cooling operation (solid line arrow). In the dehumidifying / cooling operation, the air-conditioning controller 32 opens the indoor expansion valve 8 so that the refrigerant is decompressed and expanded, and closes the solenoid valves 21 and 22. Then, the compressor 2 and the blowers 15 and 27 are operated, and the air mix damper 28 is in a state of adjusting the rate at which the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 is blown to the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Since the air in the air flow path 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air flow path 3 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4, while the refrigerant in the radiator 4 gives heat to the air. It is taken away, cooled, and condensed and liquefied.

(4) The refrigerant that has exited the radiator 4 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 via the refrigerant pipe 13E, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 via the outdoor expansion valve 6 that is controlled to open. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is air-cooled and condensed there by traveling or by the outside air passed by the outdoor blower 15. The refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13B via the refrigerant pipe 13A and the check valve 18, and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8. After the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced by the indoor expansion valve 8, the refrigerant flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. The moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorbing action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified.

(4) The refrigerant evaporated by the heat absorber 9 reaches the accumulator 12 via the refrigerant pipe 13C and the check valve 20, and repeats the circulation through which the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2. The air that has been cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated (reheating: has a lower heat dissipation capacity than during heating) in the process of passing through the radiator 4, thereby performing dehumidification and cooling in the vehicle interior. become.

The air conditioning controller 32 sets the heat absorber temperature Te to the target heat absorber temperature TEO based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 and the target heat absorber temperature TEO as its target value. In addition to controlling the rotation speed of the compressor 2, the radiator pressure PCI (high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R) detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47 and the target radiator pressure PCO (radiator pressure) calculated from the target heater temperature TCO. The required reheat amount by the radiator 4 is obtained by controlling the valve opening of the outdoor expansion valve 6 so that the radiator pressure PCI becomes the target radiator pressure PCO based on the PCI target value).

(5) Cooling operation Next, the cooling operation will be described. The flow of the refrigerant circuit R is the same as in the dehumidifying cooling operation of FIG. In the cooling operation, the air conditioning controller 32 fully opens the outdoor expansion valve 6 in the state of the dehumidifying cooling operation. The air mix damper 28 is in a state of adjusting the rate at which air is passed through the radiator 4 and the auxiliary heater 23.

Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4. Although the air in the air flow passage 3 is ventilated to the radiator 4, the ratio thereof is small (only for reheating at the time of cooling). The refrigerant reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 via the refrigerant pipe 13E. At this time, since the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully opened, the refrigerant directly passes through the refrigerant pipe 13J via the outdoor expansion valve 6, flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and travels there or is ventilated by the outdoor blower 15. The air is cooled by the outside air and condensed and liquefied. The refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13B via the refrigerant pipe 13A and the check valve 18, and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8. After the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced by the indoor expansion valve 8, the refrigerant flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. At this time, the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9 due to the heat absorbing action, and the air is cooled.

(4) The refrigerant evaporated by the heat absorber 9 reaches the accumulator 12 via the refrigerant pipe 13C and the check valve 20, and repeats the circulation through which the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2. The air that has been cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is blown out from the outlet 29 into the vehicle interior, whereby the vehicle interior is cooled. In this cooling operation, the air conditioning controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heat absorber temperature Te) detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48.

(6) Switching of air-conditioning operation The air-conditioning controller 32 calculates the above-described target outlet temperature TAO from the following equation (I). The target outlet temperature TAO is a target value of the temperature of the air blown from the outlet 29 into the vehicle interior.
TAO = (Tset−Tin) × K + Tbal (f (Tset, SUN, Tam))
・ ・ (I)
Here, Tset is the temperature set in the cabin set by the air-conditioning operation unit 53, Tin is the temperature of the cabin air detected by the inside air temperature sensor 37, K is a coefficient, Tbal is the set temperature Tset, and the sunshine sensor 51 detects the temperature. This is a balance value calculated from the amount of solar radiation SUN to be performed and the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33. In general, the target outlet temperature TAO increases as the outside air temperature Tam decreases, and decreases as the outside air temperature Tam increases.

Then, at the time of startup, the air conditioning controller 32 selects one of the above air conditioning operations based on the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33 and the target outlet temperature TAO. After the start, each air-conditioning operation is selected and switched according to changes in the environment such as the outside air temperature Tam and the target blow-out temperature TAO and the set conditions.

(7) Temperature Adjustment of Temperature Control Target (Battery 55 and Traveling Motor 65) Next, referring to FIGS. 7 to 10, the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 (driven The temperature adjustment control for (temperature control target) will be described. Here, the temperature of the battery 55 changes due to the outside air temperature, and also changes due to self-heating. When the outside air temperature is a high temperature environment or a very low temperature environment, the temperature of the battery 55 becomes extremely high or extremely low, and charging and discharging becomes difficult. Similarly, the temperature of the traveling motor 65 may become extremely high or extremely low depending on the operation and environmental conditions, and the traveling motor 65 may malfunction and break down.

Therefore, the air conditioning controller 32 of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment adjusts the temperature of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 to a predetermined appropriate temperature by the temperature adjustment target temperature adjusting device 61 while performing the air conditioning operation as described above. Adjust within the range (operating temperature range). The appropriate temperature range of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 is generally known, but in this application, the appropriate temperature range of the battery 55 is, for example, 0 ° C or more and + 40 ° C or less. That is, the predetermined lower limit TL of the appropriate temperature range is 0 ° C., and the upper limit TH is + 40 ° C. The suitable temperature range of the traveling motor 65 is different from that of the battery 55. In this application, for example, the suitable temperature range of the traveling motor 65 is set to -15 ° C or more and + 60 ° C or less, and a predetermined lower limit of the appropriate temperature range is set. (−15 ° C.) is indicated by TL, and the upper limit (+ 60 ° C.) is indicated by TH.

(7-1) Heating / Temperature Control Target Temperature Control Mode In the heating operation described above, any one of the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 and the traveling motor temperature sensor 78 is set to the respective temperature. When it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 because the temperature deviates from the appropriate temperature range, the air-conditioning controller 32 executes the heating / temperature-controlled temperature control mode. FIG. 7 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid arrow) and the flow of the heat medium of the temperature adjustment target temperature controller 61 (dashed arrow) in the heating / temperature adjustment target temperature adjustment mode.

In the heating / temperature controlled target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 further opens the solenoid valve 22 and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 in the state of the heating operation of the refrigerant circuit R shown in FIG. Control state. Then, the circulating pump 62 of the temperature adjustment device 61 is controlled. As a result, part of the refrigerant that has flowed out of the radiator 4 is diverted on the upstream side of the refrigerant from the outdoor expansion valve 6, and reaches the upstream side of the indoor expansion valve 8 via the refrigerant pipe 13F. Next, the refrigerant enters the branch pipe 72, is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, flows into the refrigerant passage 64 B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 through the branch pipe 72, and evaporates. At this time, it exhibits an endothermic effect. The refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B repeats the circulation that is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 74, the refrigerant pipe 13C, and the accumulator 12 sequentially (indicated by a solid line arrow in FIG. 7).

On the other hand, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 reaches the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 in the heat medium pipe 68, where the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B, and the heat is absorbed. The medium is cooled. The heat medium that has exited the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is divided while the first and second solenoid valves 81 and 82 are open, and one of the divided heat medium is the second heat medium. After reaching the first heat medium heater 66A via the one electromagnetic valve 81, and heated there (when the first heat medium heater 66A generates heat), it reaches the battery 55 and exchanges heat with the battery 55. The other divided heat medium reaches the second heat medium heater 66B via the second solenoid valve 82, and is heated there (when the second heat medium heater 66B generates heat). And heat exchange with the traveling motor 65 is performed. After the heat medium that has exchanged heat with the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 joins, the circulation sucked by the circulation pump 62 is repeated (indicated by a broken arrow in FIG. 7).

For example, the air-conditioning controller 32 constantly supplies the refrigerant to the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and constantly cools the heat medium, while the battery temperature Tb detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 and the traveling motor temperature. Based on the traveling motor temperature Tm detected by the sensor 78 and the upper limit value TH and the lower limit value TL of the appropriate temperature range, heat generation of each of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and opening and closing of each of the electromagnetic valves 81 and 82. Is controlled so that the battery temperature Tb falls within the appropriate temperature range and the traveling motor temperature Tm falls within the appropriate temperature range (in that case, the heating / temperature controlled object is actually replaced with the heating operation). The temperature control mode is always executed, or the temperature control mode is switched between the heating operation and the heating / temperature control target temperature control mode).

For example, when the battery temperature Tb is higher than the upper limit value TH of the appropriate temperature range, the air-conditioning controller 32 opens the first solenoid valve 81 and cools the battery 55 by not causing the first heat medium heater 66A to generate heat. When Tb is lower than the lower limit value TL of the appropriate temperature range, the first solenoid valve 81 is opened, and the battery 55 is heated by causing the first heat medium heater 66A to generate heat.

When the traveling motor temperature Tm is higher than the upper limit value TH of the appropriate temperature range, the second solenoid valve 82 is opened, and the second heating medium heater 66B does not generate heat, thereby cooling the traveling motor 65, and When the motor temperature Tm is lower than the lower limit value TL of the appropriate temperature range, the traveling motor 65 is heated by opening the second solenoid valve 82 and causing the second heat medium heater 66B to generate heat. As a result, the temperature of the battery 55 (battery temperature Tb) detected by the battery temperature sensor 76 and the temperature of the travel motor 65 (travel motor temperature Tm) detected by the travel motor temperature sensor 78 fall within the respective appropriate temperature ranges. By adjusting, the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are controlled independently.

The electromagnetic valves 81 and 82 of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 which do not require temperature adjustment are closed, and the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B do not generate heat. The capacity of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and each of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B is based on the heat capacity of the battery 55 and the running motor 65 as a load, and the battery temperature Tb and the running motor are controlled as described above. Even when the heat medium flows through both of the temperatures Tm, the heat medium is set to a value that can be set within an appropriate temperature range. Thus, the air-conditioning controller 32 independently controls the temperature Tb of the battery 55 and the temperature Tm of the traveling motor 65 within an appropriate temperature range.

(7-2) Cooling / Temperature Control Target Temperature Control Mode Next, when it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 in the cooling operation described above, the air-conditioning controller 32 sets the cooling / temperature control mode. Execute the target temperature control mode. FIG. 8 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium of the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 (broken line arrow) in the cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode.

In the cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode, the air-conditioning controller 32 opens the auxiliary expansion valve 73 to control the opening degree of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 in the state of the refrigerant circuit R in the cooling operation in FIG. The circulation pump 62 of the temperature adjusting device 61 is also operated to bring the refrigerant and the heat medium into heat exchange in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.

As a result, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 via the radiator 4, where it exchanges heat with the outside air and traveling wind blown by the outdoor blower 15 to radiate heat and condense. I do. Part of the refrigerant condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 reaches the indoor expansion valve 8, where the pressure is reduced, and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate. Since the air in the air flow passage 3 is cooled by the heat absorbing action at this time, the vehicle interior is cooled.

The remainder of the refrigerant condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is diverted to the branch pipe 72, decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and then evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. Here, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the temperature control device 61, so that the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are cooled as described above. The refrigerant flowing out of the heat absorber 9 is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, the check valve 20, and the accumulator 12, and the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 also flows through the refrigerant pipe 74 into the accumulator 12. After that, it is sucked into the compressor 2.

In the cooling / temperature controlled object temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 replaces the cooling operation, or performs the cooling operation and the cooling / temperature controlled object temperature similarly to the heating / temperature controlled object temperature control mode described above. By switching the cooling mode or shifting from the cooling operation to the cooling / temperature controlled temperature control mode and controlling the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heating medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the solenoid valves 81 and 82, the battery The temperature of 55 (battery temperature Tb) and the temperature of running motor 65 (running motor temperature Tm) are adjusted (controlled) within respective appropriate temperature ranges.

(7-3) Dehumidifying Cooling / Temperature Control Target Temperature Control Mode Next, if it becomes necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 during the above-described dehumidifying cooling operation, the air conditioning controller 32 dehumidifies. The cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode is executed. The flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium of the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 (dashed arrow) in the dehumidifying / cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode are the same as those in FIG. However, the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled not to be fully opened but to be slightly opened. Then, similarly to the case of the cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 replaces the dehumidification cooling operation, or switches between the dehumidification cooling operation and the dehumidification cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode, or the dehumidification cooling. By shifting from the operation to the dehumidifying / cooling / temperature control target temperature control mode and controlling the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the solenoid valves 81 and 82, the battery temperature Tb and the running motor temperature are controlled. Tm is adjusted (controlled) within an appropriate temperature range.

(7-4) Internal Cycle / Temperature Control Target Temperature Control Mode Next, when it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 in the above-described internal cycle operation, the air-conditioning controller 32 / Execute the target temperature control mode. In the internal cycle / temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 opens the auxiliary expansion valve 73 to control the valve opening degree in the state of the refrigerant circuit R in the internal cycle operation shown in FIG. The circulating pump 62 of the adjustment target temperature adjusting device 61 is also operated to bring the refrigerant and the heat medium into heat exchange in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. FIG. 9 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid arrow) and the flow of the heat medium (dashed arrow) in the temperature adjustment target temperature controller 61 in the internal cycle / temperature adjustment mode.

Accordingly, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is radiated by the radiator 4 and then flows through the solenoid valve 22 to the refrigerant pipe 13F. Then, part of the refrigerant that has exited the refrigerant pipe 13F reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 via the refrigerant pipe 13B, where the pressure is reduced, and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate. The moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorbing action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified.

(4) The remainder of the refrigerant that has flowed out of the refrigerant pipe 13F is diverted to the branch pipe 72, decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and then evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. Here, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the temperature control device 61, so that the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are cooled as described above. The refrigerant flowing out of the heat absorber 9 is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, the check valve 20, and the accumulator 12, and the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 also flows through the refrigerant pipe 74 into the accumulator 12. After that, it is sucked into the compressor 2.

In this internal cycle / temperature control target temperature control mode, the air-conditioning controller 32 replaces the internal cycle operation or executes the internal cycle operation and the internal cycle / control target similarly to the case of the heating / temperature control target temperature control mode described above. The target temperature control mode is switched or the internal cycle operation is shifted to the internal cycle / temperature control target temperature control mode, and the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the solenoid valves 81 and 82 are switched. By controlling, the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are adjusted (controlled) within an appropriate temperature range.

(7-5) Dehumidifying and Heating / Temperature Control Target Temperature Control Mode Next, when it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the battery 55 or the traveling motor 65 in the above-described dehumidifying and heating operation, the air conditioning controller 32 operates / Execute the target temperature control mode. In the dehumidifying heating / temperature control target temperature control mode, the air-conditioning controller 32 opens the auxiliary expansion valve 73 and controls the opening degree of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 in the state of the refrigerant circuit R in the dehumidifying heating operation in FIG. The circulating pump 62 of the adjustment target temperature adjusting device 61 is also operated to bring the refrigerant and the heat medium into heat exchange in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. FIG. 10 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid line arrow) and the flow of the heat medium of the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 (broken line arrow) in the dehumidifying heating / temperature control target temperature control mode.

As a result, a part of the condensed refrigerant that has exited the radiator 4 is diverted, and the diverted refrigerant flows into the refrigerant pipe 13F via the electromagnetic valve 22, exits from the refrigerant pipe 13F, and a part of the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant pipe. From 13B, the refrigerant flows to the indoor expansion valve 8, and the remaining refrigerant flows to the outdoor expansion valve 6. That is, a part of the divided refrigerant is reduced in pressure by the indoor expansion valve 8, and then flows into the heat absorber 9 to evaporate. At this time, the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9 due to the heat absorbing action of the refrigerant generated in the heat absorber 9, so that the air is cooled and dehumidified. Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidification and heating of the vehicle interior is performed. The remainder of the condensed refrigerant that has flowed out of the radiator 4 is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valve 6, then evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and absorbs heat from the outside air.

On the other hand, the remainder of the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant pipe 13F flows into the branch pipe 72, is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, and then evaporates in the refrigerant flow path 64B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. Here, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the temperature control device 61, so that the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 are cooled as described above. The refrigerant flowing out of the heat absorber 9 is sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13C, the check valve 20, and the accumulator 12, and the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is refrigerant pipe 13D, the electromagnetic valve 21, and the refrigerant pipe. The refrigerant that has been drawn into the compressor 2 via the check valve 13 and the check valve 20 and the accumulator 12 and has exited the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is also drawn into the compressor 2 from the refrigerant pipe 74 via the accumulator 12.

In the dehumidifying heating / temperature control target temperature control mode, the air conditioning controller 32 replaces the dehumidification / heating operation, or performs the dehumidification heating operation and the dehumidification heating / control in the same manner as in the heating / temperature control target temperature control mode described above. The temperature control mode for the temperature control is switched, or the mode is switched from the dehumidifying / heating operation to the dehumidifying / heating / temperature control target temperature control mode. By controlling, the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are adjusted (controlled) within an appropriate temperature range.

(8) Defrosting Operation of Outdoor Heat Exchanger 7 Next, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by the air conditioning controller 32 will be described. As described above, since the outdoor heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator during the heating operation, moisture in the outside air grows as frost in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the heat exchange efficiency decreases. The air-conditioning controller 32 calculates the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase at the time of no frosting calculated from, for example, the outside air temperature Tam and the rotation speed of the compressor 2, etc., and calculates the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase at the time of no frosting and the outdoor temperature. The outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO detected by the heat exchanger temperature sensor 54 is constantly compared with the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO. The outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXO is lower than the outdoor heat exchanger temperature TXObase when no frost is formed, and the difference is a predetermined value. In the case described above, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is performed.

FIG. 11 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R (solid arrow) and the flow of the heat medium of the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61 (dashed arrow) in the defrosting operation. The air conditioning controller 32 operates the compressor 2 and the outdoor blower 15 stops. The indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed, and the auxiliary expansion valve 37 is opened to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant. The outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully opened. Further, the air conditioning controller 32 closes the solenoid valve 21 and stops the indoor blower 27. Then, the circulating pump 62 is operated to bring the refrigerant and the heat medium into heat exchange in the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64.

Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 from the refrigerant pipe 13E via the radiator 4. At this time, since the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully opened, the refrigerant passes through the refrigerant pipe 13J and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as it is. The outdoor heat exchanger 7 is defrosted by the high-temperature gas refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. After the refrigerant radiates heat to condense and liquefy, the refrigerant exits the outdoor heat exchanger 7.

The refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13B via the refrigerant pipe 13A. At this time, since the indoor expansion valve 8 is fully closed, all the refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is branched. It reaches the auxiliary expansion valve 73 via the pipe 72. After the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced by the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant passage 64 B of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 and evaporates. At this time, it exhibits an endothermic effect. The refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant flow path 64B repeats the circulation sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 74, the refrigerant pipe 13C, and the accumulator 12 sequentially. That is, in this defrosting operation, the refrigerant circuit R upstream of the auxiliary expansion valve 73 including the outdoor heat exchanger 7 on the refrigerant side is on the high pressure side.

On the other hand, in a state where the electromagnetic valves 81 and 82 are open, the heat medium discharged from the circulation pump 62 flows into the heat medium passage 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64. The heat medium that has flowed out of the heat medium flow path 64A of the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 is diverted. One of the divided heat medium reaches the first heat medium heater 66A via the first solenoid valve 81, and If the one heat medium heating heater 66A generates heat, it is heated there and then reaches the battery 55, where the heat medium exchanges heat with the battery 55. The other divided heat medium reaches the second heat medium heater 66B via the second solenoid valve 82. If the second heat medium heater 66B is heated, it is heated there, and then the traveling motor is driven. At 65, the heat medium exchanges heat with the traveling motor 65 there. After the heat medium that has exchanged heat with the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 is merged, the heat medium is sucked into the circulation pump 62 and circulated in the heat medium pipe 68 (indicated by a broken arrow in FIG. 11).

The air-conditioning controller 32 controls the auxiliary expansion valve 73, the heating medium heaters 66A and 66B, and the electromagnetic valves 81 and 82 in this defrosting operation, as in the case of the above-described heating / temperature-control target temperature control mode. By doing so, the temperature of the battery 55 (battery temperature Tb) and the temperature of the traveling motor 65 (traveling motor temperature Tm) are adjusted within an appropriate temperature range, and the battery temperature Tb and the traveling motor temperature Tm are controlled independently. . This prevents the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 from being too cold or overheated.

FIG. 12 shows a Ph diagram of the refrigerant circuit R in the defrosting operation. A line indicated by X1 in FIG. 12 is a region that contributes to the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (the same applies to FIG. 14). Here, FIG. 13 shows the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit R when performing so-called simple defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 instead of the defrosting operation, and FIG. 14 shows a Ph diagram in that case. . In this simple defrosting, the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is slightly reduced, the electromagnetic valve 21 is opened, the electromagnetic valve 22 is closed, and the indoor expansion valve 8 and the auxiliary expansion valve 73 are fully closed. Then, the compressor 2 is operated.

Accordingly, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 passes through the radiator 4 and reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 from the refrigerant pipe 13E. Here, the refrigerant is slightly throttled and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 via the refrigerant pipe 13J. Then, the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is defrosted by the relatively high-temperature gas refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7. Here, the refrigerant radiates heat, but leaves the outdoor heat exchanger 7 in a gas state. Then, the refrigerant passes through the check valves 20 via the refrigerant pipes 13A and 13D and the electromagnetic valve 21, and enters the accumulator 12 via the refrigerant pipe 13C. Then, it is sucked into the compressor 2.

In such simple defrosting, the downstream side of the refrigerant from the outdoor expansion valve 6 is on the low pressure side, and the entire refrigerant circuit R becomes gas refrigerant, so that a large amount of refrigerant is left over, and the liquid refrigerant overflows from the accumulator 12. In addition, there is a danger that the compressor 2 may be damaged by liquid compression.

On the other hand, in the case of the defrosting operation of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the refrigerant is condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 with the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as the high pressure side, and the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 64 The refrigerant can be evaporated. Accordingly, when defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the liquid refrigerant is present on the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit R including the outdoor heat exchanger 7, so that the liquid refrigerant can be supplied without increasing the capacity of the accumulator 12. It is possible to prevent or suppress the refrigerant from overflowing from the accumulator 12, and it is possible to prevent a disadvantage that the compressor 2 causes liquid compression and damage.

In particular, in the present invention, in this defrosting operation, the air conditioning controller 32 determines the temperature of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 as the temperature control target by the respective heating medium heaters 66A and 66B of the temperature control target temperature adjusting device 61. Of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 and the heat of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B are removed from the outdoor heat exchanger 7 by adjusting the temperature within a suitable temperature range not more than the upper limit value and not less than the lower limit value. While contributing to frost, the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 can be prevented from being too cold or overheated, and can function in an optimal state.

Further, in the embodiment, in each of the air conditioning operations of the heating operation, the dehumidifying heating operation (dehumidifying operation), the internal cycle operation (dehumidifying operation), the dehumidifying cooling operation (dehumidifying operation), and the cooling operation, the refrigerant is used as the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger. The temperature of the battery 55 and the running motor 65 can be adjusted by flowing heat into the heating medium 64 and absorbing heat from the heat medium. It can function in a good state.

In the embodiment, the temperatures of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 (the object to be temperature-controlled) are controlled within an appropriate temperature range. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The control may be performed at TL or more. In this case as well, the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 become too cold while the exhaust heat of the battery 55 and the traveling motor 65 and the heat of the heat medium heaters 66A and 66B contribute to the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7. The inconvenience of malfunction can be effectively eliminated.

Further, the configuration of the air conditioning controller 32 described in the embodiment, the configuration of the refrigerant circuit R of the vehicle air conditioner 1 and the configuration of the temperature adjustment target temperature adjustment device 61 are not limited thereto, and do not depart from the gist of the present invention. Needless to say, it can be changed within the range.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle air conditioner 2 Compressor 4 Radiator 6 Outdoor expansion valve 7 Outdoor heat exchanger 8 Indoor expansion valve 9 Heat absorber 21, 22 Solenoid valve 32 Air conditioning controller (control device)
55 Battery (for temperature control)
61 Temperature control device for temperature control 62 Circulation pump 64 Refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger 65 Motor for traveling (Target for temperature control)
66A first heating medium heater (heating device)
66B 2nd heating medium heater (heating device)
72 Branch piping (branch circuit)
73 auxiliary expansion valve 81 first solenoid valve 82 second solenoid valve

Claims (5)

1. A compressor for compressing the refrigerant,
   A radiator for heating the air supplied into the vehicle cabin by radiating the refrigerant,
   An outdoor heat exchanger provided outside the vehicle compartment;
   Equipped with a control device,
   By the control device, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the radiator, the radiated refrigerant is depressurized, and the vehicle interior can be heated by absorbing heat in the outdoor heat exchanger. In the air conditioner for vehicles
   A temperature control target temperature adjusting device for circulating a heat medium through the temperature control target mounted on the vehicle to adjust the temperature of the temperature control target;
   The temperature control target temperature control device includes a refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the heat medium, and a heating device for heating the heat medium,
   The controller radiates the refrigerant discharged from the compressor in the outdoor heat exchanger, and after decompressing the radiated refrigerant, flows the refrigerant into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger, from the heat medium. While performing the defrosting operation to absorb heat,
   In the defrosting operation, the heating device controls the temperature of the temperature control target to be equal to or higher than a predetermined lower limit value.
2. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the control device controls the temperature of the temperature control target within an appropriate temperature range equal to or lower than a predetermined upper limit and equal to or higher than the lower limit in the defrosting operation. apparatus.
3. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature control target is a battery and / or a running motor.
4. A heat absorber for cooling the air supplied to the vehicle interior by absorbing the refrigerant,
   The control device includes:
   The refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the radiator, the radiated refrigerant is depressurized, and then the heating operation of absorbing heat in the outdoor heat exchanger is performed, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is discharged. After radiating the heat by the radiator and decompressing the radiated refrigerant, the dehumidifying operation of absorbing the heat by the heat absorber, and radiating the refrigerant discharged from the compressor by the outdoor heat exchanger to radiate the heat. After the pressure of the refrigerant has been reduced, each air conditioning operation of the cooling operation for absorbing heat by the heat absorber can be switched and executed,
   In each of the air conditioning operations, the temperature of the temperature-controlled object can be adjusted by flowing the refrigerant into the refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and absorbing heat from the heat medium. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an accumulator connected to a refrigerant suction side of the compressor.

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