WO2018142778A1 - 粉末冶金用混合粉、焼結体、および焼結体の製造方法 - Google Patents
粉末冶金用混合粉、焼結体、および焼結体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
- C22C1/053—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds
- C22C1/055—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds using carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixed powder for powder metallurgy (mixed powder for powder metallurgy), and more particularly to a mixed powder for powder metallurgy having excellent compressibility.
- the present invention also relates to a sintered body using the mixed powder for powder metallurgy and a method for producing the sintered body.
- Powder metallurgy technology is a technique that can form parts with complex shapes into shapes that are very close to the product shape (so-called near net shape molding), and that can be manufactured with high dimensional accuracy. Powder metallurgy technology greatly increases cutting costs. Can be reduced. Therefore, powder metallurgy products are used in various fields as various machines and parts.
- an alloy element having an effect of improving the hardenability is added to the iron-based powder.
- (1) pre-alloyed steel powder (partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder) and (2) partial diffusion alloy steel powder (partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder) are known. Yes.
- Prealloyed steel powder is a powder obtained by fully alloying alloying elements in advance.
- segregation of alloy elements can be completely prevented, so that the structure of the sintered body becomes uniform.
- complete alloying causes solid solution hardening over the entire grains of the powder, so that the compressibility of the powder is low, and as a result, there is a problem that the molding density is difficult to increase during press molding.
- Partially diffused alloy steel powder is a powder obtained by partially adhering and diffusing each alloying element powder on the surface of pure iron powder or prealloyed steel powder.
- Partially diffused alloy steel powder is obtained by mixing a metal powder of an alloy element or its oxide with pure iron powder or prealloyed steel powder and heating it in a non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. It is manufactured by diffusion bonding of alloying element powder to the surface of prealloyed steel powder.
- the partially diffused alloy steel powder since the structure can be made relatively uniform, the mechanical properties of the product can be stabilized as in the case of using the prealloyed steel powder.
- partially diffused alloy steel powder has a portion that does not contain alloying elements or has a small amount of alloying elements inside, so it has superior compressibility during press forming compared to prealloyed steel powder. ing.
- Mo having an effect of improving hardenability is widely used as a basic alloy component used in the above prealloyed steel powder and partially diffused alloy steel powder.
- Mo, Mn, Cr, Si, and the like are known as alloy elements having an effect of improving hardenability, but since Mo is relatively difficult to oxidize among these elements, it is possible to produce alloy steel powder. This is because it is easy.
- pre-alloyed steel powder can be easily manufactured by making molten steel added with Mo as an alloy element into powder by a water atomizing method and subjecting it to final reduction in a normal hydrogen atmosphere.
- a partial diffusion alloy steel powder can be easily produced by mixing Mo oxide with pure iron powder or alloy steel powder and subjecting it to finish reduction in a normal hydrogen atmosphere.
- Mo having an effect of improving hardenability
- the formation of ferrite is suppressed during the quenching process, bainite or martensite is generated, and the matrix phase is strengthened by transformation.
- Mo distributes to the mother phase and strengthens the mother phase in solid solution, and forms fine carbides in the mother phase to strengthen the mother phase by precipitation.
- Mo has a gas carburizing property and is a non-grain boundary oxidizing element, and therefore has an effect of strengthening carburizing.
- alloy steel powder using Mo examples include, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an alloy steel powder in which Mo is further diffused and adhered to the surface of a pre-alloy steel powder containing Mo as an alloy element.
- Patent Document 2 it is proposed to apply a twice-forming-twice-sintering method in order to further improve the strength of the sintered body when using Mo pre-alloyed steel powder.
- the alloy steel powder is once molded and pre-sintered, and then molding and main sintering are performed again.
- One measure to increase the strength of iron-based powder press-molded products and iron-based powder sintered products is to increase the density.
- the density By increasing the density, the rearrangement of iron powder particles progresses, the void volume ratio inside the molded product decreases, and the area where iron powder particles come into contact with each other increases.
- Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact value, and fatigue strength of iron-based powder sintered products are improved.
- partially diffused alloy steel powder is used.
- partially diffused alloy steel powder has a part (hereinafter referred to as “low alloy part”) containing no alloying element or a small amount of alloying element inside the particle.
- the compressibility can be further improved by increasing the proportion of the low alloy portion, it is necessary to diffuse and attach a certain amount of alloy elements in order to bring the characteristics such as hardenability into a desired range. Therefore, the proportion of the low alloy part cannot be increased beyond a certain level, and therefore sufficient compressibility cannot be ensured.
- This invention is made
- an object of this invention is to provide the sintered compact using the said mixed powder for powder metallurgy, and its manufacturing method.
- the present inventors obtained the following knowledge as a result of studies to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- the root of high compressibility in the partially diffused alloy steel powder is a low alloy part existing inside the particles constituting the partially diffused alloy steel powder, that is, a part that does not contain alloy elements or has a small amount of alloy elements.
- the low alloy part the solid solution strengthening by the alloy element is small, and deformation is easy during press forming.
- the alloy element diffuses and adheres to the surface of the particle, the alloy element concentration is high and deformation is difficult.
- the partially diffused alloy steel powder has a property that the surface is difficult to deform and the inside is easily deformed.
- the partial diffusion alloy steel powder is more likely to rearrange the particles than the pre-alloy powder, so that the molding density is likely to increase.
- the shape of the particles whose surface exists around the inside rather than the inside of the particles It is desirable that it can be deformed in accordance with.
- the particle surface contains an alloy component, so that the above-described particle surface cannot be soft.
- the present inventors have conceived to use an iron-based powder not containing Mo and an alloy steel powder containing Mo instead of softening the particle surface.
- the iron-based powder having a low hardness and containing no Mo the compressibility at the time of press molding is improved even in the normal one-time molding, and the first molding is also performed in the two-time molding-two-time sintering method. Even if the alloy element is diffused by sintering, a portion not containing Mo remains sufficiently, so that high compressibility is maintained even in the second molding.
- the amount of the iron-based powder not containing Mo is too small, such an effect is insufficient, and conversely if too large, the mechanical properties are degraded.
- the present invention has been conceived as a result of various studies on conditions that can achieve both compressibility and mechanical properties. That is, the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows.
- a powder mixture for powder metallurgy (A) an iron-based powder containing Si: 0 to 0.2% by mass and Mn: 0 to 0.4% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and (b) Mo: 2.0 to 21. Alloy steel powder containing 0% by mass, Si: 0 to 0.2% by mass and Mn: 0 to 0.4% by mass, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, Containing
- the ratio of (b) alloy steel powder to the total of (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder is 50 to 90% by mass
- a mixed powder for powder metallurgy, wherein the ratio of Mo to the total of (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder is 2.2 to 6.2% by mass.
- (E) contains a lubricant, The ratio of (e) lubricant to the total of (a) iron-based powder, (b) alloy steel powder, (c) Cu powder, and (d) graphite powder is 0.2 to 1.5 mass%. 3. Mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to 2 above.
- a method for producing a sintered body wherein the mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to any one of the above 1 to 3 is molded and sintered to obtain a sintered body.
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to the present invention is superior in compressibility to conventional partially diffusion alloy steel powder, and is not limited to the normal one-time molding-one-time sintering method but also the two-time molding-two-time sintering method.
- a press-molded product having a high molding density can be obtained.
- strength can be obtained.
- mixed powder for powder metallurgy in one embodiment of the present invention contains (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder as essential components.
- iron-based powder As the iron-based powder, an iron-based metal powder containing Si: 0 to 0.2% and Mn: 0 to 0.4%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities is used.
- the iron-based powder has an effect of ensuring compressibility during press forming by mixing with the (b) alloy steel powder. Therefore, it is desirable that the iron-based powder is as soft as possible. If an element other than Fe is contained in the iron-based powder, it causes a decrease in compressibility. Therefore, iron powder composed of Fe and inevitable impurities (also referred to as “pure iron powder”) is used as the iron-based powder. It is preferable.
- general iron-based powder contains Si and Mn as impurities.
- Si and Mn are elements having an effect of improving hardenability in addition to an effect of improving strength by solid solution strengthening. Therefore, when Si and Mn are included, the strength of the sintered body may be improved depending on the cooling conditions and quenching / tempering conditions when sintering the press-molded product, which may be advantageous. is there.
- the iron-based powder is allowed to contain one or both of Si and Mn within the range described below.
- Si 0 to 0.2% Si is an element having an effect of improving the strength of steel by improving hardenability and solid solution strengthening.
- the Si content in the iron-based powder exceeds 0.2%, the generation of oxide increases, the compressibility decreases, and the oxide becomes a starting point of fracture in the sintered body, resulting in fatigue strength. And reduce toughness. Therefore, the Si content of the iron-based powder is 0.2% or less.
- the Si content is low from the viewpoint of compressibility, and therefore the Si content may be 0%. Therefore, the Si content of the iron-based powder is 0% or more.
- Mn 0 to 0.4% Mn, like Si, is an element that has the effect of improving the strength of steel by improving hardenability and strengthening solid solution.
- Mn content in the iron-based powder exceeds 0.4%, the generation of oxides increases, the compressibility decreases, and the oxides become the starting point of fracture in the sintered body, resulting in fatigue strength. And reduce toughness. Therefore, the Mn content of the iron-based powder is 0.4% or less.
- the Mn content of the iron-based powder is 0% or more.
- the amount of inevitable impurities contained in the iron-based powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% by mass or less in total, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and 0.3% by mass More preferably, it is as follows.
- the P content is preferably 0.020% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the O content is preferably 0.20% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.0015% or less.
- the Al content is preferably 0.001% or less.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the alloy steel powder contains Mo: 2.0 to 21.0%, Si: 0 to 0.2% and Mn: 0 to 0.4%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable Use alloy steel powder which is an impurity.
- the alloy steel powder has a role of supplying Mo which is an alloy element.
- Mo 2.0-21.0%
- Mo is difficult to oxidize and can be reduced to the same extent as Fe. Therefore, alloy steel powder containing Mo can be manufactured relatively easily.
- Mo in addition to the effect of strengthening the parent phase during the quenching process due to the effect of improving hardenability, the effect of partitioning into the mother phase to strengthen the solid phase, and forming fine carbides in the parent phase It has the effect of precipitation strengthening the matrix.
- Mo has a carburizing property and is a non-grain boundary oxidizing element, and therefore has an effect of strengthening carburizing. Therefore, Mo is very useful as a strengthening element.
- the Mo content as a whole powder metallurgy mixed powder is lower than the original alloy steel powder.
- the ratio of the alloy steel powder is 50 to 90% as will be described later.
- the Mo content is 1 ⁇ 2 to 9/10.
- the Mo content of the alloy steel powder is set to 2.0% or more. If the Mo content is less than 2.0%, the effect of Mo as a reinforcing element cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the Mo content of the alloy steel powder exceeds 21.0%, the toughness decreases. Therefore, the Mo content of the alloy steel powder is 21.0% or less.
- alloy steel powder contains Si and Mn as impurities.
- Si and Mn are elements having an effect of improving hardenability in addition to an effect of improving strength by solid solution strengthening. Therefore, when Si and Mn are included, the strength of the sintered body may be improved depending on the cooling conditions and quenching / tempering conditions when sintering the press-molded product, which may be advantageous. is there.
- the alloy steel powder is allowed to contain one or both of Si and Mn within the range described below.
- Si 0 to 0.2% Si is an element having an effect of improving the strength of steel by improving hardenability and solid solution strengthening.
- the Si content in the alloy steel powder exceeds 0.2%, the generation of oxides increases, the compressibility decreases, and the oxides become the starting point of fracture in the sintered body, resulting in fatigue strength. And reduce toughness. Therefore, the Si content of the alloy steel powder is 0.2% or less.
- the Si content is set to 0% or more.
- Mn 0 to 0.4% Mn, like Si, is an element that has the effect of improving the strength of steel by improving hardenability and strengthening solid solution.
- Mn content in the alloy steel powder exceeds 0.4%, the generation of oxides increases, the compressibility decreases, and the oxides become the starting point of fracture in the sintered body, resulting in fatigue strength. And reduce toughness. Therefore, the Mn content of the alloy steel powder is set to 0.4% or less.
- the Mn content of the alloy steel powder is 0% or more.
- the amount of inevitable impurities contained in the alloy steel powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% by mass or less in total, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and 0.3% by mass. More preferably, it is as follows.
- the P content is preferably 0.020% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the O content is preferably 0.20% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.0015% or less.
- the Al content is preferably 0.001% or less.
- the alloy steel powder is not particularly limited, and any alloy powder having the above component composition can be used.
- the alloy steel powder can be one or both of a pre-alloy steel powder and a partially diffusion alloy steel powder.
- the partial diffusion alloy steel powder one or both of those obtained by diffusing and adhering alloy elements on the surface of iron powder (pure iron powder) and those obtained by diffusing and adhering alloy elements on the surface of prealloyed steel powder are used. Can be used.
- Alloy steel powder ratio 50-90%
- the ratio of the mass of (b) alloy steel powder to the total mass of (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder (hereinafter simply referred to as “alloy steel powder ratio”) is 50 to 90%.
- the ratio of alloy steel powder is less than 50%, that is, when the ratio of iron-based powder exceeds 50%, the iron-based powder portion having low strength is connected inside the sintered body, and the strength of the sintered body is increased when stressed. Cracks develop in the lower part and it tends to break. Therefore, the ratio of alloy steel powder is 50% or more.
- the ratio of the alloy steel powder exceeds 90%, that is, the ratio of the iron-based powder is less than 10%, the soft part contributing to the compressibility will decrease, and the compressibility of the mixed powder as a whole will be insufficient. To do. Therefore, the ratio of alloy steel powder is 90% or less.
- Mo ratio 2.2-6.2%
- Mo ratio the ratio of the mass of Mo to the total mass of (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder
- the mixed powder for powder metallurgy in one embodiment of the present invention may be composed of only (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder (iron-based powder + alloy steel powder: 100%)
- other components can be included.
- the ratio of the total mass of (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder to the total mass of the mixed powder becomes excessively low, the mechanical properties of the sintered body deteriorate. Therefore, the ratio of the total mass of (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder to the total mass of the mixed powder is preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more.
- (c) Cu powder and (d) graphite powder can be further added to the mixed powder for powder metallurgy.
- the strength of the sintered body can be further improved.
- Cu powder Cu is an element having an action of promoting solid solution strengthening and hardenability improvement of the iron-based powder and increasing the strength of the sintered body. If the amount of Cu powder added is less than 0.5%, the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently, so the amount of Cu powder added is 0.5% or more. The amount of Cu powder added is preferably 1.0% or more. On the other hand, if the added amount of Cu powder exceeds 4.0%, not only the strength improvement effect of the sintered part is saturated, but also the sintered density is lowered. Therefore, the amount of Cu powder added is 4.0% or less. The amount of Cu powder added is preferably 3.0% or less.
- “addition amount of Cu powder” here is (c) Cu powder with respect to the total mass of (a) iron base powder, (b) alloy steel powder, (c) Cu powder, and (d) graphite powder. The mass ratio.
- (D) Graphite powder Graphite (graphite) is an effective component for increasing the strength. If the added amount of graphite powder is less than 0.2%, the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently. Therefore, the amount of graphite powder added is 0.2% or more. The amount of graphite powder added is preferably 0.3% or more. On the other hand, when the amount of graphite powder added exceeds 1.0%, precipitation of cementite due to hypereutectoid increases, leading to a decrease in strength. Therefore, the amount of graphite powder added is 1.0% or less. The amount of graphite powder added is preferably 0.8% or less.
- “addition amount of graphite powder” means (d) graphite powder with respect to the total mass of (a) iron-based powder, (b) alloy steel powder, (c) Cu powder, and (d) graphite powder. The mass ratio.
- a lubricant can be further added to the powder mixture for powder metallurgy.
- a lubricant it is possible to reduce the friction when press-molding the mixed powder for powder metallurgy to extend the life of the mold and further increase the density of the molded body.
- (E) Lubricant When the addition amount of the lubricant is less than 0.2%, the above effect is hardly exhibited. Therefore, the addition amount of the lubricant is set to 0.2% or more. The addition amount of the lubricant is preferably 0.3% or more. On the other hand, when the addition amount of the lubricant exceeds 1.5%, the non-metallic portion in the mixed powder increases, the molding density is hardly increased, and the strength is lowered. Therefore, the addition amount of the lubricant is set to 1.5% or less. The addition amount of the lubricant is preferably 1.2% or less.
- the “addition amount of lubricant” means (e) the total mass of (a) iron-based powder, (b) alloy steel powder, (c) Cu powder, and (d) graphite powder. The mass ratio.
- the lubricant is not particularly limited, and any lubricant can be used.
- the lubricant for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty acid bisamides, and metal soaps can be used. Among them, it is preferable to use a metal soap such as lithium stearate or zinc stearate, or an amide-based lubricant such as ethylene bisstearamide.
- a method of directly applying the lubricant to the mold can be used, and a method of combining both can also be used.
- a sintered body can be produced using the powder mixture for powder metallurgy.
- the method for producing the sintered body is not particularly limited and can be produced by an arbitrary method. Usually, according to a conventional method in powder metallurgy, a powder mixture for powder metallurgy is press-molded to form a compact, and then, What is necessary is just to sinter.
- the density of the molded body (sometimes referred to as “molding density”) is not particularly limited, but is 6.85 Mg / m 3 or more from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient mechanical properties (toughness and the like). Is preferred. Moreover, although the tensile strength calculated
- Example 1 A mixed powder for powder metallurgy was produced using iron-based powder and alloy steel powder containing Si and Mn only as inevitable impurities, and the performance was evaluated.
- the specific procedure is as follows.
- the iron-based powder was subjected to a final reduction treatment at 900 ° C. for 60 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere for decarburization and deoxidation on the iron powder produced by the water atomization method. It was manufactured by crushing.
- the component composition of the obtained iron-based powder is shown in Table 1. Each element shown in Table 1 is contained as an inevitable impurity in the iron-based powder.
- pre-alloy steel powder Two types of alloy steel powder were used: pre-alloy steel powder and composite alloy steel powder.
- the pre-alloyed steel powder was produced by the same method as the iron-based powder except that a metal containing Mo was used as the molten metal for water atomization. As a result, an alloy steel powder to which all Mo as an alloy element was added as a pre-alloy was obtained.
- the component composition of the obtained pre-alloyed steel powder is shown in Table 1.
- the composite type alloy steel powder is manufactured in the same manner as the above prealloyed steel powder by producing a prealloyed steel powder containing 5.0% by mass of Mo, and Mo is further diffused on the surface of the obtained prealloyed steel powder. Manufactured by attaching. In the diffusion adhesion, the prealloyed steel powder is MoO corresponding to a Mo content of 1.0 mass%, 1.7 mass%, 3.6 mass%, 7.0 mass%, and 15.0 mass%. Each of the three powders was mixed and heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 60 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the prealloyed steel powder was decarburized and deoxidized, and Mo produced by the reduction of MoO 3 was diffused and adhered to the prealloyed steel powder.
- a composite alloy steel powder in which Mo was diffused and adhered to the surface of the prealloyed steel powder was obtained.
- the component composition of the obtained composite type alloy steel powder is shown in Table 1 together.
- the obtained (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder are mixed for 15 minutes by a V-type mixer in the combinations and ratios shown in Table 2, and the mixed powder of iron-based powder and alloy steel powder is obtained. Obtained.
- the mixing ratio of (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder is such that the ratio of Mo to the total of the above (a) iron-based powder and (b) alloy steel powder is 2.3% by mass or 6.0.
- the calculated value of the ratio of Mo is shown in Table 2 with the aim of becoming mass%.
- Cu powder, graphite powder, and Wax lubricant powder are added to the mixed powder of the iron-based powder and alloy steel powder in the proportions shown in Table 2, and mixed for 15 minutes with a V-type mixer. A mixed powder was obtained. In addition, No. In 1-3, only the lubricant was added without using Cu powder and graphite powder.
- the characteristics of the obtained powder mixture for powder metallurgy were evaluated by the following procedure.
- a press-molded body as a test piece was prepared, and the density was evaluated.
- the press-molded body was in the form of a ring having an outer diameter of 38 mm ⁇ , an inner diameter of 25 mm ⁇ , and a height of 10 mm, and the molding pressure was 686 MPa.
- the weight of the obtained molded body was measured, and the density was determined by dividing by the volume calculated from the dimensions. The results were as shown in Table 2.
- a sintered body as a tensile test piece was prepared from each of the mixed powders for powder metallurgy, and the tensile strength was measured.
- the tensile test piece is obtained by forming the mixed powder for powder metallurgy into a tensile test piece having a parallel portion with a width of 5.8 mm and a height of 5 mm and performing a sintering process at 1130 ° C. for 20 minutes in an RX gas atmosphere. Produced. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 A mixed powder for powder metallurgy was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that iron-based powder containing Mn and alloy steel powder were used, and the performance was evaluated.
- Table 3 shows the composition of the iron-base powder and alloy steel powder used, and Table 4 shows the blending ratio of each component and the evaluation results.
- Example 1 As can be seen from the results shown in Table 4, as in Example 1, the mixing ratio of the iron-based powder increases, the molding density increases, and the tensile strength decreases once after increasing. In the examples satisfying the conditions of the present invention, a molding density of 6.85 Mg / m 3 or more and a tensile strength of 620 MPa or more are obtained.
- Example 3 A mixed powder for powder metallurgy was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that iron-based powder and alloy steel powder containing Si and Mn were used, and the performance was evaluated.
- Table 5 shows the composition of the iron-base powder and alloy steel powder used, and Table 6 shows the blending ratio of each component and the evaluation results.
Abstract
Description
(a)Si:0~0.2質量%およびMn:0~0.4質量%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物である鉄基粉末、および
(b)Mo:2.0~21.0質量%、Si:0~0.2質量%およびMn:0~0.4質量%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物である合金鋼粉、
を含有し、
前記(a)鉄基粉末および(b)合金鋼粉の合計に対する(b)合金鋼粉の比率が50~90質量%であり、
前記(a)鉄基粉末および(b)合金鋼粉の合計に対するMoの比率が2.2~6.2質量%である、粉末冶金用混合粉。
(c)Cu粉、および
(d)黒鉛粉、
を含有し、
前記(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計に対する(c)Cu粉の比率が0.5~4.0質量%であり、
前記(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計に対する(d)黒鉛粉の比率が0.2~1.0質量%である、
上記1に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
(e)潤滑剤
を含有し、
前記(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計に対する(e)潤滑剤の比率が0.2~1.5質量%である、
上記2に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。
上記鉄基粉末としては、Si:0~0.2%およびMn:0~0.4%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物である鉄基金属粉末を使用する。前記鉄基粉末は、(b)合金鋼粉と混合することによってプレス成形時の圧縮性を確保する作用を有している。そのため、前記鉄基粉末はできるかぎり柔らかいことが望ましい。鉄基粉末中にFe以外の元素が含まれていると圧縮性低下の原因となるため、前記鉄基粉末としては、Feおよび不可避不純物からなる鉄粉(「純鉄粉」ともいう)を用いることが好ましい。
Siは、焼入性向上、固溶強化などによって、鋼の強度を向上させる効果を有する元素である。しかし、鉄基粉末におけるSi含有量が0.2%を超えると酸化物の生成が多くなり、圧縮性が低下するとともに、前記酸化物が焼結体での破壊の起点となって、疲労強度および靱性を低下させる。したがって、鉄基粉末のSi含有量は0.2%以下とする。一方、上述したように、圧縮性の観点からはSi含有量が低い方がよく、したがって、Si含有量は0%であってもよい。よって、鉄基粉末のSi含有量は0%以上とする。
Mnも、Siと同様、焼入性向上、固溶強化などによって、鋼の強度を向上させる効果を有する元素である。しかし、鉄基粉末におけるMn含有量が0.4%を超えると酸化物の生成が多くなり、圧縮性が低下するとともに、前記酸化物が焼結体での破壊の起点となって、疲労強度および靱性を低下させる。したがって、鉄基粉末のMn含有量は0.4%以下とする。一方、上述したように、圧縮性の観点からはMn含有量が低い方がよく、したがって、Mn含有量は0%であってよい。よって、鉄基粉末のMn含有量は0%以上とする。
上記合金鋼粉としては、Mo:2.0~21.0%、Si:0~0.2%およびMn:0~0.4%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物である合金鋼粉を使用する。前記合金鋼粉は、合金元素であるMoを供給する役割を有している。このMoを含有する(b)合金鋼粉と、Moを含まない(a)鉄基粉末とを混合して用いることにより、粉末の優れた圧縮性と、焼結体の高い機械的強度とを高い水準で両立させることができる。
先に述べたように、Moは酸化しにくく、Feと同程度に還元しやすいため、比較的容易にMoを含有する合金鋼粉を製造できる。Moは、焼入れ性向上効果によって焼入れ処理の際に母相を変態強化する作用に加えて、母相に分配して母相を固溶強化する作用、および母相中で微細炭化物を形成して母相を析出強化する作用を有している。また、Moは浸炭性が良く非粒界酸化元素であるため、浸炭強化する作用も有している。そのため、Moは強化元素として非常に有用である。
Siは、焼入性向上、固溶強化などによって、鋼の強度を向上させる効果を有する元素である。しかし、合金鋼粉におけるSi含有量が0.2%を超えると酸化物の生成が多くなり、圧縮性が低下するとともに、前記酸化物が焼結体での破壊の起点となって、疲労強度および靱性を低下させる。そのため、合金鋼粉のSi含有量は0.2%以下とする。一方、上述したように、圧縮性の観点からはSi含有量が低い方がよく、したがって、Si含有量は0%であってもよい。よって、合金鋼粉のSi含有量は0%以上とする。
Mnも、Siと同様、焼入性向上、固溶強化などによって、鋼の強度を向上させる効果を有する元素である。しかし、合金鋼粉におけるMn含有量が0.4%を超えると酸化物の生成が多くなり、圧縮性が低下するとともに、前記酸化物が焼結体での破壊の起点となって、疲労強度および靱性を低下させる。そのため、合金鋼粉のMn含有量は0.4%以下とする。一方、上述したように、圧縮性の観点からはMn含有量が低い方がよく、したがって、Mn含有量は0%であってよい。よって、合金鋼粉のMn含有量は0%以上とする。
(a)鉄基粉末および(b)合金鋼粉の合計質量に対する(b)合金鋼粉の質量の比率(以下、単に「合金鋼粉の比率」という)は、50~90%とする。合金鋼粉の比率が50%未満、すなわち鉄基粉末の比率が50%を超えると、焼結体内部で強度の低い鉄基粉末部分がつながり、焼結体が応力を受けたときに強度の低い部分を亀裂が進展し、破断に至りやすくなる。そのため、合金鋼粉の比率を50%以上とする。一方、合金鋼粉の比率が90%を超える、すなわち鉄基粉末の比率が10%未満になると、圧縮性に寄与する軟らかい部分が少なくなってしまうことになり、混合粉全体の圧縮性が不足する。したがって、合金鋼粉の比率を90%以下とする。
前記(a)鉄基粉末および(b)合金鋼粉の合計質量に対するMoの質量の比率(以下、単に「Moの比率」という)が2.2%未満であると、Moが有する強化元素としての効果が不十分となる。そのため、Moの比率は2.2%以上とする。一方、Moの過度の添加は合金コストの上昇を招くため、Moの比率は6.2%以下とする。
Cuは、鉄基粉末の固溶強化および焼入れ性向上を促し、焼結体の強度を高める作用を有する元素である。Cu粉の添加量が0.5%未満では、前記作用を十分に得ることができないため、Cu粉の添加量は0.5%以上とする。Cu粉の添加量は1.0%以上とすることが好ましい。一方、Cu粉の添加量が4.0%を超えると、焼結部品の強度向上効果が飽和するばかりでなく、かえって焼結密度の低下を招く。そのため、Cu粉の添加量は4.0%以下とする。Cu粉の添加量は3.0%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、ここで「Cu粉の添加量」とは、(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計質量に対する(c)Cu粉の質量の比率とする。
黒鉛(グラファイト)は、強度を高めるために有効な成分である。黒鉛粉の添加量が0.2%未満では、前記効果を十分に得ることができない。そのため、黒鉛粉の添加量を0.2%以上とする。黒鉛粉の添加量は0.3%以上とすることが好ましい。一方、黒鉛粉の添加量が1.0%を超えると、過共析によるセメンタイトの析出が増加して強度の低下を招く。そのため、黒鉛粉の添加量を1.0%以下とする。黒鉛粉の添加量は0.8%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、ここで「黒鉛粉の添加量」とは、(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計質量に対する(d)黒鉛粉の質量の比率とする。
潤滑剤の添加量が0.2%未満では、上記効果が表れにくい。そのため、潤滑剤の添加量を0.2%以上とする。潤滑剤の添加量は0.3%以上とすることが好ましい。一方、潤滑剤の添加量が1.5%を超えると、混合粉の中の非金属部分が増えて成形密度が上がりにくくなり、強度が低下する。そのため、潤滑剤の添加量を1.5%以下とする。潤滑剤の添加量は1.2%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、ここで「潤滑剤の添加量」とは、(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計質量に対する(e)潤滑剤の質量の比率とする。
SiおよびMnを、不可避不純物としてのみ含有する鉄基粉末および合金鋼粉を用いて粉末冶金用混合粉を製造し、その性能を評価した。具体的な手順は以下のとおりである。
粉末冶金用混合粉のそれぞれを用いて、試験片としてのプレス成形体を作成し、その密度を評価した。前記プレス成形体は、外径38mmφ×内径25mmφ×高さ10mmのリング状とし、成形圧力は686MPaとした。得られた成形体の重量を測定し、寸法から算出される体積で除することによって密度を求めた。結果は表2に示したとおりであった。
粉末冶金用混合粉のそれぞれから引張試験片としての焼結体を作成し、引張強さを測定した。前記引張試験片は、粉末冶金用混合粉を、幅5.8mm×高さ5mmの平行部を有する引張試験片に成形し、RXガス雰囲気で1130℃にて20分間の焼結処理を行って作製した。結果を表2に合わせて示した。
Mnを含有する鉄基粉末および合金鋼粉を用いた点以外は実施例1と同様の方法で粉末冶金用混合粉を製造し、その性能を評価した。使用した鉄基粉末および合金鋼粉の組成を表3に、各成分の配合割合と評価結果を表4に示す。
SiおよびMnを含有する鉄基粉末および合金鋼粉を用いた点以外は実施例1と同様の方法で粉末冶金用混合粉を製造し、その性能を評価した。使用した鉄基粉末および合金鋼粉の組成を表5に、各成分の配合割合と評価結果を表6に示す。
Claims (5)
- 粉末冶金用混合粉であって、
(a)Si:0~0.2質量%およびMn:0~0.4質量%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物である鉄基粉末、および
(b)Mo:2.0~21.0質量%、Si:0~0.2質量%およびMn:0~0.4質量%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物である合金鋼粉、
を含有し、
前記(a)鉄基粉末および(b)合金鋼粉の合計に対する(b)合金鋼粉の比率が50~90質量%であり、
前記(a)鉄基粉末および(b)合金鋼粉の合計に対するMoの比率が2.2~6.2質量%である、粉末冶金用混合粉。 - さらに、
(c)Cu粉、および
(d)黒鉛粉、
を含有し、
前記(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計に対する(c)Cu粉の比率が0.5~4.0質量%であり、
前記(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計に対する(d)黒鉛粉の比率が0.2~1.0質量%である、
請求項1に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。 - さらに、
(e)潤滑剤
を含有し、
前記(a)鉄基粉末、(b)合金鋼粉、(c)Cu粉、および(d)黒鉛粉の合計に対する(e)潤滑剤の比率が0.2~1.5質量%である、
請求項2に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉を成形、焼結した焼結体。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用混合粉を成形し、焼結して焼結体とする、焼結体の製造方法。
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JPH01104701A (ja) * | 1987-10-15 | 1989-04-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 圧縮性に優れた複合合金鋼粉の製造方法 |
JP2002146403A (ja) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-05-22 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 粉末冶金用合金鋼粉 |
JP2003247003A (ja) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-09-05 | Jfe Steel Kk | 粉末冶金用合金鋼粉 |
JP2012140699A (ja) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-07-26 | Jfe Steel Corp | 粉末冶金用合金鋼粉ならびに鉄基焼結材料およびその製造方法 |
JP2014237878A (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-18 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 粉末冶金用合金鋼粉および鉄基焼結体の製造方法 |
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JP7036216B2 (ja) | 2019-05-24 | 2022-03-15 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 鉄基合金焼結体及び粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉 |
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JP6528899B2 (ja) | 2019-06-12 |
JPWO2018142778A1 (ja) | 2019-02-07 |
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CN110267754B (zh) | 2021-10-29 |
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