SE543206C2 - Mixed powder for powder metallurgy, sintered body, and method for producing sintered body - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a mixed powder for powder metallurgy that has higher compressibility than partially-diffusion alloyed steel powder and can obtain a high forming density. A mixed powder for powder metallurgy including: (a) an iron-based powder containing Si in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.2 mass% and Mn in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.4 mass%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; and (b) an alloyed steel powder containing Mo in an amount of 2.0 mass% to 21.0 mass%, Si in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.2 mass%, and Mn in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.4 mass%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a ratio of (b) the alloyed steel powder to a total of (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder is from 50 mass% to 90 mass%, and a ratio of Mo to the total of (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder is from 2.2 mass% to 6.2 mass%.

Description

MIXED POWDER FOR POWDER METALLURGY, SINTERED BODY, ANDMETHOD FOR PRODUCING SINTERED BODY BACKGROUND[0001] The present disclosure relates to a mixed powder for powdermetallurgy, and more particularly to a mixed powder for powder metallurgyhaving excellent compressibility. The present disclosure also relates to asintered body using the mixed powder for powder metallurgy and a method for producing the sintered body.

BACKGROUND id="p-2" id="p-2"

[0002] Powder metallurgy technology is a method that can form parts withcomplicated shapes into a shape very close to the product shape (so-callednear net shape molding) and enables manufacture with high dimensionalaccuracy. According to powder metallurgy technology, cutting costs can besignificantly reduced. For this reason, powder metallurgical products areused as various mechanical structures and parts thereof in many fields. id="p-3" id="p-3"

[0003] Further, in recent years, to achieve miniaturization and reduced weightof parts, an increase in the strength of powder metallurgical products isstrongly requested. In particular, there is a strong request for increasing thestrength of iron-based press-formed products and iron-based powder sinteredproducts. id="p-4" id="p-4"

[0004] In order to meet the demand for higher strength, it has been practicedto add an alloying element having a quench hardenability improving effect toiron-based powder. For example, (1) pre-alloyed steel powder and (2)partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder are known as powders to whichalloying elements are added at the stage of raw material powder. id="p-5" id="p-5"

[0005] The pre-alloyed steel powder (1) is a powder in which alloyingelements are completely alloyed in advance. By using this pre-alloyed steelpowder, segregation of alloying elements can be completely prevented, andthe structure of the sintered body becomes uniform. As a result, themechanical characteristics as a press-formed product or a sintered product canbe stabilized. However, since complete alloying causes solid solution hardening over the entire powder particles, the compressibility of the powder is low, causing a problem that the forming density is difficult to increaseduring press forming. id="p-6" id="p-6"

[0006] The partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder (2) is a powder in whicheach alloying element powder is partially adhered and diffused on the surfaceof pure iron powder or pre-alloyed steel powder. The partiallydiffusion-alloyed steel powder is prepared by mixing metal powder ofalloying elements or its oxide with pure iron powder or pre-alloyed steelpowder, and heating under a non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere to providediffusion bonding of alloying element powder on the surface of the pure ironpowder or pre-alloyed steel powder. With the use of partiallydiffusion-alloyed steel powder, the structure can be made relatively uniform,the mechanical properties of the product can be stabilized as in the case ofusing the pre-alloyed steel powder. Furthermore, since the partiallydiffusion-alloyed steel powder has a portion in its inside which contains no ora small amount of alloying elements, it exhibits good compressibility duringpress forming as compared to the pre-alloyed steel powder. id="p-7" id="p-7"

[0007] As a basic alloy component to be used for the above pre-alloyed steelpowder and partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder, Mo having a quenchhardenability improving effect is widely used. In addition to Mo, forexample, Mn, Cr, and Si are known as alloying elements having a quenchhardenability improving effect. However, among these elements, Mo isrelatively hard to oxidize and thus makes production of alloyed steel powdereasy. For example, pre-alloyed steel powder can be easily produced bymaking a molten steel to which Mo is added as an alloying element into apowder with a water atomizing method and subjecting the powder to finishreduction in a normal hydrogen atmosphere. Also, partiallydiffusion-alloyed steel powder can be easily produced by mixing Mo oxidewith pure iron powder or alloyed steel powder and performing finish reductionin a normal hydrogen atmosphere. id="p-8" id="p-8"

[0008] As described above, by adding Mo having a quench hardenabilityimproving effect, the formation of ferrite is suppressed and bainite ormartensite is generated during hardening treatment, and transformationtoughening of the matrix phase is achieved. Furthermore, Mo distributes to the matrix phase to achieve solid solution strengthening of the matrix phase, and forms fine carbides in the matrix phase to achieve strengthening byprecipitation of the matrix phase. M0 also has the effect of enhancingcarburization because it has a good gas carburizing property and is anon-intergranular-oxidation element. id="p-9" id="p-9"

[0009] Examples of alloyed steel powder using Mo are described in, forexample, JP4371003B (PTL 1) and JPH04-231404A (PTL 2). id="p-10" id="p-10"

[0010] PTL 1 proposes alloyed steel powder in which Mo is furtherdiffusion-bonded to the surface of a pre-alloyed steel powder containing Moas an alloying element. id="p-11" id="p-11"

[0011] PTL 2 proposes applying a twice-forming twice-sintering methodwhen using Mo pre-alloyed steel powder in order to further increase thestrength of the sintered body. In the twice-forming twice-sintering method,alloyed steel powder is subjected to forming and pre-sintering, followed by the subsequent forming and main sintering.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature id="p-12" id="p-12"

[0012] PTL 1:JP4371003BPTL 2: JPH04-231404A SUMMARY (Technical Problem) id="p-13" id="p-13"

[0013] However, the demand for increasing the strength of iron-based powderpress-formed products and iron-based powder sintered products is becomingincreasingly strong, yet the methods proposed in PTLs 1 and 2 can not fullymeet the demand. The reason is as follows.[0014] One method for increasing the strength of iron-based powdersintered products is press-formed products and iron-based powder densification. By increasing the density, the rearrangement of iron powderparticles proceeds and the void volume ratio inside the formed productdecreases, and the area in which the iron powder particles come in contactwith each other increases. As a result, iron-based powder press-formedproducts and iron-based powder sintered products have improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact value, and fatigue strength. In order to increase the density of an iron-based powder sintered product or aniron-based powder press-formed product, the compressibility of the alloyedsteel powder, which is a raw material for press forming, may be increased toeasily increase the forming density. id="p-15" id="p-15"

[0015] Therefore, in PTL l, partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder is used.As described above, since the partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder has aportion which does not contain alloying elements or has a small amount ofalloying elements inside the particles (hereinafter referred to as a "low alloyportion"), it is excellent in the compressibility at the time of press formingcompared with pre-alloyed steel powder. It is thought that thecompressibility can be further improved by increasing the proportion of thelow alloy portion. However, it is necessary to diffusion-bond a certainamount of alloying elements in order to make the characteristics such asquench hardenability within the desired range. Therefore, the proportion ofa low alloy portion can not be increased beyond a certain level, and thussufficient compressibility can not be ensured. id="p-16" id="p-16"

[0016] Furthermore, even ifthe twice-forming twice-sintering method of PTL2 is applied to the partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder of PTL l, thediffusion of alloying elements in the first proceeds sintering, the compressibility in the second forming is insufficient, and sufficientcompressibility can not be obtained. id="p-17" id="p-17"

[0017] It would thus be helpful to provide a mixed powder for powdermetallurgy that has higher compressibility than conventional partiallydiffusion-alloyed steel powder and can obtain high forming density. It wouldthus also be helpful to provide a sintered body using the mixed powder forpowder metallurgy, and a method for producing the same.

(Solution to Problem) id="p-18" id="p-18"

[0018] As a result of conducting studies to solve the above problems, theinventors obtained the following findings. id="p-19" id="p-19"

[0019] In the partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder, the source at whichhigh compressibility is developed is a low alloy portion existing inside the particles making up the partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder, that is, a portion containing no alloying element or a small amount of alloying elements.

In the low alloy portion, the solid solution strengthening effect exerted by the alloying elements is small, and deformation is easy during press forming.On the contrary, since the alloying elements are diffusion-bonded to thesurface ofthe particles, the concentration of the alloying elements is high anddeformation is difficult. id="p-20" id="p-20"

[0020] As described above, the partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder hasthe property that the surface is not easily deformed and the inside is easilydeformed. By having such an internal structure of particles, partiallydiffusion-alloyed steel powder is more likely to undergo rearrangement ofparticles than pre-alloyed powder, and thus the forming density tends toincrease. However, as can be seen from the actual state of forming alloyedsteel powder, in order to fill the gaps between the particles and rearrange theparticles, it is desirable that the surface ofthe particles, rather than the inside,is able to be deformed according to the shape of particles present in theperiphery. id="p-21" id="p-21"

[0021] However, in any of the pre-alloyed steel powder and the partiallydiffusion-alloyed steel powder, the surface of the particles contains an alloycomponent, and the surface of the particles can not have such a soft state asdescribed above. id="p-22" id="p-22"

[0022] Therefore, the inventors conceived of using a mixture of an iron-basedpowder not containing Mo and an alloyed steel powder containing Mo, insteadof softening the surface of particles. By using a combination of an alloyedsteel powder containing Mo and an iron-based powder with low hardnesscontaining no Mo, the compressibility at the time of press forming isimproved even in the case of ordinary single forming, and also in thetwice-forming twice-sintering method, if the alloying elements diffuse duringthe first sintering, portions not containing Mo remains sufficiently to maintainhigh compressibility even in the second forming. However, if the mixproportion of the iron-based powder not containing Mo is too small, sucheffects become insufficient, and conversely, if it is too large, the mechanicalproperties are deteriorated. id="p-23" id="p-23"

[0023] Based on the above findings, the present disclosure was conceived as aresult of various studies on conditions under which both compressibility andmechanical properties can be compatible. In detail, we provide the following: id="p-24" id="p-24"

[0024] 1. A mixed powder for powder metallurgy comprising: (a) aniron-based powder containing (consisting of) Si in an amount of 0 mass% to0.2 mass% and Mn in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.4 mass%, with the balancebeing Fe and inevitable impurities; and (b) an alloyed steel powder containing(consisting of) Mo in an amount of 2.0 mass% to 21.0 mass%, Si in an amountof 0 mass% to 0.2 mass%, and Mn in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.4 mass%,with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a ratio of (b) thealloyed steel powder to a total of (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyedsteel powder is from 50 mass% to 90 mass%, and a ratio of Mo to the total of(a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder is from 2.2 mass%to 6.2 mass%.[0025] 2. further comprising: (c) a Cu powder; and (d) a graphite powder, wherein a The mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to 1 above, ratio of (c) the Cu powder to a total of (a) the iron-based powder, (b) thealloyed steel powder, (c) the Cu powder, and (d) the graphite powder is from0.5 mass% to 4.0 mass%, and a ratio of (d) the graphite powder to the total of(a) the iron-based powder, (b) the alloyed steel powder, (c) the Cu powder,and (d) the graphite powder is from 0.2 mass% to 1.0 mass%. id="p-26" id="p-26"

[0026] 3. further comprising: (e) a lubricant, wherein a ratio of (e) the lubricant to the The mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to 2 above, total of (a) the iron-based powder, (b) the alloyed steel powder, (c) the Cupowder, and (d) the graphite powder is from 0.2 mass % to 1.5 mass%. id="p-27" id="p-27"

[0027] 4.powder for powder metallurgy as recited in any one of 1 to 3 above.[0028] 5. the mixed powder for powder metallurgy as recited in any one of 1 to 3 above A sintered body obtainable by forming and sintering the mixed A method for producing a sintered body, comprising subjecting to forming and sintering to obtain a sintered body.

(Advantageous Effect) id="p-29" id="p-29"

[0029] The mixed powder for powder metallurgy disclosed herein is superiorin compressibility to the conventional partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder,and it can be used not only in the usual single-forming single-sinteringmethod but also in the twice-forming twice-sintering method to obtain apress-formed product having a high forming density. Moreover, according to the present disclosure, a sintered body having high strength can be obtained.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION id="p-30" id="p-30"

[0030] The following describes the present disclosure in detail. In thefollowing description, "%" notation represents "mass%" unless otherwisespecified. id="p-31" id="p-31"

[0031] The mixed powder for powder metallurgy (hereinafter sometimessimply referred to as "mixed powder") in one of the embodiments disclosedherein contains, as essential components, (a) an iron-based powder and (b) analloyed steel powder. id="p-32" id="p-32"

[0032] (a) Iron-based Powder As the iron-based powder, an iron-based metal powder containing Si in anamount of 0 % to 0.2 % and Mn in an amount of 0 % to 0.4 %, with thebalance being Fe and inevitable impurities, is used. The iron-based powderhas an effect of securing the compressibility at the time of press forming bybeing mixed with (b) the alloyed steel powder. Therefore, it is desirable thatthe iron-based powder be as soft as possible. If the iron-based powdercontains an element other than Fe, the compressibility decreases. Therefore,an iron powder composed of Fe and inevitable impurities (also referred to as"pure iron powder") is preferably used as the iron-based powder. id="p-33" id="p-33"

[0033] Note that Si and Mn are contained as impurities in general iron-basedpowder. Si and Mn are elements having the effect of improving the quenchhardenability in addition to the effect of increasing the strength by solidsolution strengthening. Therefore, when Si and Mn are contained, thestrength of the sintered body may be improved depending on the coolingconditions at the time of sintering the press-formed product and the conditionssuch as quenching and tempering conditions, and hence these elements maywork advantageously in reverse. From the above reasons, the iron-basedpowder is permitted to contain one or both of Si and Mn in the range describedbelow. id="p-34" id="p-34"

[0034] Si: 0 % to 0.2 % Si is an element having the effect ofincreasing the strength of steel by quenchsolid and the like.

However, when the Si content in the iron-based powder exceeds 0.2 %, more hardenability improvement, solution strengthening, oxides form and the compressibility decreases, and the oxides become the starting point of fracture in the sintered body, causing the fatigue strength andtoughness to decrease. Therefore, the Si content ofthe iron-based powder is0.2 % or less.compressibility, a lower Si content is preferable.be 0 %.[0035] Mn: 0 % to 0.4 % Mn, like Si, is also an element having the effect of increasing the strength of On the other hand, as described above, from the viewpoint ofThus, the Si content may Therefore, the Si content ofthe iron-based powder is 0 % or more. steel by quench hardenability improvement, solid solution strengthening, andthe like. 0.4 %, more oxides form and the compressibility decreases, and the oxides However, when the Mn content in the iron-based powder exceeds become the starting point of fracture in the sintered body, causing the fatiguestrength and toughness to decrease. Therefore, the Mn content of theiron-based powder is 0.4 % or less. On the other hand, as described above,from the viewpoint of compressibility, a lower Mn content is preferable.Thus, the Mn content may be 0 %. Therefore, the Mn content of theiron-based powder is 0 % or more. id="p-36" id="p-36"

[0036] Although the amount of inevitable impurities contained in theiron-based powder is not particularly limited, the total amount is preferably1.0 mass% or less, more preferably 0.5 mass% or less, and even morepreferably 0.3 mass% or less. Among the elements contained as inevitableThe S content isThe O content is preferably 0.20 % or less. The The Al content is preferably 0.001 impurities, the P content is preferably 0.020 % or less.preferably 0.010 % or less.N content is preferably 0.0015 % or less.% or less. The Mo content is preferably 0.010 % or less.[0037] (b) Alloyed Steel Powder As the above alloyed steel powder, an alloyed steel powder containing Mo inan amount of 2.0 % to 21.0 %, Si in an amount of 0 % to 0.2 %, and Mn in anamount of 0 % to 0.4 %, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities,is used. The alloyed steel powder has a role of supplying Mo, which is analloying element. By using a mixture of (b) the alloyed steel powdercontaining Mo and (a) the iron-based powder containing no Mo, bothexcellent powder compressibility and high mechanical strength ofthe sinteredbody can be achieved at a high level. id="p-38" id="p-38"

[0038] Mo: 2.0 % to 21.0 % As mentioned above, since Mo is difficult to oxidize and to be reduced to thesame degree as Fe, an alloyed steel powder containing Mo can be producedrelatively easily. In addition to the function of transformation strengtheningof the matrix phase during quenching by the quench hardenability improvingeffect, Mo acts to achieve solid solution strengthening of the matrix phasewhen distributed to the matrix phase and strengthening by precipitation ofthematrix phase by forming fine carbides in the matrix phase. Mo also has theeffect of enhancing carburization because it has a good gas carburizingproperty and is a non-intergranular-oxidation element. Therefore, Mo isvery useful as a strengthening element. id="p-39" id="p-39"

[0039] However, in the present disclosure, since the iron-based powder andthe alloyed steel powder are mixed and used, the Mo content of the wholemixed powder for powder metallurgy is lower than that ofthe original alloyedsteel powder. For example, when the mixed powder for powder metallurgyconsists only of iron-based powder and alloying powder, the percentage of thealloyed steel powder is 50 % to 90 % as described later, the Mo content ofthewhole mixed powder is 1/2 to 9/10 of that in the alloyed steel powder. Inconsideration of this, the Mo content of the alloyed steel powder is 2.0 % orIf the Mo content is less than 2.0 %, the above-described effect of Mo On the other more.as a strengthening element can not be sufficiently obtained.hand, when the Mo content of the alloyed steel powder exceeds 21.0 %, thetoughness is lowered.is 21.0 % or less. id="p-40" id="p-40"

[0040] Since alloying elements other than Mo are basically not used, the Therefore, the Mo content ofthe alloyed steel powder balance other than Mo of the alloyed steel powder may be Fe and inevitableimpurities. Note that general alloyed steel powder contains Si and Mn asimpurities. As described above, Si and Mn are elements having the effect ofimproving the hardenability in addition to the effect of improving the strengthby solid solution strengthening. Therefore, when Si and Mn are contained,the strength of the sintered body may be improved depending on the coolingconditions at the time of sintering the press-formed product and the conditionssuch as quenching and tempering conditions, and hence these elements maywork advantageously in reverse. For the above reasons, the alloyed steel powder is permitted to contain one or both of Si and Mn in the range described _10- below.[0041] Si: 0 % to 0.2 %Si is an element having the effect ofincreasing the strength of steel by quench solid and the like.

However, when the Si content in the alloyed steel powder exceeds 0.2 %, the hardenability improvement, solution strengthening,formation of oxides increases and the compressibility decreases, and theoxides become the starting point of fracture in the sintered body, causing thefatigue strength and toughness to decrease. Therefore, the Si content of theOn the other hand, as mentioned above, Thus, alloyed steel powder is 0.2 % or less.from the viewpoint of compressibility, a lower Si content is preferable.the Si content may be 0 %. Therefore, the Si content of the alloyed steelpowder is 0 % or more. id="p-42" id="p-42"

[0042] Mn: 0 % to 0.4 % Mn, like Si, is also an element having the effect of increasing the strength ofsteel by hardenability improvement, solid solution strengthening, and the like.However, when the Mn content in the alloyed steel powder exceeds 0.4 %,more oxides form and the compressibility decreases, and the oxides becomethe starting point of fracture in the sintered body, causing the fatigue strengthand toughness to decrease. Therefore, the Mn content of the alloyed steelOn the other hand, as described above, from the Thus, the powder is 0.4 % or less.viewpoint of compressibility, a lower Mn content is preferable.Mn content may be 0 %. Therefore, the Mn content of the alloyed steelpowder is 0 % or more. id="p-43" id="p-43"

[0043] Although the amount of inevitable impurities contained in the abovealloyed steel powder is not particularly limited, the total amount is preferably1.0 mass% or less, more preferably 0.5 mass% or less, and even morepreferably 0.3 mass% or less. Among the elements contained as inevitableThe S content isThe O content is preferably 0.20 % or less. The The Al content is preferably 0.001 impurities, the P content is preferably 0.020 % or less.preferably 0.010 % or less.N content is preferably 0.0015 % or less.% or less. id="p-44" id="p-44"

[0044] The alloyed steel powder is not particularly limited, and any powdermay be used as long as it has the above-described chemical composition. For example, the alloyed steel powder may be one or both of a pre-alloyed steel _11- powder and a partially diffusion-alloyed steel powder. In addition, as thepartially diffusion-alloyed steel powder, one or both of an iron powder (pureiron powder) with an alloying element diffusion-bonded to the surface thereof,and a pre-alloyed steel powder with an alloying element diffused and attachedon the surface thereof. id="p-45" id="p-45"

[0045] Ratio ofthe Alloyed Steel Powder: 50 % to 90 % The ratio of the mass of (b) the alloyed steel powder to the total mass of (a)the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder (hereinafter simplyreferred to as "the ratio of the alloyed steel powder") is from 50 % to 90 %.When the ratio of the alloyed steel powder is less than 50 %, that is, the ratioof the iron-based powder exceeds 50 %, the portions ofthe iron-based powderhaving low strength are connected inside the sintered body, and when thesintered body is stressed, a crack develops in portions having lower strength,which tends to lead to a fracture. Therefore, the ratio of the alloyed steelpowder is 50 % or more. On the other hand, when the ratio of the alloyedsteel powder exceeds 90 %, that is, the ratio of the iron-based powder is lessthan 10 %, the soft portions contributing to the compressibility decrease, andthe compressibility of the whole mixed powder is insufficient. Therefore,the ratio ofthe alloyed steel powder is 90 % or less. id="p-46" id="p-46"

[0046] Ratio of Mo: 2.2 % to 6.2 % When the ratio of the mass of Mo to the total mass of (a) the iron-basedpowder and (b) the alloyed steel powder (hereinafter simply referred to as "theratio of Mo") is less than 2.2 %, the effect of Mo as an strengthening elementis insufficient. Therefore, the ratio of Mo is 2.2 % or more. On the otherhand, the excessive addition of Mo causes an increase in alloy cost, the ratioof Mo is 6.2 % or less. id="p-47" id="p-47"

[0047] The mixed powder for powder metallurgy in one of the embodimentsdisclosed herein may be made of (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyedsteel powder only (iron-based powder + alloyed steel powder = 100 %), it mayalso contain any other component(s). However, if the ratio ofthe total massof (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder to the mass ofthe mixed powder as a whole is excessively low, the mechanical properties ofthe sintered body are degraded. Therefore, the ratio of the total mass of (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder to the mass of the _12- mixed powder as a Whole is preferably 90 % or more, and preferably 95 % ormore. id="p-48" id="p-48"

[0048] In one of the disclosed embodiments, (c) Cu powder and (d) graphitepowder may be further added to the mixed powder for powder metallurgy.By adding Cu powder and graphite powder, the strength of the sintered bodycan be further improved. id="p-49" id="p-49"

[0049] (c) Cu Powder Cu is an element that promotes the solid solution strengthening and thequench hardenability improvement ofthe iron-based powder and has the effectof increasing the strength of the sintered body. If the addition amount of theCu powder is less than 0.5 %, the above-described effect can not besufficiently obtained. Therefore, when used, the addition amount of the Cupowder is 0.5 % or more. The addition amount of the Cu powder ispreferably l.0 % or more. On the other hand, when the addition amount ofthe Cu powder exceeds 4.0 %, not only the strength improving effect of thesintered parts is saturated, but rather the sintering density is lowered.TheAs used herein, "the addition amount ofthe Cu powder" means the ratio of the mass of Therefore, the addition amount of the Cu powder is 4.0 % or less. addition amount of the Cu powder is preferably 3.0 % or less. (c) the Cu powder to the total mass of (a) the iron-based powder, (b) thealloyed steel powder, (c) the Cu powder, and (d) the graphite powder. id="p-50" id="p-50"

[0050] (d) Graphite Powder Graphite is an effective component to increase the strength. If the additionamount of the graphite powder is less than 0.2 %, the above effect can not besufficiently obtained. Therefore, when used, the addition amount of thegraphite powder is 0.2 % or more. The addition amount of the graphitepowder is preferably 0.3 % or more. On the other hand, when the additionamount of the graphite powder exceeds l.0 %, the precipitation amount ofcementite due to hypereutectoid increases to cause a decrease in strength.TheAs used herein, "the addition amount of the graphite powder" refers to the ratio ofthe Therefore, the addition amount of the graphite powder is l.0 % or less. addition amount of the graphite powder is preferably 0.8 % or less. mass of (d) the graphite powder to the total mass of (a) the iron-based powder,(b) the alloyed steel powder, (c) the Cu powder, and (d) the graphite powder. _13- id="p-51" id="p-51"

[0051] In one of the disclosed embodiments, (e) a lubricant can be furtheradded to the mixed powder for powder metallurgy. By adding the lubricant,it is possible to suppress the wear at the time of pressing of the mixed powderfor powder metallurgy to extend the life of the mold and to further increasethe density ofthe formed body. id="p-52" id="p-52"

[0052] (e) Lubricant If the addition amount of the lubricant is less than 0.2 %, the above effect ishardly exhibited. is 0.2 % or more.

Therefore, when used, the addition amount of the lubricantThe addition amount ofthe lubricant is preferably 0.3 % ormore. On the other hand, when the addition amount ofthe lubricant exceedsl.5 %, the non-metal part in the mixed powder increases and the formingdensity becomes difficult to increase, causing the strength to decrease.Therefore, the addition amount of the lubricant is l.5 % or less. Theaddition amount ofthe lubricant is preferably 1.2 % or less. As used herein,"the addition amount of the lubricant" means the ratio of the mass of (e) thelubricant to the total mass of (a) the iron-based powder, (b) the alloyed steelpowder, (c) the Cu powder, and (d) the graphite powder. id="p-53" id="p-53"

[0053] The lubricant is not particularly limited and may be of any type. Asthe lubricant, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting offatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty acid bisamides, and metal soaps can beused. Among them, metal soaps such as lithium stearate and zinc stearate, oramide-based lubricants such as ethylene bis stearoamide are preferably used.[0054] In addition to the method for adding and mixing a lubricant to themixed powder, a method for directly applying a lubricant to a mold can alsobe used, and a method for combining both can also be used. id="p-55" id="p-55"

[0055] In one ofthe disclosed embodiments, a sintered body can be producedusing the above-described mixed powder for powder metallurgy. The methodfor producing the sintered body is not particularly limited, and may beproduced by any method. However, usually, the mixed powder for powdermetallurgy may be pressed and formed into a formed body according to aconventional method in powder metallurgy, and then sintered. id="p-56" id="p-56"

[0056] The density ofthe formed body (sometimes referred to as the "formingdensity") is not particularly limited, yet from the Viewpoint of securing sufficient mechanical properties (such as toughness), it is preferably 6.85 _14- Mg/m3 or more. Moreover, although the tensile strength required for thesintered body varies with the uses and the like, it is preferable that the sintered body have a tensile strength of 620 MPa or more.

EXAMPLES id="p-57" id="p-57"

[0057] (Example 1) Mixed powders for powder metallurgy were produced using an iron-basedpowder containing Si and Mn only as inevitable impurities and an alloyedsteel powder, and the performance was evaluated. The specific steps were asfollows. id="p-58" id="p-58"

[0058] (a) The iron-based powder was produced by subjecting the ironpowder produced by the water atomization method to a finish reduction °C for decarburization and deoxidation, and subjecting the obtained cake to a treatment at 900 60 minutes in hydrogen atmosphere for crushing treatment. The chemical compositions of the obtained iron-basedpowders are listed in Table 1. Note that the elements illustrated in Table 1are all contained as inevitable impurities in the iron-based powder. id="p-59" id="p-59"

[0059] (b) As the alloyed steel powder, two different powders, i.e., apre-alloyed steel powder and a composite alloyed steel powder were used.The pre-alloyed steel powder was produced by the same method as theabove-described iron-based powder except that one containing Mo was usedas the molten metal to be subjected to water atomization. As a result, thealloyed steel powder was obtained in which all of Mo as an alloying elementwas added as a pre-alloy. The chemical compositions of the obtainedpre-alloyed steel powders are listed in Table 1. id="p-60" id="p-60"

[0060] The composite alloyed steel powder was produced by producing apre-alloyed steel powder containing 5.0 mass% of Mo with the same methodas the above pre-alloyed steel powder, and further diffusion-bonding Mo onthe surface of the obtained pre-alloyed steel powder. In thediffusion-bonding process, the pre-alloyed steel powder was mixed withMoOg powder in an amount equivalent to the Mo content of 1.0 mass%, 1.7mass%, 3.6 mass%, 7.0 mass%, and 15.0 mass%, respectively, and the mixturewas subjected to a heat treatment in hydrogen atmosphere at 900 °C for 60By the heat treatment, the pre-alloyed minutes. steel powder was _15- decarburized and deoxidized, and at the same time, Mo generated by reductionof MoOg was diffusion-bonded to the pre-alloyed steel powder. By crushingthe cake obtained by the above-described treatment, a composite alloyed steelpowder in which Mo was diffusion-bonded to the surface of the pre-alloyedsteel powder was obtained. The chemical compositions of the obtainedcomposite alloyed steel powders are also listed in Table l. id="p-61" id="p-61"

[0061] Next, (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder thusobtained were mixed in a V-type mixer for l5 minutes in the combination andratio listed in Table 2 to obtain a mixed powder of iron-based powder andalloyed steel powder. The mixing ratio of (a) the iron-based powder and (b)the alloyed steel powder was selected intending that the ratio of Mo to thetotal of (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder be 2.3mass% or 6.0 mass%, and the calculated values of the ratio of Mo are alsolisted in Table 2. id="p-62" id="p-62"

[0062] Then, Cu powder, graphite powder, and Wax-based lubricant powderwere further added to each mixed powder of iron base powder and alloyedsteel powder in the proportions listed in Table 2 and mixed in a V-type mixerfor 15 minutes to obtain a mixed powder for powder metallurgy. In Nos. l to3, only the lubricant was added without using the Cu powder and the graphitepowder. id="p-63" id="p-63"

[0063] The properties of the obtained mixed powder for powder metallurgywere eValuated in the following procedure. id="p-64" id="p-64"

[0064] - Density of Press-formed Body Using the mixed powders for powder metallurgy, press-formed bodies wereproduced as test pieces, and their densities were evaluated, respectively.Each press-formed body was in the form of a ring having an outer diameter of38 mmcl), an inner diameter of 25 mmc|>, and a height of l0 mm, and theforming pressure was 686 MPa. The weight of the obtained formed body wasmeasured, and the density was determined by dividing the measured weight bythe Volume calculated from the dimensions. The results are as listed in Table2. id="p-65" id="p-65"

[0065] - Tensile Strength of Sintered BodyAs a tension test piece, a sintered body was fabricated from each mixed powder for powder metallurgy, and the tensile strength was measured. The _16- tensile test piece was produced by forming a mixed powder for powdermetallurgy into a tensile test piece having a parallel part of 5.8 mm wide and 5mm high, and performing sintering for 20 minutes at ll30 °C in RX gasatmosphere. The results are listed in Table 2.[0066] From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that as the mixing ratio ofthe iron-based powder increases, the forming density increases, and the tensilestrength tends to increase and then decrease. In each example satisfying theconditions according to the present disclosure, the forming density of 6.85Mg/m3 or more and the tensile strength of 620 MPa or more were obtained.In contrast, in each case where the mixing ratio of the iron-based powder was0 mass%, when the Mo content of the mixed powder was 2.3 mass%, thetensile strength did not reach 620 MPa, and when the Mo content of the mixedpowder was 6.0 mass%, the forming density did not reach 6.85 Mg/m3 and thetensile strength did not reach 620 MPa. In addition, in each case where themixing ratio of the pure iron powder was 70 mass% or more, the tensilestrength did not reach 620 MPa when the Mo content of the mixed powder was 2.3 mass% or 6.0 mass%. id="p-67" id="p-67"

[0067] .ouuusš :sååå äfio :s om o: uunsoo, of. u.. woo so? sooo :o oooo :oo s.o :oo soo soaoooooowoäooo ooäåoo :s o: so? sooo :o soo :oo ooo :oo soo .ooaarooowoooooo oowoåoo :o oo so? ooooo :o soo :oo s.o :oo soo .ooaoooooowoooooo ooäåoo :o oo so? sooo :o soo :oo s.o :oo soo ooaoooooowoooooo oomoåoo :s oo so? sooo :o soo :oo s.o :oo so.o oooaooooowoooooo ooæššo :s soaooë: oo so? ooooo :o oooo :oo ooo :oo soo oooaofiosmoooooooho oo: ooäåfie 3 so? ooooo :o soo :oo ooo :oo soo Hooaoooosmoooooo=ao s: 2 so? ooooo :o so.o :oo s.o :oo soo oooaoo_osmoooooo-oho s: 2 so? sooo :o so.o :oo s.o :oo soo oooaoo_osmoäooo-oho s: 2 so? sooo :o soo :oo so :oo soo oooaoossmoäoooàzo s: oooo so? osoo :o oooo :oo so :oo soo - wo soaoo so.o so? ooooo :o soo oooo so :oo soo - E ooæoeoioo 82 :w Z *exooowwëv nouswomëoowmnownunu m2 :m O hëšoofiuoow wåoäfio :KH n: :EH:osoo _18- id="p-68" id="p-68"

[0068] ...oušom .ënmnä A3 EE .Eušom .Ö Ao. ...owšom _35 woåš... An. .Evšom woânåo... A3 .wo _80.. un. o.. ownm N......uušom ...Bm vuxen... Aå un... ävšom uomßnào... A3 .wo ...BS un. o.. owmm F. ...saa ÉÉQEOQ mä ...K 2 K... ...N N.. ä 2-.. .K m....aâä ä.. ...K 2 K... ...N S .K ...-.. .K N....aâä S. ä.. 2 K... ...N N.. .K m.-. .K N... .....ansa .ä ...G 2 K... ...N N.. .K N.-. ... ... ...ass Qàåmaoo S. m... 2 K... ...N 2 ä ..-ß .. N ...Esa ...åååoo ...K 2 .K 2 K... ...N ...N ä 8-.. .K M....så wN. ...K 2 K... ...N ...N .K ...E .K K...Nää N... ...K 2 K... ...N wN .K S-.. .K .... wåäfi .WS ä.. 2 K... ...N ...N .K N..-.. ... m vassa uàåmeoo 2% a... 2 K... ...N NN ä ...b .. .. ...ass uàåmeö a.. M.. .K 2 - - ...N ...m 8-.. .K m...aåä m. .....K 2 - - NN .K S-.. .K .... N ...Nasa Oêšaeoo mm a.. 2 - - NN ..... ...-.. .. . ...äs . ams.. .Kšä eäæa. .Kæå. šwæe. .Kšä.Anon m N... 3:05... N... .nøonä N... ...Eonä F. 3:05... ...KH F. 3.55... ...HARG3.2.... ba.. ..........< ..........< ...såå 2.2.5. ...........< ...........<.Qowuäü .o fiwnuhm vunna.. bcšom .owšom F. oå.. o oswm .owšom .oušom ...Z...mot .i v...ä .åšm ._ .. ................ ö... .å 3.0.2... ..........å...äfiwvu flOfiåß>fl .HOUšOQ HSM HUUšOQ .wO flOfiflfi-ÉOWN ...så _19- id="p-69" id="p-69"

[0069] (Example 2) Mixed powders for powder metallurgy were produced in the same manner asin Example l except that an iron-based powder containing Mn and an alloyedsteel powder were used, and the performance was evaluated. Table 3 lists thecompositions of the iron-based powder and alloyed steel powder used, andTable 4 lists the blending ratio of each component and the evaluation results.[0070] As can be seen from the results in Table 4, as in the case of Example l,as the mixing ratio of the iron-based powder increases, the forming densityincreases, and the tensile strength once increases and then decreases. Inaddition, in each example satisfying the conditions according to the presentdisclosure, the forming density of 6.85 Mg/m3 or more and the tensile strength of 620 MPa or more were obtained. _20- id="p-71" id="p-71"

[0071] .muflfidnëw ußnëwufii .E50 US om mw uuflfioß 93.. * of Soov mooo.o fo moo.o mSo Nmo foo Soo äošcofåm 38% ëwøanou moàof Soov .ooooo fo Nooo mSo mNo Soo moo.o boåxråm 38% ëmoâoo woà mo Soov ooooo fo wooo m So mNo foo wooo boää S8: 38% “Éooäoo mob mo Soov mooo.o fo moo.o m So mmo m So wooo någon S8: 38% voäåäu Noà So Soov mooo.o fo moo.o ïoo NNo Soo vooo äošofiåm 38% ëâåäu Såo.S Soov mooo.o So moo.o ïoo NNo Soo moo.o äošoofåm 38%-2o mmà wo Soov ooooo So oooo mSo mNo SSo moo.o bošoofß: 3§%-2o wmà m.m Soov Sooo fo oooo mSo mNo Soo Nooo äošoofåm 3^o_%âo mmà fm Soov Sooo So moo.o ïoo vNo oSo moo.o bfšoofåm 3^°=¥v~o Nmà o.m Soov Sooo fo moo.o mSo mNo SSo Nooo bošoofä: É8%ào Smb:S Soov woooo fo moo.o mSo So ïoo moo.o äošoofåm 3^o=¥2m mwà oo Soov woooo fo moo.o mSo oNo ïoo moo.o boäxråm 38_%-2o wwà bošå foamom Soov voooo fo moo.o mSo So mSo moo.o äošoofß: 38%-2o mwà 38 Soom Soov mooo.o fo oooo foo omo mSo wooo bošQQSQBm 38=~âo Nwb o =< m.m Soov woooo fo moo.o foo oSo mSo vooo sošoofëm 3^°_%-2o Sif om Soov mooo.o fo oooo wSo So foo moo.o boåäfåm 38% ëäauo» m må mo Soov mooo.o fo moo.o foo fo NSo moo.o äošoofß: 38_% Ufioanou wmb m.m Soov mooo.o fo moo.o mSo So mSo vooo äošoofåm 38% ëwoauou mmà m.m Soov mooo.o fo oooo mSo fo NSo moo.o bošoofåm 38% ëmoanâ Nmà wo Soov ooooo So moo.o mSo fo SSo moo.o äošoofä: 38% Uäoanoo Smb oo Soov ooooo So moo.o mSo NNo foo vooo äošoofåm 3^o=¥2m mmà wo Soov Sooo fo oooo mSo mNo Soo moo.o bošoofåm 38=ïuo Ãà im Soov ooooo fo oooo mSo -o foo moo.o bošoofä: 38%-2o mNb oo Soov Sooo fo moo.o NSo mNo foo Soo äošoofåm 3^o=¥2m Nmà m.m Soov .ooooo fo moo.o mSo NNo mSo vooo boäxråm 38_%-2o Så moo.o Soov Sooo fo vooo Soo fo foo moo.o - wæ äošommoo.o Soov ooooo So moo.o mSo oNo ïoo Soo - må ouâoào: A302 _< Z *cwøemâo :ooommonëou Swuwufißooø m2 om U bošoo Snow oåozß So un? n: »ÉHm Bofi. _21- id="p-72" id="p-72"

[0072] .äošofio ooooomowow A3 uno .ooošoo :O A8 *öoošom oooow oömoooo Sv .boošooo oöwnnéooo A8 .oo oäoo är oo ooonm HN*.bošom oooow oömoooo So ošo äoošooo oöänéooo A3 .oo ofio.. Bo.. oo ooäm Ho* ooßoøäxo oånäonoow omm wo .m m.o m.o o.N owm ä molo om wNoomflæxmo wmo oo.m m.o m.o o.N m .m om ïlo om mNuoofiæxmo moo mo.m m.o m.o o.N om om molo om m.m oNuooflæxmo www woo m.o Fo o.N m .m oo Nolo oo mNooñooooxo oÉåoEoO moo mwo m.o Fo o.N m .m ä oolo o wNooßooooxo oÉßäoEoO oNm mo .m m.o Fo o.N m.N % mmAo om mNooooäxmo www o o .m m .o m.o o.N N.N om wmAo om NNuoooäxmo omo mo.m m.o m.o o.N m .N om mmAo om vä oNuoooäxmo ovo woo m.o m.o o.N owN oo NmAo oo oNooooää oåßäoäou woo wwo m.o m.o o.N owN ä omAo o ooooooäxo oååoäou NNm mo .m m.o m.o o.N owN ä mNAo om woooooäxmo mmo mo.m m.o m.o o.N N.N om vNAo om mooooämxmo mmo mo.m m.o m.o o.N omN om mNAo om m.o oouoofiæxmo wmo moo m.o m.o o.N m.N oo NNAo oo mouoâæus »åååoo Nä mä 2 E. ON 2 ä .NA o Eoå o aowä *äåo Éåo *äåo *Éå *äâomoon mmoön N* onoonä N* Eoooä N* onoonä Aåmäoo o* :Eooä Homo. o* oooooä ammo.obooom oooo < oooo < oooo < oooo < oooo o.o o ooäm oomoooošoo oooßo.voošo.o .oZ"ååh Éošn šoffiiuo ågåovo 63 Eëaoäoe ææeqezßooowä oooäoofiëm mwhoooåoä oooošofio ooo bošom oöxoE oo ooooflooëonow uonmm .oooošoo oooooooow ooo ooo .ooošoo :O ooo .ooošoo oooom ooooooo So .oooošoo oooâoåooo ooo .oo ofioo ooo.. 8 ooošo d*.oooošooo oooow oöooooo So ooå oooošooo oöâoàooo Fo .oo ošoo ooo.. oo ooofio Ho* _22- ooooäxo ozooäoëou owm mo.» m .o ».o o.d o.o ä mob o» wmoooëoxmo omo oo.» m.o ».o o.d d.o om woAo om »mooošm woo woo m .o ».o o.d o.o o» mob om o.o omooonäxmo mwo owo m .o ».o o.d o.o oo doAo oo mmooooäxo ozääfloëou mdo dwo m .o ».o o.d o.o ä ooAo o omooooøäxo ozoøæoëow dwm oo .» m .o ».o o.d o.m ä mmAo o» mmooošm mmo mo.» m.o ».o od o.o om wmAo om dmooonäxmo ooo »o.o m.o ».o od o.m o» mmAo om o.o omooošm owo owo m .o ».o od o.o* oo dmb oo omooooäxo ooooooäoëoø ooo mwo m .o ».o od o.m å omAo o odså o små oxmæao ošæeo odšeo oxmæeo oxæåoooooo mooooo d* oosoøä d* oošoøä d* oEooEo exomwåoo o* :Eonä ooo» o* ooEoEo ooo»ooooäm mo: :ooo :ooo mo: mo: _* ooomøo» oo ñowøono oåooooso Aoo ooooomnoü Go :O Go oooow oöooooow So oöäoéooo ooooošoo oooooøooofmo ÉšSoE oooošoo ooo ooošoo oöxoë .oo :ooäoøonom oooâoo v »så _23- id="p-73" id="p-73"

[0073] (Example 3) Mixed powders for powder metallurgy were produced in the same manner asin Example l except that an iron-based powder containing Si and Mn and analloyed steel powder were used, and the performance was evaluated. Table 5lists the compositions ofthe iron-based powder and alloyed steel powder used,and Table 6 lists the blending ratio of each component and the evaluationresults. id="p-74" id="p-74"

[0074] As can be seen from the results in Table 6, as in the case of Examplesl and 2, as the mixing ratio of the iron-based powder increases, the formingdensity increases, and the tensile strength once increases and then decreases.In addition, in each example satisfying the conditions according to the presentdisclosure, the forming density of 6.85 Mg/m3 or more and the tensile strengthof 620 MPa or more were obtained. Further, in Examples 2 and 3 using theraw material powder containing one or both of Si and Mn, it can be seen thatthe tensile strength of the sintered body was improved compared to Example lwhile maintaining the high density of the sintered body. From this follows that it is preferable to add one or both of Si and Mn when importance is attached to strength. _24- id="p-75" id="p-75"

[0075] .ssstsš åsssšsfi öfio så å m ssšsn så s. sss såv ssss så ss.s så så så så ssssssssssssssssssssess sssså såv sss.s så ss.s så så så sss ssssssssssssssssssssess sss.s såv ssss så sss.s så så så ss.s ssssssssssssssssssssess ssss.s såv sså så sss.s så så så sss sssssssssssssssssssssess ssss.s såv ssss.s så så så så så ss.s ssšssssssssssssssssssess sss sssssssssså såv ssss så så så så så ss.s ssšsssssss sssssssss ss ssssíssss såv sså så ss.s så så så så ssšsssssss ssssssès sså såv sss.s så så så så så så sssasssssss sssssssss sså såv ssss.s så så så så så så ssšsssssss ssssssàs ssså såv sså så sss.s så så så så ssšsssssss ssssssàs :sså såv ssss.s så så så så så så - ss .sässss.s såv sss.s så sss.s så så så så - ss sssssssssssoå äs Z *Aâsmwssävssoäswsmsncs ssësnoš sm U ssušofissss Essä? »så n: små. s sså _25- id="p-76" id="p-76"

[0076] .hëšom ofimåw GV vä aowšom :O A8 .äušom 62.2 8.933 SV “hëšom Éânéoæ A3 É _88. 2: 8 082m UN*.Huušom E82 wowêß Sv vä hëšom Éänéoa A8 .É _89. 8: 8 082m ä* Uëšu ëfiåâou 88 83 2 2 3 3 8 m3 8 ä“vassa 88 22 2 2 3 2 8 22 8 äßâšm 82 32 2 2 3 2 8 m3 8 E 8285m 82 82 2 2 3 3 8 8-2 2 Q »ëæä äflšäao 5 22 2 2 3 2 ä :E 2 ä gäss ßsfiååcu 28 :8 2 2 3 3 8 8-2 8 Qåeafi ä M3 2 2 3 3 8 8-2 8 äOëæä 82 3 2 2 3 3 8 8-2 8 2 Gßåæm 88 22 2 2 3 3 8 8-2 2 8 oëäxo šflåâoo 8 82 2 2 3 3 å 8-2 2 8 2:82 Å små šwæav Aåæsv Axmæev šmæev Axwæavñfløn- m N* wâøä N* 23095 N* wâcä o F" www-Og ogmfw f" QQDOEN vâæ.b w fiušsm 23 äë2< 2282 228.22. šwæav äë2< äfia< _o 820 wo fiwâbm 355.8 Sån s É “ovän bwšom T 02 wo 882m Huušom bwšom OZUmš 20852 H 2 2 08.823 öâ ššääfi., sêfqezßädmuu QOfiæfi-wšfl HOUBOQ .am .ÜUÉOQ Uoäwc QOUESÉOW2 »så

Claims (5)

1. A mixed powder for powder metallurgy comprising: (a) an iron-based powder containing Si in an amount of0 mass% to 0.2mass% and Mn in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.4 mass%, with the balance beingFe and ineVitable impurities; and (b) an alloyed steel powder containing Mo in an amount of 2.0 mass%to 21.0 mass%, Si in an amount of 0 mass% to 0.2 mass%, and Mn in anamount of 0 mass% to 0.4 mass%, with the balance being Fe and ineVitableimpurities, wherein a ratio of (b) the alloyed steel powder to a total of (a) the iron-basedpowder and (b) the alloyed steel powder is from 50 mass% to 90 mass%, and a ratio of Mo to the total of (a) the iron-based powder and (b) the alloyed steel powder is from 2.2 mass% to 6.2 mass%.

2. The mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to claim1, further comprising: (c) a Cu powder; and (d) a graphite powder, wherein a ratio of (c) the Cu powder to a total of (a) the iron-based powder, (b)the alloyed steel powder, (c) the Cu powder, and (d) the graphite powder isfrom 0.5 mass% to 4.0 mass%, and a ratio of (d) the graphite powder to the total of (a) the iron-basedpowder, (b) the alloyed steel powder, (c) the Cu powder, and (d) the graphite powder is from 0.2 mass% to 1.0 mass%.

3. The mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to claim2, further comprising: (e) a lubricant, wherein a ratio of (e) the lubricant to the total of (a) the iron-based powder, (b)the alloyed steel powder, (c) the Cu powder, and (d) the graphite powder is from 0.2 mass % to 1.5 mass%.

4. A sintered body obtainable by forming and sintering the mixed _27- powder for powder nietallurgy as recited in any one of clainis 1 to 3.

5. A method for producing a sintered body, coniprising subjectingthe mixed powder for powder nietallurgy as recited in any one of clainis 1 to 3 5 to forniing and sintering to obtain a sintered body.