WO2018130009A1 - 液晶显示器及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

液晶显示器及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018130009A1
WO2018130009A1 PCT/CN2017/112321 CN2017112321W WO2018130009A1 WO 2018130009 A1 WO2018130009 A1 WO 2018130009A1 CN 2017112321 W CN2017112321 W CN 2017112321W WO 2018130009 A1 WO2018130009 A1 WO 2018130009A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
electrode
light
crystal display
lens structure
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PCT/CN2017/112321
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛小辰
董学
陈小川
赵文卿
王海燕
陈祯祐
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/076,046 priority Critical patent/US11314110B2/en
Publication of WO2018130009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018130009A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133617—Illumination with ultraviolet light; Luminescent elements or materials associated to the cell
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/294—Variable focal length devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3607—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals for displaying colours or for displaying grey scales with a specific pixel layout, e.g. using sub-pixels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
    • G09G2330/02—Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
    • G09G2330/021—Power management, e.g. power saving

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of liquid crystal display technologies, and in particular, to a liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof.
  • the display principle of the existing liquid crystal display panel can be summarized as follows: natural light is converted into linearly polarized light by a polarizer on the array substrate, and a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode and the common electrode so that an electric field is formed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer rotate under the action of an electric field, thereby changing the polarization state of the linearly polarized light.
  • the polarizer on the color filter substrate detects the linearly polarized light.
  • the polarization state of the light can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the electric field, and the difference in the polarization state means that the brightness of the light detected from the polarizer on the color filter substrate is different, thereby realizing gray scale display of the image.
  • the laminated structure of the upper and lower polarizers in the conventional liquid crystal display structure increases the thickness of the liquid crystal display device, which is contrary to the tendency to make the liquid crystal display lighter and thinner.
  • the use of polarizers results in at least 50% of the light energy being lost.
  • the brightness of the liquid crystal display device can be satisfied only by increasing the brightness of the backlight, which undoubtedly increases the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the present disclosure provides an improved liquid crystal display and method of driving the same that is capable of at least partially alleviating or even eliminating the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned above.
  • An aspect of the present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display including a backlight, the backlight including a plurality of light sources, a lower substrate located on a light outgoing side of the backlight, and an upper substrate disposed opposite the lower substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; a first electrode on a side of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer and a second electrode on a side of the lower substrate facing the liquid crystal layer; and a light shielding structure corresponding to the plurality of light sources, each of which is shielded from light The structure overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding light source on the lower substrate.
  • each of the light sources is collimated into the liquid crystal layer, and the first and second electrodes are configured to form an electric field in response to voltages applied to the first and second electrodes
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the electric field region are deflected to form a convex lens structure.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a control unit configured to adjust a voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode to adjust a curvature of the lens structure.
  • the greater the curvature of the lens structure the greater the angle of exit of the light emerging from the lens structure.
  • the greater the voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode the greater the curvature of the lens structure.
  • the thicker the equivalent path length of the lens structure in the cell thickness direction of the liquid crystal display the greater the effective refractive index of the lens structure.
  • the liquid crystal display includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels are in one-to-one correspondence with the lens structure, and the lens structure is in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of light sources.
  • the first electrode is a planar electrode and the second electrode comprises a plurality of electrode units.
  • the first electrode is a planar electrode and the second electrode comprises a plurality of electrode units.
  • the electrode units are arranged in an array.
  • the distance between adjacent ones of the electrode units is less than or equal to 3 um.
  • the electrode unit is a bulk electrode.
  • the electrode unit is a ring structure.
  • the lens structure is a spherical structure and the light shielding structure is aligned with a center position of the spherical structure.
  • the light blocking structure is a circular structure.
  • the light shielding structure is between the first electrode and the upper substrate.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a first alignment film between the light shielding structure and the liquid crystal layer; and a second alignment film between the liquid crystal layer and the second electrode.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a light color conversion layer, wherein the light color conversion layer is located on a side of the upper substrate facing the first electrode, and is configured to pass through the liquid crystal layer and The light corresponding to the lens structure is converted into monochromatic light.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a light color conversion layer, wherein the light color conversion layer is located on a side of the lower substrate facing the second electrode, and is configured to emit the backlight and The light corresponding to the lens structure is converted into monochromatic light.
  • the light color conversion layer comprises a beam splitting film or a color filter film.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a driving method for any of the above liquid crystal displays.
  • the method includes: receiving an image signal to be displayed; controlling a voltage applied to the first electrode and the second electrode according to a grayscale value to be displayed of each sub-pixel in the image signal to be displayed, to control a convex lens structure Curvature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic views respectively showing a lens structure in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another lens structure in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a refractive index of a lens structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7(a) and 7(b) are schematic structural views of a light shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 9(a) and 9(b) are schematic structural views of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) are schematic structural views of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof for reducing the use of a polarizer in a conventional liquid crystal display, thereby achieving the purpose of making the liquid crystal display device lighter and thinner and more energy-saving.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display, as shown in FIG. 1 , comprising: a backlight 01 , a lower substrate 02 located on the light exit side of the backlight 01 , and an upper substrate 03 opposite to the lower substrate 02 , located on the upper substrate 03 and
  • the liquid crystal layer 04 is disposed between the lower substrate 02, wherein the backlight 01 includes a plurality of light sources 011, and light emitted from each of the light sources 011 is collimated into the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • Light source 011 can be a collimated light source including, but not limited to, a laser source.
  • the light emitted by the collimated source can be considered substantially collimated light.
  • the light source 011 may also include a combination of a light emitting device and an optical element (for example, a polarizer) to enable collimated light, and the present invention does not limit the specific form of the light source.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a first electrode 06 on a side of the upper substrate 03 facing the liquid crystal layer 04 and a second electrode 07 on a side of the lower substrate 02 facing the liquid crystal layer 04, and is configured to be adjusted.
  • a control unit (not shown) for the voltage difference between the electrode 06 and the second electrode 07.
  • the first electrode 06 is a planar electrode
  • the second electrode 07 includes a plurality of electrode units 071.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a light shielding structure 08 corresponding to the light source 011 of the backlight 01, and the light source 011 of the backlight 01 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding light shielding structure 08 on the lower substrate 02.
  • the first electrode 06 and each of the electrode units 071 are configured to receive different voltages while the liquid crystal display is operating to form an electric field such that liquid crystal molecules in the electric field region are deflected to form a convex lens structure.
  • the control unit is configured to adjust the voltage difference between the first electrode 06 and each of the electrode units 071 to adjust the curvature of the convex lens structure formed by the liquid crystal molecules in the electric field region.
  • the light-shielding structure in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the upper substrate, or between the liquid crystal layer and the lower substrate, and is not specifically limited herein.
  • FIG. 1 only the light shielding structure 08 is disposed between the first electrode 06 and the liquid crystal layer 04, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the light shielding structure in the embodiment of the present disclosure has a one-to-one correspondence with the light source in the backlight, and is configured to block the light emitted by the corresponding light source in the backlight, thereby realizing All black mode.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display are negative liquid crystals
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the upper substrate and/or the lower substrate, and there is no potential difference between the first electrode and each electrode unit, so the liquid crystal The liquid crystal molecules in the layer are not deflected, and no lens structure is formed in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the light beam emitted from the light source in the backlight is directly incident on the light shielding structure, and the full black mode is realized due to the occlusion of the light shielding structure.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display are positive liquid crystals, in the initial state, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular to the upper substrate and/or the lower substrate, and the initial state of the liquid crystal display is the normally white mode.
  • a voltage difference is formed between the first electrode and each electrode unit such that liquid crystal molecules in the corresponding region are deflected, and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the first electrode and each electrode unit The electric field lines in the vertical direction.
  • the collimated light emitted by the light source is refracted by the lens structure and then incident on the light shielding structure, thereby achieving the all black mode due to the occlusion of the light shielding structure.
  • the electric field between the first electrode and each electrode unit can control the liquid crystal molecules of the corresponding regions in the liquid crystal layer to deflect to form a convex lens structure.
  • the control unit may adjust a voltage difference between the first electrode and each of the electrode units to control the curvature of the lens structure formed by the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal layer forms a convex lens structure under the action of the voltage difference between the first electrode and each electrode unit.
  • the collimated light emitted from the light-emitting side of the backlight is refracted to a different extent by the refraction of the lens structure.
  • a part of the light refracted to a different extent is blocked by the light-shielding structure, and a part is not blocked by the light-shielding structure and is emitted from the light-emitting surface of the liquid crystal display.
  • the brightness of each display area of the liquid crystal display can be adjusted, thereby realizing gray scale display. Need to point out Therefore, since the collimated light emitted from the light-emitting side of the backlight is uniform and belongs to linearly polarized light, the light after the refraction of the convex lens structure is still polarized light.
  • the liquid crystal display provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure does not need to adopt a polarizer to realize gray scale display, thereby greatly reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal display, reducing the power consumption of the liquid crystal display, and making the liquid crystal display device thinner and more energy-saving.
  • curvature is a measure of the degree of geometric unevenness, and the reciprocal of curvature is the radius of curvature.
  • the radius of curvature of the arc is the radius of the circle formed when the arc is part of a circle.
  • the convex lens structure refracts incident collimated light.
  • gray scale display is achieved by the refraction of a convex lens structure in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the convex structure in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, a hemispherical shape, a multi-hemispherical shape, or a less hemispherical shape or a semi-elliptical structure, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the light shielding structure 08 is disposed between the upper substrate 03 and the first electrode 06, and the curvature of the convex lens structure shown in FIG. 2(a)
  • the curvature of the lens structure larger than that shown in Fig. 2(b), that is, the curved surface of the lens structure shown in Fig. 2(a) is more curved and the curvature is larger.
  • each lens structure corresponds to one sub-pixel for controlling the sub-image.
  • the gray scale display of the prime is shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b).
  • the collimated light emitted by the backlight is incident on the same brightness of each lens structure, but the area of light incident on the upper substrate after being refracted by different lens structures may be different.
  • the light may be incident on a sub-pixel corresponding to the lens, or may be incident on a sub-pixel adjacent to the sub-pixel corresponding to the lens.
  • the smaller the exit angle of the outgoing light passing through the lens structure the smaller the area of the light incident on the upper substrate, the smaller the gray scale value of the corresponding sub-pixel of the lens structure; conversely, the outgoing light passing through the lens structure
  • the larger the exit angle the larger the area of light incident on the upper substrate, and the larger the gray scale value of the corresponding sub-pixel of the lens structure.
  • the curvature of the lens structure is formed by the electric field between the first electrode and each electrode unit, and therefore, the curvature of the lens structure is larger, and the lens structure is applied.
  • the liquid crystal display includes a first electrode 06 and each electrode unit 071, and from left to right, the absolute values of the voltage differences between the respective electrode units 071 and the first electrodes are sequentially V1, V2. V3 and V4, and V1 > V2 > V3 > V4, so that the curvature of the lens structure is sequentially reduced.
  • the thickness of the equivalent optical path of each lens structure in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal display is thicker, that is, the curvature of the lens structure is larger, and the effective refractive index of the lens structure is higher. Big. Specifically, for each lens structure, the direction of the electric field lines of the thickest portion in the thickness direction is parallel to the upper substrate or the lower substrate, and the direction of the electric field lines of the thinnest portion in the thickness direction is perpendicular to the upper substrate or the lower substrate. Substrate.
  • the liquid crystal is a birefringent material, as shown in FIG. 4, having a normal refractive index n o and an abnormal refractive index n e .
  • the lens structure formed of the liquid crystal has an effective refractive index n eff .
  • the effective refractive index n eff of the formed lens structure can be varied between the normal refractive index n o and the abnormal refractive index n e .
  • the exit angle of the collimated light after being refracted by the lens structure can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the proportion of light blocked by the light-shielding structure, thereby adjusting the brightness of the liquid crystal display device.
  • each of the electrode units 071 is arranged in an array. It should be noted that although the block structure of each electrode unit is taken as an example in FIG. 5, the present disclosure is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 5, and the electrode unit may have any other shape.
  • each sub-pixel corresponds to a convex lens structure
  • the gray scale display of each sub-pixel is realized by the difference in curvature of the convex lens structure.
  • Each of the electrode units is arranged in an array, and in order to make the projection of the lens structure formed between the first electrode and each of the electrode units on the lower substrate the same, the structure of each electrode unit can be made the same.
  • the lens structure formed under the action of the electric field between the first electrode and each electrode unit have a good refractive effect
  • between adjacent electrode units The distance is less than or equal to 3um.
  • each of the electrode units is a bulk electrode.
  • an electric field between the adjacent four electrode units 071 and the first electrode forms a convex lens structure.
  • each of the electrode units 071 has a ring structure.
  • Each of the electrode units 071 forms a convex lens structure with the first electrode, and since the electrode unit 071 has a ring structure, the convex lens structure is more inclined to a spherical structure.
  • the lens structure formed of liquid crystal molecules is a spherical structure
  • the light shielding structure corresponds to a center position of the spherical lens structure.
  • the light shielding structure is a circular pattern.
  • each of the electrode units is disposed in a ring structure such that the electrode unit of each of the ring structures forms a separate spherical lens structure with the first electrode.
  • Each spherical lens structure has a one-to-one correspondence with the sub-pixels. Since the collimated light is polarized light and is refracted by the spherical lens structure, the emitted light is still polarized light, so that the use of the polarizer to achieve gray scale display can be avoided.
  • the light shielding structure 08 is located between the first electrode 06 and the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • the light shielding structure 08 may also be disposed between the lower substrate 02 and the liquid crystal layer 04.
  • the light shielding structure 08 may be disposed between the second electrode (each electrode unit 071) and the lower substrate 02, or between the second electrode (each electrode unit 071) and the liquid crystal layer 04, which is not limited herein. .
  • the shape of the light shielding structure 08 is a circular structure that corresponds one-to-one with the light source of the backlight.
  • the shape of the light shielding structure 08 is a square structure corresponding to the light source of the backlight.
  • the liquid crystal display further includes a first alignment film 09 between the first electrode 06 and the liquid crystal layer 04, and a liquid crystal layer 04 and a second layer. a second alignment film 10 between the electrodes (each electrode unit 071), the first alignment film and the second alignment film being configured to adjust an initial arrangement direction of the negative liquid crystal
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display are positive liquid crystals
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular to the upper substrate and/or the lower substrate, so the liquid crystal display of the structure does not need to be provided with the first alignment film.
  • a second oriented film is used to indicate the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the initial state.
  • the liquid crystal display in order to realize color display, as shown in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b), the liquid crystal display further includes a light color conversion layer 11.
  • the light color conversion layer 11 is located on the side of the upper substrate 03 facing the first electrode 06, and is configured to convert light that transmits through the liquid crystal layer and is corresponding to each lens structure into monochromatic light.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer 11 may be disposed between the light shielding structure 08 and the first electrode 06.
  • the light color conversion layer 11 is located on a side of the second electrode (each electrode unit 071) facing the lower substrate 02, and is configured to emit a backlight and correspond to each lens structure. The light is converted to monochromatic light.
  • Light color conversion layers corresponding to different sub-pixels convert light emitted by the backlight into light of different colors to achieve color display.
  • the liquid crystal display includes: a first alignment film 09 disposed between the first electrode 06 and the liquid crystal layer 04, and disposed between the liquid crystal layer 04 and the second electrode (each electrode unit 071) The two alignment film 10, and the color conversion layer 11 disposed between the light shielding structure 08 and the upper substrate 03.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 can also be combined with the embodiment shown in Fig. 9(b). As shown in FIG.
  • the liquid crystal display includes: a first alignment film 09 disposed between the first electrode 06 and the liquid crystal layer 04, and disposed between the liquid crystal layer 04 and the second electrode (each electrode unit 071)
  • the two alignment film 10 and the light color conversion layer 11 disposed between the second electrode (each electrode unit 071) and the lower substrate 02.
  • the light color conversion layer 11 may also be disposed between any of the film layers between the liquid crystal layer 04 and the upper substrate 03, or between any of the film layers between the lower substrate 02 and the liquid crystal layer 04, and is not specifically described herein. limited.
  • the light shielding structure 08 and the light color conversion layer 11 may also be disposed in the same layer.
  • the liquid crystal display may be an RGB liquid crystal display including a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel.
  • the LCD monitor can also Other types of color liquid crystal displays are known to those skilled in the art.
  • one lens structure corresponds to one sub-pixel, that is, the light color conversion layer converts light of a region corresponding to each lens structure into light of one color.
  • the light color conversion layer 11 includes a light splitting film or a color filter film.
  • any of the electrodes may be a transparent electrode.
  • each of the first electrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode, thereby preventing the electrode from blocking light.
  • the material of the electrode may include a material such as indium tin oxide, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the second electrode may include multiple The electrode unit and the second electrode may be planar electrodes.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a driving method for the liquid crystal display according to any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the method includes: receiving an image signal to be displayed; adjusting a voltage supplied to the first electrode and the second electrode according to a grayscale value to be displayed of each sub-pixel in the image signal to be displayed, to control a curvature of the convex lens structure .
  • the first electrode and each of the electrode units are configured to control the liquid crystal molecules of the corresponding regions in the liquid crystal layer to be deflected to form a convexity.
  • a lens structure configured to adjust a voltage difference between the first electrode and each electrode unit to control a curvature of the formed lens structure. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer forms a convex lens structure under the action of the voltage difference between the first electrode and each electrode unit.
  • the collimated light emitted from the light-emitting side of the backlight has the same direction, and the light after the refraction of the convex lens structure is still polarized. It can be seen that the liquid crystal display provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure does not need to adopt a polarizer to realize gray scale display, thereby greatly reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal display and reducing the power consumption of the liquid crystal display, so that the liquid crystal display device is more light and thin, and energy-saving.

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Abstract

一种液晶显示器及其驱动方法。液晶显示器包括背光源（01），背光源（01）包括多个光源（011）；位于背光源（01）出光侧的下基板（02）；与下基板（02）相对设置的上基板（03）；位于上基板（03）与下基板（02）之间的液晶层（04）；位于上基板（03）面向液晶层（04）一侧的第一电极（06）和位于下基板（02）面向液晶层（04）一侧的第二电极（07）；以及与多个光源（011）一一对应的遮光结构（08），每一个遮光结构（08）与对应的光源（011）在下基板（02）上的正投影重叠。由每一光源（011）发出的光准直入射到液晶层（04）中，并且第一电极（06）和第二电极（07）配置成响应于施加在第一电极（06）和第二电极（07）上的电压而形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构。

Description

液晶显示器及其驱动方法
相关申请
本申请要求享有2017年1月13日提交的中国专利申请No.201710025917.0的优先权，其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及液晶显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种液晶显示器及其驱动方法。
背景技术
随着显示领域技术的飞速发展，人们对显示器件的要求越来越高。轻薄、节能始终是显示器件的发展目标。
现有液晶显示面板的显示原理可以概述如下：通过阵列基板上的偏光片将自然光转换为线偏振光，对像素电极和公共电极施加电压，使得在液晶层的两侧形成电场。液晶层中的液晶分子在电场作用下发生旋转，从而改变线偏振光的偏振状态。彩膜基板上的偏光片对线偏振光进行检偏。通过控制电场的大小可以控制光的偏振状态，而偏振状态的不同意味着从彩膜基板上的偏光片检出的光的亮度不同，从而实现图像的灰阶显示。
然而，现有液晶显示器结构中的上、下偏光片的层叠结构增加了液晶显示器件的厚度，这有悖于使得液晶显示器更加轻薄的趋势。此外，偏光片的使用使得至少50％的光能被损耗掉。作为结果，只能依靠提高背光亮度来满足液晶显示器件的亮度要求，这无疑增加了液晶显示器件的功耗。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种改进的液晶显示器及其驱动方法，其能够至少部分地缓解或甚至消除以上提到的现有技术中的缺点。
本公开的一方面提供了一种液晶显示器，包括背光源，所述背光源包括多个光源；位于所述背光源出光侧的下基板；与所述下基板相对设置的上基板；位于所述上基板与所述下基板之间的液晶层；位于 所述上基板面向所述液晶层一侧的第一电极和位于所述下基板面向所述液晶层一侧的第二电极；以及与所述多个光源一一对应的遮光结构，每一个遮光结构与对应的光源在所述下基板上的正投影重叠。由每一所述光源发出的光准直入射到所述液晶层中，并且所述第一电极和第二电极配置成响应于施加在所述第一电极和第二电极上的电压而形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器还包括控制单元，所述控制单元配置成调节所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压差，以调节所述透镜结构的曲率。
在一些实施例中，所述透镜结构的曲率越大，从透镜结构出射的光的出射角度越大。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压差越大，所述透镜结构的曲率越大。
在一些实施例中，透镜结构在沿所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向的等效光程厚度越厚，所述透镜结构的有效折射率越大。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器包括呈阵列排布的多个子像素，其中，所述多个子像素与所述透镜结构一一对应，并且所述透镜结构与所述多个光源一一对应。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电极为面状电极，并且所述第二电极包括多个电极单元。
在一些实施例中，所述第一电极为面状电极，并且所述第二电极包括多个电极单元。
在一些实施例中，所述电极单元呈阵列排布。
在一些实施例中，相邻的所述电极单元之间的距离小于或等于3um。
在一些实施例中，所述电极单元为块状电极。
在一些实施例中，所述电极单元为环状结构。
在一些实施例中，所述透镜结构为球状结构，且所述遮光结构与球状结构的中心位置对准。
在一些实施例中，所述遮光结构为圆形结构。
在一些实施例中，所述遮光结构位于所述第一电极与所述上基板之间。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器还包括位于所述遮光结构与所述液晶层之间的第一取向膜；以及位于所述液晶层与所述第二电极之间的第二取向膜。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器还包括光色转换层，其中，所述光色转换层位于所述上基板面向所述第一电极的一侧，并且配置成将透过所述液晶层且与所述透镜结构对应的光转换为单色光。
在一些实施例中，液晶显示器还包括光色转换层，其中，所述光色转换层位于所述下基板面向所述第二电极的一侧，并且配置成将所述背光源发射且与所述透镜结构对应的光转换为单色光。
在一些实施例中，所述光色转换层包括分光膜或彩色滤光膜。
本公开的另一方面提供了一种用于上述任一种液晶显示器的驱动方法。所述方法包括：接收待显示图像信号；根据所述待显示图像信号中每个子像素的待显示灰阶值，控制施加到第一电极和第二电极的电压，以控制凸状的透镜结构的曲率。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图2(a)和图2(b)分别为本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器中的透镜结构的示意图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器中的另一种透镜结构的示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的透镜结构的折射率的曲线示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的一种电极的结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的另一种电极的结构示意图；
图7(a)和图7(b)分别为本公开实施例提供的遮光结构的结构示意图；
图8为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图9(a)和图9(b)分别为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图10(a)和图10(b)分别为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开的实施例作进一步地详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开实施例提供一种液晶显示器及其驱动方法，用以减少传统的液晶显示器中的偏光片的使用，从而达到液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能的目的。
需要指出的是，附图中各部件的形状和大小不反映真实比例，目的只是示意说明本公开中的实施例。
本公开实施例提供了一种液晶显示器，如图1所示，包括：背光源01，位于背光源01出光侧的下基板02，与下基板02相对设置的上基板03，位于上基板03与下基板02之间液晶层04，其中背光源01包括多个光源011，每一光源011发出的光准直入射到液晶层04中。
光源011可以是准直光源，包括但不限于激光光源。准直光源发出的光可以基本上被认为是准直光。当然，光源011也可以包括发光器件和光学元件(例如偏光片)的组合，以能够发出准直光，本发明对光源的具体形式不作限制。
进一步地，如图1所示，液晶显示器还包括位于上基板03面向液晶层04一侧的第一电极06和位于下基板02面向液晶层04一侧的第二电极07，以及配置成调节第一电极06和第二电极07之间的电压差的控制单元(图中未画出)。特别地，第一电极06为面状电极，并且第二电极07包括多个电极单元071。
液晶显示器还包括与背光源01的光源011一一对应的遮光结构08，且背光源01的光源011与对应的遮光结构08在下基板02上的正投影重叠。
在液晶显示器进行显示时，第一电极06和各电极单元071配置成在液晶显示器运行时接收不同的电压以形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状透镜结构。相应地，控制单元配置成调节第一电极06和各电极单元071之间的电压差，以调节由电场区域内的液晶分子形成的凸状透镜结构的曲率。
本公开实施例中的遮光结构可以设置在液晶层与上基板之间，或者设置在液晶层与下基板之间，在此不做具体限定。图1中仅以遮光结构08设置在第一电极06和液晶层04之间为例，但本公开的实施例不限于此。
在实施例中，为了实现灰阶显示中的全黑模式，本公开实施例中的遮光结构与背光源中的光源一一对应，并且配置成遮挡背光源中的相应光源发射的光，从而实现全黑模式。具体地，当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为负性液晶时，在初始状态下，液晶分子的长轴平行于上基板和/或下基板，第一电极和各电极单元之间没有电势差，因此液晶层中的液晶分子不发生偏转，且液晶层中没有形成透镜结构。在该情况下，背光源中的光源所发射的光束直接入射到遮光结构，并且由于遮光结构的遮挡而实现全黑模式。当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为正性液晶时，在初始状态下，液晶分子的长轴垂直于上基板和/或下基板，液晶显示器的初始状态为常白模式。为了实现液晶显示器的全黑模式，在第一电极和各电极单元之间形成电压差，使得相应区域中的液晶分子发生偏转，且使得液晶分子的长轴平行于第一电极与各电极单元之间的竖直方向的电场线。此时，光源所发射的准直光经过透镜结构的折射后入射到遮光结构，从而由于遮光结构的遮挡而实现全黑模式。
本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器在显示时，第一电极和各电极单元之间的电场可以控制液晶层中对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构。控制单元可调节第一电极和各电极单元之间的电压差，以控制由液晶分子所形成的透镜结构的曲率。因此，在本公开的实施例中，在第一电极和各电极单元之间的电压差的作用下，液晶层形成凸状的透镜结构。通过该透镜结构的折射作用，对从背光源出光侧出射的准直光进行不同程度的折射。经不同程度折射的光一部分被遮光结构遮挡，一部分未被遮光结构遮挡并且从液晶显示器的出光面出射。通过调节每一个区域中的第一电极与相应电极单元之间的电压差，可以调节该区域中的液晶分子的偏转程度，从而调节该区域中的液晶分子所形成的透镜结构的曲率，因而调节从背光源中的相应光源发射的准直光经过液晶层后的折射程度，即，调节被相应遮光结构遮挡的光的比例。通过调节被各个遮光结构遮挡的光的比例，可以调节液晶显示器的各个显示区域的亮度，从而实现灰阶显示。需要指出的 是，由于从背光源出光侧出射的准直光方向一致且属于线偏振光，因此经过凸状的透镜结构的折射作用后的光仍旧为偏振光。
本公开实施例中提供的液晶显示器无需采用偏光片来实现灰阶显示，从而大幅减小液晶显示器的厚度，降低液晶显示器的功耗，使得液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能。
如本文中所使用的，术语“曲率”是几何体不平坦程度的一种衡量，曲率的倒数就是曲率半径。圆弧的曲率半径，就是以这段圆弧为一个圆的一部分时，所成的圆的半径。曲率半径越大，圆弧越平缓，曲率半径越小，圆弧越陡。因此，凸状的透镜结构的曲率越大，曲率半径越小，凸状的透镜结构的弧状越陡，对准直光的折射越大。凸状的透镜结构对入射的准直光进行折射。由于凸状的透镜结构的曲率不同，因此对准直光进行折射后的出射光的角度不同，从而实现灰阶显示。进一步地，由于进入凸状的透镜结构的入射光为准直偏振光，因此经过透镜结构的折射后出射的光依然是偏振光，因而可以避免采用偏光片来实现灰阶显示。在本公开实施例中，通过液晶层中的凸状的透镜结构的折射作用实现灰阶显示。且本公开实施例中的凸状结构包括但不限于半球状、多半球状或者少半球状、半椭圆状的结构，在此不做具体限定。
下面结合具体实施例，对本公开的原理进行详细说明。需要说明的是，本实施例中是为了更好的解释本公开，但不限制本公开。
在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，通过控制透镜结构的曲率，实现灰阶显示，且透镜结构的曲率越大，对背光源的光进行折射的角度越大，透镜结构对应的灰阶越大。具体地，如图2(a)和图2(b)所示，遮光结构08设置在上基板03和第一电极06之间，并且图2(a)所示的凸状的透镜结构的曲率大于图2(b)所示的透镜结构的曲率，即图2(a)所示的透镜结构的曲面更加弯曲、曲率越大。换言之，形成的透镜结构在盒厚方向(垂直于上基板和/或下基板的方向)上厚度越厚，则曲率越大。透镜结构的曲率越大，对光的折射就越大，使得出射的光线进行分散后，入射到上基板上的面积越大。反之，如图2(b)所示的透镜结构的曲率较小，对光的折射就越小，使得出射的光线进行分散的程度相对较小，入射到上基板上的面积较小。如图2(a)和2(b)所示，每一透镜结构对应一个子像素，用于控制该子像 素的灰阶显示。最初，背光源所发射的准直光入射到每一透镜结构的亮度相同，但是经过不同透镜结构的折射后入射到上基板上的光的面积可能不同。通过透镜结构的折射，光线可入射到与该透镜对应的子像素上，或者可入射到与该透镜对应的子像素相邻的子像素上。因此，经过透镜结构的出射光的出射角度越小，入射到上基板上的光的面积越小，则该透镜结构对应的子像素的灰阶值就越小；反之，经过透镜结构的出射光的出射角度越大，入射到上基板上的光的面积越大，则该透镜结构对应的子像素的灰阶值就越大。
在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，透镜结构的曲率是在第一电极和各电极单元之间的电场的作用下形成的，因此，透镜结构的曲率越大，则施加在形成透镜结构的液晶分子对应的电极结构之间的电压差越大。具体地，如图3所示，液晶显示器包括第一电极06和各电极单元071，并且由左向右，各个电极单元071与第一电极之间的电压差的绝对值依次为V1、V2、V3和V4，且V1＞V2＞V3＞V4，使得透镜结构的曲率依次减小。
在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，每一透镜结构在沿液晶显示器的盒厚方向上的等效光程厚度越厚，即透镜结构的曲率越大，则透镜结构的有效折射率越大。具体地，针对每一透镜结构，盒厚方向上最厚的部分的电场线的方向平行于上基板或者下基板，并且盒厚方向上最薄的部分的电场线的方向垂直于上基板或下基板。
如本领域技术人员已知的，液晶为双折射材料，如图4所示，具有正常折射率no和异常折射率ne。在向液晶分子施加电压以形成凸状的透镜结构时，由液晶所形成的透镜结构具有有效折射率neff。通过向液晶分子施加不同的电压，可以使得所形成的透镜结构的有效折射率neff在正常折射率no和异常折射率ne之间变化。通过调节透镜结构的有效折射率neff，可以调节准直光经过透镜结构折射后的出射角度，从而调节被遮光结构遮挡的光的比例，进而调节液晶显示装置的亮度。
在根据本公开的另一实施例提供的液晶显示器中，参见图5，各电极单元071呈阵列排布。需要指出的是，尽管图5中以各电极单元为块状结构为例，但本公开不限于图5所示的结构，电极单元还可以为其他任一形状。
具体地，第一电极和各电极单元之间形成的透镜结构与子像素一 一对应，即，每一子像素对应一个凸状的透镜结构，通过凸状的透镜结构的曲率的不同来实现各个子像素的灰阶显示。各电极单元呈阵列排布，并且为了使得第一电极和各电极单元之间形成的透镜结构在下基板上的投影相同，可以使得各电极单元的结构相同。
特别地，为了使得在第一电极和各电极单元之间的电场的作用下形成的透镜结构具有较好的折射作用，在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，相邻的电极单元之间的距离小于或等于3um。当各电极单元之间的距离足够小时，形成的透镜结构足够小，从而使得形成的透镜结构具有较好的折射作用。
在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，参见图5，各电极单元为块状电极。当各电极单元为块状结构时，相邻四个电极单元071与第一电极之间的电场形成一个凸状的透镜结构。
可替换地，如图6所示，各电极单元071为环状结构。每一电极单元071与第一电极形成凸状的透镜结构，且由于电极单元071为环状结构，因此形成凸状的透镜结构更趋向于球状结构。
在示例实施例中，当电极单元071为环状结构时，由液晶分子形成的透镜结构为球状结构，且遮光结构与球状透镜结构的中心位置对应。例如，遮光结构为圆形图案。在示例性实施例中，将各个电极单元设置成环状结构，使得每一环状结构的电极单元与第一电极形成独立的球状的透镜结构。每一球状的透镜结构与子像素一一对应。由于准直光为偏振光，且经过球状的透镜结构的折射后，出射光依然是偏振光，因此可以避免采用偏光片来实现灰阶显示。
在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，参见图1，遮光结构08位于第一电极06与液晶层04之间。可替换地，遮光结构08还可以设置在下基板02和液晶层04之间。例如，遮光结构08还可以设置在第二电极(各电极单元071)与下基板02之间，或者，设置在第二电极(各电极单元071)与液晶层04之间，在此不做限定。
具体地，如图7(a)所示，遮光结构08的形状为与背光源的光源一一对应的圆形结构。可替换地，如图7(b)所示，遮光结构08的形状为与背光源的光源一一对应的方形结构。
当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为负性液晶时，在初始状态下，液晶分子的长轴平行于上基板和/或下基板，此时需要复杂的Rubbing方式 改变液晶分子的初始排布。可替换地，在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，参见图8，液晶显示器还包括位于第一电极06与液晶层04之间的第一取向膜09，以及位于液晶层04与第二电极(各电极单元071)之间的第二取向膜10，所述第一取向膜和第二取向膜配置成调节负性液晶的初始排布方向
相比之下，当液晶显示器中的液晶分子为正性液晶时，在初始状态下，液晶分子的长轴垂直于上基板和/或下基板，因此该结构的液晶显示器无需设置第一取向膜和第二取向膜。
在本公开的另一实施例提供的液晶显示器中，为了实现彩色显示，如图9(a)和图9(b)所示，液晶显示器还包括光色转换层11。光色转换层11位于上基板03面向第一电极06的一侧，并且配置成将透过液晶层且与各透镜结构对应区域的光转换为单色光。具体地，如图9(a)中所示，光电转换层11可以设置在遮光结构08和第一电极06之间。可替换地，如图9(b)所示，光色转换层11位于第二电极(各电极单元071)面向下基板02的一侧，并且配置成将背光源发出且与各透镜结构对应区域的光转换为单色光。对应于不同子像素的光色转换层将背光源所发射的光转换成不同颜色的光，以实现彩色显示。
图8所示的实施例可以与图9(a)所示的实施例组合。如图10(a)所示，液晶显示器包括：设置在第一电极06和液晶层04之间第一取向膜09，设置在液晶层04和第二电极(各电极单元071)之间的第二取向膜10，以及设置在遮光结构08和上基板03之间的光色转换层11。图8所示的实施例还可以与图9(b)所示的实施例组合。如图10(b)所示，液晶显示器包括：设置在第一电极06和液晶层04之间第一取向膜09，设置在液晶层04和第二电极(各电极单元071)之间的第二取向膜10，以及设置在第二电极(各电极单元071)和下基板02之间的光色转换层11。光色转换层11还可以设置在液晶层04和上基板03之间的任一膜层之间，或者设置在下基板02和液晶层04之间的任一膜层之间，在此不做具体限定。特别地，遮光结构08和光色转换层11也可以同层设置。
需要说明的是，经过光色转换层的具有特定颜色的光对应于彩色液晶显示器中的一种子像素。液晶显示器可以是RGB液晶显示器，包括红色子像素、蓝色子像素和绿色子像素。当然，液晶显示器也可以 是本领域技术人员已知的其它类型的彩色液晶显示器。
在本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器中，一个透镜结构对应一个子像素，即光色转换层将与各透镜结构对应的区域的光转换成一种颜色的光。
在本公开实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，光色转换层11包括分光膜或彩色滤光膜。
在本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器中，任一电极可以为透明电极。特别地，第一电极和第二电极中的各个电极单元均为透明电极，从而避免电极对光线的遮挡作用。电极的材料可以包括氧化铟锡等材料，在此不做具体限定。
需要指出的是，尽管以上以第一电极为面状电极并且第二电极包括多个电极单元为例描述了本公开的实施例，但是在可替换的实施例中，第二电极可以包括多个电极单元并且第二电极可以为面状电极。
基于相同的发明思想，本公开实施例还提供了一种用于前述实施例中任一实施例所述的液晶显示器的驱动方法。该方法包括：接收待显示图像信号；根据所述待显示图像信号中每个子像素的待显示灰阶值，调节提供给第一电极和第二电极的电压，以控制凸状的透镜结构的曲率。
综上所述，对于本公开实施例提供的液晶显示器及其驱动方法，在显示时，所述第一电极和各电极单元配置成控制所述液晶层中对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构；所述控制单元配置成调节所述第一电极和各电极单元之间的电压差，以控制形成的所述透镜结构的曲率。因此，在第一电极和各电极单元之间的电压差的作用下，液晶层形成凸状的透镜结构。通过该凸状的透镜结构的折射作用，将从背光源出光侧出射的准直光进行不同程度的折射，从而实现灰阶显示。从背光源出光侧出射的准直光方向一致，且经过凸状的透镜结构的折射作用后的光仍旧为偏振光。可见，本公开实施例中提供的液晶显示器无需采用偏光片来实现灰阶显示，从而大幅减小液晶显示器的厚度，并降低液晶显示器的功耗，使得液晶显示器件更加轻薄、节能。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本公开进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本公开的精神和范围。这样，倘若本公开的这些修改和变型属于 本公开权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本公开也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种液晶显示器，包括：
    背光源，包括多个光源；
    位于所述背光源出光侧的下基板；
    与所述下基板相对设置的上基板；
    位于所述上基板与所述下基板之间的液晶层；
    位于所述上基板面向所述液晶层一侧的第一电极和位于所述下基板面向所述液晶层一侧的第二电极；以及
    与所述多个光源一一对应的遮光结构，每一个遮光结构与对应的光源在所述下基板上的正投影重叠，
    其中，
    由每一所述光源发出的光准直入射到所述液晶层中，
    所述第一电极和第二电极配置成响应于施加在所述第一电极和第二电极上的电压而形成电场，使得电场区域内的液晶分子发生偏转而形成凸状的透镜结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，还包括控制单元，所述控制单元配置成调节所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压差，以调节所述透镜结构的曲率。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述透镜结构的曲率越大，从透镜结构出射的光的出射角度越大。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压差越大，所述透镜结构的曲率越大。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中，透镜结构在沿所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向的等效光程厚度越厚，所述透镜结构的有效折射率越大。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，包括呈阵列排布的多个子像素，
    其中，所述多个子像素与所述透镜结构一一对应，并且所述透镜结构与所述多个光源一一对应。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述第一电极为面状电极，并且所述第二电极包括多个电极单元。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述第一电极为面状电极，并且所述第二电极包括多个电极单元。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述电极单元呈阵列排布。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的液晶显示器，其中，相邻的所述电极单元之间的距离小于或等于3um。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述电极单元为块状电极。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述电极单元为环状结构。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶显示器，其中，
    所述透镜结构为球状结构，且所述遮光结构与球状结构的中心位置对准。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述遮光结构为圆形结构。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述遮光结构位于所述第一电极与所述上基板之间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的液晶显示器，还包括：
    位于所述遮光结构与所述液晶层之间的第一取向膜；以及
    位于所述液晶层与所述第二电极之间的第二取向膜。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，还包括光色转换层，
    其中，所述光色转换层位于所述上基板面向所述第一电极的一侧，并且配置成将透过所述液晶层且与所述透镜结构对应的光转换为单色光。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，还包括光色转换层，
    其中，所述光色转换层位于所述下基板面向所述第二电极的一侧，并且配置成将所述背光源发射且与所述透镜结构对应的光转换为单色光。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的液晶显示器，其中，所述光色转换层包括分光膜或彩色滤光膜。
  20. 一种用于权利要求1-19中任一项所述的液晶显示器的驱动方法，包括：
    接收待显示图像信号；
    根据所述待显示图像信号中每个子像素的待显示灰阶值，控制施加到第一电极和第二电极的电压，以控制凸状的透镜结构的曲率。
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