WO2017148010A1 - 液晶显示器以及电子设备 - Google Patents

液晶显示器以及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017148010A1
WO2017148010A1 PCT/CN2016/082444 CN2016082444W WO2017148010A1 WO 2017148010 A1 WO2017148010 A1 WO 2017148010A1 CN 2016082444 W CN2016082444 W CN 2016082444W WO 2017148010 A1 WO2017148010 A1 WO 2017148010A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
light
transparent electrode
electrode
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PCT/CN2016/082444
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王磊
陈小川
许睿
赵文卿
王倩
杨明
卢鹏程
高健
牛小辰
杨盛际
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方光电科技有限公司
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Priority to US15/529,923 priority Critical patent/US20180046026A1/en
Publication of WO2017148010A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017148010A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G06F3/013—Eye tracking input arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134381—Hybrid switching mode, i.e. for applying an electric field with components parallel and orthogonal to the substrates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a liquid crystal display and an electronic device.
  • the conventional liquid crystal display panel generally includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the color filter substrate, a common electrode and a pixel electrode, and polarizers respectively disposed on the array substrate and the color filter substrate. .
  • the display principle of the existing liquid crystal display panel is: converting natural light into linearly polarized light by a polarizer on the array substrate, applying an electric voltage to the pixel electrode and the common electrode to form an electric field on both sides of the liquid crystal layer; and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer act on the electric field Rotation occurs to change the polarization state of the linearly polarized light; the polarizer on the color filter substrate is then deflected, and the polarization state can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the electric field; the difference in polarization state means the light emitted from the liquid crystal display panel The transmittance is different, so that the gray scale display of the image is achieved.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a liquid crystal display for realizing wide viewing angle display.
  • a liquid crystal display includes a backlight, a lower substrate located on a light emitting side of the backlight, and an upper substrate disposed opposite the lower substrate, between the upper substrate and the lower substrate Liquid crystal layer; also includes:
  • the first transparent electrode is a planar electrode;
  • the second transparent electrode comprises a plurality of electrode units, and each of the electrode units comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged in parallel;
  • the control unit is configured to apply a voltage to each of the sub-electrodes and the first transparent electrode according to image data, so that liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and corresponding regions of the electrode units are deflected to form a micro a prism structure, and controlling the microprism structure by controlling a magnitude of a voltage on each of the sub-electrodes in each of the electrode units to control light of the backlight to be refracted by the microprism structure to emit light The proportion of energy distribution within a preset range of viewing angles.
  • the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are located between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
  • the liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a light color conversion layer located on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the lower substrate;
  • the light color conversion layer is configured to convert light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer and corresponding to each of the microprism structures into light of at least one color, and light of the backlight passes through the light
  • the color conversion layer is converted to light of at least three colors.
  • the light color conversion layer is a light splitting film or a color filter film.
  • the light emitted by the backlight is quasi-linear light or parallel light.
  • a human eye chasing unit is further included;
  • the human eye tracking unit is configured to determine a preset viewing angle range by tracking a target human eye, and send the determined preset viewing angle range to the control unit;
  • the control unit adjusts a voltage applied to each of the sub-electrodes in each of the electrode units according to the preset viewing angle range.
  • the first transparent electrode is located on a side of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and the second transparent electrode is located on the lower substrate facing the liquid crystal One side of the layer;
  • the second transparent electrode is located on a side of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and the first transparent electrode is located on a side of the lower substrate facing the liquid crystal layer.
  • each of the sub-electrodes has a curved shape.
  • the curved shape is corrugated.
  • each of the sub-electrodes has a shape of a broken line.
  • the line shape It is jagged.
  • the first polarizer is disposed between the lower substrate and the backlight.
  • the liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a second polarizer located on a side of the upper substrate facing away from the liquid crystal layer, and a direction of the transmission axis of the second polarizer The direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel.
  • the microprism structure is a triangular prism structure or a quadrilateral prism structure.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides an electronic device, which comprises the liquid crystal display described in the above embodiments.
  • the liquid crystal layer has a liquid crystal corresponding to each electrode unit.
  • the molecules are deflected to form a microprism structure, and the microprism structure is controlled by controlling the voltage on each subelectrode in each electrode unit to control the energy of the backlight source refracted by the microprism structure and the emitted light is within a preset viewing angle range.
  • the distribution ratio is such that the brightness of the light entering the preset viewing angle range is realized by controlling the microprism structure, thereby realizing the gray scale display.
  • the microprism structure can have a plurality of different refraction directions, so that the light is emitted from a plurality of angles, thereby increasing the viewing angle range of the liquid crystal display and realizing wide viewing angle display. .
  • FIG. 1a and 1b are schematic structural views of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2d are schematic diagrams showing the principle of realizing gray scale display of a microprism structure in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 3a to 3d are schematic diagrams showing the principle of realizing gray scale display of a microprism structure in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4a to 4g are schematic diagrams showing the principle of realizing gray scale display of a microprism structure in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a structure of a microprism and a voltage on a corresponding sub-electrode in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b are respectively schematic diagrams showing shapes of sub-electrodes in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7a and 7b are schematic structural views of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a liquid crystal display includes a backlight 01, a lower substrate 02 located on the light exit side of the backlight 01, and an upper substrate 03 disposed opposite the lower substrate 02, located on the upper substrate.
  • a control unit (not shown) for applying a voltage to the first transparent electrode 06 and the second transparent electrode;
  • the first transparent electrode 06 is a planar electrode; the second transparent electrode comprises a plurality of electrode units 07, and each electrode unit 07 comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes 070 arranged in parallel;
  • the control unit is configured to apply a voltage to each of the sub-electrode 070 and the first transparent electrode 06 according to the image data during display, and deflect the liquid crystal molecules in the corresponding region of each electrode unit 07 in the liquid crystal layer 04 to form a microprism structure, and control
  • the magnitude of the voltage on each sub-electrode 070 in each electrode unit 07 controls the microprism structure to control the proportion of energy distribution of the light emitted by the backlight 01 after being refracted by the microprism structure within a predetermined viewing angle range.
  • the display unit when the display unit displays a voltage by applying a voltage to each of the sub-electrodes and the first transparent electrode according to the image data, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the corresponding regions of the electrode units are deflected.
  • Forming a microprism structure and controlling the structure of the microprism by controlling the magnitude of the voltage on each subelectrode in each electrode unit The intensity distribution of the light emitted by the backlight after being refracted by the microprism structure is within a preset viewing angle range, thereby realizing the grayscale display by controlling the microprism structure to achieve the brightness of the light entering the preset viewing angle range.
  • the microprism structure can have a plurality of different refraction directions, so that the light is emitted from a plurality of angles, thereby increasing the viewing angle range of the liquid crystal display and realizing wide viewing angle display. .
  • the ratio of the energy distribution of the emitted light in a predetermined viewing angle range refers to the light emitted from the backlight passing through a microprism structure and being emitted to the preset light.
  • the energy of the outgoing light in the range of viewing angles accounts for the proportion of all outgoing light energy refracted by the microprism structure.
  • the first transparent electrode 06 is located on the side of the upper substrate 03 facing the liquid crystal layer 04
  • the second transparent electrode (including each electrode unit in the figure) 07) is located on the side of the lower substrate 02 facing the liquid crystal layer 04;
  • the second transparent electrode (including each electrode unit 07 in the drawing) is located on the side of the upper substrate 03 facing the liquid crystal layer 04, and the first transparent electrode 06 is located on the side of the upper substrate 03 facing the liquid crystal layer 04, where Not limited.
  • the first transparent electrode 06 and the second transparent electrode are located between the upper substrate 03 and the lower substrate 02.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 04 can be controlled more precisely.
  • the energy distribution of the emitted light of the microprism structure in the preset viewing angle range by controlling the microprism structure is illustrated. Proportion, thus achieving the principle of grayscale display.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2d when the target human eye is located on the right side of the microprism structure 10, the light refracted to the right by the microprism structure 10 enters the target human eye.
  • the microprism structure 10 is a right-angled triangular prism, and the oblique side of the right-angled triangular prism is away from the side of the target human eye, all the light reflected by the microprism structure 10 is directed toward the target human eye;
  • the energy distribution ratio of the outgoing light entering the target human eye is 100%, so that high gray scale display can be realized.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3d when the target human eye is located on the left side of the microprism structure 10, the light refracted to the left by the microprism structure 10 enters the target human eye.
  • the microprism structure 10 is a right-angled triangular prism, and the oblique side of the right-angled triangular prism is away from the side of the target human eye, the light reflected by the microprism structure 10 is all directed toward the target human eye;
  • the energy distribution ratio of the outgoing light entering the target human eye is 100%, so that high gray scale display can be realized.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4g when the target human eye is located on the opposite side of the microprism structure 10, the light refracted toward the front by the microprism structure 10 enters the target human eye.
  • the microprism structure 10 when the microprism structure 10 is a rectangular prism, the light refracted by the microprism structure 10 is all directed toward the target human eye; that is, the energy distribution ratio of the outgoing light entering the target human eye is 100%, so High gray scale display can be achieved.
  • FIGS. 4a when the microprism structure 10 is a rectangular prism, the light refracted by the microprism structure 10 is all directed toward the target human eye; that is, the energy distribution ratio of the outgoing light entering the target human eye is 100%, so High gray scale display can be achieved.
  • the microprism structure 10 when the microprism structure 10 is a trapezoidal prism, and the relatively short bottom edge of the trapezoidal prism is near the side of the target human eye, the portion of the light refracted by the microprism structure 10 is directed toward the target human eye. Therefore, a medium gray scale display can be realized.
  • the ratio of the shot to the target human eye can be achieved by adjusting the relative lengths of the two bottom edges of the trapezoidal prism, assuming that the energy distribution ratio of the outgoing light entering the target human eye of FIG. 4b and FIG. 4c is 60%, and FIG. 4d and FIG. 4e enter.
  • the energy distribution ratio of the outgoing light of the target human eye is 30%.
  • the microprism structure 10 when the microprism structure 10 is a triangular prism, the microprism structure 10 does not emit light that is refracted in front; that is, no light is directed at the target person. Eye direction, so low gray scale display can be achieved.
  • the above is only to explain how the gray scale display principle is realized by controlling the proportion of the energy distribution of the outgoing light in the preset viewing angle range by controlling the specific microprism structure.
  • the specific microprism structure may also be other structures that enable implementation of embodiments of the present invention.
  • the microprism structure is controlled by controlling the size of the first transparent electrode and each sub-electrode according to the image data, which is not limited herein.
  • the eyes in FIGS. 2a to 4g are only for demonstrating the direction in which the target human eye is located, and the size of the eye may correspond to a plurality of microprism structures in a specific implementation.
  • the microprism structures in FIGS. 2a to 4g are all described by taking a prismatic surface on the side facing the human eye as an example.
  • FIG. 5 is an example in which the shape of the sub-electrode 070 is linear. As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the shape of the sub-electrode 070 is linear, the direction of the light emitted by the right-angle prism is relatively small, and the corresponding viewing angle is relatively small.
  • the sub-electrodes may be curved or polygonal, and the micro-prism structure having a plurality of refractive directions is formed to increase the viewing angle range. Moreover, in the specific implementation, the more the sub-electrodes have the direction, the larger the viewing angle is.
  • the fold line shape of the sub-electrode 070 is in a zigzag shape.
  • the curved shape of the sub-electrode 070 is corrugated.
  • the liquid crystal display controls the gray scale by using an energy distribution ratio of the emitted light in the preset viewing angle range by using the microprism structure.
  • the light of the backlight is generally circularly polarized, so the backlight can be turned through the first polarizer 05 disposed on the lower substrate.
  • the light is converted into linearly polarized light, and the proportion of the energy distribution of the outgoing light in the preset viewing angle range is precisely controlled by controlling the microprism structure.
  • the microprism structure by controlling the microprism structure to control the energy distribution ratio of the emitted light in the preset viewing angle range, it is necessary to ensure that the incident direction of the light from the backlight to the liquid crystal prism display panel is uniform. Therefore, in the above liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the light emitted by the backlight is quasi-linear light or parallel light.
  • a light color conversion layer 08 located on the side of the liquid crystal layer 04 facing away from the lower substrate 02 is further included.
  • the light color conversion layer 08 is configured to convert light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 04 and corresponding to each microprism structure into light of at least one color, and the light of the backlight 01 is transmitted through the light color conversion layer 08 and converted into Light of at least three colors.
  • a microprism structure corresponds to at least one sub-pixel
  • the liquid crystal display includes Sub-pixels of at least three colors, such as red sub-pixels, blue sub-pixels, and green sub-pixels of the three primary colors, are not limited herein.
  • one microprism structure corresponds to one sub-pixel, that is, the light color conversion layer is only converted into light of one color in a region corresponding to each microprism structure.
  • the light color conversion layer 08 can be embedded between the upper substrate 03 and the lower substrate 02.
  • the light color conversion layer 08 can also be It is disposed on the side of the upper substrate 03 facing away from the liquid crystal layer 04, which is not limited herein.
  • the light color conversion layer 08 is a light splitting film or a color filter film, and includes at least one color filter; each filter may correspond to, for example, a microprism. Structure is not limited herein.
  • a second polarizer 09 located on a side of the upper substrate 03 facing away from the liquid crystal layer 04, and a second polarizer 09 is further included.
  • the direction of the transmission axis is parallel to the direction of the transmission axis of the second polarizer 09, so that the second polarizer 09 further linearly polarizes the light emitted from the liquid crystal display, thereby effectively improving the display effect.
  • the range of the viewing angle is fixed within a certain range, so that the control unit controls the energy distribution ratio of the outgoing light of each microprism structure within the preset viewing angle range according to the image data.
  • the liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a human eye chasing unit;
  • the human eye tracking unit is configured to determine a preset viewing angle range by tracking the target human eye, and send the determined preset viewing angle range to the control unit;
  • the control unit adjusts the voltages of the respective sub-electrodes applied in the respective electrode units in accordance with the preset viewing angle range.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including the above-mentioned liquid crystal display provided by the embodiment of the present invention, which may be: a lighting device, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, Any product or component that has lighting or display functions, such as digital photo frames and navigators.
  • a lighting device a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, Any product or component that has lighting or display functions, such as digital photo frames and navigators.
  • the display unit displays a liquid field by applying a voltage to each of the sub-electrodes and the first transparent electrode according to the image data
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the corresponding regions of the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the respective electrode units are obtained.
  • Deflection occurs to form a microprism structure
  • the microprism structure is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the voltage on each sub-electrode in each electrode unit to control the energy distribution of the light emitted by the backlight after being refracted by the microprism structure within a preset viewing angle range.
  • the ratio is such that the brightness of the light entering the preset viewing angle range is realized by controlling the microprism structure, thereby realizing the gray scale display.
  • the microprism structure can have a plurality of different refraction directions, so that the light is emitted from a plurality of angles, thereby increasing the viewing angle range of the liquid crystal display and realizing wide viewing angle display. .

Abstract

一种液晶显示器件和电子设备，在显示时，通过控制单元根据图像数据对各子电极（070）和第一透明电极（06）施加电压产生电场，使液晶层（04）中与各电极单元（07）对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构（10），并通过控制各电极单元（07）中各子电极（070）上的电压的大小控制微棱镜结构（10），以控制背光源（01）的光经微棱镜结构（10）折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例，从而实现通过控制微棱镜结构（10）实现进入到预设视角范围内的光亮度，进而实现灰阶显示。并且由于各子电极（070）的形状为曲线状或折线状，从而可以使微棱镜结构（10）具有多个不同的折射方向，以使光线从多个角度出射，从而增大液晶显示器的视角范围，实现广视角显示。

Description

液晶显示器以及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种液晶显示器以及电子设备。
背景技术
现有的液晶显示面板一般包括相对设置的阵列基板和彩膜基板，位于阵列基板和彩膜基板之间的液晶层、公共电极和像素电极，以及分别位于阵列基板和彩膜基板上的偏光片。
现有液晶显示面板的显示原理为：通过阵列基板上的偏光片将自然光转换为线偏光，对像素电极和公共电极施加电压在液晶层的两侧形成电场；液晶层中的液晶分子在电场作用下发生旋转，从而改变线偏光的偏振状态；彩膜基板上的偏光片再对其进行检偏，而通过控制电场的大小可以控制偏振状态；偏振状态不同意味着从液晶显示面板中射出的光的透过率不同，从而实现图像的灰阶显示。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种液晶显示器，用以实现广视角显示。
本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示器，包括背光源、位于所述背光源出光侧的下基板，与所述下基板相对设置的上基板，位于所述上基板与所述下基板之间的液晶层；还包括：
分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，以及用于向所述第一透明电极和第二透明电极施加电压的控制单元；其中，
所述第一透明电极为面状电极；所述第二透明电极包括若干电极单元，各所述电极单元包括多个平行设置的子电极；
所述控制单元用于在显示时，根据图像数据对各所述子电极和所述第一透明电极施加电压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各所述电极单元中各所述子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例。
可选地，所述第一透明电极和第二透明电极位于所述上基板与所述下基板之间。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，还包括位于所述液晶层背离所述下基板一侧的光色转换层；其中，
所述光色转换层用于将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光，且所述背光源的光透过所述光色转换层后转换为至少三种颜色的光。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，所述光色转换层为分光膜或彩色滤光膜。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，所述背光源发出的光为准直线光或平行光。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，还包括人眼追逐单元；
所述人眼追踪单元用于通过追踪目标人眼确定预设视角范围，并将确定的所述预设视角范围发送给所述控制单元；
所述控制单元根据所述预设视角范围调节施加在各所述电极单元中的各所述子电极的电压。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，所述第一透明电极位于所述上基板面向所述液晶层一侧，所述第二透明电极位于所述下基板面向所述液晶层一侧；或者，
所述第二透明电极位于所述上基板面向所述液晶层一侧，所述第一透明电极位于所述下基板面向所述液晶层一侧。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，所述微棱镜结构在沿所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向的等效光程厚度越厚，施加在所述微棱镜结构对应的液晶层两侧的透明电极上的电压差越小。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，各所述子电极的形状为曲线状。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，所述曲线状为波纹状。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，各所述子电极的形状为折线状。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，所述折线状 为锯齿状。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，还包括位于所述下基板与所述背光源之间的第一偏光片。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，还包括位于所述上基板背离所述液晶层一侧的第二偏光片，且所述第二偏光片的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向平行。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，所述微棱镜结构是三角形棱镜结构或四边形棱镜结构。
本发明实施例还提供了一种电子设备，所述电子设备包括以上实施例所述的液晶显示器。
本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器件和电子设备，在显示时，通过控制单元根据图像数据对各子电极和第一透明电极施加电压产生电场，使液晶层中与各电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各电极单元中各子电极上的电压的大小控制微棱镜结构，以控制背光源的光经微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例，从而实现通过控制微棱镜结构实现进入到预设视角范围内的光亮度，进而实现灰阶显示。并且由于各子电极的形状为曲线状或折线状，从而可以使微棱镜结构具有多个不同的折射方向，以使光线从多个角度出射，从而增大液晶显示器的视角范围，实现广视角显示。
附图说明
图1a和图1b分别为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图2a至图2d分别为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器中微棱镜结构实现灰阶显示的原理示意图；
图3a至图3d分别为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器中微棱镜结构实现灰阶显示的原理示意图；
图4a至图4g分别为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器中微棱镜结构实现灰阶显示的原理示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示器中微棱镜结构与对应子电极上电压的关系示意图；
图6a和图6b分别为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器中子电极的形状示意图；
图7a和图7b分别为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图；以及
图8a和图8b分别为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
附图中各部件的形状和大小不反映真实比例，目的只是示意性说明本发明内容。
本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示器，如图1a和图1b所示，包括背光源01，位于背光源01出光侧的下基板02，与下基板02相对设置的上基板03，位于上基板03与下基板02之间的液晶层04；还包括：
分别位于液晶层04两侧的第一透明电极06和第二透明电极，以及用于向第一透明电极06和第二透明电极施加电压的控制单元(图中未示出)；其中，
第一透明电极06为面状电极；第二透明电极包括若干电极单元07，且各电极单元07包括多个平行设置的子电极070；
控制单元用于，在显示时根据图像数据对各子电极070和第一透明电极06施加电压，使液晶层04中与各电极单元07对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各电极单元07中各子电极070上的电压的大小控制微棱镜结构，以控制背光源01的光经微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例。
本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器件，在显示时，通过控制单元根据图像数据对各子电极和第一透明电极施加电压产生电场，使液晶层中与各电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各电极单元中各子电极上的电压的大小控制微棱镜结构， 以控制背光源的光经微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例，从而实现通过控制微棱镜结构实现进入到预设视角范围内的光亮度，进而实现灰阶显示。并且由于各子电极的形状为曲线状或折线状，从而可以使微棱镜结构具有多个不同的折射方向，以使光线从多个角度出射，从而增大液晶显示器的视角范围，实现广视角显示。
需要说明是，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例是指背光源中的光经一个微棱镜结构折射后的出射光线中射到预设视角范围内的出射光线的能量占该微棱镜结构折射后的所有出射光线能量的比例。
在具体实施时，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，如图1a所示，第一透明电极06位于上基板03面向液晶层04一侧，第二透明电极(包括图中各电极单元07)位于下基板02面向液晶层04一侧；
或者，如图1b所示，第二透明电极(包括图中各电极单元07)位于上基板03面向液晶层04一侧，第一透明电极06位于上基板03面向液晶层04一侧，在此不作限定。
可选地，所述第一透明电极06和第二透明电极位于所述上基板03与所述下基板02之间。利用上述布置，能够更加精确地控制液晶层04中的液晶分子。
下面结合具体实施例，对本发明的原理进行详细说明。需要说明的是，本实施例中是为了更好的解释本发明，但不限制本发明。
具体地，分别以位于目标人眼左侧、右侧、和正对侧区域中的微棱镜结构为例，说明通过控制微棱镜结构实现控制微棱镜结构的出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例，从而实现灰阶显示的原理。
具体地，如图2a至图2d所示，当目标人眼位于微棱镜结构10的右侧时，微棱镜结构10向右折射的光进入目标人眼。如图2a所示，当微棱镜结构10为直角三角形棱镜时，且直角三角形棱镜的斜边在远离目标人眼一侧时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光全部射向目标人眼方向；即，进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为100％，因此可以实现高灰阶显示。如图2b所示，当微棱镜结构10为等腰三角形棱镜时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光一半射向目标人眼方向；即，进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为50％，因此可以实现中灰阶显示。如图 2c所示，当微棱镜结构10为普通三角形棱镜时，且普通三角形棱镜的最短边在远离目标人眼一侧时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光小部分射向目标人眼方向；假设进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为20％，因此可以实现中低灰阶显示。如图2d所示，当微棱镜结构10为直角三角形棱镜时，且直角三角形棱镜的斜边在靠近目标人眼一侧时，没有光线射向目标人眼方向，因此可以实现低灰阶显示。
具体地，如图3a至图3d所示，当目标人眼位于微棱镜结构10的左侧时，微棱镜结构10向左折射的光进入目标人眼。如图3a所示，当微棱镜结构10为直角三角形棱镜时，且直角三角形棱镜的斜边在远离目标人眼一侧时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光全部射向目标人眼方向；即，进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为100％，因此可以实现高灰阶显示。如图3b所示，当微棱镜结构10为等腰三角形棱镜时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光一半射向目标人眼方向；即，进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为50％，因此可以实现中灰阶显示。如图3c所示，当微棱镜结构10为普通三角形棱镜时，且普通三角形棱镜的最短边在远离目标人眼一侧时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光小部分射向目标人眼方向；假设进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为20％，因此可以实现中低灰阶显示。如图3d所示，当微棱镜结构10为直角三角形棱镜时，且直角三角形棱镜的斜边在靠近目标人眼一侧时，没有光线射向目标人眼方向，因此可以实现低灰阶显示。
具体地，如图4a至图4g所示，当目标人眼位于微棱镜结构10的正对侧时，微棱镜结构10向正前方折射的光进入目标人眼。如图4a所示，当微棱镜结构10为矩形棱镜时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光全部射向目标人眼方向；即，进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为100％，因此可以实现高灰阶显示。如图4b至4e所示，当微棱镜结构10为梯形棱镜时，且梯形棱镜比较短的底边在靠近目标人眼一侧时，微棱镜结构10折射出的光部分射向目标人眼方向，因此可以实现中灰阶显示。具体地，射向目标人眼的比例可以通过调节梯形棱镜两底边的相对长度实现，假设图4b和图4c进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为60％，图4d和图4e进入目标人眼的出射光线的能量分布比例为30％。如图4f和图4g所示，当微棱镜结构10为三角形棱镜时，微棱镜结构10没有沿正前方折射的光出射；即，没有光线射向目标人 眼方向，因此可以实现低灰阶显示。
上面仅是通过通过举例具体的微棱镜结构，说明如何通过控制微棱镜结构在预设视角范围内的出射光线的能量分布比例实现灰阶显示的原理。具体的微棱镜结构还可以是其它能使实现本发明实施例方案的结构。微棱镜结构通过根据图像数据控制第一透明电极和各子电极的大小进行控制，在此不作限定。另外，图2a至图4g中的眼睛仅是为了演示目标人眼所在的方向，在具体实施时眼睛的大小可以对应很多个微棱镜结构。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，图2a至图4g中的微棱镜结构均是以微棱镜结构在面向人眼一侧具有一个棱面为例进行说明的。
进一步，在具体实施时，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，微棱镜结构在沿液晶显示器的盒厚方向的等效光程厚度越厚，施加在微棱镜结构对应的液晶层两侧的透明电极上的电压差越小。以微棱镜结构为直角棱镜为例，如图5所示，假设一个电极单元07中包括有四个平行设置的子电极070，且子电极070为直线状，则在图5中，由左至右，四个子电极070上的电压分别为V1、V2、V3和V4，且V1＞V2＞V3＞V4，微棱镜结构10的等效光程厚度越来越厚。图5中是以子电极070形状为直线状为例进行说明的。由图5中可以看出，当子电极070形状为直线状时形成的直角棱镜出射光的方向比较少，相应的观看视角比较小。
因此，本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，子电极可以为曲线状或折线状，通过形成具有多个折射方向的微棱镜结构，从而增加观看视角范围。并且，在具体实施时，子电极具有的方向越多，观看视角越大。
可选地，在具体实施时，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，如图6a所示，子电极070的折线状为锯齿状。
或者，可选地，在具体实施时，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，如图6b所示，子电极070的曲线状为波纹状。
本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器，是利用微棱镜结构在预设视角范围内的出射光线的能量分布比例在控制灰阶的。背光源的光一般为圆偏光，因此可以通过设置在下基板上的第一偏光片05将背光源 的光转换为线偏光，并通过控制微棱镜结构精确控制预设视角范围内的出射光线的能量分布比例。
进一步地，在具体实施时，要通过控制微棱镜结构控制其在预设视角范围内的出射光线的能量分布比例，需要保证背光源射向液晶棱镜显示面板的光的入射方向是一致的。因此可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，背光源发出的光为准直线光或平行光。
进一步地，为了实现彩色显示，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，如图7a和图7b所示，还包括位于液晶层04背离下基板02一侧的光色转换层08。光色转换层08用于将透过液晶层04的、且与各微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光，且背光源01的光透过光色转换层08后转换为至少三种颜色的光。
需要说明的是，这里一种颜射的光相当于现有液晶显示器中的一个子像素，因此在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，一个微棱镜结构对应至少一个子像素，而液晶显示器包括至少三种颜色的子像素，例如三原色的红色子像素、蓝色子像素和绿色子像素，在此不作限定。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，一个微棱镜结构对应一个子像素，即光色转换层在与各微棱镜结构对应的区域仅转换成一种颜色的光。
在具体实施时，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，如图7a所示，光色转换层08可以内嵌于上基板03与下基板02之间，当然光色转换层08也可以设置于上基板03背向液晶层04一侧，在此不作限定。
进一步地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，光色转换层08为分光膜或彩色滤光膜，包括至少一种颜色的滤光片；每个滤光片可以对应例如一个微棱镜结构，在此不作限定。
可选地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，如图8a和图8b所示，还包括位于上基板03背离液晶层04一侧的第二偏光片09，且第二偏光片09的透光轴方向与第二偏光片09的透光轴方向平行，这样通过第二偏光片09进一步对液晶显示器出射光进行线偏光作用，可以有效提高显示效果。
进一步地，在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，可以将预 设视角范围固定在某一范围内，这样控制单元根据图像数据控制各微棱镜结构在该预设视角范围内的出射光线的能量分布比例。然而，当目标人眼超出该预设视角范围时，就不能正常进行观看了。因此可选地，本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中，还包括人眼追逐单元；
人眼追踪单元用于通过追踪目标人眼确定预设视角范围，并将确定的预设视角范围发送给控制单元；
控制单元根据预设视角范围调节施加在各电极单元中的各子电极的电压。
基于同一发明构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种电子设备，包括本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器，该电子设备可以为：照明设备、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有照明或显示功能的产品或部件。该电子设备的实施可以参见上述液晶显示器的实施例，重复之处不再赘述。
本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器和电子设备，在显示时，通过控制单元根据图像数据对各子电极和第一透明电极施加电压产生电场，使液晶层中与各电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各电极单元中各子电极上的电压的大小控制微棱镜结构，以控制背光源的光经微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例，从而实现通过控制微棱镜结构实现进入到预设视角范围内的光亮度，进而实现灰阶显示。并且由于各子电极的形状为曲线状或折线状，从而可以使微棱镜结构具有多个不同的折射方向，以使光线从多个角度出射，从而增大液晶显示器的视角范围，实现广视角显示。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种液晶显示器，包括背光源、位于所述背光源出光侧的下基板，与所述下基板相对设置的上基板，位于所述上基板与所述下基板之间的液晶层；其特征在于，还包括：
    分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，以及用于向所述第一透明电极和第二透明电极施加电压的控制单元；其中，
    所述第一透明电极为面状电极；所述第二透明电极包括若干电极单元，各所述电极单元包括多个平行设置的子电极；
    所述控制单元用于在显示时根据图像数据对各所述子电极和所述第一透明电极施加电压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各所述电极单元中各所述子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的能量分布比例。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述第一透明电极和第二透明电极位于所述上基板与所述下基板之间。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，还包括位于所述液晶层背离所述下基板一侧的光色转换层；其中，
    所述光色转换层用于将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光，且所述背光源的光透过所述光色转换层后转换为至少三种颜色的光。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述光色转换层为分光膜或彩色滤光膜。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述背光源发出的光为准直线光或平行光。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，还包括人眼追逐单元；
    所述人眼追踪单元用于通过追踪目标人眼确定预设视角范围，并将确定的所述预设视角范围发送给所述控制单元；
    所述控制单元根据所述预设视角范围调节施加在各所述电极单元中的各所述子电极的电压。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述第一透明电极位于所述上基板面向所述液晶层一侧，所述第二透明电极位于所述下基板面向所述液晶层一侧；或者，
    所述第二透明电极位于所述上基板面向所述液晶层一侧，所述第一透明电极位于所述下基板面向所述液晶层一侧。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述微棱镜结构在沿所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向的等效光程厚度越厚，施加在所述微棱镜结构对应的液晶层两侧的透明电极上的电压差越小。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，各所述子电极的形状为曲线状。
  10. 如权利要求9所述液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述曲线状为波纹状。
  11. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，各所述子电极的形状为折线状。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述折线状为锯齿状。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，还包括位于所述下基板与所述背光源之间的第一偏光片。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，还包括位于所述上基板背离所述液晶层一侧的第二偏光片，且所述第二偏光片的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向平行。
  15. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述微棱镜结构是三角形棱镜结构或四边形棱镜结构。
  16. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-15之一所述的液晶显示器。
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