CN108427225B - 液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法 - Google Patents

液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法 Download PDF

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CN108427225B
CN108427225B CN201810264445.9A CN201810264445A CN108427225B CN 108427225 B CN108427225 B CN 108427225B CN 201810264445 A CN201810264445 A CN 201810264445A CN 108427225 B CN108427225 B CN 108427225B
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liquid crystal
crystal display
display panel
substrate
layer
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CN108427225A (zh
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王海燕
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法，属于显示技术领域。液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，第二基板位于液晶层的出光侧，还包括：位于第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，第一透明电极和第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个电极单元，且各电极单元包括多个平行设置且延伸方向为直线的子电极，在向第一透明电极和第二透明电极施加电压后，能够使得液晶层中与各电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构；位于液晶层与第二基板之间的折射层，折射层的折射率小于液晶层的折射率。本发明的技术方案能够提高液晶显示装置的透光率。

Description

液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，特别是指一种液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法。
背景技术
现有的液晶显示器包括液晶显示面板、背光源和贴附在液晶显示面板出光侧和入光侧的偏光片，液晶显示面板包括彩膜基板、阵列基板和位于彩膜基板与阵列基板之间的液晶层，由于彩膜基板、阵列基板、偏光片的透过率不能达到100％，因此会使得背光源出射的光能大大损失，最终液晶显示器的透光率仅能达到5％左右，造成液晶显示器的透光率低，耗能高，能量利用率低等问题，并且液晶显示器上还设置有网格状的黑矩阵，黑矩阵不仅会对光能进行吸收还会对液晶显示器的透明度造成影响，使得液晶显示器不能用于透明显示。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法，能够提高液晶显示装置的透光率。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的实施例提供技术方案如下：
一方面，提供一种液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，所述第二基板位于所述液晶层的出光侧，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个电极单元，且各所述电极单元包括多个平行设置且延伸方向为直线的子电极，在向所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压后，能够使得所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构；
位于所述液晶层与所述第二基板之间的折射层，所述折射层的折射率小于所述液晶层的折射率。
进一步地，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间、设置在所述液晶层至少相对两侧的黑矩阵。
进一步地，所述黑矩阵在垂直于其延伸方向上的截面为梯形。
进一步地，所述梯形的底角为45°-80°
进一步地，所述折射层的折射率小于1.2。
进一步地，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述液晶层背向所述第一基板一侧的滤光层，能够将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光。
进一步地，所述滤光层采用量子点材料。
进一步地，所述微棱镜结构为三角形棱镜结构和/或四边形棱镜结构。
本发明实施例还提供了一种液晶显示装置，包括如上所述的液晶显示面板，还包括位于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧的背光源，所述背光源发出的光为准直光或平行光。
本发明实施例还提供了一种液晶显示装置的工作方法，应用于如上所述的液晶显示装置，所述工作方法包括：
在显示时根据图像数据对所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各所述电极单元中各所述子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的分布比例。
本发明的实施例具有以下有益效果：
上述方案中，在液晶显示面板工作时，背光源发出的光线进入液晶层，通过微棱镜结构可以控制光线的传播，使得光线可以出射液晶显示面板或者不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现灰阶显示，本发明的技术方案替代了以往液晶显示面板中薄膜晶体管需要通过控制偏振光状态形成灰阶的情况，因此可以省去偏光片的设置，从而提高液晶显示装置的出光效率。
附图说明
图1-图2为现有液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图3-图5为本发明实施例液晶显示面板的结构示意图。
附图标记
1 背光源
2 下偏光片
3 第一基板
4 液晶层
5 第二基板
6 上偏光片
31 衬底基板
32 钝化层
33 子电极
331 像素电极
34、51 取向层
52 面状电极
521 公共电极
531 彩色滤光单元
54 衬底基板
55 折射层
56 量子点层
7 黑矩阵
具体实施方式
为使本发明的实施例要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
如图1和图2所示为现有液晶显示器的结构示意图，现有的液晶显示器包括依次设置的背光源1、下偏光片2、第一基板3、液晶层4、第二基板5和上偏光片6，第一基板3包括衬底基板31和位于衬底基板31上的钝化层32、像素电极331以及取向层34，第二基板5包括衬底基板54和位于衬底基板54上的彩色滤光单元531、公共电极521和取向层51。其中，由于下偏光片2、第一基板3、液晶层4、第二基板5和上偏光片6的透光率有限，不能达到100％透光，因此，背光源1发出的光线在经过下偏光片2后仅剩43％，在经过第二基板3后仅剩22-26％，在经过第二基板5后仅剩6％，在经过上偏光片6后仅剩5-5.5％，最终液晶显示器的透光率仅能达到5％左右，造成液晶显示器的透光率低，耗能高，能量利用率低等问题。
本发明的实施例针对上述问题，提供一种液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法，能够提高液晶显示装置的透光率。
本发明实施例提供一种液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，所述第二基板位于所述液晶层的出光侧，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个电极单元，且各所述电极单元包括多个平行设置且延伸方向为直线的子电极，在向所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压后，能够使得所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构；
位于所述液晶层与所述第二基板之间的折射层，所述折射层的折射率小于所述液晶层的折射率。
本实施例中，在液晶显示面板工作时，背光源发出的光线进入液晶层，通过微棱镜结构可以控制光线的传播，使得光线可以出射液晶显示面板或者在折射层与液晶层的界面发生全反射不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现灰阶显示，本发明的技术方案替代了以往液晶显示面板中薄膜晶体管需要通过控制偏振光状态形成灰阶的情况，因此可以省去偏光片的设置，从而提高液晶显示装置的出光效率。
其中，折射层的折射率优选不大于1.2，这样在光线从液晶层沿预设方向传播至折射层与液晶层的界面时，由于液晶层的折射率大于折射层的折射率，形成光密到光疏的界面，则此时光线被全反射至第一基板，由于第一基板附近液晶层与基板的界面为光密到光疏界面，光线再次被全反射，如此循环，不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现全黑显示。
进一步地，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间、设置在所述液晶层至少相对两侧的黑矩阵，黑矩阵可以吸收传播到液晶层两侧的光线。具体地，黑矩阵可以包围液晶层，所述黑矩阵在垂直于其延伸方向上的截面可以为梯形，具体地，所述梯形的底角为45°-80°，这时，黑矩阵还可以很好地支撑液晶盒的盒厚。本实施例中，仅在液晶层的边缘处设置黑矩阵，而不是在液晶层所在区域设置黑矩阵，因此，可以大大提升液晶显示面板的出光效率，使液晶显示面板的出光效率提升至30％左右，并且透明度达到70％以上，适用于透明显示。
进一步地，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述液晶层背向所述第一基板一侧的滤光层，能够将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光。通过滤光层能够实现液晶显示面板的彩色显示。
进一步地，所述滤光层采用量子点材料。量子点材料在受到透过所述液晶层的光照后，能够发出单色光，相比现有的彩色滤光单元，量子点材料的设计能够提高光线的利用率，在采样该结构后，液晶显示面板的出光效率可以提升到30％以上。
进一步地，所述微棱镜结构可以为三角形棱镜结构和/或四边形棱镜结构。当然，微棱镜结构还可以为其他类型的棱镜结构，只要能够控制光线的传播即可。
下面结合附图以及具体的实施例对本发明的液晶显示面板进行说明。
如图3-图5所示，本实施例的液晶显示面板包括第一基板和第二基板，第一基板包括衬底基板31和位于衬底基板31上的钝化层32，钝化层32上设置有第一透明电极，第一透明电极包括多个间隔设置的子电极33，第一基板还包括覆盖子电极33的取向层34；第二基板包括衬底基板54和位于衬底基板54上的量子点层56，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，具体可以发出红光、绿光和蓝光。量子点层56上设置有折射层55，折射层55的折射率小于液晶层4的折射率，具体地，可以小于1.2；折射层55上设置有第二透明电极，第二透明电极为面状电极52，第二基板还包括覆盖面状电极52的取向层51，取向层34和取向层51之间设置有液晶层4。在第一基板和第二基板之间设置有黑矩阵7，黑矩阵7位于液晶层4的侧面，可以包围液晶层4。
在液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255时，如图4所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上不施加电压，背光源入射液晶显示面板的光线出射到量子点层56上，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，从而实现彩色显示，此时液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255。在液晶显示面板不进行灰阶显示时，即灰阶为0时，如图5所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上施加合适的电压，形成液晶棱镜，这时背光源入射液晶显示面板的光线被偏折到第二基板，由于液晶层4的折射率大于折射层55的折射率，形成光密到光疏界面，则此时光线被全反射至第一基板，由于第一基板附近液晶层与第一基板为光密到光疏界面(此时位置液晶为水平取向)，光线再次被全反射，如此循环，直至入射到液晶显示面板边缘被黑矩阵7吸收，此时没有光线出射液晶显示面板。在中间灰阶时，通过调节子电极33和面状电极52上施加的电压，使各个区域的液晶分子不同程度的偏折光线，来控制出射光线的能量，形成灰阶控制。
本发明实施例还提供了一种液晶显示装置，包括如上所述的液晶显示面板，还包括位于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧的背光源，所述背光源发出的光为准直光或平行光。所述显示装置可以为：液晶电视、液晶显示器、数码相框、手机、平板电脑等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件，其中，所述显示装置还包括柔性电路板、印刷电路板和背板。
本实施例中，在液晶显示面板工作时，背光源发出的光线进入液晶层，通过微棱镜结构可以控制光线的传播，使得光线可以出射液晶显示面板或者在折射层与液晶层的界面发生全反射不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现灰阶显示，本发明的技术方案替代了以往液晶显示面板中薄膜晶体管需要通过控制偏振光状态形成灰阶的情况，因此可以省去偏光片的设置，从而提高液晶显示装置的出光效率。
并且液晶层对应区域不设置黑矩阵，可以大大提升液晶显示面板的出光效率，使液晶显示面板的出光效率提升至30％以上，并且透明度达到70％以上，适用于透明显示。
本发明实施例还提供了一种液晶显示装置的工作方法，应用于如上所述的液晶显示装置，所述工作方法包括：
在显示时根据图像数据对所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各所述电极单元中各所述子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的分布比例。
本实施例中，在液晶显示面板工作时，背光源发出的光线进入液晶层，通过微棱镜结构可以控制光线的传播，使得光线可以出射液晶显示面板或者在折射层与液晶层的界面发生全反射不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现灰阶显示，本发明的技术方案替代了以往液晶显示面板中薄膜晶体管需要通过控制偏振光状态形成灰阶的情况，因此可以省去偏光片的设置，从而提高液晶显示装置的出光效率。
如图3-图5所示，具体实施例中，液晶显示面板包括第一基板和第二基板，第一基板包括衬底基板31和位于衬底基板31上的钝化层32，钝化层32上设置有第一透明电极，第一透明电极包括多个间隔设置的子电极33，第一基板还包括覆盖子电极33的取向层34；第二基板包括衬底基板54和位于衬底基板54上的量子点层56，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，具体可以发出红光、绿光和蓝光。量子点层56上设置有折射层55，折射层55的折射率小于液晶层4的折射率，具体地，可以小于1.2；折射层55上设置有第二透明电极，第二透明电极为面状电极52，第二基板还包括覆盖面状电极52的取向层51，取向层34和取向层51之间设置有液晶层4。在第一基板和第二基板之间设置有黑矩阵7，黑矩阵7位于液晶层4的侧面，可以包围液晶层4。
在液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255时，如图4所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上不施加电压，背光源入射液晶显示面板的光线出射到量子点层56上，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，从而实现彩色显示，此时液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255。在液晶显示面板不进行灰阶显示时，即灰阶为0时，如图5所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上施加合适的电压，形成液晶棱镜，这时背光源入射液晶显示面板的光线被偏折到第二基板，由于液晶层4的折射率大于折射层55的折射率，形成光密到光疏界面，则此时光线被全反射至第一基板，由于第一基板附近液晶层与第一基板为光密到光疏界面(此时位置液晶为水平取向)，光线再次被全反射，如此循环，直至入射到液晶显示面板边缘被黑矩阵7吸收，此时没有光线出射液晶显示面板。在中间灰阶时，通过调节子电极33和面状电极52上施加的电压，使各个区域的液晶分子不同程度的偏折光线，来控制出射光线的能量，形成灰阶控制。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
可以理解，当诸如层、膜、区域或基板之类的元件被称作位于另一元件“上”或“下”时，该元件可以“直接”位于另一元件“上”或“下”，或者可以存在中间元件。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，所述第二基板位于所述液晶层的出光侧，其特征在于，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个电极单元，且各所述电极单元包括多个平行设置且延伸方向为直线的子电极，在向所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压后，能够使得所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构；
位于所述液晶层与所述第二基板之间的折射层，所述折射层的折射率小于所述液晶层的折射率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间、设置在所述液晶层至少相对两侧的黑矩阵。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述黑矩阵在垂直于其长度延伸方向上的截面为梯形。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述梯形的底角为45°-80°。
5.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述折射层的折射率小于1.2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述液晶层背向所述第一基板一侧的滤光层，能够将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光。
7.根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述滤光层采用量子点材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述微棱镜结构为三角形棱镜结构和/或四边形棱镜结构。
9.一种液晶显示装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的液晶显示面板，还包括位于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧的背光源，所述背光源发出的光为准直光或平行光。
10.一种液晶显示装置的工作方法，其特征在于，应用于如权利要求9所述的液晶显示装置，所述工作方法包括：
在显示时根据图像数据对所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各所述电极单元中各所述子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的分布比例。
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